CN114533903A - 基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,具有表面离子和表面配体多重靶向作用,所述纳米探针表面离子和/或表面配体可以分别或同时特异性结合与其对应的受体,提高了靶向过程中的亲和力和特异性,实现靶向效应。通过调控纳米探针表面离子和表面配体的组分、含量以及比例可以提高纳米探针的靶向效率。本发明属于靶向纳米探针技术领域,具体是指一种基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针及其应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于靶向纳米技术领域,具体是指基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针及其应用。
背景技术
开发具有精准生物学功能的靶向纳米探针用于特定部位递送,可实现疾病的精准成像与治疗。为此,靶向配体(例如,有机分子、核酸适配体、多肽、抗体等等)作为特异性的关键决定因素,已被用于配体介导的靶向纳米探针,且配体特异性直接影响纳米探针的选择性和靶向富集效率,从而影响其在生物体的安全性和有效性。因此,开发高特异性的纳米探针,提高其靶向效率一直以来都是一大难题。常用的方法是通过在纳米材料表面偶联一种靶向配体,构建靶向纳米探针,例如【Theranostics,2016,6(11):1780.AdvancedMaterials,2020,32(4):1906799.CN202110697471.2,CN202011534812.6,CN202010872013.3】等公开的文件均报道了单一配体介导的靶向纳米探针。
虽然通过单一的配体介导的靶向作用使纳米探针具有一定的特异性,可实现靶向富集与递送,但是单一配体介导的靶向效应在纳米探针靶向过程中配体-受体结合亲和力不足,影响配体-受体特异性结合作用,导致纳米探针靶向效率仍难以满足需求。研究表面,多重配体和受体的多点结合可以增强配体受体结合亲和力,提高配体介导的靶向纳米探针的特异性和靶向效率【Chem.Rev.2017,117,12133-12164】。为了进一步提高纳米探针的靶向性,大量报道使用双重配体介导靶向的策略,构建双配体介导的靶向纳米探针,例如一种肝癌双重靶向磁性纳米颗粒的制备方法【201910042967.9】,在超顺磁性纳米颗粒(SPIO)表面修饰双抗体anti-CD34&anti-AFP,实现肝癌双重靶向,这些研究表明,相比于单一配体介导的靶向作用,双重配体介导的靶向作用可以有效提高纳米探针的靶向效率。
基于此,针对纳米探针特异性不足的问题,本发明提供了一种独特的具有表面离子和表面配体多重靶向作用的纳米探针,通过调控纳米探针表面离子和表面配体的组分、含量以及比例可以进一步提高纳米探针的特异性和靶向效率,并将其更好地应用于靶向成像、治疗与药物递送等领域。
发明内容
为了实现上述功能,本发明采取的技术方案如下:基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,所述纳米探针包括第一类基团和第二类基团,所述第一类基团和第二类基团互相配合,以使得所述纳米材料向目标组织的靶向富集;其中所述第一类基团为设置于所述纳米材料表面的金属离子,所述第二类基团为设置于所述纳米材料表面的配体。
优选的,所述第一类基团和所述第二类基团与所述目标组织的一个或多个受体结合,以实现所述纳米材料向目标组织的靶向富集;个或多个所述一受体包括生物分子或细胞,所述生物分子包括:SLC39A金属转运蛋白家族和有机阴离子转运多肽OATP家族。
优选的,所述第一类基团和第二类基团与相同受体结合,所述第一类基团和第二类基团也可与不同的受体结合。
优选的,通过调控第一类基团和第二类基团的组成和/或比例,以调控所述纳米探针向目标组织的靶向富集程度。
优选的,所述目标组织即可为病灶组织,也可为正常组织。
优选的,所述配体包括抗体、多肽、核酸或有机小分子中的至少一种。
优选的,所述金属离子包括人体所含的微量元素中的过渡金属元素中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了上述基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备表面含有第一类基团的纳米颗粒;
(2)将第二类基团附接于步骤(1)得到的产物上以得到所述纳米探针。
此外,本发明还提供了上述基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针的应用,所述靶向纳米探针应用于生物医学领域,用于疾病的精准成像与治疗。
本发明采取上述方案取得有益效果如下:本发明的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,通过调控纳米探针表面离子和表面配体的组分、含量以及比例可以进一步提高纳米探针的特异性和靶向效率,进而可更好地应用在靶向成像、治疗与药物递送等领域。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的一些实施例所示的多重靶向纳米探针的结构示意图;
图2为根据本发明的一些实施例所示的纳米探针的制备流程图;
图3为本发明实施例1的多重靶向纳米探针的与肝细胞膜上的SLC39A14蛋白,OATP1B1蛋白共定位的超分辨结构光显微成像图;
图4为本发明实施例2中定量表征多重靶向纳米探针对肝细胞的特异性作用的结果示意图;
图5为本发明实施例2中调控第一类基团和第二类基团的比例,优化多重靶向纳米探针的特异性结果示意图;
图6为本发明实施例3中多重靶向纳米探针的磁共振肝脏成像。
其中,1为纳米探针,2为纳米颗粒,3为第一类基团,4为第二类基团。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1是根据本发明的一些实施例所示的多重靶向纳米探针的结构示意图。如图1所示,纳米探针包括纳米颗粒以及分布于所述纳米颗粒表面的至少第一类基团和第二类基团。
纳米探针可以用于将物质向目标组织递送,其中物质可以是对比剂或者药物等类似物或其组合,目标组织可以是病灶组织(如肿瘤),或正常组织;
纳米颗粒是对人体无害的纳米颗粒载体,例如:铁氧体纳米颗粒,量子点,上转换纳米材料,贵金属纳米颗粒等等。
第一类基团可以是设置于所述纳米颗粒表面的金属离子,在一些实施例中,为使得所述纳米探针具有更好的靶向作用,第一类基团优选包括两种或更多种金属离子,金属离子为人体所含的微量元素中的过渡金属元素,具体的,金属离子可以是铁、锌、铜、锰、镁等等。
第二类基团是设置于所述纳米颗粒表面的配体,包括抗体、多肽、核酸或有机小分子中的至少一种,具体的,该配体可以是乙氧苯配体,anti-OATP1B1抗体等。
第一类基团和第二类基团可以互相配合地与目标组织的一个或多个受体结合,以实现使得纳米探针向目标组织富集。
受体包括钠离子通道蛋白,钾离子通道蛋白,钙离子通道蛋白(TransientReceptor Potential Vanilloid Subfamily),镁离子通道蛋白,二价金属离子转运蛋白DMT,溶质载体家族蛋白(Solute Carrier Family 39(Metal Ion Transporter)),有机阴离子转运多肽,血管内皮生长因子受体,表皮生长因子受体,前列腺特异性膜抗原,去唾液酸糖蛋白受体中的至少一种;细胞主要有正常或病变的体细胞、肿瘤细胞,正常细胞包含肝细胞、胆管细胞、胰腺细胞、结直肠细胞、乳腺细胞、肾细胞、胃细胞、甲状腺细胞、成骨细胞;肿瘤细胞包含肝癌细胞、胆管癌细胞、胰腺癌细胞、结直肠癌细胞、乳腺癌细胞、肾癌细胞、胃癌细胞、甲状腺癌细胞、骨肿瘤细胞中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中,纳米探针可以是具有成像功能的纳米探针,其可以使得所述对比剂或显影剂在肿瘤组织上富集以实现对所述肿瘤组织的成像;在一些实施例中,纳米探针可以是携带药物的纳米探针,其可以使得所述药物在肿瘤组织上富集以实现对所述肿瘤组织靶向治疗。
在一些实施例中,所述第一类基团和第二类基团可以与相同受体结合。例如,第一类基团和第二类基团可以同时和细胞表面的SLC39A14蛋白结合,也可以同时和二价金属转运蛋白结合;在一些实施例中,所述第一类基团和第二类基团与不同受体结合,例如,第一类基团结合SLC39A14蛋白,第二类基团4结合OATP1B1蛋白等;在一些实施例中通过调节所述第一类基团和第二类基团的比例,可以调控纳米探针向目标组织的靶向富集程度。
图2是该纳米探针的制备流程图,制备多重靶向纳米探针包括:步骤一,制备表面含有第一类基团的纳米颗粒;步骤二,将第二类基团附接于步骤一得到的产物中,以制备所述多重靶向纳米探针。在一些实施例中,步骤一中通过热分解法制备表面含有第一类基团的所述纳米颗粒;在一些实施例中,步骤二中通过配体交换和共价偶联等反应制备多重靶向纳米探针;第二类基团(特异性配体)修饰在纳米颗粒表面,最终得到多重靶向的纳米探针。
实施例1:
1)制备靶向纳米探针
(1)称量1.07g芥酸铁,0.62g油酸锰,1.61g油醇,0.57g油酸,加入10g苄醚中,置于50ml三口烧瓶内,进行热分解反应,在265℃反应30min结束;
(2)取200mg(1)中的产物和500mg多巴胺-聚乙二醇-乙氧苯配体在四氢呋喃溶剂中加热至50℃,进行配体交换反应5h。
2)纳米探针和受体的特异性结合作用
取1ml步骤(2)中所得产物与肝细胞共培养,采用超分辨结构光显微镜成像,验证多重靶向纳米探针和OATP1B1、SLC39A14受体的特异性结合作用。图3是多重靶向纳米探针与肝细胞OATP1B1、SLC39A14双受体特异性结合的超分辨结构光显微镜成像图,图中绿色荧光是多重靶向的纳米探针,蓝色荧光是肝细胞表面的SLC39A14蛋白,红色荧光是肝细胞表面的OATP1B1蛋白,图3-2到3-7是图3-1局部放大的图示,从这些图中可以看出多重靶向的纳米探针可以特异性的和SLC39A14、OATP1B1蛋白分别或者同时结合。
3)细胞水平特异性研究
将多重靶向的纳米探针以及单一靶向的纳米探针在相同条件下和肝细胞、受体敲除后的肝细胞共培养,培养相同时间后,采用ICP-MS测定细胞中探针含量,定量表征细胞内吞量,评价靶向效果。
图4定量表征多重靶向纳米探针对肝细胞的特异性作用,图中纵坐标是平均每个细胞内吞纳米探针的量,横坐标“1”是OATP1B1蛋白单靶向的纳米探针,横坐标“2”是SLC39A14蛋白单靶向的纳米探针,横坐标“3”是OATP1B1和SLC39A14蛋白多重靶向纳米探针,结果显示多重靶向的纳米探针在肝细胞的富集量最大,并且通过受体敲除后验证了SLC39A14和OATP1B1双受体共同介导纳米探针的特异性富集。
实施例2:
图5是改变第一类基团和第二类基团的比例,优化多重靶向纳米探针特异性的结果;该实施例制备超小锰锌铁氧体纳米颗粒,并在表面修饰乙氧苯配体,具体合成方法如下:(1)称量2.14g芥酸铁,0.09g碳酸锌,3.22g油醇,加入10mL苄醚中,置于50ml三口烧瓶内,270℃保温30min,至溶液呈澄清透亮黑褐色,反应结束;(2)降温至50℃以下,采用氯仿分散-离心的方式对产物进行三次清洗。最终产物分散于10mL正己烷中;(3)取1ml(2)中所得产物,5mg MnCl2,加入5ml THF,在氩气保护下升温至50℃,保温30min;(4)采用氯仿分散-离心的方式对产物进行三次清洗。最终产物分散于10mL正己烷中。(5)取200mg(4)中的产物和500mg多巴胺-聚乙二醇-乙氧苯配体在四氢呋喃溶剂中加热至50℃,进行配体交换反应5h,最终得到乙氧苯配体修饰的超小锰锌铁氧体纳米颗粒。通过调控碳酸锌、氯化锰和乙氧苯配体的用量可以调控表面离子/表面配体的比例。超小锰锌铁氧体纳米颗粒中锰离子和锌离子可以和SLC39A14蛋白结合,乙氧苯配体可以和OATP1B1结合,图中纵坐标是平均每个细胞内吞纳米探针的量,横坐标是不同比例的表面离子/表面配体的纳米探针,其中,表面金属离子为锰离子和锌离子,表面配体为乙氧苯配体。如图5所示,纳米探针表面的金属离子和表面配体数量比分别是15,12,8,5,3,2和1,结果显示上述比例范围在8-2时,多重靶向纳米探针特异性最优,此时其靶向效果最好。
实施例3:多重靶向纳米探针的磁共振肝脏成像
将实施例1中制得的多重靶向纳米探针静脉注射至动物体内进行磁共振成像。对比多重靶向纳米探针和单一靶向探针成像效果,图6-1是多重靶向纳米探针活体肝脏磁共振成像图;图6-2是单一靶向探针的活体肝脏磁共振成像图;图6-3是多重靶向纳米探针和单一靶向探针的肝脏成像信号对比度随时间变化规律,其中横坐标是时间,纵坐标是肝脏磁共振成像信号对比度。可以看出多重靶向纳米探针对于肝脏磁共振信号的增强程度显著高于单一靶向探针,同时经肝细胞代谢至胆管的多重靶向纳米探针可以高分辨成像胆管,表明多重靶向纳米探针具有更高的肝细胞特异性,更好的胆管分辨率。
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述,这种描述没有限制性,实施例中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一,实际的实施方式并不局限于此。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示,在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下,不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的工艺流程以及实施例,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,其特征在于,所述纳米探针至少包括纳米颗粒和第一类基团和第二类基团,所述第一类基团和第二类基团互相配合使得所述纳米探针向目标组织的靶向富集;其中,所述第一类基团为负载于所述纳米颗粒表面的至少两种金属离子,所述第二类基团为负载于所述纳米颗粒表面的配体,通过调控第一类基团和第二类基团的组成和/或比例,以调控所述纳米探针向目标组织富集的程度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,其特征在于,所述第一类基团和所述第二类基团与所述目标组织的一个或多个受体结合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,其特征在于,所述一个或多个受体包括生物分子或细胞。
4.根据权利要求1-3所述的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,其特征在于,所述第一类基团和第二类基团与相同受体结合。
5.根据权利要求1-3所述的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,其特征在于,所述第一类基团和第二类基团与不同受体结合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,其特征在于,所述目标组织为病灶组织。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,其特征在于,所述目标组织为正常组织。
8.根据权利要求1所述的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针,其特征在于,所述金属离子包括人体所含的微量元素中的过渡金属元素中的至少一种;所述表面配体包括:抗体、多肽、核酸或有机小分子中的至少一种。
9.一种根据权利要求1所述的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备表面含有第一类基团的纳米颗粒;
(2)将第二类基团附接于步骤(1)得到的产物上以得到所述纳米探针。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述的基于表面配体和表面离子介导的靶向纳米探针的应用,其特征在于,所述靶向纳米探针应用于疾病的精准成像与治疗。
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