CN114541379A

CN114541379A - Gravity type pile shoe capable of bearing lateral load

Info

Publication number: CN114541379A
Application number: CN202210237161.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谷家扬; 韦琪; 渠基顺; 张忠宇; 李�荣; 万家平
Original assignee: Nantong Cosco Shipping Engineering Co ltd; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Marine Equipment and Technology Institute Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Nantong Cosco Shipping Engineering Co ltd; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Marine Equipment and Technology Institute Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2022-03-10
Filing date: 2022-03-10
Publication date: 2022-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-10
Also published as: CN114541379B; WO2023169244A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a gravity type pile shoe capable of bearing a side load effect. The mounting base is assembled to the lower free end of the offshore platform leg. The side shift preventing part is composed of a plurality of inserting columns which are directly born by the mounting base and can be inserted to the depth below the seabed supporting layer. The pressure reducing part comprises a top contact bottom plate and an auxiliary connecting unit. The top contact bottom plate is arranged under the mounting base in parallel, and is provided with an avoidance notch for the insertion column to freely pass through. The auxiliary connecting unit is composed of a plurality of groups of connecting rod mechanisms which are connected between the mounting base and the top contact bottom plate and are uniformly distributed around the periphery of the side shift prevention part. After the final sinking construction of the pile leg of the ocean platform is completed, the inserted column is deeply inserted into the bearing layer, so that the pile shoe has better lateral force resistance, and the ocean platform is ensured to meet the requirement of resisting impact load in the horizontal direction, namely the side shifting risk is reduced when the pile leg of the ocean platform is subjected to a series of horizontal loads such as wind, wave and ocean current.

Description

Gravity type pile shoe capable of bearing lateral load

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ocean platform manufacturing, in particular to a gravity type pile shoe capable of bearing a side load effect.

Background

The pile shoe is an important structure of the self-elevating ocean platform, is used for connecting and transitioning between an ocean platform pile leg and the ocean floor, and transmits environmental load and self-weight load of the ocean platform, which are borne by the pile leg, to the ocean floor, so that the stability of the ocean platform when impacted by ocean current is improved.

In practical application, the pile shoe is not only pressed down by the self-weight load of the ocean platform, but also subjected to a series of horizontal loads such as wind, waves, ocean currents and the like. However, the existing designs only consider the structural stability of the pile shoe when it is subjected to a downward pressure, such as: the invention patent CN201110084096.0 discloses a telescopic drilling platform pile shoe structure, which comprises a top sealing plate, a bottom sealing plate, a telescopic steel skeleton, a movable pile shoe side wall shell and a hydraulic device. The following steps are repeated: the Chinese invention patent CN202022924846.8 discloses a folding type pile shoe structure, which is arranged at the bottom of a pile leg of an ocean platform and comprises a pile leg cylinder, a reinforcing structure and wing plates, wherein the wing plates are arranged at the outer side of the pile leg cylinder at equal intervals, the reinforcing structure is fixed at the inner side of the pile leg cylinder, 4 openings at the mud contact end of the pile leg cylinder are provided with the wing plates, the wing plates can be freely rotated and folded, and the area of the mud contact end can be enlarged when the wing plates are rotated and opened to be parallel to a straight line where a pin shaft hole of the pile leg and a shaft penetrating hole are positioned, so that the pressure load can be better borne. Whether the pile shoe structure of the telescopic drilling platform is matched with the pile shoe structure or the folding pile shoe structure, when the offshore platform is subjected to the action of wind, waves and ocean currents, the generated horizontal load is conducted to the pile shoe through the pile leg. However, the pile shoe is not inserted effectively or the actual insertion depth is insufficient due to the defect of the design structure, and thus the requirement of resisting the horizontal impact load cannot be met, so that the lateral movement risk of the ocean platform is increased, and the working safety of the ocean platform cannot be ensured effectively. Thus, a skilled person is urgently needed to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems and drawbacks, the subject group of the present invention collects relevant data, and through various evaluations and considerations, and through further research and design improvement by the subject group of people, finally results in the appearance of the gravity pile shoe capable of bearing the side load.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention relates to a gravity pile shoe capable of bearing a side load effect, which is applied to a pile leg of an ocean platform in a matching way. The mounting base is assembled to the lower free end of the offshore platform leg. The side shift preventing part is composed of N inserting columns which are directly born by the mounting base and can be deeply inserted below the seabed bearing layer, and N is more than or equal to 1. In addition, the gravity type pile shoe capable of bearing the side load further comprises a pressure reducing part. The pressure reducing part comprises a top contact bottom plate and an auxiliary connecting unit. The top contact bottom plate is arranged under the mounting base in parallel, and N avoidance notches for the insertion columns to freely pass through are formed in the top contact bottom plate. The auxiliary connecting unit is composed of M groups of connecting rod mechanisms which are connected between the mounting base and the top contact bottom plate and are uniformly distributed around the periphery of the side shift prevention part, and M is more than or equal to 2. After the top contact bottom plate is abutted against the seabed soft soil layer, the top contact bottom plate is pressed below the seabed soft soil layer along with the continuous propulsion of the sinking process of the pile legs of the ocean platform, the distance value d between the top contact bottom plate and the installation base is gradually reduced under the action of the loosened seabed reverse thrust, in the process, each inserting column penetrates through the corresponding avoidance notch until penetrating into the seabed supporting layer, and the bending angle of each connecting rod mechanism is synchronously subjected to self-adaptive change.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the bottom wall of the top contact bottom plate is uniformly provided with lower friction-increasing bulges. The lower friction-increasing bulge is formed by continuously extending downwards the bottom wall of the top contact bottom plate.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the connecting rod mechanism comprises an upper connecting rod assembly, a lower connecting rod assembly, an upper pin shaft, a middle pin shaft and a lower pin shaft. The upper connecting rod assembly is hinged with the mounting base through the upper pin shaft. The lower connecting rod assembly is hinged with the top contact bottom plate through a lower pin shaft. And the middle pin shaft is used for realizing the hinging of the upper connecting rod assembly and the lower connecting rod assembly. And in the initial top contact stage of the top contact bottom plate and the seabed soft soil layer, the included angle theta formed by the upper connecting rod assembly and the lower connecting rod assembly is smaller than 180 degrees, and the upper connecting rod assembly is bent relative to the lower connecting rod assembly along with the continuous propulsion of the sinking process of the pile leg of the ocean platform, so that the theta is reduced.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the upper connecting rod component is composed of an upper connecting rod, wherein Q pieces are always arranged in parallel and are simultaneously crossed by an upper pin shaft and a middle pin shaft. The lower connecting rod assembly is composed of lower connecting rods, wherein Q pieces are always arranged in parallel and are simultaneously crossed by the middle pin shaft and the lower pin shaft; q is more than or equal to 1.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the pressure reducing part also comprises a side wing pressure reducing plate which can be partially or completely pressed below the seabed soft soil layer. The lateral wing decompression plates are contacted with the outer side walls of the lower connecting rods in a sticking way and are welded and fixed. If the included angle formed between the side wing pressure reducing plate and the top contact bottom plate is beta, the beta is increased along with the continuous propulsion of the process of the inserted column penetrating into the seabed soil layer; and when the inserted column is inserted in place relative to the supporting layer, the beta is more than or equal to 150 degrees and less than or equal to 170 degrees.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, lateral friction-increasing bulges are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the lateral wing pressure-reducing plate. The lateral friction-increasing protrusion is formed by continuously extending the outer side wall of the lateral wing pressure-reducing plate outwards.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the mounting base is composed of a mounting substrate, a fixed seat and a hinged seat assembly. And the mounting substrate is welded and fixed with the lower free end of the pile leg of the ocean platform. The fixing seat is used for inserting and fixing the inserting column and is directly welded on the bottom wall of the mounting substrate. The hinged support component is composed of hinged supports, wherein Q pieces are welded on the bottom wall of the mounting substrate and are hinged with the upper connecting rods in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the gravity pile shoe capable of bearing the side load further comprises a locking part. The locking part comprises a locking block assembly and a driving part. The locking block assembly is composed of N locking blocks assembled on the inserting columns. The driving part is composed of N linear motion elements for driving the locking blocks to freely extend out of/retract into the inserting columns in a one-to-one correspondence mode. In the process of sinking the pile leg of the ocean platform, after the inserted column is inserted in place relative to the seabed bearing stratum, the locking block is positioned right below the top contact bottom plate and extends out of the inserted column under the action of the driving force of the corresponding linear motion element, and theta and beta are locked; in the process of withdrawing the pile leg of the ocean platform, the linear motion element is reversely started to drive the locking block to retract into the inserting column, then the inserting column gradually escapes from the avoidance notch corresponding to the inserting column under the action of lifting force, in the process, theta is gradually increased to 180 degrees, beta is gradually reduced, and seabed soil enclosed by the side wing pressure reducing plate and the top contact bottom plate is extruded and discharged through a gap or/and the avoidance notch formed by the adjacent lower connecting rod assemblies.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the plug column is internally provided with an accommodating cavity for accommodating the linear motion element. And a lateral mounting groove which is used for the locking block to freely perform the extending/retracting action and is communicated with the accommodating cavity is formed by inwards extending the outer side wall of the inserted column.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the linear motion element is preferably a direct drive motor or a speed reduction motor.

Through the technical scheme, at the initial stage of sinking of the pile leg of the ocean platform, the pile shoe is in a furled state (namely, the distance between the top contact bottom plate and the mounting base is kept at the maximum value), and synchronously executes sinking action along with the pile leg until the pile shoe is in top contact with the seabed soft soil layer, then, along with the continuous propulsion of the sinking process of the pile leg of the ocean platform, the top contact bottom plate is pressed below the seabed soft soil layer, and the distance value between the pile shoe and the mounting base is gradually reduced under the action of loose seabed reverse thrust, namely, each link mechanism is bent and deformed, meanwhile, the inserting column performs axial displacement movement relative to the top contact bottom plate until the inserting column is inserted into the seabed soft soil layer through an avoiding gap, then, the sinking process of the pile leg of the ocean platform is continuously propelled, the top contact bottom plate continuously moves downwards to enter the saturated sand soil layer, and the link mechanisms are brought into the seabed soft soil layer, and the insertion column is inserted deep into the supporting layer. And in the stage of executing the pulling-out operation of the pile legs of the ocean platform, the inserted columns are gradually pulled out from the holding layer, meanwhile, the top touch bottom plate and the connecting rod mechanism are respectively and correspondingly pulled out from the seabed soft soil layer and the saturated sand soil layer, the connecting rod mechanism is restored from the bending state to the initial folding state (the distance between the top touch bottom plate and the mounting base is gradually increased to the maximum value) due to the pulling force, and synchronously, seabed soil covered on the top touch bottom plate is extruded and discharged.

From the above description, the gravity pile shoe capable of bearing the side load effect has at least the following advantages in practical application:

1) after the final sinking construction of the pile legs of the ocean platform is completed, the inserting columns are deeply inserted into the bearing layers, so that the pile shoes have better lateral force resistance, the ocean platform is further ensured to meet the requirement of resisting impact load in the horizontal direction, namely the side shifting risk is reduced when the ocean platform is subjected to a series of horizontal loads such as wind, wave and ocean current, and the ocean platform is finally ensured to have higher working safety;

2) the top contact bottom plate has a relatively large top contact area, and can be in top contact with a hard holding layer after the final sinking construction of the pile leg of the ocean platform is completed, so that the pile shoe is ensured to have better axial load force resistance;

3) compare in traditional project organization, the pile shoe of novel project organization changes in following deep seabed, specifically embodies: in the process that the top contact bottom plate enters a saturated sandy soil layer through a seabed soft soil layer and is in top contact with the bearing layer, the posture of the pile shoe is changed adaptively (the bending angle of the connecting rod mechanism can be changed adaptively according to the actual seabed reverse thrust action), so that the impedance force of the pile shoe in the process of penetrating into the seabed soil layer is reduced as far as possible; and when the top contacts the bottom plate, the supporting layer is finally jacked, the pile shoe deforms to a fully unfolded state (the bending angle of the connecting rod mechanism is kept at a small value), so that the axial load resistance of the pile shoe can be increased to a certain extent, and the anchoring reliability of the pile shoe relative to the seabed is improved.

4) Compare in traditional project organization, the pile shoe of novel project organization changes in pulling out in by the seabed soil layer (including seabed soft soil layer, saturated sand soil layer, holding power layer), specifically embodies: when the top contact bottom plate is separated from the bearing layer under the action of the uplift force and then enters the seabed soft soil layer through the saturated sand layer, the posture of the pile shoe is gradually changed from the unfolding state to the folding state (the bending angle of the connecting rod mechanism can be adaptively increased under the action of seabed reverse thrust), and the mud end contact area of the pile shoe is possibly reduced to enable the pile shoe to be under the action of smaller resistance force, so that the pile shoe can be smoothly drawn out of the seabed soft soil layer by using smaller force in actual operation.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a gravity shoe capable of bearing side load according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of another perspective view of the first embodiment of the gravity shoe capable of bearing side load according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the attitude transition (from the expanded state to the compressed state) of the gravity pile shoe capable of bearing the side load according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a gravity shoe for bearing side load according to the first embodiment of the present invention in use with an offshore platform leg.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a gravity shoe for bearing side loads according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of a gravity shoe for bearing side loads according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of part I of fig. 8.

1-mounting a base; 11-a mounting substrate; 12-a fixed seat; 13-a free bearing assembly; 131-a free bearing; 2-a lateral movement prevention part; 21-inserting a column; 3-a pressure reducing part; 31-top-contact bottom plate; 311-avoiding the gap; 32-an auxiliary connection unit; 321-a linkage mechanism; 3211-upper connecting rod assembly; 32111-upper link; 3212-a lower link assembly; 32121-lower link; 3213-a pin is arranged on the upper part; 3214-middle pin; 3215-setting a pin shaft; 33-flank decompression plate; 4-a locking portion; 41-a locking block assembly; 411-locking block.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

According to the common knowledge, the pile shoe is matched with the pile leg of the ocean platform, so that the piercing force applied to the seabed bearing layer can be effectively reduced, the phenomenon of slow settlement of the ocean platform is avoided, and the phenomenon can be clearly seen by combining the structure shown in the attached figure 6.

The disclosure of the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, and fig. 1 and 4 are schematic perspective views of a first embodiment of a gravity pile shoe capable of bearing a side load according to the present invention, which mainly comprises a mounting base 1, a lateral movement preventing portion 2, and a pressure reducing portion 3. Wherein the mounting base 1 is welded to the lower free end of the legs of the offshore platform. The side shift preventing part 2 is composed of 4 pieces of insertion columns 21 directly borne by the mounting base 1 and capable of being inserted deeply below the seabed bearing layer. The decompression section 3 includes a top contact base plate 31 and an auxiliary connection unit 32. The top contact bottom plate 31 is arranged in parallel under the mounting base 1, and 4 avoidance notches 311 for the insertion posts to freely pass through are formed in the top contact bottom plate. The auxiliary connection unit 32 is composed of 4 sets of link mechanisms 321 connected between the mounting base 1 and the top contact base plate 31 and evenly distributed around the periphery of the side shift preventer 2. After the top contact bottom plate 31 is abutted against the seabed soft soil layer, the top contact bottom plate 31 is pressed below the seabed soft soil layer along with the continuous propulsion of the sinking process of the pile legs of the ocean platform, and the distance value d between the top contact bottom plate 31 and the installation base 1 is gradually reduced due to the action of the loosened seabed reverse thrust, in the process, each inserting column 21 passes through the corresponding avoiding notch 311 until reaching the seabed supporting layer, and the bending angle of each connecting rod mechanism 321 is synchronously adaptively changed (as shown in fig. 2 and 3).

At the initial stage of sinking of the pile leg of the ocean platform, the pile shoe is in a furled state (namely, the distance between the top contact bottom plate 31 and the installation base 1 is kept at the maximum value), and the pile shoe synchronously performs sinking action along with the pile leg until the pile shoe is in top contact with the soft soil layer at the bottom of the ocean, then, along with the continuous propulsion of the sinking process of the pile leg of the ocean platform, the top contact bottom plate 31 is pressed below the soft soil layer at the bottom of the ocean, and the distance value between the pile shoe and the installation base 1 is gradually reduced under the action of the reverse thrust of the loosened ocean bottom, namely, each connecting rod mechanism 321 is bent and deformed, meanwhile, the inserting column 21 performs axial displacement motion relative to the top contact bottom plate 31 until the pile leg is inserted into the soft soil layer at the bottom through the avoiding notch 311, then, the sinking process of the pile leg of the ocean platform continues to be propelled, the top contact bottom plate 31 continues to move downwards to enter the saturated sand soil layer, and the connecting rod mechanisms 321 are brought into the soft soil layer at the bottom, and the insert posts 21 are inserted deep into the support layer. In the stage of performing the pulling-out operation of the pile leg of the ocean platform, the inserted column 21 is gradually pulled out from the bearing layer, meanwhile, the top contact bottom plate 31 and the link mechanism 321 are respectively and correspondingly pulled out from the soft soil layer and the saturated sand layer of the ocean floor, the link mechanism 321 is subjected to the pulling force and returns from the bending state to the initial folding state (the distance between the top contact bottom plate 31 and the mounting base 1 is gradually increased to the maximum value), and synchronously, the ocean soil covered on the top contact bottom plate 31 is extruded and discharged (as shown in fig. 5).

Practical experiments verify that after the pile leg of the ocean platform finishes final sinking construction, the inserting column 21 is deeply inserted into the bearing layer, so that the pile shoe has better lateral force resistance, the requirement of resisting horizontal impact load of the ocean platform is further ensured, namely the risk of lateral movement is reduced when the pile shoe is subjected to a series of horizontal loads such as wind, wave and ocean current, and the ocean platform is finally ensured to have higher working safety. In addition, as can be clearly seen in fig. 1 to 4, the top contact bottom plate 31 has a relatively large top contact area, and after the final sinking construction of the offshore platform leg is completed, the offshore platform leg can be in top contact with the hard supporting layer, so that the pile shoe is ensured to have better axial load force resistance.

In addition, it should be further explained herein that, in the process of offshore construction of the offshore platform, the pile shoe with the novel design structure is easier to penetrate into the seabed, which is specifically embodied as follows: in the process that the top contact bottom plate 31 enters a saturated sandy soil layer through a seabed soft soil layer and is in top contact with a bearing layer, the posture of the pile shoe is changed adaptively (the bending angle of the connecting rod mechanism 321 can be changed adaptively according to the actual seabed reverse thrust action), so that the resistance force of the pile shoe in the process of penetrating into the seabed soil layer is reduced as much as possible; and after the top contacts the bottom plate 31 to finally realize the top of the bearing layer, the pile shoe deforms to a fully unfolded state (the bending angle of the connecting rod mechanism 321 is kept at a small value), so that the axial load force resistance of the pile shoe can be increased to a certain extent, and the anchoring reliability of the pile shoe relative to the seabed is improved.

In the process of carrying out the drawing-back operation of the pile leg of the ocean platform, the pile shoe with a novel design structure is easier to be pulled out from a seabed soil layer (comprising a seabed soft soil layer, a saturated sand soil layer and a bearing layer), and is specifically embodied as follows: when the top contact bottom plate 31 is separated from the bearing layer under the action of the uplift force and then enters the seabed soft soil layer through the saturated sand layer, the posture of the pile shoe is gradually changed from the unfolding state to the folding state (the bending angle of the connecting rod mechanism 321 can be adaptively increased under the action of the seabed reverse thrust), and the contact area of the mud end of the pile shoe is possibly reduced, so that the pile shoe is under the action of smaller resistance force, and finally the pile shoe can be smoothly drawn out of the seabed soft soil layer by using smaller force in actual operation.

As can be clearly understood by referring to fig. 1 to 4, the link mechanism 321 is composed of an upper link assembly 3211, a lower link assembly 3212, an upper pin 3213, a middle pin 3214, and a lower pin 3215. The upper link assembly 3211 is hinged to the mounting base 1 by an upper pin 3213. The lower link assembly 3212 is hinged to the top contact base plate 31 by a lower pin 3215. And the intermediate pin 3214 is used to hinge the upper link assembly 3211 and the lower link assembly 3212. In the initial stage of the top contact bottom plate 31 not contacting the seabed soft soil layer, the included angle theta formed by the upper connecting rod assembly 3211 and the lower connecting rod assembly 3212 is smaller than 180 degrees, and along with the continuous propulsion of the sinking process of the pile leg of the ocean platform, the upper connecting rod assembly 3211 bends relative to the lower connecting rod assembly 3212, and the theta is reduced accordingly. The upper link assembly 3211 is composed of 3 upper link mechanisms 32111 which are arranged in parallel and are simultaneously crossed by an upper pin 3213 and an intermediate pin 3214. The lower link assembly 3212 is formed by 3 lower links 32121 which are arranged parallel to each other and are crossed by the intermediate pin 3214 and the lower pin 3213. By adopting the technical scheme, on one hand, on the premise of ensuring the smooth transformation of the unfolding and folding actions of the pile shoe, the connecting rod mechanism 321 has a very simple design structure, and is beneficial to low-cost realization of manufacturing and implementation; on the other hand, when the pile shoe performs the posture changing action, relatively small friction force is generated between the upper link mechanism 32111 and the lower link 32121, so that the occurrence of a ground "dead point" or "jamming" problem is effectively avoided.

In the state of completing the marine leg settling operation, in order to further improve the anchoring force between the pile shoe and the seabed soil layer (including seabed soft soil layer, saturated sand soil layer, and supporting layer), lower friction-increasing protrusions (not shown in the figure) may be uniformly distributed on the bottom wall of the top contact bottom plate 31. The lower friction-increasing protrusion is formed by continuously extending downwards the bottom wall of the top contact bottom plate 31. The friction force when the top contact bottom plate 31 is in top contact with the sea bed soil layer can be effectively improved due to the existence of the underneath friction increasing protrusion, so that the lateral force resistance of the pile shoe is further improved, the lateral movement risk when the ocean platform is subjected to a series of horizontal loads such as wind, waves and ocean currents is further reduced, and the ocean platform is finally ensured to have good application safety.

As is clear from fig. 3, the mounting base 1 is composed of a mounting board 11, a fixing base 12, and a hinge base assembly 13. The mounting base plate 1 and the lower free end of the ocean platform pile leg are directly welded and fixed. The fixing base 12 is used to insert and fix the insertion column 21, and is directly welded on the bottom wall of the mounting substrate 11. The hinge base assembly 13 is composed of 3 hinge bases 131 welded to the bottom wall of the mounting substrate 1 and hinged to the upper link 32111 in a one-to-one correspondence. Therefore, on the one hand, on the premise of ensuring reliable fixation of the opposite insertion column 21 and reliable hinging of the upper connecting rod 32111, the mounting base 1 has a very simple design structure, and is easy to manufacture and implement; on the other hand, in the actual posture change process of the pile leg, the mounting base 1 has high guiding precision, and is beneficial to ensuring that the fixed inserting column 21 smoothly passes through the avoidance notch 311.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a gravity type pile shoe capable of bearing side load according to the present invention, which is different from the first embodiment in that: in addition to the top contact bottom plate 31 and the auxiliary connection unit 32, a side flap pressure reducing plate 33 is additionally provided to the pressure reducing section 3. During the course of performing a platform leg sinking operation, the side wing decompression plates 33 may be partially or fully pressed under the soft soil layer of the sea floor to enhance the lateral force resistance of the shoe. The side pressure reducing plates 33 are in contact with the outer side walls of the lower links 32121 and are welded and fixed. If the included angle formed between the side wing pressure reducing plate 33 and the top contact bottom plate 31 is beta, the beta is increased along with the continuous propulsion of the process that the inserted column 21 penetrates into the seabed soil layer (including a seabed soft soil layer, a saturated sandy soil layer and a bearing layer); and when the plug-in post 21 is deeply plugged into the bearing layer, β is easily controlled between 150-.

By adopting the technical scheme, in the process of converting the pile shoe from the folded state to the unfolded state, the side wing pressure reducing plates 33 keep synchronous movement with the corresponding lower connecting rods 32121, so that the mud end contact area of the pile shoe can be effectively increased, the pile shoe is subjected to larger resistance force, and the pile shoe is ensured to have good anchoring force after being sunk in place relative to the seabed, namely the axial load force resistance of the pile shoe is improved, and the ocean platform is ensured to have better application safety.

For similar design purposes, referring to the structure of the top contact bottom plate 31, lateral friction-increasing protrusions (not shown) may be disposed on the outer sidewalls of the lateral pressure-reducing plates 33. The lateral friction-increasing protrusion is formed by the outer side wall of the lateral pressure-reducing plate 33 continuing to extend outwards.

Fig. 8 and fig. 9 respectively show a schematic perspective view and a partially enlarged view I of a third embodiment of a gravity pile shoe capable of bearing a side load according to the present invention, and it can be seen that the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is: and a locking part 4 is additionally arranged on the gravity type pile shoe capable of bearing the side load. The locking portion 4 is mainly constituted by several parts, such as a locking block assembly 41 and a driving portion. The locking block assembly 41 is composed of 4 locking blocks 411 assembled on each insert column 21. The driving part is composed of 4 direct drive motors for driving the locking blocks 411 to freely extend/retract into the insertion posts one by one. The inserting column 21 is provided with a containing cavity for accommodating the direct drive motor. And a lateral mounting groove extending inward from the outer sidewall of the post 21 for the locking block 411 to freely perform the extending/retracting action and communicating with the receiving cavity.

In the process of sinking the pile leg of the ocean platform, after the inserted column 21 is inserted in place relative to the seabed bearing stratum, the locking block 411 is positioned under the top contact bottom plate 31 and extends out of the inserted column 21 under the action of the driving force of the corresponding direct drive motor, theta and beta are locked, at the moment, the side wing pressure reducing plate 33 is kept in a fully unfolded state, the contact area of the mud end of the side wing pressure reducing plate is effectively increased, the fixing reliability of the pile shoe in the seabed is further realized, and the phenomenon that the pile shoe is pulled out of the seabed soil layer due to relatively small force action is avoided; in the process of withdrawing the pile leg of the ocean platform, the direct drive motor is started reversely to drive the locking block 411 to retract into the inserting column 21, then the inserting column 21 gradually escapes from the corresponding avoiding notch 311 under the action of lifting force, theta is gradually increased to 180 degrees and beta is gradually reduced in the process, the side wing pressure reducing plate 33 is converted from an unfolded state to a folded state in the process, the contact area of the mud end of the side wing pressure reducing plate is effectively reduced, and the implementation that the pile shoe can be pulled out of a design target from a seabed soil layer by using small force is facilitated; in addition, in the process that the lateral wing pressure reducing plates 33 are folded, seabed soil enclosed by the lateral wing pressure reducing plates 33 and the top contact bottom plate 31 is extruded and discharged through gaps or/and avoiding gaps formed by the adjacent lower connecting rod assemblies 3212, so that seawater can be filled in a cavity enclosed by the pile shoe and a seabed soil layer in the process of being pulled out in time, and the phenomenon of 'adsorption' caused by instant vacuum under the pile shoe in the initial stage of pulling out is effectively avoided.

In practical application, the direct drive motor can directly drive the locking block 411 without a transmission device, the power is strong, and the driving precision and the stability are extremely high. More importantly, on the premise of certain output power, the direct drive motor has a relatively small design volume, and is beneficial to being installed and fixed in the accommodating cavity. It should be noted that, besides the above-mentioned direct drive motor can be used to drive the locking block 411 to perform displacement motion, linear motion elements such as a speed reduction motor can also be selected according to different power requirements of practical application scenarios.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A gravity type pile shoe capable of bearing the action of lateral load is applied to a pile leg of an ocean platform in a matching way, and comprises a mounting base and a lateral movement prevention part; the mounting base is assembled at the lower free end of the offshore platform leg; the anti-side shift part is composed of N inserting columns which are directly borne by the mounting base and can be deeply inserted below a seabed bearing layer, N is more than or equal to 1, and the anti-side shift part is characterized by also comprising a decompression part; the pressure reducing part comprises a top contact bottom plate and an auxiliary connecting unit; the top contact bottom plate is arranged under the mounting base in parallel, and N avoidance notches for the inserting columns to freely pass through are formed in the top contact bottom plate; the auxiliary connecting unit is composed of M groups of connecting rod mechanisms which are connected between the mounting base and the top contact bottom plate and are uniformly distributed around the periphery of the side shift prevention part, and M is more than or equal to 2; after the top contact bottom plate is abutted against the seabed soft soil layer, the top contact bottom plate is pressed below the seabed soft soil layer along with the continuous propulsion of the sinking process of the pile legs of the ocean platform, the distance value d between the top contact bottom plate and the installation base is gradually reduced under the reverse thrust action of the seabed soft soil layer, in the process, each inserting column penetrates through the corresponding avoidance notch until penetrating into the seabed supporting layer, and the bending angle of each connecting rod mechanism is synchronously subjected to adaptive change.

2. The gravity pile shoe capable of bearing the side load of claim 1, wherein lower friction-increasing protrusions are uniformly distributed on the bottom wall of the top contact bottom plate; the lower friction-increasing protrusion is formed by continuously extending the bottom wall of the top contact bottom plate downwards.

3. The gravity pile shoe capable of bearing the side load according to claim 1, wherein the link mechanism comprises an upper link assembly, a lower link assembly, an upper pin, a middle pin and a lower pin; the upper connecting rod assembly is hinged with the mounting base through the upper pin shaft; the lower connecting rod assembly is hinged with the top contact bottom plate by virtue of the lower pin shaft; the middle pin shaft is used for realizing the hinging of the upper connecting rod assembly and the lower connecting rod assembly; and in the initial jacking stage of the jacking bottom plate and the seabed soft soil layer, an included angle theta formed by the upper connecting rod assembly and the lower connecting rod assembly is smaller than 180 degrees, and the upper connecting rod assembly bends relative to the lower connecting rod assembly along with the continuous propulsion of the sinking process of the pile leg of the ocean platform, so that theta is reduced.

4. A gravity pile shoe capable of bearing side loads according to claim 3 wherein said upper connecting rod assembly is comprised of upper connecting rods having Q members disposed parallel to each other and being traversed by said upper pin and said middle pin; the lower connecting rod assembly consists of Q pieces which are always arranged in parallel and are crossed by the middle pin shaft and the lower pin shaft at the same time; q is more than or equal to 1.

5. A gravity pile shoe capable of withstanding lateral loads according to claim 4 wherein said pressure relief section further comprises a wing pressure relief panel adapted to be partially or fully depressed below the soft soil layer of the seabed; the lateral wing decompression plates are attached to the outer side walls of the lower connecting rods and are welded and fixed; setting an included angle formed between the side wing pressure reducing plate and the top contact bottom plate as beta, and increasing the beta along with the continuous propulsion of the process of the inserted column penetrating into the seabed soil layer; and when the inserted column is inserted in place relative to the supporting layer, the beta is more than or equal to 150 degrees and less than or equal to 170 degrees.

6. The gravity pile shoe capable of bearing side load of claim 5, wherein lateral friction-increasing protrusions are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the lateral pressure-reducing plate; the lateral friction-increasing protrusion is formed by continuously extending the outer side wall of the lateral wing pressure-reducing plate outwards.

7. A gravity pile shoe capable of withstanding side loads according to any one of claims 3 to 6 wherein said mounting base is comprised of a mounting base plate, a mounting seat, and a hinge assembly; the mounting substrate is welded and fixed with the lower free end of the pile leg of the ocean platform; the fixing seat is used for inserting and fixing the inserting column and is directly welded on the bottom wall of the mounting substrate; the hinged support component is composed of hinged supports, wherein Q pieces are welded on the bottom wall of the mounting substrate and hinged with the upper connecting rods in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

8. A gravity pile shoe capable of withstanding side loads according to any one of claims 5 to 6 further comprising a locking portion; the locking part comprises a locking block assembly and a driving part; the locking block assembly is composed of N locking blocks assembled on the inserting columns; the driving part is composed of N linear motion elements which are used for driving the locking blocks to freely extend out of or retract into the inserting columns in a one-to-one correspondence mode; in the process of sinking the pile leg of the ocean platform, after the inserted column is inserted into position relative to the seabed bearing stratum, the locking block is positioned right below the top contact bottom plate and extends out of the inserted column under the action of the driving force of the linear motion element corresponding to the locking block, and theta and beta are locked; in the process of withdrawing the pile leg of the ocean platform, the linear motion element is started reversely to drive the locking block to retract into the inserting column, then the inserting column gradually escapes from the avoidance notch corresponding to the inserting column under the action of lifting force, in the process, theta is gradually increased to 180 degrees, beta is gradually reduced, and seabed soil enclosed by the side wing pressure reducing plates and the top contact bottom plate is extruded and discharged through a gap formed by the adjacent lower connecting rod assemblies or/and the avoidance notch.

9. A gravity pile shoe capable of withstanding side loads according to claim 8 wherein said post has a receiving cavity therein for receiving said linear motion element; and a lateral mounting groove which is used for the locking block to freely perform extending/retracting actions and is communicated with the accommodating cavity is formed by inwards extending the outer side wall of the inserting column.

10. A gravity pile shoe capable of withstanding side loads according to claim 9 wherein said linear motion element is a direct drive motor or a speed reduction motor.