CN114544025A - Gas turbine exhaust two-dimensional temperature field measuring system and method - Google Patents
Gas turbine exhaust two-dimensional temperature field measuring system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas turbine exhaust two-dimensional temperature field measuring system and a method, wherein the system comprises: an industrial personal computer; a laser control module; a laser light source; an optical fiber combiner; a laser emitting and receiving device; a turntable driving module; coating a reflecting mirror; a signal acquisition module; the industrial personal computer is connected with the laser control module and the signal acquisition module and is used for driving the laser control panel and processing the acquired signals; the rotary table driving module is used for controlling the rotary table to rotate at a high speed; the laser transmitting and receiving device is fixed on the high-speed turntable and is respectively arranged at two sides of the exhaust port together with the coating reflector. The system and the method adopt a CT-TDLAS technology combining a tunable laser absorption spectrum technology and a tomography technology, hardware equipment is arranged at an exhaust port at the tail part of a combustion chamber of the gas turbine, detection of an exhaust two-dimensional temperature field is realized through combination of software and hardware, exhaust temperature distribution conditions are obtained, and the system and the method can be used for combustion optimization, fault diagnosis and control strategy analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of emission testing, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring a two-dimensional temperature field of gas turbine exhaust.
Background
After the advent of the steam turbine and the internal combustion engine, the gas turbine is designed by taking the advantages of the steam turbine and the internal combustion engine, and the application development of the gas turbine is rapidly one of the main development directions of the energy-saving technology in the world. The impeller and the blades of the gas turbine work at high temperature and high speed, the material strength of the heated parts can be obviously reduced along with the increase of the temperature, the service life of the heated parts of the gas turbine can be greatly reduced due to overtemperature, the corrosion degree is increased, and serious accidents such as blade fracture can be caused. Therefore, in order to ensure that the temperature of the turbine inlet air does not exceed the upper thermal stress bearing limit of each heated component during the operation of the gas turbine, the temperature of the turbine inlet air and the temperature of the turbine outlet air need to be measured and properly controlled. Meanwhile, the exhaust temperature information can also be used for gas circuit fault diagnosis, the gas circuit fault of the gas turbine not only causes the performance reduction of the gas turbine and influences the economy of the gas turbine, but also influences the safety and the reliability of the operation of the gas turbine unit if the gas circuit fault cannot be found and maintained in time.
For a gas turbine, the inlet air temperature of the gas turbine cannot be directly measured, and the essence of the inlet air temperature control principle of the gas turbine is to indirectly calculate and control the inlet air temperature of the gas turbine, namely the combustion temperature behind a combustion chamber, by measuring the exhaust gas temperature of the gas turbine which is easy to obtain. The existing common exhaust temperature field measuring method is mainly a distributed thermocouple measuring method, and exhaust temperature information is obtained through a group of K-index thermocouples (some units also adopt J-index thermocouples) arranged on a rear cylinder of the turbine. The thermocouple thermometry can influence the medium flow field distribution and damage the original state of the temperature field. When measuring a high-speed combustion field, the measured temperature may be higher than the actual temperature, and it is difficult to obtain an accurate transient temperature. The sensor is also easily damaged under high-temperature and high-pressure environmental conditions, so that accurate exhaust temperature cannot be obtained. In addition, in order to obtain the test data of the temperature field, a large number of sensors and data acquisition channels need to be arranged around the pipeline, which brings great inconvenience to the application.
Tunable laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS for short) measurement has the advantages of good dynamic response characteristic, high sensitivity, non-sampling measurement, non-contact measurement and the like, can realize real-time high-precision measurement of the discharged polluted gas, and is a development trend of testing means. Tunable laser absorption spectroscopy has been widely used for the measurement of gas temperature in one-dimensional paths, resulting in the average of a single path. However, in actual industrial production, due to the influence of some factors such as gas turbulence and chemical reaction, the physical parameters of the physical field to be measured are usually non-uniform and rapidly changed, and therefore, the two-dimensional temperature field needs to be measured in order to grasp accurate and complete temperature information. Computed Tomography (CT) has been widely used for medical diagnosis. The basic principle of the projection reconstruction process is that the whole region to be measured is scanned layer by rotating the angle of projection light, the acquired data is reconstructed, and the generated image can reflect the information of each section. The two-dimensional distribution graph of the temperature of the interval to be measured can be reconstructed from the absorption spectrum data by combining the two-dimensional distribution graph with a tunable laser absorption spectrum technology and utilizing a plurality of two-dimensional field reconstruction algorithms for inversion.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a two-dimensional temperature field measurement system and method for gas turbine exhaust. The system and the method adopt a CT-TDLAS technology combining a tunable laser absorption spectrum (TDLAS) technology and a tomography (CT) technology, hardware equipment is arranged at an exhaust outlet at the tail part of a combustion chamber of the gas turbine, the detection of an exhaust two-dimensional temperature field is realized through the combination of the hardware and the software, the exhaust temperature distribution condition is obtained, and the system and the method can be used for combustion optimization, fault diagnosis and control strategy analysis of the gas turbine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the two-dimensional temperature field measuring system for the exhaust gas of the gas turbine comprises an industrial personal computer 1, laser control modules 2 and 3, laser light sources 4 and 5, an optical fiber beam combiner 6, a rotary table driving module 7, laser transmitting and receiving devices 8 and 9, a gas turbine exhaust pipe 10, coating reflecting mirrors 11 and 12 and a signal acquisition module 13. The industrial personal computer 1 is connected with the laser control modules 2 and 3 and the signal acquisition module 13 and is used for driving the laser control panel and processing the acquired signals; the rotary table driving module 7 is used for controlling the rotary table to rotate at a high speed; the laser emitting and receiving devices 8 and 9 are fixed on the high-speed turntable and are respectively arranged at two sides of the exhaust pipe 10 of the gas turbine together with the coating reflection mirrors 11 and 12.
Furthermore, the system and the method are provided with cooling devices on the laser emitting and receiving devices 8 and 9, so that the normal work of a large-area detector, a laser and an optical fiber can be protected from being influenced by high temperature.
Furthermore, the axis 14 of the small-sized high-speed rotating platform coincides with the curvature centers of the coating reflection mirrors 11 and 12, and the arrangement mode ensures that the collimated light beams output by the optical fiber collimator can accurately return to the photosensitive surface of the large-area photoelectric detector 15 at the axis position of the rotating platform after being reflected by the cylindrical reflection mirror when the rotating platform swings.
Further, the system employs two measurement units, each comprising a small high-speed rotary stage 14, a large area photodetector 15, a fiber collimator 16, and a custom coated mirror 11, 12.
Furthermore, the axis of the small-sized high-speed rotating platform 14 is just coincident with the curvature centers of the coating reflection mirrors 11 and 12, so that the laser beam output by the optical fiber collimator 16 can be accurately returned to the photosensitive surface of the large-area photoelectric detector 15 at the axis position of the rotating platform after being reflected while the rotating platform swings.
Furthermore, the industrial personal computer 1 is connected with the laser control modules 2 and 3, a data acquisition card arranged in the industrial personal computer 1 generates sawtooth wave scanning current signals with specific frequency and amplitude and outputs the sawtooth wave scanning current signals to the laser control modules 2 and 3, and the laser light sources 4 and 5 are controlled in temperature and current through a laser controller to emit laser.
Furthermore, an optical window is formed in the exhaust pipe of the gas turbine, and special calcium fluoride glass resistant to high temperature and high pressure is placed in the optical window for laser transmission.
Furthermore, the large-area photoelectric detector can be used for gain adjustment, so that the light intensity of the received infrared laser is improved, and the conversion from an optical signal to an electric signal is better realized.
Furthermore, the signal acquisition module is connected with an industrial personal computer, and is used for storing data of the optical-conversion electric signal and processing the data in the industrial personal computer.
To achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a method for measuring a two-dimensional temperature field of an exhaust gas of a gas turbine, the method comprising the steps of:
spectral line selection is carried out to determine the central wavelengths of the two lasers;
the two lasers alternately output laser light by applying a time division multiplexing technology;
coupling the two beams of laser and then transmitting the coupled laser to an exhaust port;
acquiring a reflected absorption light signal by a detector;
calculating the spectral absorption rate under different incident angles;
reconstructing a two-dimensional temperature field by applying an algebraic iterative algorithm;
and optimizing the reconstructed two-dimensional temperature field.
The gas turbine exhaust two-dimensional temperature field measuring system and method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is non-contact measurement, and avoids the damage of thermocouple to the original state of the temperature field in the traditional temperature measurement.
2. The invention simplifies the laser transmitting and receiving device, ensures that the light path can accurately return to the rotating platform after being reflected by the coated reflector, reduces the difficulty of light path calibration and improves the stability of the measuring system.
3. The invention simplifies the light path arrangement, realizes the scanning of the measuring light path to the area to be measured by the small high-speed turntable, and reduces the system complexity while ensuring the measuring precision.
4. The optical path has a certain angle relative to the optical window, so that the etalon effect is weakened to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a two-dimensional temperature field measuring system for gas turbine exhaust according to the present invention
The system comprises an industrial personal computer-1, laser control modules-2 and 3, laser light sources-4 and 5, an optical fiber beam combiner-6, a turntable driving module-7, laser emitting and receiving devices-8 and 9, a gas turbine exhaust pipe-10, coating reflecting mirrors-11 and 12 and a signal acquisition module-13.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a laser transmitter and receiver in a two-dimensional temperature field measuring system for gas turbine exhaust according to the present invention
Wherein, the device comprises a small high-speed rotating platform-14, a large-area photoelectric detector-15, a fiber collimator-16, bnc connecting wires-17 and optical fibers-18.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a method for measuring a two-dimensional temperature field of exhaust gas of a gas turbine according to the present invention
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention.
Example (b):
the implementation method is explained by referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, and the invention provides a gas turbine exhaust two-dimensional temperature field measurement system and a method, which comprises an industrial personal computer 1, laser control modules 2 and 3, laser light sources 4 and 5, an optical fiber beam combiner 6, a rotary table driving module 7, laser emitting and receiving devices 8 and 9, a gas turbine exhaust pipe 10, coating reflection mirrors 11 and 12 and a signal acquisition module 13, wherein the small high-speed rotary table 14, a large-area photoelectric detector 15, optical fiber collimators 16 and bnc are connected with a connecting wire 17, and an optical fiber 18.
A data acquisition card arranged in an industrial personal computer 1 generates sawtooth wave scanning current signals with specific frequency and amplitude and outputs the sawtooth wave scanning current signals to the laser control modules 2 and 3, and the laser light sources 4 and 5 are controlled in temperature and current through a laser controller to emit laser. The industrial personal computer controls a current signal input to the laser control module, so that only one laser is activated at a certain time, and the other laser does not emit light because the injection current is lower than a threshold current, so that the two lasers are alternately activated and tuned to output laser.
The frequency of the sawtooth wave scanning signal is 200Hz, and the amplitude values are 1-2V and 0.8-1.8V respectively.
The laser light sources are two DFB lasers, and infrared laser light sources with center wavelengths of 1391nm and 1468nm are selected after spectral line selection.
The laser light sources 4, 5 emit laser light, which is connected to the optical fiber beam combiner 6 through optical fibers to couple the two laser beams, so as to realize time division multiplexing. The light source signal generated by the time division multiplexing technology is divided into two laser beams by the optical fiber beam splitter and transmitted to the laser transmitting and receiving devices 8 and 9 through the optical fiber. Four 30cm multiplied by 5cm optical windows are arranged around the exhaust pipe of the gas turbine, wherein CaF2 special glass is placed in the optical windows and sealed by high-temperature-resistant sealant for realizing the transmission of laser. The optical path, including the positions of the laser emitting and receiving devices 8, 9 and the coated mirrors 11, 12, and the angle of the fiber collimator 16 are adjusted so that the large area photodetector 15 can receive the optical signal. The industrial personal computer 1 controls the rotary table driving modules 2 and 3 to enable the small high-speed rotary table 14 in the two detection units to synchronously rotate at a high speed, and the light path sweeps the area to be detected. The signal acquisition module 13 can transmit the electric signal obtained by the conversion of the detector to the industrial personal computer 1, thereby carrying out subsequent processing on the data.
The invention discloses a method for measuring a two-dimensional temperature field of exhaust gas of a gas turbine, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, spectral line selection is carried out, and the central wavelengths of two lasers are determined to be 1391nm and 1468nm respectively;
step two, applying time division multiplexing technology to enable two lasers to alternately output laser, dividing the laser into two beams after coupling by an optical fiber beam combiner, and dividing the two beams into two measuring units to scan the area to be measured;
acquiring the reflected light absorption signals by a large-area photoelectric detector, converting the light absorption signals into electric signals, and acquiring and storing the electric signals in a data acquisition module;
calculating the spectral absorption rates of different incidence angles;
step five, reconstructing a two-dimensional temperature field by applying an algebraic iterative algorithm;
and sixthly, optimizing the reconstructed two-dimensional temperature field.
Fourthly, calculating the spectral absorption rate of two spectral lines of the absorbed light with different incident angles according to a formula
Wherein P is the total pressure of the gas to be detected; x is the volume concentration of the gas to be measured; and S (T) is the line intensity of the characteristic spectral line of the gas to be measured.
For the measurement of temperature, the ratio of the line intensities R is a function of the gas temperature after the line pairs are selected. Therefore, the measured gas temperature can be inverted by the measured spectral line intensity ratio, and the spectral line intensity ratio can be calculated by absorbance, and the formula is as follows:
and fifthly, reconstructing a two-dimensional temperature field by using an algebraic iterative algorithm, dispersing the region to be measured into M multiplied by N orthogonal grids, and assuming the region covered by each grid as the average value in the region. According to the beer-lambert law, for a laser ray i, its gas absorption equation can be written as:
the distance L of the laser beam passing through the grid does not change along with the change of parameters such as the concentration of gas in the measuring field, the temperature and the like, and is only related to the incident angle and the position of the laser beam. Thus, the distance L across each grid can be calculated as long as the position of the laser source and the projection angle are determined prior to measurement. When a total of M laser beams traverse the measurement area from different directions, a system of equations can be obtained:
the equation can be expressed as a matrix: a ═ Lf. Wherein, L is a grid coefficient matrix and is obtained by calculation; a is a projection matrix obtained by measurement, and the gas parameter matrix f is an unknown number in the discretization grid and needs to be calculated from an equation. The two-dimensional physical field is reconstructed by utilizing an ART algorithm, firstly, an initial value of a gas absorption coefficient matrix is set, then, a true value of the gas absorption coefficient matrix is continuously approximated through an iterative formula, and a basic formula of ART iteration is given as follows:
ik＝k(mod I)+1＝[k-Int(k/I)I+1]。
where k is the total number of iterative cycles, ikK (mod i) +1 is the number of cycles per ray. f. ofiThe physical meaning of (K +1) is the absorbance represented in each pixel grid, which is directly linked to the composition information in the region, and λ is the relaxation factor, which determines the convergence rate of the iteration. An initial value is assumed, and then the projection numerical value obtained according to the experimental result is iterated continuously according to the formula.
Claims (11)
1. A gas turbine exhaust two-dimensional temperature field measurement system, comprising: an industrial personal computer; a laser control module; a laser light source; an optical fiber combiner; a laser emitting and receiving device; a turntable driving module; coating a reflecting mirror; a signal acquisition module;
the industrial personal computer is connected with the laser control module and the signal acquisition module and is used for driving the laser control panel and processing the acquired signals; the rotary table driving module is used for controlling the rotary table to rotate at a high speed; the laser emitting and receiving device is fixed on the high-speed turntable and is respectively arranged at two sides of the exhaust port together with the coating reflecting mirror.
2. The system for measuring the two-dimensional temperature field of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the industrial personal computer is connected with the laser control module, a data acquisition card built in the industrial personal computer generates a sawtooth wave scanning current signal with a specific frequency and an amplitude value and outputs the sawtooth wave scanning current signal to the laser control module, and the laser controller controls the temperature and the current of the laser so as to emit laser.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the industrial control unit controls the current signal input to the laser control module such that only one laser is activated at a time, and the other laser does not emit light because the injection current is lower than the threshold current, so that the two lasers are alternately activated and tuned to output laser light, and then the two laser lights are coupled through the optical fiber combiner to realize time division multiplexing. The light source signal generated by the time division multiplexing technology is divided into two beams of laser by the optical fiber beam splitter and transmitted to the laser emitting device through the optical fiber.
4. The two-dimensional temperature field measuring system for the exhaust gas of the gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said two laser emitting and receiving devices and said two coated mirrors are respectively disposed at two sides of the exhaust pipe of the gas turbine in an opposite manner.
5. The system for measuring the two-dimensional temperature field of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine as claimed in claim 4, wherein an optical window is arranged on the exhaust pipe of the gas turbine, and special calcium fluoride glass with high temperature and high pressure resistance is placed in the optical window for realizing the transmission of laser.
6. The two-dimensional temperature field measurement system for the exhaust gas of a gas turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said laser emitting and receiving device comprises a small high-speed rotating table, a fiber collimator, and a large-area photodetector. The small high-speed turntable drives the whole device to swing at a high speed within a small angle so as to scan the section of the exhaust outlet; the optical fiber collimator receives the optical signal from the optical fiber beam splitter and emits laser into a region to be detected; and the large-area photoelectric detector receives the laser reflected back from the coated reflector.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the turntable driving module controls the two small high-speed rotating tables to rotate at high speed synchronously.
8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the optical signal collected by the large-area photodetector is connected to a signal collection module by bnc connection line, and the signal collection module collects and stores data.
9. A method of measuring a two-dimensional temperature field of a gas turbine exhaust, the method comprising the steps of:
spectral line selection is carried out to determine the central wavelengths of the two lasers;
the two lasers alternately output laser by applying a time division multiplexing technology;
coupling the two beams of laser and then transmitting the coupled laser to an exhaust port;
acquiring a reflected absorption light signal by a detector;
calculating the spectral absorption rate under different incident angles;
reconstructing a two-dimensional temperature field by applying an algebraic iterative algorithm;
and optimizing the reconstructed two-dimensional temperature field.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reconstructed two-dimensional temperature field is optimized by applying a least squares criterion or a maximum entropy criterion.
11. The method for measuring the two-dimensional temperature field of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine as claimed in claim 9, wherein a temperature threshold value of the two-dimensional temperature field to be measured is set, and if the temperature of the target gas is higher than the temperature threshold value, an alarm is given to the outside.
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| WO2017201918A1 (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-11-30 | 中国人民解放军装备学院 | Measurement apparatus applicable to two-dimensional reconstruction of gas in combustion flow field |
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Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101216409A (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2008-07-09 | 浙江大学 | Multi-source chromatography laser measurement method and device for flue gas, particle concentration and temperature distribution |
| CN203216634U (en) * | 2013-03-17 | 2013-09-25 | 浙江师范大学 | High temperature measurement and temperature field reconstruction device based on turnable diode laser absorption spectroscopy |
| WO2017201918A1 (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-11-30 | 中国人民解放军装备学院 | Measurement apparatus applicable to two-dimensional reconstruction of gas in combustion flow field |
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