CN114542946B - Method for generating power by utilizing pressurized water energy storage of underground space - Google Patents
Method for generating power by utilizing pressurized water energy storage of underground space Download PDFInfo
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- CN114542946B CN114542946B CN202210161029.2A CN202210161029A CN114542946B CN 114542946 B CN114542946 B CN 114542946B CN 202210161029 A CN202210161029 A CN 202210161029A CN 114542946 B CN114542946 B CN 114542946B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 10
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 241001672018 Cercomela melanura Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/007—Underground or underwater storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
- F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
- F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
- F17C2270/0149—Type of cavity by digging cavities
- F17C2270/0152—Salt caverns
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for generating electricity by utilizing pressurized water energy storage of an underground space, which comprises the following steps: selecting a certain volume of underground closed spaces such as salt caves, establishing a connecting channel between the ground and the underground space, and storing gas in the underground closed spaces in advance; in the electric energy surplus time period, the electric water injection equipment is utilized to press the liquid into the underground space; and in the electricity consumption peak time period, releasing the liquid in the underground space, and driving the hydroelectric generating set to generate electricity by the liquid with certain pressure. According to the invention, the underground space is utilized to carry out pressurized water energy storage power generation according to the gas compressible principle, so that the problems of mismatching of electric energy supply and demand, new energy power generation and consumption and the like are solved, and the efficient storage, stable supply and full utilization of electric energy can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for generating electricity by utilizing pressurized water energy storage of underground spaces such as salt caves and the like, and belongs to the fields of efficient storage, stable supply and hydroelectric generation of electric energy.
Background
Energy storage refers to the process of storing energy through a medium or a device and releasing the energy when needed, and generally refers to electric energy storage. The energy storage can provide various services such as peak shaving, frequency modulation, standby, black start, demand response support and the like for power grid operation, and is an important means for improving the flexibility, economy and safety of a traditional power system. In addition, the energy storage can also obviously improve the level of new energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like, solve the randomness and fluctuation of new energy source power generation, and enable intermittent low-density renewable clean energy sources to be widely and effectively utilized.
At present, energy storage modes for large-scale application mainly comprise pumped storage, compressed air storage and storage battery storage. The pumped storage and the compressed air storage are suitable for building large-scale energy storage power stations. The pumped storage power station is a hydropower station which uses the electric power in the low load valley of the power grid to pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir for energy storage, and discharges water to the lower reservoir for power generation when the peak load of the power grid is reached. The pumped storage power station is the most reliable, long-life cycle, large-capacity and most mature energy storage device in the electric power system, the energy storage efficiency is higher and can reach about 80%, but the construction site selection of the pumped storage power station is more severe, the pumped storage power station needs to have proper topography and geological conditions and water source conditions, environmental sensitive factors are avoided, the energy storage site resources are less and less, and the site selection is difficult. The compressed air energy storage is to convert electric energy into air potential energy through compressed air when electricity consumption is low, and release the compressed air to generate electricity when electricity consumption is high. The compressed air energy storage has the characteristics of large capacity, high safety, environmental friendliness, wider site selection range and the like, but compared with the pumped storage, the compressed air energy storage has lower efficiency, generally about 60 percent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for generating electricity by utilizing underground space pressurized water energy storage, which can solve the problem of mismatching of supply and demand of electric energy and realize efficient storage, stable supply and full utilization of electric energy.
The invention relates to a method for generating electricity by utilizing pressurized water energy storage of underground spaces such as salt caves, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a certain volume of underground high-pressure storage space;
(2) Establishing a connecting channel of the ground and the underground high-pressure storage space, wherein the connecting channel comprises an injection channel and a discharge channel;
(3) Injecting a volume of gas into the underground high-pressure storage space through an injection passage by using a gas compressor;
(4) In the electric energy surplus time period, using electric water injection equipment (such as a high-pressure water injection pump) to inject liquid (such as fresh water or solution) in the low-pressure storage space into the underground high-pressure storage space through an injection channel;
(5) After the liquid enters the underground high-pressure storage space, gradually compressing the gas in the underground high-pressure storage space, and converting surplus electric energy into gas potential energy to realize energy storage;
(6) Opening a discharge channel of the underground high-pressure storage space in a period of time (preferably in a power consumption peak period) in which power generation is required, and enabling compressed gas to drive liquid in the underground high-pressure storage space to be discharged out of the ground and then enter a hydroelectric generating set to generate power so as to realize energy release;
(7) Preferably, the liquid after power generation is returned to the low-pressure storage space in the step (4) for storage.
Further, in step (1), one or more of the depth, volume, and shape of the underground high-pressure storage space is detected, for example, the depth, volume, and shape of the underground high-pressure storage space are detected.
Further, in step (1), the underground high-pressure storage space has a certain volume for satisfying the airtight requirement, and the types include: salt caves, oil and gas reservoirs, underground caves and the like, wherein the storage space meets the air-tight seal requirement and is a single independent space body or a group of mutually communicated space bodies; the volume of the underground storage space is more than or equal to 1 ten thousand m 3 For example 1-1000 km 3 10-200 ten thousand m 3 Or 20-100 ten thousand m 3 The depth may range from 0 to 5000m, for example from 10 to 4000m, from 20 to 3500m or from 50 to 3200m, preferably from 500 to 3000m.
Further, in the step (2), the connecting channels of the ground and the underground high-pressure storage space are two communicating channels which are respectively used for injection and discharge; alternatively, the injection and discharge may be a common connection passageway, which meets the air-tight requirements, and the underground access opening may be 1-30m, such as 2-25m, 3-20m, 3-18m, or 3-15m, preferably 3-10m, from the bottom of the underground space.
Further, in step (3), the gas injected into the underground high pressure storage space is a gas that does not interfere with the hermetic sealing requirements of the underground space, is insoluble in liquids, and does not corrode and damage equipment and the underground space, such as one or more of nitrogen, air, natural gas, or other gases.
Further, in step (3), if the underground high pressure storage space is a separate space body, gas is stored in an upper portion of the space body; if the underground high pressure storage space is a set of interconnected volumes, then the gas is stored in the volume with the highest relative position.
Further, in step (3), during the gas injection into the underground storage space, the upper pressure of the underground space is preferably 30% to 60%, further for example 35% to 55% or 40% to 50% or 42% to 48%, of the fracture pressure of the formation, in order not to affect the gas tightness of the formation. The fracture pressure of the formation is generally determined according to the result of the ground stress test, and is generally calculated by adopting a hydraulic fracturing method, namely, a section of the fracture is sealed in a vertical drilling hole of the formation, a tensile fracture is generated at a test layer position through small-volume high-pressure fluid injection, the fracture is expanded into the original formation, then the fluid injection is stopped, the fracture is closed along with the pressure drop, and the fracture pressure of the formation is calculated by analyzing a pressure drop curve.
Further, in step (4), the electric energy surplus time period includes: daily off-peak or flat periods, or peak periods of new energy generation (e.g., including one or both of wind energy, light energy), or other periods of power redundancy. The different time periods of each day are divided into a peak period, a flat period and a valley period according to the price of the electricity charge, the time period with high electricity price is defined as the peak period, the time period with middle electricity price is defined as the level period, the time period with low electricity price is defined as the valley period, and certain difference exists between specific time periods corresponding to the peak period, the flat period and the valley period of the electricity consumption of different countries or regions. For example, the peak usage period time may be 8:00-11:00 and 17:00-22:00; the flat peak time period may be 11:00-17:00 and 22:00-24:00, and the electricity consumption period may be 0:00-8:00.
Further, in step (4), the low pressure storage space is a river, a lake sea or an artificial storage device (such as a storage tank, a storage pool or a storage tank) on the ground, or other underground storage space in a salt cavern, an oil and gas reservoir or an underground cave is selected, and the air-tight seal requirement is met, which is a single independent space body or a group of mutually communicated space bodies. If the low pressure storage space is an underground storage space, then a communication channel is established with reference to steps (2) and (3), and a volume of gas is stored in the underground space in advance to ensure that the injected liquid can be discharged.
Further, in step (4), during the injection of the liquid into the underground storage space, the pressure in the underground space will gradually rise, with the upper pressure being such that the gas tightness of the formation is not affected, preferably with the upper pressure being 60% -90%, further 60-85% or 65-80% or 70-75% of the fracture pressure of the formation.
Further, in step (5), the liquid injected into the underground high-pressure storage space is first stored at the bottom of the underground space due to the difference in specific gravity; along with continuous injection of liquid, the gas-liquid interface is gradually raised, and the potential energy of gas is gradually increased, so that the electric energy is converted into the potential energy of gas.
Further, in step (6), the period of time required for power generation includes: peak daily use periods, or off-peak periods when new energy is being generated (e.g., including one or both of wind energy, light energy), or other periods of power shortage.
Further, in step (6), after the discharge passage of the underground high-pressure storage space is opened, the gas in the underground space is gradually expanded, the gas-liquid interface is gradually lowered, the liquid in the underground space is extruded out of the ground, and the hydro-generator set is driven to generate electricity. During this process, the gas-liquid interface remains above the underground passageway of the discharge passageway, at a distance of 1m or more, for example 1-10m or 2-8m or 3-5m from the passageway.
Furthermore, the liquid used in the invention is recycled, namely, after the generated liquid enters the low-pressure storage space, the liquid is used as a water source for high-pressure water injection in the step (4) to realize recycling, namely, a closed power generation mode. In addition, the liquid used in the invention can be not recycled, namely the liquid after power generation is used for other production, and the water source of high-pressure water injection is additionally replenished to form an 'open power generation mode'. For example, when the salt cavern is used for energy storage and power generation, fresh water is selected as the injected liquid, then the liquid discharged from the underground salt cavern is brine, the generated brine can be circularly injected into the underground salt cavern for energy storage and can be used for downstream salt chemical production, and the water source injected into the salt cavern is additionally replenished with fresh water.
In this application, "optional" means that the subsequent step occurs or does not occur.
The invention has the following technical effects or advantages:
1. the patent realizes a new way of low-level water storage and energy storage and high-level hydroelectric generation, and establishes a new hydroelectric generation method.
2. The hydraulic power generation device can realize hydraulic power generation in the underground space distribution area, breaks the regional boundary line of the traditional hydraulic power generation, and widens the site selection range of the hydraulic power generation.
3. The patent uses gas as an energy storage medium, uses liquid as a power generation medium, and has the advantages of compressed air energy storage and pumped storage.
4. The energy storage power generation method can be organically combined with the operation of the gas storage, and can realize energy storage power generation while utilizing the underground space to store natural gas, so that the underground space resource can be efficiently utilized.
5. The device can store intermittent low-density wind energy and solar energy, output stable high-density electric energy, improve the level of new energy consumption and realize more efficient utilization of the new energy.
6. This patent can provide peak shaver, frequency modulation, multiple services such as black start for the electric wire netting operation, can promote electric power system's flexibility, economic nature and security.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a closed pressurized water energy storage power generation process for communicating underground space bodies, wherein 2 mutually communicated space bodies are taken as an example for illustration, and the low-pressure storage space is ground storage equipment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an open pressurized water energy storage power generation process for a single underground space body, wherein the low-pressure storage space is ground storage equipment;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a closed pressurized water energy storage power generation process communicating with an underground space, wherein the low-pressure storage space is the underground storage space.
Wherein, 1 is electric power system, 2 is electric power water injection equipment, 3 is injection channel, 4 is gas, 5 is liquid, 6 is discharge channel, 7 is high-pressure storage space underground, 8 is hydroelectric generator, and 9 is low-pressure storage space.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, which illustrate, but do not limit, the invention, it being understood that the description is made only for the purpose of further illustrating the features and advantages of the invention, and not the limitations of the claims of the invention. Any equivalent substitution in the art according to the present disclosure is within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a closed pressurized water energy storage power generation process for communicating underground space bodies, which comprises 2 mutually communicated space bodies, wherein the low-pressure storage space is ground storage equipment. Selecting an underground high-pressure storage space 7 and detecting the depth, volume and shape of the underground high-pressure storage space 7; establishing a connecting channel of the ground and the underground high-pressure storage space, wherein the connecting channel comprises an injection channel 3 and a discharge channel 6; injecting a certain volume of gas 4 into the underground high-pressure storage space 7 through the injection channel 3 by using a gas compressor; in the electric energy surplus time period, the liquid 5 (fresh water or solution) in the low-pressure storage space 9 is injected into the underground high-pressure storage space 7 through the injection channel 3 by using the electric water injection equipment 2 (such as a high-pressure water injection pump); after the liquid 5 enters the underground high-pressure storage space 7, gradually compressing the gas 4 in the underground high-pressure storage space, and converting surplus electric energy into gas potential energy to realize energy storage; in the period of time (preferably in the power utilization peak period) in which power generation is required, opening a discharge channel 6 of the underground high-pressure storage space, and after the compressed gas 4 drives the liquid 5 in the underground high-pressure storage space 7 to be discharged out of the ground, feeding the liquid into a hydraulic generator set 8 to generate power and transmitting the power to the power system 1 to realize energy release; the liquid 5 after power generation is returned to the low-pressure storage space 9 for storage.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an open pressurized water energy storage power generation process of a single underground space body, wherein the low-pressure storage space is ground storage equipment. Selecting an underground high-pressure storage space 7 and detecting the depth, volume and shape of the underground high-pressure storage space 7; establishing a connecting channel between the ground and an underground high-pressure storage space, injecting and discharging the high-pressure storage space into a shared connecting channel, and inserting a discharging channel 6 into the injecting channel 3; injecting a certain volume of gas 4 into the underground high-pressure storage space 7 through the injection channel 3 by using a gas compressor; during the electric energy surplus time period, the liquid 5 (fresh water or solution) is injected into the underground high-pressure storage space 7 through the injection channel 3 by using the electric water injection equipment 2 (such as a high-pressure water injection pump); after the liquid 5 enters the underground high-pressure storage space 7, gradually compressing the gas 4 in the underground high-pressure storage space, and converting surplus electric energy into gas potential energy to realize energy storage; in the period of time (preferably in the power utilization peak period) in which power generation is required, opening a discharge channel 6 of the underground high-pressure storage space, and after the compressed gas 4 drives the liquid 5 in the underground high-pressure storage space 7 to be discharged out of the ground, feeding the liquid into a hydraulic generator set 8 to generate power and transmitting the power to the power system 1 to realize energy release; the liquid 5 after power generation is returned to the low-pressure storage space 9 for storage and then used for other production without recycling.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a closed pressurized water energy storage power generation process for communicating an underground space body, wherein the storage body is provided with A, B wells from the ground, and the low-pressure storage space is the underground storage space. Selecting an underground high-pressure storage space 7 and detecting the depth, volume and shape of the underground high-pressure storage space 7; establishing a connecting channel of the ground and the underground high-pressure storage space, wherein the connecting channel comprises an injection channel 3 and a discharge channel 6 (the injection channel and the discharge channel are shared and can be mutually switched); injecting a certain volume of gas 4 into the underground high-pressure storage space 7 through the injection channel 3 by using a gas compressor; in the electric energy surplus time period, the liquid 5 (fresh water or solution) in the low-pressure storage space (underground storage space) 9 is injected into the underground high-pressure storage space 7 through the injection channel 3 by using the electric water injection equipment 2 (such as a high-pressure water injection pump); after the liquid 5 enters the underground high-pressure storage space 7, gradually compressing the gas 4 in the underground high-pressure storage space, and converting surplus electric energy into gas potential energy to realize energy storage; in the period of time (preferably in the electricity utilization peak period) in which electricity generation is required, opening a discharge channel 6 of an underground high-pressure storage space (B well), and after the compressed gas 4 drives the liquid 5 in the underground high-pressure storage space 7 to be discharged out of the ground, feeding the liquid into a hydraulic generator set 8 to generate electricity and transmitting the electricity to the electric power system 1 to realize energy release; the liquid 5 after power generation is returned to the low-pressure storage space (underground storage space) 9 for storage.
Example 1
(1) In a rock salt mining area, the salt cavern has A, B wells from the surface, wherein the depth of the salt cavern at the lower part of the A well ranges from 1810 to 1950, and the depth of the salt cavern at the lower part of the B well ranges from 1800 to 1940m. The total volume of the salt caves is 80 square, and the salt caves have airtight sealing conditions.
(2) In A, B two salt wells, phi 244.5mm airtight casings are respectively put in, wherein the phi 244.5mm casing depth of the A well is 1940m, and the phi 244.5mm casing depth of the B well is 1930m.
(3) And (3) analyzing the ground stress test result to obtain that the fracture pressure of the stratum where the salt cavern is located is 43.2MPa, the upper limit pressure after gas injection of the salt cavern is 24MPa, and the upper limit pressure after liquid injection of the salt cavern is 28MPa.
(4) Nitrogen was injected into the underground salt cavern space via the Φ244.5mm casing of the a well using a gas compressor. When the pressure of the salt cavern reaches 24MPa, stopping injecting nitrogen, and enabling the depth of a gas-liquid interface to be about 1910m.
(5) During the peak period of wind power generation, brine in a ground water pool is injected into an underground salt cavern through a phi 244.5mm sleeve of an A well by utilizing a high-pressure water injection pump.
(6) After entering the underground salt cavern space, brine is stored in the lower part of the underground space. As brine is gradually injected, the pressure of the underground salt cavern rises, and nitrogen in the salt cavern is compressed. When the pressure of the salt cavern rises to 28MPa, the water injection valve of the well A is closed, brine injection is stopped, and the gas-liquid interface rises to the vicinity of 1880m, so that energy storage is realized.
(7) In the low valley period of wind power generation, a drainage valve of a well B is opened, compressed nitrogen in a well A drives brine at the lower part, a gas-liquid interface gradually descends to be near 1910m, the brine is extruded out of the ground and then enters a hydroelectric generator to generate power, the generated power is about 600MWh, and energy release is achieved.
(8) The brine after power generation enters a ground brine pool for storage and is used as a water source for high-pressure water injection for recycling.
Example 2
(1) An underground cave is selected, underground water is filled in the cave, the volume of the cave is found to be 40 square, the depth range is 1210-1350m, and the air-tight sealing condition is achieved.
(2) And (3) a concentric sleeve pipe column is arranged between the ground and the underground cave, wherein the combination of the pipe columns is phi 244.5mm plus phi 177.8mm, the sleeve pipe depth of phi 244.5mm is 1325m, and the sleeve pipe depth of phi 177.8mm is 1345m.
(3) And (3) analyzing the ground stress test result to obtain that the fracture pressure of the stratum where the cavity is located is 28.8MPa, the upper limit pressure after gas injection of the selected cavity is 15.8MPa, and the upper limit pressure after liquid injection of the cavity is 20MPa.
(4) Air is injected into the underground cavity via a collar annulus space of Φ244.5mm and Φ177.8mm using a gas compressor. When the pressure of the cavity reaches 15.8MPa, stopping gas injection, wherein the depth of a gas-liquid interface is about 1280m, and the superfluous groundwater in the cavity is discharged out of the ground through a sleeve pipe with diameter of 177.8 mm.
(5) In the electricity consumption period, fresh water is taken from the river on the ground by using a high-pressure water injection pump, and is injected into the underground cave space through a sleeve annular space with phi 244.5mm and a sleeve annular space with phi 177.8 mm.
(6) After entering the underground cave, the pressure of the underground cave rises along with the gradual injection of fresh water, and the air in the cave is compressed. When the pressure of the cave rises to 20MPa, the water injection valve is closed, water injection is stopped, and the gas-liquid interface rises to the vicinity of 1250m, so that energy storage is realized.
(7) In the peak period, a drainage valve of the sleeve with the diameter of 177.8mm is opened, compressed air in a cave drives underground water, a gas-liquid interface is lowered to be near 1280m, the underground water is extruded out of the ground and then enters a hydroelectric generator to generate electricity, the electricity generation amount is about 300MWh, and energy release is achieved.
(8) The ground water after power generation is discharged into the ground river.
Example 3
(1) In the reservoir formation area, a subterranean high pressure reservoir is selected having A, B wells to the surface, wherein the depth of the reservoir in the lower portion of the a well is in the range of 1810-1980m and the depth of the reservoir in the lower portion of the b well is in the range of 1960-2150m. The volume of the high-pressure storage space is 90 square, and the high-pressure storage space has an airtight condition.
(2) In A, B two oil-gas wells, phi 273mm airtight casings are respectively put in, wherein the depth of the phi 273mm casing of the A well is 1940m, and the depth of the phi 273mm casing of the B well is 2130m.
(3) And (3) analyzing the ground stress test result to obtain that the fracture pressure of the stratum of the underground high-pressure storage body is 43.4MPa, and the upper limit pressure of the selected underground storage body after gas injection is 26MPa and the upper limit pressure of the selected underground storage body after liquid injection is 30MPa.
(4) Natural gas is injected into the underground high-pressure storage body by using a gas compressor through a phi 273mm sleeve of the A well, and when the pressure of the underground high-pressure storage body reaches 26MPa, gas injection is stopped, and the depth of a gas-liquid interface is about 1915m.
(5) And in the solar power generation peak period, the high-pressure water injection pump is utilized to inject the fresh water in the low-pressure underground storage space into the underground high-pressure storage body through the phi 273mm sleeve of the B well.
(6) As fresh water is gradually injected, the pressure of the underground high pressure storage tank rises and natural gas in the tank is compressed. When the pressure of the underground high-pressure storage body reaches 30MPa, the water injection valve of the well B is closed, and the gas-liquid interface rises to the vicinity of 1875m, so that energy storage is realized.
(7) In the low valley period of solar power generation, a drainage valve of a well B is opened, compressed natural gas in a high-pressure storage body drives fresh water at the lower part, a gas-liquid interface descends to be near 1915m, the fresh water is extruded out of the ground and then enters a hydroelectric generator to generate power, the generated power is about 800MWh, and energy release is achieved.
(8) The generated fresh water enters the low-pressure underground storage space and is used as a water source for high-pressure water injection for recycling. The depth range of the low-pressure underground storage space is 1550-1620m, the volume is about 20 square meters, a communication channel is established by referring to the steps (2), (3) and (4), and 1000 square meters of natural gas is stored in advance.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A method for generating electricity by using pressurized water in an underground space, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Selecting a certain volume of underground high-pressure storage space;
(2) Establishing a connecting channel of the ground and the underground high-pressure storage space, wherein the connecting channel comprises an injection channel and a discharge channel;
(3) Injecting a volume of gas into the underground high-pressure storage space through an injection passage by using a gas compressor;
(4) In the electric energy surplus time period, the electric water injection equipment is utilized to inject the liquid in the low-pressure storage space into the underground high-pressure storage space through the injection channel;
(5) After the liquid enters the underground high-pressure storage space, gradually compressing the gas in the underground high-pressure storage space, and converting surplus electric energy into gas potential energy to realize energy storage;
(6) Opening a discharge channel of the underground high-pressure storage space in a period of time when power generation is required, discharging liquid in the underground high-pressure storage space to the ground by compressed gas, and feeding the liquid into a hydraulic generator set for power generation to realize energy release;
optionally, (7) returning the generated liquid to the low-pressure storage space in the step (4) for storage,
wherein in step (1) one or more of depth, volume, morphology of the underground high pressure storage space is detected;
the underground high-pressure storage space is selected from salt caves, oil and gas reservoirs and underground caves, meets the air-tight sealing requirement and is a single independent space body or a group of mutually communicated space bodies; the volume of the underground high-pressure storage space is more than or equal to 1 ten thousand m 3 The depth range is 0-5000m.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical water injection device is a high pressure water injection pump.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the period of time during which power generation is required is a peak power consumption period.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the depth of the subterranean high-pressure storage space is in the range of 500-3000m.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the connection channel of the ground and the underground high pressure storage space is two communication channels for injection and discharge, respectively; or the injection and the discharge are a shared connecting channel, the connecting channels meet the air-tight sealing requirement, and the underground entrance and the underground exit are 1-30m away from the bottom of the underground space.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the subterranean access opening is 3-10m from the bottom of the subterranean space.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the gas injected into the subterranean high-pressure storage space is a gas that does not interfere with the hermetic sealing requirements of the subterranean space, is insoluble in liquids, and does not corrode damage equipment and the subterranean space.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the gas injected into the subterranean high pressure storage space is selected from one or more of nitrogen, air, and natural gas.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), if the underground high pressure storage space is a separate space body, gas is stored in an upper portion of the space body; if the underground high-pressure storage space is a group of interconnected space bodies, the gas is stored in the space body with the highest relative position; and/or
In the process of injecting gas into the underground high-pressure storage space, the upper limit pressure of the underground high-pressure storage space is subject to the condition that the air tightness of the stratum is not affected.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the upper pressure is 30% -60% of the formation fracture pressure.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the power-rich period comprises: the daily electricity consumption valley period or flat period, or the peak time period of new energy power generation, or other power surplus time periods; and/or
During the injection of the liquid into the subterranean storage space, the pressure in the subterranean space will gradually rise, with the upper pressure being such that the gas tightness of the formation is not compromised.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the upper pressure limit during the injection of the liquid into the subterranean storage space is 60% -90% of the formation fracture pressure.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the low pressure storage space is a river, lake sea or artificial storage facility at the surface, or other underground storage space selected from salt caverns, hydrocarbon reservoirs, underground caverns, and meeting the air-tight seal requirement, as a single independent space body or a group of interconnected space bodies;
if the low pressure storage space is an underground storage space, then a communication channel is established with reference to steps (2) and (3), and a volume of gas is stored in the underground space in advance to ensure that the injected liquid can be discharged.
14. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the liquid injected into the underground high-pressure storage space is first stored at the bottom of the underground space due to a difference in specific gravity; along with continuous injection of liquid, the gas-liquid interface is gradually raised, and the potential energy of gas is gradually increased, so that the electric energy is converted into the potential energy of gas.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (6), the period of time during which power generation is required comprises: peak daily periods, or low-peak periods when new energy is being generated, or other periods when power is scarce; and/or
In the power generation process, the gas-liquid interface in the underground high-pressure storage space gradually descends, and the gas-liquid interface is kept above the underground inlet and outlet of the discharge channel, and the distance between the gas-liquid interface and the underground inlet and outlet is more than or equal to 1m.
16. The method according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein the liquid used is recycled, i.e. after the generated liquid enters the low-pressure storage space, and then is used as a water source for high-pressure water injection, so that the recycling, i.e. a 'closed power generation mode', is realized; or the generated liquid is not recycled, namely the generated liquid is used for other production, and a water source of high-pressure water injection is additionally replenished, namely an 'open power generation mode'.
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