CN114536491B - Preparation method of wood-bamboo super-strength chemical plywood - Google Patents
Preparation method of wood-bamboo super-strength chemical plywood Download PDFInfo
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- CN114536491B CN114536491B CN202210272117.XA CN202210272117A CN114536491B CN 114536491 B CN114536491 B CN 114536491B CN 202210272117 A CN202210272117 A CN 202210272117A CN 114536491 B CN114536491 B CN 114536491B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D3/00—Veneer presses; Press plates; Plywood presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G11/00—Applying adhesives or glue to surfaces of wood to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood, which comprises the following steps: (1) interface activation: using sodium periodate NaIO 4 Treating the surface of the wood and bamboo material by using an aqueous solution to form aldehyde groups on the surface of the wood and bamboo material; (2) Amine compounds are used as adhesives, and a chemically active wood-bamboo material gluing interface is constructed through aldehyde-amine reaction; the polyamine with a branched structure is selected, so that a compact cross-linked network structure can be formed in the gluing process; (3) Through hot pressing, the curing and crosslinking reaction is accelerated, the curing process efficiency is improved, and the wood-bamboo super-strength chemical plywood is prepared. The I-type plywood prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple process, no formaldehyde release and no harm to human living environment. The viscosity of the used novel hyperbranched polyamine adhesive is moderate, and the storage period is long.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wood and bamboo processing technology, in particular to a preparation method of wood and bamboo super-strong chemical plywood.
Background
Hot press gluing is currently the most important processing technique for wood/bamboo composites, and the overall performance of the wood/bamboo composites is closely related to the gluing process. In order to improve the overall performance of the wood/bamboo composite material, a great deal of effective work is carried out by the majority of researchers in the field of research and development of novel adhesives, a series of novel adhesives including isocyanate adhesives are successfully researched and developed, and large-scale industrial production is realized.
The gluing interface is also an important factor influencing the gluing process, and researches on improving the gluing performance through the interface activation treatment of the wood and bamboo materials have been paid much attention, and researchers can improve the surface activity of the wood and bamboo materials through the use of plasma treatment, ultrasonic treatment, corona treatment and the like, so as to improve the gluing performance of the wood and bamboo materials. However, these treatments are time-sensitive and may over-etch the surface of the wood or bamboo material and cause excessive penetration of the adhesive.
A great deal of practice proves that the chemically active interface is beneficial to improving the gluing performance, and the main reason that the isocyanate adhesive can obtain excellent gluing performance is that the high-activity isocyanate group (-N = C = O) can chemically react with the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the wood and bamboo interface to form the chemically active interface. The invention is inspired by the above, and aims to specifically create a chemically active wood and bamboo surface by activating and modifying functional groups on the surface of the wood and bamboo according to the chemical characteristics of the resin adhesive, so as to ensure that strong chemical bond crosslinking can be formed between the wood and bamboo and the adhesive.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above defects, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the invention relates to a preparation method of wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Activating an interface: using sodium periodate NaIO 4 Treating with an aqueous solution and brushing the surface of the wood-bamboo material to form aldehyde group active functional groups on the surface of the wood-bamboo material;
(2) Crosslinking of branched polyamine: amine compounds are used as adhesives, a chemically active wood-bamboo gluing interface is constructed through aldehyde-amine reaction, and a compact cross-linked network structure can be formed in the gluing process by selecting polyamine with a branched structure;
(3) Hot-pressing crosslinking: through hot pressing, the solidification crosslinking reaction is accelerated, the efficiency of the solidification process is improved, and the wood-bamboo super-strength chemical plywood is manufactured.
Further, in the step (1), the concentration of the catalyst is 0.05mol.L -1 -0.375mol·L -1 Sodium periodate NaIO 4 And brushing the aqueous solution on the surface of the wood/bamboo veneer, standing for 12-48 h under the conditions of light protection and ventilation, so as to obtain an activated interface, and keeping the water content of the wood and the bamboo before and after activation basically consistent.
Further, in the step (2), deionized water is added to dissolve the branched polyamine as an aqueous solution.
Further, in step (2), the branched polyamine is PA 4N 、PA 5N 、PA 6N Or PA 7N 。
Further, in step (2), the branched polyamine: coating branched polyamine with a primary amino terminal on the surface of the wood and bamboo material with activated interface, and accelerating the crosslinking reaction by hot pressing; the molecular terminal contains at least three primary amine groups and has good water solubility, and the solid content after dissolution is 40-65%.
Further, in step (3), hot press crosslinking: the hot pressing temperature is 100-160 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 1.5MPa, and the hot pressing time is 2-8min.
Further, in the step (3), the moisture content of the wood veneer is dried to 10% -14% before hot pressing.
Further, in the step (2), the veneer sizing amount is 180 grams per square meter.
Has the beneficial effects that: the I-type plywood prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple process, no formaldehyde release and no harm to human bodies. The viscosity of the used novel hyperbranched polyamine adhesive is moderate, and the storage period is long.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The used branched polyamine does not contain volatilization of substances harmful to human bodies, and the adhesive is a novel green and environment-friendly adhesive. And the preparation process does not need a catalyst or a solvent, can be synthesized and prepared by a one-pot method, is simple to operate, does not need to separate and purify a reaction product, has moderate viscosity and long storage period.
(2) Compared with the plywood produced by the traditional aldehyde adhesive, the plywood prepared by the invention has no formaldehyde release and no harm to human bodies. The plywood prepared by the method of the invention has the performance exceeding the requirement of I-type plywood specified in GB 17657-2013.
(3) The method is characterized in that chemical reaction is generated between functional groups on the surface of the activated wood and bamboo and adhesive molecules, and new chemical bonds are formed, so that firm chemical bonding force is obtained. The performance of the plywood prepared by the method can meet the requirements of I-type plywood in GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test methods for artificial boards and decorative artificial boards.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a method for constructing a chemically activated gluing interface of a wood or bamboo material.
FIG. 2 is a branched Polyamine (PA) of the present invention 4N ，PA 5N ，PA 6N ，PA 7N ) Chemical structure diagram.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for preparing the wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood comprises the following steps: (1) Taking 0.375 mol.L under the condition of keeping out of the light -1 Sodium periodate NaIO 4 Water solution, which is evenly coated on the surface of the wood veneer (the thickness of the veneer is 2 mm), and the coating dosage of each veneer is 80g/m 2 . Performing three-layer plywood assembly according to the preparation requirements of plywood test pieces of GB/T17657-2013 physical and chemical property test methods of artificial boards and veneered artificial boards, performing activation treatment on four surfaces needing to be glued, and placing for 24 hours in a ventilated darkroom;
(2) Drying the water content of the wood veneer to 10-14% before hot pressing. Taking prepared branched polyamine PA 4N Adding deionized water to dissolve the mixture to obtain PA with solid content of 50 percent 4N And (3) solution.
(3) A method of applying glue to both sides of a core board, which comprises 4N Applying glue through NaIO 4 The glue application amount of the double surfaces of the core plate after the solution is coated is 180g/m 2 And carrying out hot pressing on a double-layer flat vulcanizing machine to prepare the three-layer plywood. Hot pressing temperature: 110 ℃, hot pressing time: the time for the second time is 8min,pressure: 1.5MPa.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
the preparation method of the wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood comprises the following steps:
in the step (1), 0.05mol.L is taken in a dark environment -1 Sodium periodate NaIO 4 Water solution, which is evenly coated on the surface (the thickness is 2 mm) of the wood veneer, and the coating dosage of each veneer is 80g/m 2 . Performing three-layer plywood assembly according to the preparation requirements of plywood test pieces of GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test methods for artificial boards and veneered artificial boards, brushing four surfaces needing to be glued, and storing for 24 hours in a ventilated darkroom;
in the step (2), the moisture content of the wood veneer is dried to 10% -14% before hot pressing. Taking prepared branched polyamine PA 5N Adding deionized water to dissolve the mixture to obtain PA with solid content of 40% 5N And (3) solution.
In the step (3), the PA is mixed according to a core plate double-side sizing method 5N Applying glue through NaIO 4 The glue application amount of the double surfaces of the core plate after the solution is coated is 180g/m 2 Hot pressing is carried out on a double-layer flat vulcanizing machine, and the hot pressing temperature is as follows: 160 ℃, hot pressing time: 5min, pressure: 1.5MPa.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that:
the preparation method of the wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood comprises the following steps:
in the step (1), 0.25 mol.L is taken in a dark environment -1 Sodium periodate NaIO 4 Water solution, which is evenly coated on the surface of a wood veneer (with the thickness of 2 mm), and the coating dosage of each veneer is 80g/m 2 . And (3) performing three-layer plywood assembly according to the preparation requirements of plywood test pieces of GB/T17657-2013 physical and chemical property test methods of artificial boards and veneered artificial boards, brushing four surfaces needing to be glued, and storing for 24 hours in a ventilated darkroom.
In step (2), the wood veneer is hydrated before hot pressingDrying to 10% -14%, and taking the prepared branched polyamine PA 6N Adding deionized water to dissolve the mixture to obtain PA with solid content of 65 percent 6N And (3) solution.
In the step (3), the PA is mixed according to a core plate double-side sizing method 6N Applying glue through NaIO 4 The glue application amount of the double surfaces of the core plate after the solution is coated is 180g/m 2 Hot pressing is carried out on a double-layer flat vulcanizing machine, and the hot pressing temperature is as follows: 100 ℃, hot pressing time: 6min, pressure: 1.5MPa.
Example 4
Example 4 differs from example 1 in that:
the preparation method of the wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood comprises the following steps:
in the step (1), 0.35 mol.L is taken in a dark environment -1 Sodium periodate NaIO 4 Water solution, which is evenly coated on the surface (2 mm in thickness) of the wood veneer, and the coating amount of each veneer is 80g/m 2 . Performing three-layer plywood assembly according to the preparation requirements of plywood test pieces of GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test methods for artificial boards and veneered artificial boards, brushing four surfaces needing to be glued, and storing for 24 hours in a ventilated darkroom;
in the step (2), the moisture content of the wood veneer is dried to 10% -14% before hot pressing. Taking prepared branched polyamine PA 7N Adding deionized water to dissolve the mixture to obtain PA with the solid content of 55 percent 7N And (3) solution.
In the step (3), the PA is mixed according to a core plate double-side sizing method 7N Applying glue through NaIO 4 The glue application amount of the double surfaces of the core plate after the solution is coated is 180g/m 2 Hot pressing is carried out on a double-layer flat vulcanizing machine, and the hot pressing temperature is as follows: 160 ℃, hot pressing time: 2min, pressure: 1.5MPa.
Example 5
Example 5 differs from example 1 in that: the invention relates to a preparation method of wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Activating an interface: using sodium periodate NaIO 4 Treating the surface of the wood and bamboo with an aqueous solution to form aldehyde groups on the surface of the wood and bamboo;with a concentration of 0.375 mol. L -1 Sodium periodate NaIO 4 And brushing the aqueous solution on the surface of the wood/bamboo veneer, standing for 12 hours under the conditions of light protection and ventilation so as to obtain an activated interface, and keeping the water content of the wood and bamboo before and after activation basically consistent.
(2) Amine compounds are used as adhesives, and a chemically active wood-bamboo interface is constructed through aldehyde-amine reaction; the polyamine with a branched structure is selected, so that a compact cross-linked structure can be formed in the gluing process; branched polyamine: and (3) coating the branched polyamine with the terminal of primary amine group on the surface of the wood and bamboo material with activated interface, and accelerating the crosslinking reaction by hot pressing. The molecular terminal at least contains three primary amine groups and has good water solubility, and the solid content after dissolution is 45%. The single board has the glue application amount of 180 grams per square meter.
(3) Through hot pressing, the solidification crosslinking reaction is accelerated, the efficiency of the solidification process is improved, and the wood-bamboo super-strength chemical plywood is manufactured. The hot pressing temperature is 100 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 1.5MPa, and the hot pressing time is 8min.
Example 6
Example 6 differs from example 1 in that: the invention relates to a preparation method of wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Activating an interface: using sodium periodate NaIO 4 Treating with water solution to form aldehyde group on the surface of the wood and bamboo material; with a concentration of 0.05mol.L -1 Sodium periodate NaIO 4 And brushing the aqueous solution on the surface of the wood/bamboo veneer, standing for 48 hours under the conditions of light protection and ventilation so as to obtain an activated interface, and keeping the water content of the wood and bamboo before and after activation basically consistent.
(2) Amine compounds are used as adhesives, and a chemically active wood-bamboo interface is constructed through aldehyde-amine reaction; by selecting branched polyamine, compact crosslinking can be formed in the gluing process; branched polyamine: and (3) coating the branched polyamine with the terminal of primary amine group on the surface of the wood and bamboo material with activated interface, and accelerating the crosslinking reaction by hot pressing. The molecular terminal at least contains three primary amine groups and has good water solubility, and the solid content after dissolution is 60%. The single board has the glue application amount of 180 grams per square meter.
(3) Through hot pressing, the curing and crosslinking reaction is accelerated, the curing process efficiency is improved, and the wood-bamboo super-strength chemical plywood is prepared. The hot pressing temperature is 160 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 1.5MPa, and the hot pressing time is 6min.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
The branched polyamines from examples 1 to 4 were used as adhesives without NaIO 4 Plywood prepared from painted poplar veneers comparative examples 1 to 4
And (3) testing a plywood experiment:
according to the requirements of national standard GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test method for artificial boards and veneers, the physical and mechanical properties of the plywood are tested, wherein the bonding property 1 is dry bonding strength, the bonding property 2 is bonding strength after being soaked in hot water (63 +/-3) for 3 hours, and the bonding strength 3 is bonding strength after being boiled, dried and boiled (after being soaked in boiling water for 4 hours, blown and dried for 16 hours, soaked in boiling water for 4 hours again, and finally soaked in cold water for 1 hour). The results are shown below. According to the water resistance requirement of GB/T9846-2015 ordinary plywood on plywood, all test pieces exceed the national I-type plywood requirement. Table 1 shows:
TABLE 1
| Test piece | Bonding Strength 1 (MPa) | Bonding Strength 2 (MPa) | Bonding Strength 3 (MPa) |
| Example 1 | 2.28 | 1.80 | 0.84 |
| Example 2 | 2.38 | 1.86 | 0.91 |
| Example 3 | 2.42 | 1.97 | 1.83 |
| Example 4 | 2.93 | 2.08 | 1.91 |
| Comparative example 1 | Glue-stripping | Glue-stripping | Glue-stripping |
| Comparative example 2 | Glue-stripping | Glue-stripping | Glue-stripping |
| Comparative example 3 | Glue-stripping | Glue-stripping | Glue-stripping |
| Comparative example 4 | Glue-stripping | Glue-stripping | Glue-stripping |
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Activating an interface: using sodium periodate NaIO 4 Coating the surface of the wood and bamboo with an aqueous solution to form aldehyde group active functional groups on the surface of the wood and bamboo; with a concentration of 0.05mol.L -1 -0.375mol•L -1 Sodium periodate NaIO 4 Coating the surface of the wood-bamboo veneer with an aqueous solution, standing for 12-48 h under the conditions of light protection and ventilation, so as to obtain an activated interface, and keeping the water content of the wood-bamboo veneer before and after activation basically consistent;
(2) Crosslinking of branched polyamine: amine compounds are used as adhesives, a chemically active wood-bamboo gluing interface is constructed through aldehyde-amine reaction, and a compact cross-linked network structure can be formed in the gluing process by selecting polyamine with a branched structure; the branched polyamine is PA 4N 、PA 5N 、PA 6N Or PA 7N ；
(3) Hot-pressing crosslinking: drying the moisture content of the wood veneer to 10% -14% before hot pressing through hot pressing; hot-pressing crosslinking: the hot pressing temperature is 100-160 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 1.5MPa, and the hot pressing time is 2-8min; the wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood is prepared.
2. The method for preparing the wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), deionized water is added to dissolve the branched polyamine into an aqueous solution with a certain solid content.
3. The method for preparing the wood-bamboo super-strong chemical plywood according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the gluing amount of the veneer is 180 g/square meter.
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| CN101462289B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2011-06-01 | 南京林业大学 | Method for adhering lumber without glue |
| CN109749661B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-10-16 | 东北林业大学 | Preparation method and use method of crosslinked hyperbranched amine modified oxidized starch adhesive applied to laminated wood |
| CN110734735B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-08-13 | 西南林业大学 | High-branched polymer wood adhesive and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113580295A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 德华兔宝宝装饰新材股份有限公司 | Method for improving gluing characteristic of wooden board by normal pressure cold plasma |
| CN113861880A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2021-12-31 | 西南林业大学 | Preparation method of hyperbranched modified cellulose wood adhesive |
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