CN114538820B - Sprayed concrete rebound inhibition method based on full flow control - Google Patents
Sprayed concrete rebound inhibition method based on full flow control Download PDFInfo
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- CN114538820B CN114538820B CN202210447362.XA CN202210447362A CN114538820B CN 114538820 B CN114538820 B CN 114538820B CN 202210447362 A CN202210447362 A CN 202210447362A CN 114538820 B CN114538820 B CN 114538820B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/10—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the viscosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for suppressing rebound of sprayed concrete based on full-process control, which comprises the following steps: determining the design parameters of the mixing ratio of the sprayed concrete, and establishing a control system of the design parameters of the mixing ratio of the sprayed concrete; determining a rebound inhibition key material of the shotcrete, and adding the rebound inhibition key material into the concrete mixing ratio to obtain the low-rebound shotcrete; determining key technological parameters of the injection construction, establishing a key technological parameter control system of the injection construction, and adopting low-resilience injection concrete to carry out the injection construction. The invention provides a full-flow shotcrete resilience control method covering a mix proportion control system, a resilience inhibition key material and a jet forming key process control system, and by means of the method, the resilience rate of shotcrete construction can be effectively reduced, and the resilience rate of wet shotcrete construction is less than or equal to 10%. The method can be used for the construction process of spraying concrete in railway and highway tunnels, has wide application and is worth popularizing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to a method for inhibiting rebound of sprayed concrete based on full flow control.
Background
The sprayed concrete is special concrete formed by adopting a jet flow mode, and is widely applied to tunnel primary support, slope protection and underground engineering because a template is not required in the forming process. However, compared with the traditional vibration forming, the jet forming process is a unique forming method that the components in the concrete are blown away by high-speed airflow and conveyed to the sprayed surface by air force, and the process causes that aggregates and partial slurry in the concrete cannot be firmly contacted with the slurry and rebound after reaching the sprayed surface, which not only causes waste of raw materials, but also affects the construction progress. With the continuous progress of concrete spraying technology and equipment, sprayed concrete has gradually changed from dry spraying construction to wet spraying construction. In comparison, the wet spraying construction has the characteristics of low rebound rate, good forming quality, small environmental pollution and the like, but the rebound rate of the wet spraying concrete construction under normal construction conditions is generally within the range of 20-30%. The method still does not meet the development requirements of low carbon, energy conservation and emission reduction of the sprayed concrete, and a certain technical means is still required to be provided for effectively controlling the rebound rate of the sprayed concrete construction.
In order to reduce the rebound resilience of sprayed concrete, related researches are carried out in the prior art, for example, chinese patent application CN113511860A discloses a method for reducing the rebound resilience by introducing emulsified asphalt into the sprayed concrete, which realizes the control of the rebound resilience of the sprayed concrete by stirring the concrete containing the emulsified asphalt at a high speed; CN109437722A discloses a low-resilience high-early-strength wet-spraying concrete, which realizes the control of the resilience of the sprayed concrete by introducing high-strength ultramicro additives (micro silicon powder and the like); CN111377638A discloses a liquid alkali-free accelerator for improving the cohesiveness of sprayed concrete, which is characterized in that a modifying material is introduced into the accelerator to improve the cohesiveness of the sprayed concrete, thereby reducing the rebound rate; CN111320408A discloses a nano high-strength shotcrete reinforcing agent, which reduces the rebound rate of shotcrete construction by introducing functional materials such as cellulose nanofiber, steel fiber and the like. However, most of the existing researches are regulated and controlled from the perspective of using key functional materials, only the problem of reducing the rebound rate of the sprayed concrete is considered from a single angle and a single factor, various factors influencing the rebound in the construction process of the sprayed concrete cannot be comprehensively considered, and the effect is not ideal. Accordingly, there is a need for systematic improvements to existing shotcrete rebound techniques.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and effectively reduce the rebound rate of shotcrete construction, the invention aims to provide a full-flow shotcrete rebound control method covering a mix proportion control system, a key functional material and a jet forming key process control system, the method can effectively reduce the rebound rate of shotcrete construction of railway and highway tunnels, and the rebound rate of wet shotcrete construction is less than or equal to 10%.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention firstly provides a method for restraining rebound of sprayed concrete based on full flow control, which comprises the following steps:
determining the design parameters of the mixing ratio of the sprayed concrete, and establishing a control system of the design parameters of the mixing ratio of the sprayed concrete;
determining a rebound inhibition key material of the shotcrete, and adding the rebound inhibition key material into the concrete mixing ratio to obtain the low-rebound shotcrete;
determining key technological parameters of the injection construction, establishing a key technological parameter control system of the injection construction, and adopting low-resilience injection concrete to carry out the injection construction.
In some embodiments, the shotcrete mix design parameters include material parameters:
the dosage of the cementing material is 480-530 kg/m 3
The water-to-glue ratio is 0.35-0.40
The sand rate is more than or equal to 60 percent.
In some embodiments, the shotcrete mix design parameters further include workability parameters, the workability parameters being:
slump of 200-220 mm
Plastic viscosity 300-350 Pa.s
The yield stress is 200-260 Pa.
In some embodiments, the rebound inhibition key material is composed of a thickening component a, an early strength component B, a water reducing component C, and water, in parts by weight:
component A20
B component 60
C component 100
And water 820.
In some embodiments, the amount of the rebound inhibition key material is 7-9% of the amount of the cementing material in the sprayed concrete.
In some embodiments, the thickening component a is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a molecular weight of not less than 10 ten thousand; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the early strength component B is a mixture of triethanolamine and sodium sulfate, and the weight ratio of the triethanolamine to the sodium sulfate is as follows: sodium sulfate = 3: 7; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the water reducing component C is polycarboxylate superplasticizer powder, and the water reducing rate is not lower than 35%.
In some embodiments, the jetting construction key process parameters include construction parameters, and the construction parameters are:
injection angle 90 ° ± 5 °
The injection wind pressure is 0.8-1.0 MPa
The spraying distance is 1.5-2.0 m.
In some embodiments, the key process parameters for spray construction further include auxiliary additive parameters, and the auxiliary additive parameters are as follows:
the amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6-8%, or
The dosage of the alkaline accelerator is 3-5%.
The invention also provides low-resilience shotcrete for the shotcrete resilience inhibition method.
In some embodiments, consisting of shotcrete and a rebound-inhibiting key material, wherein:
the design parameters of the sprayed concrete mixing proportion are as follows:
the dosage of the cementing material is 480-530 kg/m 3
The water-to-glue ratio is 0.35-0.40
The sand rate is more than or equal to 60 percent
Slump of 200-220 mm
Plastic viscosity 300-350 Pa.s
Yield stress of 200-260 Pa
The key material for suppressing the rebound comprises a thickening component A, an early strength component B, a water reducing component C and water, and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
component A20
B component 60
C component 100
Water 820
And the dosage of the springback inhibition key material is 7-9% of the dosage of the cementing material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a sprayed concrete rebound inhibition method based on full flow control, which starts from the design parameters of the mix proportion of sprayed concrete, key functional materials and construction key process parameters, considers the rebound inhibition of the sprayed concrete in the full flow, and achieves the effect of remarkably reducing the rebound rate of the sprayed concrete construction, wherein the rebound rate of the sprayed concrete construction is less than or equal to 10 percent; the method can be used for the construction process of spraying concrete in railway and highway tunnels, effectively reduces the construction resilience rate, has wide application and is worthy of popularization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary and that other implementation drawings may be derived from the drawings provided to one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, shall fall within the scope covered by the technical contents disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a test mold for shotcrete rebound testing according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shotcrete test illustrating a shotcrete rebound test;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the spraying results of the shotcrete rebound test;
FIG. 4 illustrates a rebound material collection diagram for a shotcrete rebound test;
fig. 5 is a graph schematically illustrating simulation comparison of the rebound restraining effect of the shotcrete rebound test.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "comprises/comprising," "consisting of … …," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product, apparatus, process, or method if desired. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising/including … …," "consisting of … …," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a product, device, process, or method that comprises the element.
It is to be understood that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that any suitable arrangement may be utilized and that any suitable connection, whether permanent or removable, or integral, may be utilized; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
It will be further understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "center," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing and simplifying the invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device, component, or structure being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, or be operated in a particular manner, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The following describes the implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to preferred embodiments.
The high rebound rate of the sprayed concrete construction is the key for influencing the construction of railway and highway tunnels, and the construction rebound rate is reduced by introducing key functional materials in the prior art. However, the key functional materials often have poor stability of construction effect in the field application process, i.e. the rebound rates of the sprayed concrete at different construction sites and different constructors are different. Research finds that the essential reason for the problems is that the sprayed concrete is special concrete formed by adopting a jet flow mode, besides functional materials, the mix proportion design parameters and the key process parameters of the jet flow forming are also important factors influencing the construction rebound rate, and the existing patents and research are not related.
In view of this, in order to reduce the rebound rate of the shotcrete construction, it is not enough to introduce a key material, and the invention provides a full-process rebound inhibition method covering design parameters of mix proportion, construction key parameters and key functional materials.
The invention relates to a method for restraining the rebound of sprayed concrete based on full flow control, which comprises the following steps:
determining the design parameters of the mixing ratio of the sprayed concrete, and establishing a control system of the design parameters of the mixing ratio of the sprayed concrete;
determining a key material for rebound inhibition of the shotcrete, and adding the key material for rebound inhibition into the concrete mixing ratio to obtain the low-rebound shotcrete;
determining key technological parameters of the injection construction, establishing a key technological parameter control system of the injection construction, and adopting low-resilience injection concrete to carry out the injection construction.
In some embodiments, the shotcrete mix design parameters include material parameters, the material parameters being:
the dosage of the cementing material is 480-530 kg/m 3
The water-to-glue ratio is 0.35-0.40
The sand rate is more than or equal to 60 percent.
It will be readily appreciated that the cementitious material may be cement, or other commonly used construction cementitious materials. The proper amount of the cementing material can obtain better adhesive force, so that the sprayed concrete is easier to adhere to the sprayed surface.
In addition, the sand ratio, i.e., the mass ratio of sand to gravel, i.e., coarse and fine aggregates, is not a key indicator for controlling springback in the present invention. After the dosage of the cementing material is known, the water-gel ratio and the sand rate are determined, and the dosage of the sand and the stones can be calculated by adopting a volume method or a mass method.
In some embodiments, the shotcrete mix design parameters further include workability parameters, the workability parameters being:
slump of 200-220 mm
Plastic viscosity 300-350 Pa.s
The yield stress is 200-260 Pa.
Three parameters of slump, plastic viscosity and yield stress are workability parameters of sprayed concrete and are key factors influencing rebound, specifically:
the slump is a key macroscopic parameter of engineering field control, and the test is simple and easy to control; when the slump is too high, the concrete is too thin, and the concrete can flow downwards when sprayed on a sprayed surface, even if an accelerating agent is added; and if the slump is too low, the concrete is not easy to pump and construct and cannot be sprayed.
The plastic viscosity is a rheological parameter of concrete, describes the viscosity and cohesion of concrete, and can ensure that slurry can stick to stones after reaching a sprayed surface within a reasonable range so as to reduce resilience, so the plastic viscosity of the concrete is mainly considered so as to improve the effect of controlling the resilience.
The yield stress is another rheological parameter of the concrete, and is a force value when the slurry starts to flow after being subjected to the shearing force, the yield stress has a proper range through tests, and theoretically, the larger the yield stress is, the more the concrete is stuck after reaching a sprayed surface, the concrete is not easy to flow down. However, both pumping and spraying operations are required, so that the yield stress of concrete should be considered with emphasis on improving the effect of controlling the rebound.
Based on the research, the design parameters of the mix proportion of the sprayed concrete are designed from two aspects of material parameters and workability parameters of the sprayed concrete, particularly from three aspects of the workability parameters, and the three workability parameters of slump, plastic viscosity and yield stress are introduced into the whole full-flow restraining system from the consideration of the material parameters of the concrete so as to achieve a better effect of restraining the rebound.
In some embodiments, the rebound inhibition key material is a liquid rebound inhibitor for shotcrete, which is composed of a thickening component A, an early strength component B, a water reducing component C and water, and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
component A20
B component 60
C component 100
And water 820.
In some embodiments, experiments prove that the dosage of the rebound inhibition key material is preferably 7-9% of the dosage of the cementing material in the sprayed concrete.
Thickening component A may employ suitable thickeners which function to adjust the rheology, i.e. the plastic viscosity and yield stress, of the shotcrete, the effect of which is as described previously.
In some embodiments, thickening component a is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a molecular weight of no less than 10 ten thousand;
the thickening component A is cellulose ether, so that the rheological property of concrete can be effectively adjusted, the reasonable mixing amount is 1.5 thousandth of the total amount of the cementing material, when the sprayed concrete cementing material is 500kg, 0.75kg of the thickening component A needs to be used, and about 35-45 kg of the functional material is used for the sprayed concrete according to the condition that the using amount of the functional material accounts for 7-9% of the cementing material, so that the thickening component A accounts for 2% of the mass of the functional material, and a better expected effect can be obtained.
The early strength component B can adopt a proper early strength agent, and the effect of the early strength agent is to improve the early strength of the sprayed concrete after reaching the sprayed surface, so that the concrete sprayed to the sprayed surface in front cannot be blown off by the concrete sprayed continuously in the back or the wind pressure of the concrete, and the rebound is reduced.
In some embodiments, the early strength component B is a mixture of triethanolamine and sodium sulfate, and the weight ratio of triethanolamine: sodium sulfate = 3: 7;
the early strength component B adopts an early strength agent consisting of triethanolamine and sodium sulfate, and the early strength agent is introduced to prevent the concrete bonded on the sprayed surface in the prior process from being blown off by wind. The early strength agent usually accounts for 0.5-0.8% of the total mass of the concrete cementing material, the early strength effect is more obvious, and the concrete slump retention time is shorter. Therefore, in combination with the application of the invention, the lower limit of the early strength agent is 0.5%, the early strength agent is required to be about 2.5kg in total according to 500kg of the total gelled material, and the early strength agent accounts for about 6% of the mass ratio of the functional material, so that a better expected effect can be obtained.
The water reducing component C can adopt a proper water reducing agent, and has the function of adjusting the slump of sprayed concrete so as to meet the requirement of low-resilience spraying.
In some embodiments, the water reducing component C is polycarboxylic acid high efficiency water reducing agent powder, and the water reducing rate is not lower than 35%.
The water reducing component C adopts a polycarboxylate superplasticizer for adjusting slump, the dosage of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is about 0.8 percent of the total amount of the cementing material when the water reducing rate of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is 35 percent, 4kg is probably needed, and the water reducing agent accounts for about 10 percent of the functional material according to 35-45 kg of the functional material used by spraying concrete per cubic meter, so that a better expected effect can be obtained.
Obviously, the invention uses the rebound inhibition key material, and tests prove that proper proportioning design of each component is selected to adjust the workability parameters of the sprayed concrete, so that the workability parameters of plastic viscosity, yield stress and slump reach design values to meet the requirement of low rebound spraying.
It is to be understood that the above specific ingredients are only one preferred example of the present invention and that other possible thickening components, early strength components, and water reducing components are readily envisioned by those skilled in the art.
In some embodiments, the jet construction key process parameters include construction parameters, the construction parameters being:
injection angle 90 ° ± 5 °
The injection wind pressure is 0.8-1.0 MPa
The spraying distance is 1.5-2.0 m.
Research finds that the rebound of sprayed concrete is essentially the momentum transfer problem of aggregate and slurry in the concrete, so that all factors influencing the speed v and the quality m of the aggregate or the slurry reaching the sprayed surface influence the rebound. Factors influencing the velocity v mainly include jet air pressure and distance, overlarge air pressure, overlarge momentum and too much rebound; the undersize wind pressure can cause insufficient jetting momentum, and the jetted material directly falls off or even blocks the pipe. The spraying distance is too large, the speed is low when the spraying surface is reached, and aggregates and slurry cannot be completely attached; when the distance is too small, the velocity is too high when the jet-receiving surface is reached, and the rebound is increased. The spraying angle influences the agglomeration property of the slurry when the slurry reaches a sprayed surface, and the slurry in the concrete is concentrated at the spraying position during vertical spraying, so that the injection and the adhesion of aggregate are facilitated; when the spraying angle is too large, the slurry is dispersed, so that the injection of the aggregate is not facilitated, and the rebound rate is increased. Therefore, the invention researches three key parameters which influence the rebound rate, namely the injection angle, the wind pressure and the distance when the concrete is injected, obtains the optimal value range of each parameter through a large number of tests and principle analysis, and achieves the optimal rebound inhibition effect by the injection angle, the wind pressure and the distance which are as suitable as possible.
In some embodiments, the key process parameters for spray construction further include auxiliary admixture parameters, the auxiliary admixture parameters are:
the amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6-8%, or
The dosage of the alkaline accelerator is 3-5%.
In actual engineering, the spraying construction can use either an alkali-free accelerator or an alkaline accelerator, the use amount of the alkali-free accelerator is mainly used, the application working condition of the alkaline accelerator is less, the alkaline accelerator can not be used, and the alkaline accelerator can be used together with the alkali-free accelerator.
The invention also provides low-resilience shotcrete for the shotcrete resilience inhibiting method.
In some embodiments, the low-rebound shotcrete is comprised of shotcrete and a rebound-inhibiting key material, wherein:
the design parameters of the sprayed concrete mixing proportion are as follows:
the dosage of the cementing material is 480-530 kg/m 3
The water-to-glue ratio is 0.35-0.40
The sand rate is more than or equal to 60 percent
Slump of 200-220 mm
Plastic viscosity 300-350 Pa.s
Yield stress of 200-260 Pa
The key material for suppressing the rebound comprises a thickening component A, an early strength component B, a water reducing component C and water, and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
component A20
B component 60
C component 100
Water 820
And the dosage of the key material for suppressing the rebound is 7-9% of the dosage of the cementing material.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the practice and rebound-inhibiting effect of the present invention.
Example 1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 2-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 420kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
examples 2 to 2
Sprayed concrete mix proportion miningControlled with the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 590kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 3-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.45, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and the component B comprises: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 3-2
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.30, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 4-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 70%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 4 to 2
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 45%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 5-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 180mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
examples 5 and 2
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 240mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 6-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 230 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100：820。
Example 6 to 2
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 380 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 7-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.40, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 110 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 7-2
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.40, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 290 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 8-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-to-rubber ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 Pa.s, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 80 degrees, the spraying wind pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the rebound inhibiting material used has the following massThe preparation method comprises the following steps: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 8 to 2
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 100 degrees, the spraying wind pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 9-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying wind pressure is 0.6MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 9-2
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying wind pressure is 1.2MPa, the spraying distance is 1.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 10-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.40, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the injection angle is 90 degrees, the injection wind pressure is 0.8MPa, the injection distance is 1.0m, and the alkali-free rapid hardening is realizedThe dosage of the agent is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 10-2
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.40, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 2.5m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 11-1
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 2.0m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 4 percent; the rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and (C) component: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
example 11-2
The mixing proportion of the sprayed concrete is controlled by the following parameters: the dosage of the cementing material is 500kg/m 3 The water-gel ratio is 0.35, the sand rate is 60%, the slump is 200mm, the plastic viscosity is 300 pas, and the yield stress is 200 Pa; the technological parameters in the jetting construction process are as follows: the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying air pressure is 0.8MPa, the spraying distance is 2.0m, and the using amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 10 percent; the adopted rebound inhibiting material is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: and B component: and C, component C: water = 20: 60: 100: 820.
the injection rebound test is carried out by adopting the proportioning design and the process parameters of the embodiments, as shown in figures 1-3, the rebound material is collected after the injection test is finished, and as shown in figure 4, the rebound rate of the injection concrete of each embodiment is counted.
The parameter design of each example and the measured rebound resilience of different shotcretes are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 design of parameters and statistical table of shotcrete rebound rate
| Examples | Cementitious Material kg/m 3 | Water to glue ratio | Sand rate | Slump mm | Plastic viscosity Pa s | Yield stress Pa | Angle of spray | Jet wind pressure MPa | Jet distance m | Alkali-free accelerator | Rebound resilience |
| 1 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 5.5% |
| 2-1 | 420 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 16.7% |
| 2-2 | 590 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 17.2% |
| 3-1 | 500 | 0.45 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 18.3% |
| 3-2 | 500 | 0.30 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 15.9% |
| 4-1 | 500 | 0.35 | 70% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 3.6% |
| 4-2 | 500 | 0.35 | 45% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 16.4% |
| 5-1 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 180 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 13.7% |
| 5-2 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 240 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 16.5% |
| 6-1 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 230 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 22.6% |
| 6-2 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 380 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 19.6% |
| 7-1 | 500 | 0.40 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 110 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 27.8% |
| 7-2 | 500 | 0.40 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 290 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 22.7% |
| 8-1 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 80° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 20.4% |
| 8-2 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 100° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 6% | 21.9% |
| 9-1 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.6 | 1.5 | 6% | 17.2% |
| 9-2 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 1.2 | 1.5 | 6% | 19.3% |
| 10-1 | 500 | 0.40 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.0 | 6% | 21.6% |
| 10-2 | 500 | 0.40 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 2.5 | 6% | 27.9% |
| 11-1 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 4% | 38.7% |
| 11-2 | 500 | 0.35 | 60% | 200 | 300 | 200 | 90° | 0.8 | 1.5 | 10% | 31.9% |
From the above parameter design and the statistical table of the rebound rate of the shotcrete, it can be seen from example 1 that when the concrete is prepared and constructed according to the technical control index system provided by the present invention, the rebound rate of the shotcrete construction can be controlled within 10% (only 5.5%), and the rebound inhibition effect is good, as shown in fig. 5.
As can be seen by comparing examples 1 and 2-1/2-2, the amount of the binder used was reduced or increased (420 kg/m) 3 ，590kg/m 3 ) And the spraying rebound rate is greatly increased (reaching 16.7 percent and 17.2 percent), and the figure 5 shows that too little or too much cementing material is not favorable for inhibiting the rebound, the concrete sprayed by too low cementing material is not easy to adhere, and the concrete sprayed by too high cementing material is not easy to pump and spray for construction.
It is understood from the comparison of examples 1 and 3-1/3-2 that the rebound resilience of the shotcrete is greatly increased (to 18.3%) with an increase in the water-cement ratio (0.45), i.e., with an increase in the amount of water, and is also greatly increased (to 15.9%) with a decrease in the water-cement ratio (0.30), i.e., with a decrease in the amount of water, indicating that too thin and too thick shotcrete is not preferable for suppressing the rebound.
Comparing examples 1 and 4-1/4-2, it can be seen that the injection rebound resilience is further reduced (only 3.6%) with the increase of the sand ratio in the mix proportion (70%), and is greatly increased (up to 16.4%) with the unreasonable decrease of the sand ratio (45%), which indicates that the proportion of sand and stone in the concrete mix proportion is important for controlling the rebound;
comparing example 1 and 5-1/5-2, it can be seen that when the slump of the sprayed concrete is not in a reasonable range (180 mm, 240 mm), the rebound rate of the spraying construction is significantly increased (13.7%, 16.5%), which indicates that the slump is too small, the concrete is not easy to pump, the spraying effect is not good, the slump is too large, the concrete is too thin and not easy to adhere to, and the control of the rebound is directly caused.
Comparing examples 1 and 6-1/6-2, it can be seen that when the plastic viscosity of the shotcrete mixture is reduced (230 Pa · s), the rebound rate of the shotcrete is significantly increased (up to 22.6%), which indicates that the plastic viscosity of the mixture is too low, the slurry has a weak bonding effect on the stone after reaching the sprayed surface, and the stone is easily rebounded, and when the plastic viscosity of the shotcrete mixture is too high (380 Pa · s), the rebound rate of the shotcrete is also higher (up to 19.6%), which indicates that the plastic viscosity of the mixture is too high, the concrete is not easy to pump and construct, and the spraying effect is not good.
Comparing examples 1 and 7-1/7-2, it can be seen that when the yield stress of the shotcrete mixture is reduced (110 Pa), the rebound rate of the shotcrete is significantly increased (up to 27.8%), which indicates that when the yield stress of the mixture is too low, the material will flow down after reaching the sprayed surface although the material is stuck by stones, and the rebound rate is higher, and when the yield stress of the shotcrete mixture is increased (290 Pa), the rebound rate of the shotcrete is also significantly increased (up to 22.7%), which indicates that when the yield stress of the mixture is too high, the mixture is not easy to pump and spray and the rebound rate is higher.
Comparing examples 1 and 8-1/8-2, it can be seen that the rebound rate of the spray is significantly increased (20.4%, 21.9%) when the spray angle is inappropriate (80 °, 110 °), indicating that the spray angle substantially perpendicular to the sprayed surface is also important to reduce the rebound rate, and the downward inclination or upward inclination of the nozzle is not good for the adhesion of the material on the sprayed surface.
Comparing examples 1 and 9-1/9-2, it can be known that when the air pressure of the injection construction is not in a reasonable range (0.6 MPa, 1.2 MPa), the construction resilience rate can be remarkably increased (17.2%, 19.3%) no matter the air pressure is increased or decreased, which indicates that the reasonable injection air pressure is directly related to the reduction of the resilience rate, the ejection speed of the material with low air pressure is low, the adhesion force given to the material is weak, and the material is bounced due to too high air pressure.
Comparing examples 1 and 10-1/10-2, it can be seen that when the spray application distance is not within a reasonable range (1.0 m, 2.5 m), the application resilience rate is significantly increased (21.6%, 27.9%) no matter the spray application distance is increased or decreased, which indicates that too close or too far spray application distance is not good for reducing the resilience, too close materials are easy to bounce, too far materials reach the sprayed surface with low speed, and the adhesion is weak.
Comparing examples 1 and 11-1/11-2, it can be seen that when the amount of the alkali-free setting accelerator is reduced or increased (4%, 10%), the construction resilience is significantly increased (38.7%, 31.9%), which indicates that when the amount of the alkali-free setting accelerator is too small, the shotcrete slurry still has fluidity after reaching the sprayed surface, and stone is further prevented from being bonded, so that the resilience is large; when the amount of the accelerator is too large, the slurry completely loses fluidity, and stones are difficult to inject into the slurry, so that larger aggregate resilience is caused.
In conclusion, the invention provides the full-flow shotcrete resilience control method covering the mix proportion control system, the key materials and the jet forming key process control system, which can effectively reduce the resilience rate of shotcrete construction of railway and highway tunnels, realize that the resilience rate of wet shotcrete construction does not exceed 10 percent, basically keep the construction at the level of single digit, greatly improve and promote the existing shotcrete resilience control technology, and is worthy of engineering application and popularization.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described preferred embodiments may be freely combined, superimposed, without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for suppressing rebound of sprayed concrete based on full flow control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the design parameters of the mixing ratio of the sprayed concrete, including material parameters and workability parameters, and establishing a control system of the design parameters of the mixing ratio of the sprayed concrete;
the material parameters are as follows:
the dosage of the cementing material is 480-530 Kg/m 3
The water-to-glue ratio is 0.35-0.40
The sand rate is more than or equal to 60 percent;
the workability parameters are:
slump of 200-220 mm
Plastic viscosity 300-350 Pa.s
Yield stress is 200-260 Pa;
determining a rebound inhibition key material of the shotcrete, and adding the rebound inhibition key material into the concrete mixing ratio to obtain the low-rebound shotcrete;
the key material for suppressing the rebound consists of a thickening component A, an early strength component B, a water reducing component C and water, and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
component A20
B component 60
C component 100
Water 820;
the dosage of the springback inhibition key material is 7-9% of the dosage of the cementing material in the sprayed concrete;
the thickening component A is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and the molecular weight is not less than 10 ten thousand;
determining key technological parameters of the injection construction, establishing a key technological parameter control system of the injection construction, and adopting low-resilience injection concrete to carry out injection construction;
the key technological parameters of the injection construction comprise construction parameters which are as follows:
jet angle 90 degree plus or minus 5 degree
The injection wind pressure is 0.8-1.0 MPa
The spraying distance is 1.5-2.0 m;
the key technological parameters of the spraying construction further comprise auxiliary additive parameters which are as follows:
the amount of the alkali-free accelerator is 6-8%, or
The dosage of the alkaline accelerator is 3-5%.
2. The shotcrete rebound suppression method according to claim 1, wherein:
the early strength component B is a mixture of triethanolamine and sodium sulfate, and the weight ratio of the triethanolamine to the sodium sulfate is as follows: sodium sulfate = 3: 7.
3. the shotcrete rebound suppression method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the water reducing component C is polycarboxylate superplasticizer powder, and the water reducing rate is not lower than 35%.
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