CN114538393B - Automatic control system for nitric acid purification - Google Patents
Automatic control system for nitric acid purification Download PDFInfo
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- CN114538393B CN114538393B CN202210207095.9A CN202210207095A CN114538393B CN 114538393 B CN114538393 B CN 114538393B CN 202210207095 A CN202210207095 A CN 202210207095A CN 114538393 B CN114538393 B CN 114538393B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/38—Nitric acid
- C01B21/46—Purification; Separation ; Stabilisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
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- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic control system for nitric acid purification. The system comprises: the nitric acid purifying device is used for purifying the concentrated nitric acid to be purified to obtain purified nitric acid; the nitric acid supply device is communicated with the nitric acid purification device and is used for supplying concentrated nitric acid to the nitric acid purification device in real time; the nitric acid storage device is communicated with the nitric acid purification device and is used for storing purified nitric acid; the control cabinet is respectively connected with the nitric acid purifying device, the nitric acid supplying device and the nitric acid storing device and is used for controlling the nitric acid supplying device to automatically supply concentrated nitric acid to the nitric acid purifying device in real time, controlling the nitric acid purifying device to purify the nitric acid, and controlling the nitric acid storing device to store the purified nitric acid in real time; the invention is automatically controlled in the whole course, does not need to participate in manual work, saves the cost and ensures the safety of operators.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nitric acid purification in chemical production, in particular to an automatic control system for nitric acid purification.
Background
In chemical production, concentrated nitric acid cannot be directly applied to specific products due to insufficient purity, and diluted nitric acid with different required concentrations is prepared after the concentrated nitric acid is purified and then applied to the production of the specific products. The existing nitric acid purifying equipment process mainly comprises the steps of placing concentrated nitric acid into a rectifying column through a high-level tank and valve control, and achieving the purpose of purifying nitric acid through heating wires for evaporative cooling. The process equipment is simple to operate, and mainly controls the valves, the liquid level and the heating condition of the purifying equipment manually, so that a great amount of manpower is wasted, a certain danger exists when the process equipment is directly operated manually, the process equipment is not suitable for continuous production, and accidents are easy to be caused when operators are not on site. Moreover, since the temperature of the evaporator is not controlled, a large amount of electric energy is wasted, and the cost is further increased. In addition, the system has the defects that abnormality can not be timely alarmed and the like when in operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic control system for purifying nitric acid, which is automatically controlled in the whole process, is simple and easy to operate, does not need to be manually participated, saves cost and ensures the safety of operators.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
an automatic control system for purifying nitric acid, comprising:
the nitric acid purifying device is used for purifying the concentrated nitric acid to be purified to obtain purified nitric acid;
the nitric acid supply device is communicated with the nitric acid purification device and is used for supplying concentrated nitric acid to the nitric acid purification device in real time;
the nitric acid storage device is communicated with the nitric acid purification device and is used for storing purified nitric acid;
the control cabinet is respectively connected with the nitric acid purifying device, the nitric acid supplying device and the nitric acid storing device and is used for controlling the nitric acid supplying device to automatically supply concentrated nitric acid to the nitric acid purifying device in real time, controlling the nitric acid purifying device to purify the nitric acid, and controlling the nitric acid storing device to store the purified nitric acid in real time.
Optionally, the nitric acid supply device includes: the device comprises a concentrated nitric acid elevated tank, a first total pipeline, a first magnetic flap liquid level meter, a pipeline, a stop valve, a bypass valve and an electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump;
the concentrated nitric acid overhead tank is communicated with one end of the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump through the pipeline, the first magnetic flap liquid level meter is arranged on the concentrated nitric acid overhead tank, and the stop valve is arranged on the pipeline; the other end of the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump is communicated with the nitric acid purifying device through the first total pipeline; the bypass valve is arranged on the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump; the control cabinet is respectively connected with the first magnetic flap liquid level meter, the stop valve, the bypass valve and the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump, and is used for monitoring the liquid level value of the first magnetic flap liquid level meter in real time and controlling the opening and closing states of the stop valve, the bypass valve and the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump.
Optionally, the nitric acid purifying apparatus comprises: the system comprises a bypass pipe, a rectifying tower, an evaporator, a preheater, a cooler, a cooling tower, a second magnetic flap level meter, a second main pipeline, a third main pipeline, a fourth main pipeline, a pressure gauge, a circulating water pump and a residual liquid valve;
the first liquid inlet of the preheater is communicated with the nitric acid supply device through the first main pipeline;
the second liquid inlet of the preheater is communicated with one end of the rectifying tower, and the other end of the rectifying tower is communicated with the upper interface of the evaporator;
the first liquid outlet of the preheater is communicated with the lower interface of the evaporator through the second main pipeline, the second main pipeline is also communicated with the side pipe, and the side pipe is provided with the second magnetic flap liquid level meter and the residual liquid valve;
the second liquid outlet of the preheater is communicated with the third liquid inlet of the cooler;
the third liquid outlet of the cooler is communicated with the nitric acid storage device;
the fourth liquid inlet of the cooler is communicated with the cooling tower through the third main pipeline; the fourth liquid outlet of the cooler is communicated with the cooling tower through a fourth main pipeline, and the fourth main pipeline is provided with the pressure gauge and the circulating water pump;
the control cabinet is respectively connected with the evaporator, the second magnetic flap liquid level meter, the residual liquid valve, the pressure gauge, the circulating water pump and the cooling tower, and is used for monitoring the liquid level value of the second magnetic flap liquid level meter and the cooling water pressure of the pressure gauge in real time, controlling the opening and closing of the residual liquid valve, the on-off of the circulating water pump and the cooling tower and controlling the heating temperature of the evaporator.
Optionally, the nitric acid storage device comprises: the finished product tank, a fifth main pipeline, a third magnetic flap level meter and an overhaul valve;
the finished product tank is communicated with the nitric acid purifying device through the fifth main pipeline, the third magnetic flap liquid level meter is arranged on the finished product tank, and the maintenance valve is arranged on the fifth main pipeline;
the control cabinet is used for monitoring the liquid level value of the third magnetic flap liquid level meter in real time and controlling the opening and closing of the overhaul valve.
Optionally, the automatic control system for purifying nitric acid further comprises: and the waste liquid tank is communicated with the bypass pipe and is used for recovering waste liquid remained in the evaporator after the system stops working.
Optionally, an electric heating wire is arranged in the evaporator, an insulation layer is arranged on the outer wall of the electric heating wire, and a temperature sensor is arranged between the insulation layer and the outer wall of the electric heating wire;
the control cabinet is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the electric heating wire and is used for controlling the heating temperature of the electric heating wire according to the temperature signal of the temperature sensor.
Optionally, the control cabinet includes: a PLC controller and a temperature control module;
the PLC is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the temperature control module, and is used for receiving a temperature signal of the temperature sensor and sending a temperature control instruction to the temperature control module according to the temperature signal;
the temperature control module is connected with the electric heating wire and used for controlling the on-off state of the controllable silicon in the internal circuit to change the voltage at two ends of the electric heating wire according to the temperature control instruction of the PLC so as to realize the temperature control of the evaporator.
Optionally, the first magnetic flap level gauge is provided with three level control points of high level, medium level and low level.
Optionally, the second magnetic flap level gauge is provided with two liquid level control points of high level and low level.
Optionally, the third magnetic flap level gauge is provided with a first high position and a second high position.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the control cabinet automatically controls the opening and closing states of the valves, automatically monitors the liquid level values of the concentrated nitric acid elevated tank, the finished product tank and the evaporator, automatically monitors the cooling water pressure of the pressure gauge, is automatic in the whole process, has a simple and easy-to-operate control system, does not need a large amount of manual participation, saves the cost, and ensures the safety of operators. Meanwhile, the control cabinet automatically controls the temperature of the evaporator, so that the electric charge is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nitric acid purification automatic control system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a preheater and a cooler in the automatic control system for purifying nitric acid according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rectifying tower and an evaporator in the automatic control system for purifying nitric acid according to the present invention.
Symbol description:
1-concentrated nitric acid overhead tank, 2-control cabinet, 3-waste liquid tank, 4-rectifying tower, 5-evaporator, 501-electric heating wire, 502-temperature sensor, 6-preheater, 601-first inlet, 602-first outlet, 603-second inlet, 604-second outlet, 605-first inner layer pipe, 606-first outer layer pipe, 7-cooler, 701-second inner layer pipe, 702-second outer layer pipe, 703-third inlet, 704-third outlet, 705-fourth inlet, 706-fourth outlet, 8-finished product tank, 9-cooling tower, 10-first magnetic flap level gauge, 11-second magnetic flap level gauge, 12-third magnetic flap level gauge, 13-pipe, 14-first main pipe, 15-second main pipe, 16-third main pipe, 17-fourth main pipe, 18-fifth main pipe, 19-side pipe, 20-bypass valve, 21-electromagnetic diaphragm, 22-23-24-pressure gauge, 25-water pump, shutoff valve, and maintenance valve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide an automatic control system for purifying nitric acid, which is automatically controlled in the whole process, is simple and easy to operate, does not need to be manually participated, saves cost and ensures the safety of operators.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nitric acid purification automatic control system in an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the automatic control system for purifying nitric acid of the present invention comprises: nitric acid purification device, nitric acid supply device, nitric acid storage device and switch board 2.
Specifically, the nitric acid purifying device is used for purifying concentrated nitric acid to be purified to obtain purified nitric acid; the nitric acid supply device is communicated with the nitric acid purification device and is used for supplying concentrated nitric acid to the nitric acid purification device in real time; the nitric acid storage device is communicated with the nitric acid purification device and is used for storing purified nitric acid; the control cabinet 2 is respectively connected with the nitric acid purifying device, the nitric acid supplying device and the nitric acid storing device, and the control cabinet 2 is used for controlling the nitric acid supplying device to automatically supply concentrated nitric acid to the nitric acid purifying device in real time, controlling the nitric acid purifying device to purify the nitric acid, and controlling the nitric acid storing device to store purified nitric acid in real time.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the nitric acid supply device comprises a concentrated nitric acid head tank 1, a first main pipeline 14, a first magnetic flap level gauge 10, a pipeline 13, a stop valve 22, a bypass valve 20 and an electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump 21.
Specifically, the concentrated nitric acid overhead tank 1 is communicated with one end of the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump 21 through the pipeline 13, the first magnetic flap level gauge 10 is arranged on the concentrated nitric acid overhead tank 1, and the stop valve 22 is arranged on the pipeline 13; the other end of the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump 21 is communicated with the nitric acid purifying device through the first main pipeline 13; the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump 21 is provided with the bypass valve 20; the control cabinet 2 is respectively connected with the first magnetic flap liquid level meter 10, the stop valve 22, the bypass valve 20 and the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump 21, and the control cabinet 2 is used for monitoring the liquid level value of the first magnetic flap liquid level meter 10 in real time and controlling the opening and closing states of the stop valve 22, the bypass valve 20 and the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump 21.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a preheater and a cooler in the automatic control system for purifying nitric acid according to the present invention.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-2, the nitric acid purification apparatus comprises: the bypass pipe 19, the rectifying tower 4, the evaporator 5, the preheater 6, the cooler 7, the cooling tower 9, the second magnetic flap level gauge 11, the second main pipe 15, the third main pipe 16, the fourth main pipe 17, the pressure gauge 25, the circulating water pump 26 and the raffinate valve 23.
Specifically, the first liquid inlet 601 of the preheater 6 is in communication with the nitric acid supply device through the first main conduit 14; the second liquid inlet 603 of the preheater 6 is communicated with one end of the rectifying tower 4, and the other end of the rectifying tower 4 is communicated with the upper interface of the evaporator 5; the first liquid outlet 602 of the preheater 6 is communicated with the lower interface of the evaporator 5 through the second main pipeline 15, the second main pipeline 15 is also communicated with the bypass pipe 19, and the bypass pipe 19 is provided with the second magnetic flap liquid level meter 11 and the residual liquid valve 23; the second liquid outlet 604 of the preheater 6 is communicated with the third liquid inlet 703 of the cooler 7; the third liquid outlet 704 of the cooler 7 is communicated with the nitric acid storage device; the fourth liquid inlet 705 of the cooler 7 is communicated with the cooling tower 9 through the third main pipeline 16; the fourth liquid outlet 706 of the cooler 7 is communicated with the cooling tower 9 through the fourth main pipeline 17, and the fourth main pipeline 17 is provided with the pressure gauge 25 and the circulating water pump 26; the control cabinet 2 is respectively connected with the evaporator 5, the second magnetic flap liquid level meter 11, the residual liquid valve 23, the pressure gauge 25, the circulating water pump 26 and the cooling tower 9, and is used for monitoring the liquid level value of the second magnetic flap liquid level meter 11 and the cooling water pressure of the pressure gauge 25 in real time, controlling the opening and closing of the residual liquid valve 23, the on-off of the circulating water pump 26 and the cooling tower 9, and controlling the heating temperature of the evaporator 5.
Wherein the preheater 6 is a double-layered tube, and the preheater 6 comprises: a first inner tube 605 and a first outer tube 606; the first inner layer pipe 605 is respectively communicated 604 with the second liquid inlet 603 and the second liquid outlet; the first outer layer pipe 606 is respectively communicated with the first liquid inlet 601 and the first liquid outlet 602.
The cooler 7 is a double-layered tube, and the cooler 7 includes: a second inner layer tube 701 and a second outer layer tube 702; the second inner layer pipe 701 is connected to the third liquid inlet 703 and the third liquid outlet 704, respectively; the second outer layer pipe 702 is connected to the fourth liquid inlet 705 and the fourth liquid outlet 706, respectively.
In general, the evaporator 5, the rectifying tower 4, the preheater 6 and the cooler 7 are operated in a group of 5 to 10.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the nitric acid storage device comprises: a finished tank 8, a fifth main pipe 18, a third magnetic flap level gauge 12 and a service valve 24.
Specifically, the finished product tank 8 is communicated with the nitric acid purifying device through the fifth main pipeline 18, the third magnetic flap level gauge 12 is arranged on the finished product tank 8, and the overhaul valve 24 is arranged on the fifth main pipeline 18; the control cabinet 2 is respectively connected with the maintenance valve 24 and the third magnetic flap level meter 12, and the control cabinet 2 is used for monitoring the liquid level value of the third magnetic flap level meter 12 in real time and controlling the opening and closing of the maintenance valve 24.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the nitric acid purification automation system further comprises: and a waste liquid tank 3 which is communicated with the bypass pipe 19 and is used for recovering the waste liquid remained in the evaporator 5 after the system stops working.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rectifying tower and an evaporator in the automatic control system for purifying nitric acid according to the present invention.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-3, an electric heating wire 501 is disposed inside the evaporator 5, an insulation layer is disposed on an outer wall of the electric heating wire 501, and a temperature sensor 502 is disposed between the insulation layer and the outer wall of the electric heating wire 501; the control cabinet 2 is respectively connected with the temperature sensor 502 and the electric heating wire 501, and is used for controlling the heating temperature of the electric heating wire 501 according to the temperature signal of the temperature sensor 502.
In some embodiments, the control cabinet comprises a PLC controller and a temperature control module; the PLC is respectively connected with the temperature sensor 502 and the temperature control module, and is used for receiving a temperature signal of the temperature sensor 502 and sending a temperature control instruction to the temperature control module according to the temperature signal; the temperature control module is connected with the electric heating wire 501, and is configured to control the on-off state of the silicon controlled rectifier in the internal circuit to change the voltage at two ends of the electric heating wire 501 according to the temperature control instruction of the PLC controller, so as to realize the temperature control of the evaporator 5.
Further, the first magnetic flap level gauge 10 is provided with three level control points, namely a high level control point, a medium level control point and a low level control point.
Further, the second magnetic flap level gauge 11 is provided with two level control points, namely a high level control point and a low level control point.
Further, the third magnetic flap level gauge 12 is provided with a first high position and a second high position.
Further, the pressure gauge 25 is provided with a low pressure control point.
Further, the control flow of the automatic control system for purifying nitric acid is briefly described:
in the automatic control, the control cabinet 2 first sets the shutoff valve 22 and the maintenance valve 24 to an open state, and the residual liquid valve 23 and the bypass valve 20 to a closed state; the system starts to work, the control cabinet 2 monitors the liquid level of the concentrated nitric acid high-level tank 1 in real time through the liquid level value of the first magnetic flap liquid level meter 10, and the concentrated nitric acid to be purified is injected from the acid inlet of the concentrated nitric acid high-level tank 1 until the liquid level value of the concentrated nitric acid high-level tank 1 accords with a set value.
Then, the control cabinet 2 opens the bypass valve, adds concentrated nitric acid to be purified into the evaporator 5, monitors the liquid level of the bypass pipe 19 in real time through the liquid level value of the second magnetic flap liquid level meter 11 until the liquid level value of the bypass pipe 19 reaches the set liquid level (the liquid level displayed by the bypass pipe 19 is the liquid level of the evaporator 5), and then closes the bypass valve 20.
The control cabinet 2 detects a temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor 502 in the evaporator 5 and sends the temperature signal to the PLC controller in the control cabinet 2; the PLC controller sends a control instruction to the temperature control module according to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor 502; the temperature control module controls the on-off state of the silicon controlled rectifier in the internal circuit to change the voltage at two ends of the electric heating wire 501 according to the control instruction of the PLC controller so as to continuously heat the evaporator 5, and after the heating temperature reaches the set temperature, the voltage at two ends of the electric heating wire 501 is kept unchanged, so that the concentrated nitric acid is evaporated at constant temperature.
Purifying the evaporated gas by a rectifying tower 4 to obtain purified gaseous nitric acid; then the purified gaseous nitric acid is cooled and liquefied by the cooling water through the cooler 7 by the preheater 6 and the cooler 7 and the circulating water pump 16 is turned on, and the cooled nitric acid is collected and stored by the finished product tank 8.
Wherein, the concentrated nitric acid to be purified is preheated by a preheater 6 before entering the evaporator 5, and the heat in the purified nitric acid gas is absorbed in the preheater 6 at the same time, so as to achieve the purpose of saving electric energy.
Along with the evaporation of the concentrated nitric acid in the evaporator 5, the liquid level of the evaporator 5 is reduced, when the liquid level of the evaporator 5 is lower than a set value, the control cabinet 2 opens the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump 21 to automatically add acid to the evaporator 5, and the liquid level of the evaporator 5 is always kept at the set liquid level by repeated control.
When the concentrated nitric acid elevated tank 1 is at a low liquid level, the evaporator 5 is at a low liquid level, the finished product tank 8 is at a second high liquid level, and the cooling water pressure displayed by the pressure gauge 25 is insufficient, the system stops working and alarms.
After the system stops working, the waste liquid in the evaporator 5 is waited for cooling to normal temperature, at this time, the residual liquid valve 23 is opened, and the waste liquid remaining in the evaporator 5 is discharged into the waste liquid tank 3 to recover the waste liquid.
In order to ensure the automatic operation of the system, pumping the concentrated nitric acid into the concentrated nitric acid overhead tank 1 from the tank area when the concentrated nitric acid overhead tank 1 reaches a medium liquid level, and stopping when the concentrated nitric acid overhead tank reaches a high liquid level; when the finished product tank 8 reaches the first high liquid level, the system alarms and prompts, and when the finished product tank 8 reaches the second high liquid level, the system stops working, and when the system works, the follow-up procedures can simultaneously carry out the blowing and configuration work on the nitric acid in the finished product tank 8, and the nitric acid configured according to the requirements is conveyed to a tank area for storage for standby.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic control system for purifying nitric acid, comprising:
the nitric acid purifying device is used for purifying the concentrated nitric acid to be purified to obtain purified nitric acid;
the nitric acid supply device is communicated with the nitric acid purification device and is used for supplying concentrated nitric acid to the nitric acid purification device in real time;
the nitric acid storage device is communicated with the nitric acid purification device and is used for storing purified nitric acid;
the control cabinet is respectively connected with the nitric acid purifying device, the nitric acid supplying device and the nitric acid storing device and is used for controlling the nitric acid supplying device to automatically supply concentrated nitric acid to the nitric acid purifying device in real time, controlling the nitric acid purifying device to purify the nitric acid, and controlling the nitric acid storing device to store the purified nitric acid in real time;
the concentrated nitric acid to be purified is preheated by a preheater before entering the evaporator, and heat in the purified nitric acid gas is absorbed in the preheater;
the control cabinet opens the bypass valve, adds concentrated nitric acid to be purified into the evaporator, monitors the liquid level of the bypass pipe in real time through the liquid level value of the second magnetic flap liquid level meter until the liquid level value of the bypass pipe reaches a set liquid level, then closes the bypass valve, the liquid level displayed by the bypass pipe is the liquid level of the evaporator, and the second magnetic flap liquid level meter and the residual liquid valve are arranged on the bypass pipe.
2. The automatic control system for purification of nitric acid according to claim 1, wherein said nitric acid supply means comprises: the device comprises a concentrated nitric acid elevated tank, a first total pipeline, a first magnetic flap liquid level meter, a pipeline, a stop valve, a bypass valve and an electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump;
the concentrated nitric acid overhead tank is communicated with one end of the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump through the pipeline, the first magnetic flap liquid level meter is arranged on the concentrated nitric acid overhead tank, and the stop valve is arranged on the pipeline; the other end of the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump is communicated with the nitric acid purifying device through the first total pipeline; the bypass valve is arranged on the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump; the control cabinet is respectively connected with the first magnetic flap liquid level meter, the stop valve, the bypass valve and the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump, and is used for monitoring the liquid level value of the first magnetic flap liquid level meter in real time and controlling the opening and closing states of the stop valve, the bypass valve and the electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump.
3. The automatic control system for purification of nitric acid according to claim 2, wherein said means for purification of nitric acid comprises: the system comprises a bypass pipe, a rectifying tower, an evaporator, a preheater, a cooler, a cooling tower, a second magnetic flap level meter, a second main pipeline, a third main pipeline, a fourth main pipeline, a pressure gauge, a circulating water pump and a residual liquid valve;
the first liquid inlet of the preheater is communicated with the nitric acid supply device through the first main pipeline;
the second liquid inlet of the preheater is communicated with one end of the rectifying tower, and the other end of the rectifying tower is communicated with the upper interface of the evaporator;
the first liquid outlet of the preheater is communicated with the lower interface of the evaporator through the second main pipeline, the second main pipeline is also communicated with the side pipe, and the side pipe is provided with the second magnetic flap liquid level meter and the residual liquid valve;
the second liquid outlet of the preheater is communicated with the third liquid inlet of the cooler;
the third liquid outlet of the cooler is communicated with the nitric acid storage device;
the fourth liquid inlet of the cooler is communicated with the cooling tower through the third main pipeline; the fourth liquid outlet of the cooler is communicated with the cooling tower through a fourth main pipeline, and the fourth main pipeline is provided with the pressure gauge and the circulating water pump;
the control cabinet is respectively connected with the evaporator, the second magnetic flap liquid level meter, the residual liquid valve, the pressure gauge, the circulating water pump and the cooling tower, and is used for monitoring the liquid level value of the second magnetic flap liquid level meter and the cooling water pressure of the pressure gauge in real time, controlling the opening and closing of the residual liquid valve, the on-off of the circulating water pump and the cooling tower and controlling the heating temperature of the evaporator.
4. The automatic control system for purification of nitric acid according to claim 3, wherein said nitric acid storage means comprises: the finished product tank, a fifth main pipeline, a third magnetic flap level meter and an overhaul valve;
the finished product tank is communicated with the nitric acid purifying device through the fifth main pipeline, the third magnetic flap liquid level meter is arranged on the finished product tank, and the maintenance valve is arranged on the fifth main pipeline;
the control cabinet is used for monitoring the liquid level value of the third magnetic flap liquid level meter in real time and controlling the opening and closing of the overhaul valve.
5. The automatic control system for purification of nitric acid according to claim 3, wherein said automatic control system for purification of nitric acid further comprises: and the waste liquid tank is communicated with the bypass pipe and is used for recovering waste liquid remained in the evaporator after the system stops working.
6. The automatic control system for purifying nitric acid according to claim 3, wherein an electric heating wire is arranged in the evaporator, an insulating layer is arranged on the outer wall of the electric heating wire, and a temperature sensor is arranged between the insulating layer and the outer wall of the electric heating wire;
the control cabinet is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the electric heating wire and is used for controlling the heating temperature of the electric heating wire according to the temperature signal of the temperature sensor.
7. The automatic control system for purifying nitric acid according to claim 6, wherein said control cabinet comprises: a PLC controller and a temperature control module;
the PLC is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the temperature control module, and is used for receiving a temperature signal of the temperature sensor and sending a temperature control instruction to the temperature control module according to the temperature signal;
the temperature control module is connected with the electric heating wire and used for controlling the on-off state of the controllable silicon in the internal circuit to change the voltage at two ends of the electric heating wire according to the temperature control instruction of the PLC so as to realize the temperature control of the evaporator.
8. The automatic control system for purifying nitric acid according to claim 2, wherein said first magnetic flap level gauge is provided with three level control points, high, medium and low.
9. The automatic control system for purifying nitric acid according to claim 3, wherein the second magnetic flap level gauge is provided with two level control points of high level and low level.
10. The automatic control system for purifying nitric acid according to claim 4, wherein said third magnetic flap level gauge is provided with a first high level and a second high level.
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| CN202210207095.9A CN114538393B (en) | 2022-03-04 | 2022-03-04 | Automatic control system for nitric acid purification |
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| CN202210207095.9A CN114538393B (en) | 2022-03-04 | 2022-03-04 | Automatic control system for nitric acid purification |
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| CN114538393B true CN114538393B (en) | 2023-05-09 |
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