CN114540743A - Zirconium alloy surface plasma spraying remelting Cr/FeCrAl coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Zirconium alloy surface plasma spraying remelting Cr/FeCrAl coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a nuclear zirconium alloy surface plasma spraying remelting Cr/FeCrAl LOCA accident-resistant coating. Firstly, placing a pretreated zirconium alloy matrix on spraying equipment, and spraying the zirconium alloy matrix by using preheated FeCrAl powder; after the FeCrAl layer is sprayed, closing a powder feeder of a spraying device, changing a spraying process, and heating the FeCrAl layer on the original spraying surface by using plasma gas as a heat source under the condition that spraying equipment does not feed powder so that the FeCrAl layer is remelted and forms metallurgical bonding with a zirconium alloy matrix which is subjected to the action of the heat source and has a surface layer melted; after remelting the FeCrAl layer, the FeCrAl layer is sprayed with preheated pure Cr powder immediately without any treatment to form a remelted Cr/FeCrAl coating. The invention adopts a preparation method with high reliability, high repeatability, high efficiency and economy of plasma spraying, the remelting technology in the coating preparation process does not need additional equipment and a post-treatment method, the preparation process is simple, and the method has industrial popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparing a high-temperature corrosion resistant coating on the surface of a zirconium alloy, in particular to a plasma spraying remelting Cr/FeCrAl coating on the surface of the zirconium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In 2011, 9.0-grade Richter earthquake occurs in Fudao of Japan, so that the quenching systems of two nuclear power reactors in Fudao county fail, the cooling water level in the reactor once drops, and the reactor core is exposed. The cladding material of the reactor core fuel rod is nuclear zirconium alloy, the temperature of the fuel rod is rapidly increased due to insufficient cooling, and the zirconium alloy fuel cladding tube reacts with water at high temperature to generate a large amount of hydrogen to cause explosion, so that radioactive substances are leaked finally, and catastrophic influence is brought to the world. This type of accident is commonly referred to as a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). The fundamental reason for the occurrence of the accident is that although the zirconium alloy fuel cladding tube has excellent water-resistant side corrosion performance under the normal working condition, the high-temperature strength and the high-temperature corrosion resistance of the zirconium alloy fuel cladding tube cannot meet the requirements for preventing the occurrence of the LOCA accident due to the characteristics of the alloy. Since then, the disadvantage of poor accident tolerance of zirconium alloy fuel cladding tubes has attracted extensive attention in the academic world. China is a large energy consumption country, and for safety reasons, the Fudao accident once caused our country to slow down the footsteps on nuclear power construction. But the need for green energy and the need for environmental protection determine to continue to develop nuclear power vigorously. Most of the nuclear power stations in China are gathered in zones with large economic and developed population, and once a nuclear accident similar to the Fudao event happens, the consequence is unimaginable. Therefore, in order to prevent the accidents, the development of accident-tolerant nuclear fuel cladding tubes (ATF cladding tubes) has important practical significance for improving the nuclear power safety level, optimizing the existing energy layout in China, controlling the atmospheric pollution and the like which are urgently needed to be solved.
The corrosion resistance of the fuel cladding is one of the most important properties for controlling the performance and safety of the nuclear reactor, because corrosion limits the service life of zirconium alloy, and in relation to the safety of the nuclear reactor, zirconium (Zr) alloy has been successfully and widely applied to the nuclear reactor cladding material because of its low thermal neutron absorption cross section, good corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. In order to further improve the safety of the nuclear power plant, namely to achieve the purpose that the zirconium alloy cladding can work for a period of time without fatal damage under the condition of water loss of the water-cooled reactor core, coating a protective layer on the surface of the cladding is a feasible method capable of preventing the accident. At present, the research of the zirconium alloy protective coating is mainly to develop a material with better oxidation and corrosion resistance, the zirconium alloy is replaced by a novel material to be used as an ATF fuel cladding tube, a reactor core assembly needs to be redesigned according to the characteristics of the used material to ensure the normal operation of a reactor, and the problem can not be solved in a short time. Therefore, the researchers of various countries turn the research into the modification of the outer surface of the zirconium alloy fuel cladding tube, so that the prior zirconium alloy fuel cladding tube is suitable for two different working conditions of the conventional accident and the LOCA accident, and is a short-term inscribing effective and economic feasible solution. Unfortunately, it has not been found to date that certain coatings can be well adapted to both normal operating conditions and LOCA accident conditions.
Based on these existing problems, the material of the coating of the ATF fuel cladding is chosen from the point of view of the environment of use. If one coating cannot meet the requirements of two working conditions, the selection of a double-layer coating to switch the ATF fuel cladding to different working conditions is not considered. The conventional working condition and the LOCA accident working condition occur in sequence, the cladding tube works under the conventional working condition under most conditions, and the material (Cr) with excellent corrosion resistance under the conventional working condition is selected as the outer layer coating material, and the material (FeCrAl) with excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance/oxidation resistance is selected as the middle layer coating material to solve the problem.
The plasma spraying remelting technology is a new surface modification technology which is developed along with the development of the thermal spraying technology in the 90 s of the 20 th century, and the selected coating material is quickly prepared on the surface of a substrate in a spraying mode, is melted with the surface layer of the substrate through remelting treatment, and forms a surface coating which has extremely low dilution and is metallurgically combined with the substrate after quick solidification. Compared with surfacing, traditional spraying, electroplating and vapor deposition, the plasma spraying remelting has the advantages of high preparation speed, small dilution, compact structure, good combination of the coating and the matrix, more suitable materials, large particle size and content change and the like, and is suitable for engineering. The plasma spraying automatic remelting technology developed by aged and beautiful yoga of Jiangsu scientific and technical university is further upgrading of the plasma spraying remelting technology, and a wear-resistant coating with excellent performance, high reliability, high repeatability and strong bonding force can be quickly and economically prepared on the surface of a metal matrix by means of optimized parameters and automatic operation of equipment. In the past work, after remelting of a plasma spraying Ni-based alloy coating, the surface of the coating is flat and compact, gaps generated in the spraying process are filled, and the remelted coating (remelted state) is compact, low in porosity and capable of forming a metallurgical bonding layer with strong bonding force between a substrate and the coating. The coating prepared by the plasma spraying technology has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance and excellent binding force. According to the principle of the automatic plasma spraying remelting technology, the technology has wide applicability and can be applied to other metal surface coatings. Therefore, the plasma spray remelting technology is adopted to prepare the surface coating of the ATF cladding tube to resist the LOCA accident risk, and the method has great application potential and industrial value. .
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to prepare a coating which takes remelted FeCrAl as an intermediate layer and Cr as an outer layer on the surface of a zirconium alloy by a plasma spraying technology, thereby effectively solving the problems of water-resistant environmental corrosion of the zirconium alloy under the conventional working condition and high-temperature steam corrosion resistance under the accident working condition, and further improving the safety of the operation of a nuclear reactor.
On one hand, the invention provides a zirconium alloy surface plasma spraying Cr/FeCrAl coating, which comprises an inner coating tightly connected with a matrix and an outer coating combined with an inner layer, wherein the inner coating is a plasma spraying coating formed by FeCrAl subjected to a remelting process, and the outer coating is a pure Cr coating prepared by plasma spraying.
In some embodiments, the inner coating is prepared by:
placing FeCrAl powder with the size of 15-25 microns in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for two hours, pouring the FeCrAl powder into a powder feeding device, placing the pretreated zirconium alloy on spraying equipment, and spraying according to a plasma spraying process;
wherein, the plasma spraying process comprises the following steps:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g.min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 100mm/s, pass: 2;
placing the zirconium alloy with the FeCrAl coating in the spraying state prepared in the step into a spraying device without changing, then closing the powder feeding gas and the powder feeding device, and remelting the FeCrAl layer according to a FeCrAl coating remelting process;
the FeCrAl coating remelting process comprises the following steps:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 50mm, moving speed of a spray gun: 2mm/s, pass: 1.
in some embodiments, the outer coating is prepared by:
placing Cr powder with the size of 30-40 microns in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for two hours, pouring the Cr powder into a powder feeding device, keeping a zirconium alloy matrix with a remelted FeCrAl coating still after remelting is finished, and spraying according to the process of plasma spraying a Cr layer;
the process for plasma spraying the Cr layer comprises the following steps:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g.min-1Current: 550A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 120mm/s, pass: 2.
in some embodiments, the pre-treatment comprises the steps of:
sequentially polishing the zirconium alloy matrix by using 200-mesh, 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh and 1200-mesh sand paper, and then cleaning and blasting the zirconium alloy matrix;
after the powder is put into a spraying device for fixing, the surface of the matrix is heated by plasma flame before spraying under the condition of no powder feeding.
On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation method of a zirconium alloy surface plasma spraying Cr/FeCrAl coating, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the pretreatment method of the zirconium alloy matrix comprises the following steps:
sequentially polishing the zirconium alloy matrix by using 200-mesh, 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh and 1200-mesh sand paper, and then cleaning and blasting the zirconium alloy matrix;
after being put into a spraying device for fixing, the surface of the matrix is heated by plasma flame under the condition of not feeding powder gas or powder before spraying;
(2) plasma spraying process:
drying FeCrAl powder with the size of 15-5 microns in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for two hours, then pouring the dried FeCrAl powder into a powder feeding device, placing the pretreated zirconium alloy on spraying equipment, and spraying the zirconium alloy, wherein the specific parameters are as follows:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow rate 8 L.min-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g.min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 100mm/s, pass: 2.
(3) the FeCrAl coating remelting process comprises the following steps:
after the FeCrAl coating is sprayed, closing the powder feeding device and the airflow, and vertically remelting the FeCrAl coating, wherein the specific parameters are as follows:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogenGas, gas flow 8 L.min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 50mm, moving speed of a spray gun: 2mm/s, pass: 1.
(4) plasma spraying Cr layer on FeCrAl after remelting
After the FeCrAl coating is sprayed, pouring the Cr powder which is dried in an oven at 150 ℃ and has the size of 15-25 microns into a powder feeding device, and opening the powder feeding device for spraying, wherein the specific parameters are as follows:
main qi: argon gas, gas flow 40 L.min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g.min-1Current: 550A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 120mm/s, pass: 2.
has the advantages that:
1. the method can melt the FeCrAl layer and the surface layer of the zirconium alloy matrix simultaneously by carrying out in-situ remelting treatment on the FeCrAl layer through plasma arcs, and forms a surface coating which has extremely low dilution and metallurgical bonding with the matrix after rapid solidification. After remelting, the FeCrAl coating has a flat and compact surface, and gaps generated in the spraying process are filled. The remelted FeCrAl coating (remelted state) is compact, has extremely low porosity and forms a metallurgical bonding layer with strong bonding force between the substrate and the coating;
2. the method of the invention prepares the Cr/FeCrAl (remelting) composite coating which has enough hardness and bonding strength and can resist for more than 20 minutes to one hour under the air at 1200 ℃ on the zirconium alloy, improves the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the Cr/FeCrAl composite coating in a spraying state by remelting plasma flame flow, and improves the resistance time of the Cr/FeCrAl composite coating at 1200 ℃ for at least 20 minutes. In addition, compared with a pure Cr coating and a pure FeCrAl coating prepared on a zirconium alloy matrix, the corrosion resistance of the Cr/FeCrAl (remelting) composite coating at the temperature of 1200 ℃ in air has obvious superiority, the resistance time of the pure Cr coating at the temperature of 1200 ℃ in air is less than 20 minutes, Zr element in the matrix diffuses into Cr and forms ZrO2After being taken into the air in a furnace at 1200 ℃, the zirconium alloy substrate is close to the joint of the coatingCracking occurs. While a pure FeCrAl coating cannot resist for more than 20 minutes at 1200 ℃ in air, the FeCrAl coating is damaged, and ZrO is generated in a matrix2Cracking of the coating and the interior of the substrate occurred after going through the process of being taken to air from a 1200 c furnace.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a section of a Cr/FeCrAl (re-melted) composite coating obtained on the surface of a zirconium alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a cross section of a Cr/FeCrAl (re-melted) composite coating obtained on the surface of a zirconium alloy according to the present invention after being oxidized in air at 1200 ℃ for 20 minutes;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the energy spectrum analysis of the Cr/FeCrAl (re-melted) composite coating obtained on the surface of the zirconium alloy after being oxidized in air at 1200 ℃ for 20 minutes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the performance of the present invention more clearly and are not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a zirconium alloy surface plasma spraying Cr/FeCrAl coating comprises the following steps:
(1) the pretreatment method of the zirconium alloy matrix comprises the following steps:
sequentially polishing the zirconium alloy matrix by using 200-mesh, 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh and 1200-mesh sand paper, and then cleaning and blasting the zirconium alloy matrix;
after being put into a spraying device for fixing, the surface of the matrix is heated by plasma flame under the condition of not feeding powder gas or powder before spraying;
(2) plasma spraying process:
drying FeCrAl powder with the size of 15-5 microns in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for two hours, then pouring the dried FeCrAl powder into a powder feeding device, placing the pretreated zirconium alloy on spraying equipment, and spraying the zirconium alloy, wherein the specific parameters are as follows:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow rate 8Lmin-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g.min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 100mm/s, pass: 2.
(3) the FeCrAl coating remelting process comprises the following steps:
after the FeCrAl coating is sprayed, closing the powder feeding device and the airflow, and vertically remelting the FeCrAl coating, wherein the specific parameters are as follows:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1Assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 50mm, moving speed of a spray gun: 2mm/s, pass: 1.
(4) plasma spraying Cr layer on FeCrAl after remelting
After the FeCrAl coating is sprayed, pouring the Cr powder which is dried in an oven at 150 ℃ and has the size of 15-25 microns into a powder feeding device, and opening the powder feeding device for spraying, wherein the specific parameters are as follows:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g/min-1Current: 550A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 120mm/s, pass: 2.
as can be seen from FIG. 1, the porosity of the FeCrAl layer in the Cr/FeCrAl (remelting) composite coating is about 0.8%, a small amount of holes caused by sand blasting exist between the coating and the zirconium alloy matrix interface, the porosity of the joint of the Cr coating and the FeCrAl coating is about 1.8%, the porosity of the Cr coating is about 1.5%, the coating is well integrated, and no obvious crack defect exists.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a cross section of a Cr/FeCrAl (re-melted) composite coating obtained on the surface of a zirconium alloy after being oxidized in air at 1200 ℃ for 20 minutes, and it can be seen from FIG. 2 that internal cracks of an un-re-melted sprayed Cr layer are expanded to the joint of the Cr coating and the FeCrAl coating under the high-temperature air oxidation effect, no obvious cracks are generated in the re-melted FeCrAl coating, and no obvious change is generated in a zirconium matrix.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the energy spectrum analysis of the Cr/FeCrAl (re-melted) composite coating obtained on the surface of the zirconium alloy after being oxidized in air at 1200 ℃ for 20 minutes, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the oxidation invasion of O element is stopped in the FeCrAl coating after re-melting, the zirconium alloy of the matrix still maintains the original components, and the Cr/FeCrAl (re-melted) composite coating has a comprehensive protection effect on the zirconium alloy.
Example 2:
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the spraying distance in step one is 180mm, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 200 mm/s. Other parameters were the same as in example 1.
Example 3:
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the remelting distance in step two is 70mm, and the pass is 2 passes. Other parameters were the same as in example 1.
Example 4:
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the reflow mode in step two is horizontal reflow. Other parameters were the same as in example 1.
Example 5:
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the spraying distance in step three is 180mm, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 200 mm/s. Other parameters were the same as in example 1.
The above description is only a preferred form of the invention, and it should be noted that it is possible for a person skilled in the art to make several variations and modifications without departing from the inventive concept, and these should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The plasma spraying remelting Cr/FeCrAl coating on the surface of the zirconium alloy is characterized by comprising an inner coating which is tightly connected with a matrix and an outer coating which is combined with an inner layer, wherein the inner coating is a plasma spraying coating which is formed by FeCrAl subjected to a remelting process, and the outer coating is a pure Cr coating prepared by plasma spraying.
2. The zirconium alloy surface plasma spray remelted Cr/FeCrAl coating of claim 1, wherein the inner coating is prepared by the steps of:
placing FeCrAl powder with the size of 15-25 microns in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for two hours, pouring the FeCrAl powder into a powder feeding device, placing the pretreated zirconium alloy on spraying equipment, and spraying according to a plasma spraying process;
wherein, the plasma spraying process comprises the following steps:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow rate 8 L.min-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g.min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 100mm/s, pass: 2;
placing the zirconium alloy with the FeCrAl coating in the spraying state prepared in the step into a spraying device without changing, then closing the powder feeding gas and the powder feeding device, and remelting the FeCrAl layer according to a FeCrAl coating remelting process;
the FeCrAl coating remelting process comprises the following steps:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 50mm, moving speed of a spray gun: 2mm/s, pass: 1.
3. the zirconium alloy surface plasma spray remelted Cr/FeCrAl coating of claim 1, wherein the outer coating is prepared by the steps of:
placing Cr powder with the size of 30-40 microns in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for two hours, pouring the Cr powder into a powder feeding device, keeping a zirconium alloy matrix with a remelted FeCrAl coating still after remelting is finished, and spraying according to the process of plasma spraying a Cr layer;
the process for plasma spraying the Cr layer comprises the following steps:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g.min-1Current: 550A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 120mm/s, pass: 2.
4. a zirconium alloy surface plasma spray remelted Cr/FeCrAl coating according to claim 2, characterized in that the pretreatment comprises the steps of:
sequentially polishing the zirconium alloy matrix by using 200-mesh, 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh and 1200-mesh sand paper, and then cleaning and blasting the zirconium alloy matrix;
after being fixed in a spraying device, the surface of the substrate is heated by plasma flame without feeding powder gas or powder before spraying.
5. A preparation method of a zirconium alloy surface plasma spraying remelting Cr/FeCrAl coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the pretreatment method of the zirconium alloy matrix comprises the following steps:
sequentially polishing the zirconium alloy matrix by using 200-mesh, 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh and 1200-mesh sand paper, and then cleaning and blasting the zirconium alloy matrix;
after the substrate is placed into a spraying device for fixing, the surface of the substrate is heated by plasma flame before spraying under the condition of no powder feeding;
(2) plasma spraying process:
drying FeCrAl powder with the size of 15-5 microns in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for two hours, then pouring the dried FeCrAl powder into a powder feeding device, placing the pretreated zirconium alloy on spraying equipment, and spraying the zirconium alloy, wherein the specific parameters are as follows:
main qi: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1And (3) assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g.min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 100mm/s, pass: 2.
(3) the FeCrAl coating remelting process comprises the following steps:
after the FeCrAl coating is sprayed, closing the powder feeding device and the airflow, and vertically remelting the FeCrAl coating, wherein the specific parameters are as follows:
main qi: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1Assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1Current: 500A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 50mm, moving speed of a spray gun: 2mm/s, pass: 1.
(4) plasma spraying Cr layer on FeCrAl after remelting
After the FeCrAl coating is sprayed, pouring the Cr powder which is dried in an oven at 150 ℃ and has the size of 15-25 microns into a powder feeding device, and opening the powder feeding device for spraying, wherein the specific parameters are as follows:
main gas: argon gas, gas flow 40L min-1Assisting qi: hydrogen gas, gas flow 8L min-1And the gas flow of the powder feeding gas is as follows: 8 L.min-1The powder feeding rate is as follows: 18 g/min-1Current: 550A, voltage: 60V, spray distance: 140mm, moving speed of the spray gun: 120mm/s, pass: 2.
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