CN114532580A - Preparation method of cigar tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Preparation method of cigar tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN114532580A CN114532580A CN202210323970.XA CN202210323970A CN114532580A CN 114532580 A CN114532580 A CN 114532580A CN 202210323970 A CN202210323970 A CN 202210323970A CN 114532580 A CN114532580 A CN 114532580A
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- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C(=O)C1=O MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-RSJOWCBRSA-N aldehydo-D-galacturonic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-RSJOWCBRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of cigars, and particularly relates to a preparation method of cigar tobacco leaves. The method comprises the steps of firstly, extracting cigar stems to obtain cigar stem extractum, obtaining red date absolute oil from red dates, then mixing the red date absolute oil with tobacco extract, glucose, lactic acid, citric acid, linalool, isoamyl isovalerate and propylene glycol according to a certain proportion to obtain fermentation liquor, and adding the fermentation liquor into cigar tobacco raw materials to perform fermentation under the action of self-growing bacteria on the surfaces of tobacco leaves, so that nitrogen-containing compounds such as irritant nicotine and the like in the raw tobacco leaves are converted and decomposed, and the function of reducing miscellaneous gases is achieved; in addition, during the fermentation process, the fermentation products of the cigar stem extract, the red date absolute oil and the tobacco extract can effectively supplement the fragrance amount of the tobacco leaves, increase the softness and the sweet fragrance, and further obtain the cigar leaves with obviously reduced irritation and miscellaneous gas and obviously improved fragrance amount and aftertaste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cigars, and particularly relates to a preparation method of cigar tobacco leaves.
Background
Cigarettes, as a special consumer product, have a variety of smoking styles. Cigars are a type of cigarette products, the traditional concept of the cigar is that the whole cigarette is rolled by tobacco leaves, and the cigar has a typical cigar flavor, has strong taste and strength, and has a strong cigar fragrance characteristic. In recent years, Chinese cigar products are delivered for the cigarette manufacturers to eat, however, the quality difference between the Chinese cigar tobacco leaves and the imported cigar tobacco leaves exists greatly, compared with the imported cigar tobacco leaves, the Chinese cigar has poorer aroma level and aftertaste comfort degree which are mainly reflected in the defects of characteristic aroma, insufficient aroma concentration, obvious irritation and miscellaneous gas, heavier bitter taste and astringent taste and the like, so that the Chinese cigar tobacco leaves are the bottleneck for limiting the development of the Chinese cigar brand.
For cigars, the raw material plays a decisive role, and the treatment of cigar leaves is therefore of particular importance. Chinese patent CN 110959904A discloses a method for improving the quality of domestic cigars by rose tea, which comprises selecting high-quality dry roses, soaking in hot water according to a certain proportion, naturally cooling to 40 ℃ to obtain rose tea, then putting loose tobacco leaves into the rose tea to soak for 5-8min, taking out after soaking, draining, spreading until the moisture of the tobacco leaves is balanced and meets the technological requirements of cigars, rolling into cigars, putting into a maintenance cabinet, spreading the dry roses, and maintaining for 40-50 days under the temperature condition of 20-23 ℃ and the humidity condition of 60% -65% to obtain the finished cigars.
Although the invention reduces the miscellaneous smell of the domestic cigar tobacco leaves to a certain extent and reduces the irritation, the invention compensates the defects by adding the perfume externally, and loses the natural fragrance of the cigar tobacco leaves, thereby reducing the economic value of the cigar tobacco leaves. Therefore, the problems of the traditional method are solved for fundamentally reducing the irritation and the offensive odor of the domestic cigars and improving the fragrance level and the aftertaste.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of cigar tobacco leaves, which is characterized in that the cigar raw tobacco leaves are subjected to fermentation treatment under the action of an external fermentation liquid, so that chemical components in the cigar raw tobacco leaves are changed, and the cigar tobacco leaves with obviously reduced irritation and miscellaneous gases and obviously improved fragrance and aftertaste are obtained.
The fermentation can improve the quality of the tobacco leaves, thereby improving the availability of the tobacco leaves, and being an important way for solving the problem that the development of the current industry faces the shortage of high-quality raw materials. The tobacco fermentation refers to a process of aging tobacco under artificial strengthening conditions or natural conditions after the tobacco is baked (or aired) and redried. The process makes the tobacco content produce a series of chemical and biochemical changes, thus reducing the quality defect of the original tobacco, exposing the tobacco fragrance and obviously enhancing the smoking quality.
The traditional fermentation method of the cigar tobacco leaves is a stacking fermentation method, namely, the aired cigar tobacco leaves are bundled and stacked for fermentation. In order to better improve the overall quality of the cigar leaves, the prior art reports that exogenous enzyme preparations are added or exogenous microorganisms are inoculated in the cigar fermentation process, however, the enzymes are easy to inactivate in the using process, and the microorganisms are difficult to culture, so that the storage and fermentation conditions of the enzymes or the microorganisms are strict, the cost is high, and the enzymes or the microorganisms are not easy to obtain. The inventor of the application abandons the conventional method of adding enzyme or microorganism, and explores adding fermentation liquor containing rich nutrient substances into the cigar leaf fermentation process, and the fermentation liquor not only can change the chemical components of the tobacco leaves in the fermentation process, but also can generate characteristic aroma and improve the product quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of cigar tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out hot reflux extraction on the cigar stems to obtain cigar stem extractum;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the red dates to obtain red date absolute oil;
s3, mixing and stirring 10-20 wt% of cigar stem extract in S1, 5-10 wt% of red date absolute oil in S2, 1-5 wt% of glucose, 0.5-2.0 wt% of lactic acid, 0.5-2.0 wt% of citric acid, 0.5-1.0 wt% of tobacco extract, 0.05-0.20 wt% of linalool, 0.1-0.5 wt% of isoamyl isovalerate and 20-30 wt% of propylene glycol to obtain fermentation liquor.
S4, applying the fermentation liquid in the S3 to the cigar tobacco raw material, and fermenting in a closed environment to obtain the cigar tobacco.
A large amount of bacteria and mold exist on the surface of the raw material of the cigar tobacco leaves. The bacteria in the fermentation process are dominant flora, the proportion of mould is less, the bacteria mainly comprise bacillus and staphylococcus, and particularly the bacillus is dominant flora. Endogenous bacteria carried by the surfaces of the tobacco leaves have the functions of secreting cellulase, pectinase and protease. The traditional fermentation process basically packs and compresses the threshed and redried tobacco leaves, and utilizes the endogenous thalli of the tobacco leaves and the chemical components of the tobacco leaves to carry out natural aging fermentation, however, the natural aging fermentation conversion is slow, the nicotine content in the tobacco leaves is not changed greatly, the fragrance of the tobacco leaves is difficult to improve, and the characteristic fragrance is poor and the miscellaneous gas is obvious. The intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves is closely related to its chemical composition. The medium added in the cigar tobacco fermentation process is one direction explored by the cigar industry. Therefore, the method comprises the steps of firstly extracting cigar stem extract from cigar stems, extracting red date absolute oil from red dates, mixing the red date absolute oil with tobacco extract, glucose, lactic acid, citric acid, linalool, isoamyl isovalerate and propylene glycol, blending according to a certain proportion to obtain fermentation liquor, adding the fermentation liquor into cigar tobacco raw materials, and fermenting under the action of self-growing bacteria on the surfaces of tobacco leaves, so that nitrogen-containing compounds such as irritant nicotine and the like in raw tobacco leaves are converted and decomposed to form organic acid and ammonia gas, and the function of reducing miscellaneous gases is achieved; in addition, products generated by the cigar stem extract, the red date absolute oil and the tobacco extract in the fermentation process can effectively supplement the fragrance amount of the tobacco leaves, and increase the softness and the sweet fragrance.
The raw materials are the basis of the product quality, and the seven-component raw materials and the three-component technology fully reflect the dependence of the cigar products on the raw materials. The main components of the cigar stem extract and the tobacco extract are inorganic salt, sugar, plant alkali, pectin, lignin and a small amount of hemicellulose, and the substances are key for promoting the conversion of chemical components in the tobacco leaves, for example, the inorganic salt and the sugar provide nutrient substances for the tobacco leaf probiotics, and the lignin can be degraded to generate phenolic substances such as vanillin so as to provide the fragrance of cream and vanilla; hemicellulose is a mixed polysaccharide, and is degraded into monosaccharide and other compounds during fermentation process, and can provide taste and fragrance of butter, wine, baked bread and caramel; pectin is degraded into galacturonic acid after fermentation, so that the aroma texture can be effectively improved, the burning sensation and scorched smell are reduced, the sweet taste of smoke is increased, and the aftertaste is comfortable. In addition, small molecular substances generated by decomposing the polysaccharide, glucose and linalool can form glucoside releasing fragrance substances with alcohol and phenolic compounds in the tobacco leaves, thereby effectively promoting the conversion of the contents of the tobacco leaves.
Organic acids such as lactic acid and citric acid can absorb plant alkali, nicotine and alkaline substances such as ammonia gas generated in the fermentation process, and have the effects of reducing miscellaneous gases and reducing irritation. The red date is a traditional dry fruit with rich nutrition, has various nutrition and health care functions, particularly has higher sugar content, and the tobacco essence taking the red date as the raw material mainly comprises concentrated date juice, red date absolute oil, red date tincture, red date extract and the like. The red date absolute oil is prepared by extracting and distilling red dates, has higher purity compared with red date extractum, improves the content of furan, heterocyclic and ketone substances after fermentation, generates new pyrazine compounds, and can generate strong date fragrance and mellow fragrance to reduce the bitter and astringent feeling of original cigar tobacco leaves. The isoamyl isovalerate has apple-like fragrance, is mainly present in the tobacco leaves, is blended into fermentation liquor, further increases the taste of the tobacco leaves, and enables the prepared tobacco leaves to maintain the original characteristic fragrance while reducing irritation and miscellaneous gases. The propylene glycol is used as a medium of fermentation liquor, and has the effects of improving fragrance and enriching thick smoke feeling.
In order to fully extract the effective components in the tobacco stems, the method is used as a further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the hot reflux extraction in the S1 is 75-85 ℃.
As a further scheme of the invention: before the hot reflux extraction is performed in S1, the cigar stems are washed and crushed. The chemical components of the tobacco stem and the tobacco leaf are basically the same, but the content of cell wall substances in the tobacco stem is high, so that the fermentation process is influenced, more low-grade aldehydes are generated, the quality of the tobacco leaf is influenced, the tobacco stem is cleaned and crushed to remove the cell wall, and the contents are fully released in the reflux extraction process.
The traditional preparation method of the red date absolute oil comprises a solvent extraction method, a supercritical extraction method, a molecular distillation method and the like. These methods have high production cost and low yield of purified oil. In addition, because the components of the existing red date extract are complex, after the red date extract is added into tobacco, impurities in the red date extract can influence the smoking quality, and as a further scheme of the invention, the red date is subjected to ultrasonic extraction in S2 and then subjected to column chromatography separation and purification to obtain the red date absolute. The red date absolute oil after column chromatography separation has high purity and no solvent residue.
The type of the tobacco extract is not limited, and as a further scheme of the invention, the tobacco extract in the step S3 is one or more of a flue-cured tobacco extract, an air-cured tobacco extract, a burley tobacco extract and an aromatic tobacco extract. The tobacco extract has low nicotine content and characteristic fragrance close to that of cigar tobacco.
As a further scheme of the invention, the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor in the S4 to the tobacco leaf raw material is 1: (15-20) may be, for example, 1:15, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, 1:19, 1: 20. The addition within the range can ensure that the fermentation liquor is fully contacted with the tobacco leaf raw materials, so that the fermentation is more complete and the fermentation effect is better.
The moisture content of the tobacco leaf raw material has a large influence on the fermentation of the tobacco leaf, and is directly related to the fermentation quality of the tobacco leaf, such as color consistency, maturity, oil content and the like, and as a further scheme of the invention, the moisture content of the cigar tobacco leaf raw material in S4 is 25-30%. Too low or too high water content of the tobacco raw materials can influence the absorption of the tobacco raw materials on fermentation liquor, and further influence the fermentation and aroma production effects.
In the fermentation process of the cigar tobacco leaves, certain external environment is required to provide guarantee. The fermentation environment such as temperature, humidity and the like plays a decisive role in the fermentation process. Too high temperature can cause over-fermentation to reduce the quality of the tobacco leaves, and if the temperature is too low under a high humidity environment, the tobacco leaves are easy to go moldy. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the closed environment in S4 is 45 to 48 ℃, and the humidity is 75 to 90%.
In addition, the fermentation time is also a large factor affecting the fermentation effect, and the fermentation time in S4 is 15-20 days. The short fermentation time results in incomplete fermentation, the ideal fermentation fragrance-producing effect cannot be achieved, the fermentation time is too long, the fermentation is finished, and the comprehensive quality of the tobacco leaves is not obviously improved.
In the process of fermenting the cigar tobacco leaves, impure gases such as ammonia gas and the like can be generated, and the quality of the tobacco leaves can be influenced if the impure gases are not removed in time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining cigar stem extract from cigar stems, obtaining red date absolute oil from red dates, then mixing the red date absolute oil with tobacco extract, glucose, lactic acid, citric acid, linalool, isoamyl isovalerate and propylene glycol according to a certain proportion to obtain fermentation liquor, adding the fermentation liquor into cigar tobacco raw materials, and fermenting under the action of self-growing bacteria on the surfaces of tobacco leaves, so that nitrogen-containing compounds such as irritant nicotine and the like in the raw tobacco leaves are converted and decomposed, and the function of reducing miscellaneous gases is achieved; in addition, during the fermentation process, the fermentation products of the cigar stem extract, the red date absolute oil and the tobacco extract can effectively supplement the fragrance amount of the tobacco leaves, increase the softness and the sweet fragrance, and further obtain the cigar leaves with obviously reduced irritation and miscellaneous gas and obviously improved fragrance amount and aftertaste.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Example 1
A preparation method of cigar tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the cigar stem extract: the method comprises the following steps of pouring cigar stems into a feeding machine, enabling the cigar stems to enter a stem washing machine along with a conveying belt, setting the circulating water temperature to be 40 ℃, and changing water once every 3 hours; then putting the cleaned cigar stems into a crusher for crushing; adding the crushed cigar stems and 50% ethanol into an extraction tank according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:5, performing reflux extraction for 5 hours at the boiling temperature of 85 ℃, and filtering and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain cigar stem extract.
S2, preparing the red date absolute oil: removing core of fructus Jujubae (Shanxi, production area), oven drying, pulverizing to 10 mesh, adding into ultrasonic extraction tank with 50% ethanol at a material-liquid ratio of 1:5, and performing ultrasonic extraction at 45 deg.C for 35 min. Transferring the extract to a reverse resin chromatographic column for column chromatography, collecting the chromatographic solution, evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae extract, dissolving the fructus Jujubae extract with 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1:3, and evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae absolute.
S3, preparing fermentation liquor: according to the weight percentage, 20wt% of cigar stem extract in S1, 10wt% of red date absolute oil in S2, 5wt% of glucose, 2.0wt% of lactic acid, 2.0wt% of citric acid, 1.0wt% of flue-cured tobacco extract, 0.20wt% of linalool, 0.5wt% of isoamyl isovalerate and 30wt% of propylene glycol are mixed and stirred to obtain fermentation liquor.
S4, humidifying the cigar tobacco raw material by using a tobacco leaf conditioning machine (Guiyang Henghao photoelectricity), and controlling the moisture content of the tobacco leaf raw material to be 25% -30%. Uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor in the S3 and the tobacco leaf raw material on the surface of the tobacco leaf raw material according to the mass ratio of 1:20, and fermenting for 20 days in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box with the temperature of 45 ℃ and the humidity of 90%; and then, loosening the cigar tobacco leaves after fermentation, flatly paving the cigar tobacco leaves on a wood frame, operating the fresh air and exhaust system for 3 hours on average, and performing impurity removal treatment for 2 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves.
Example 2
S1, preparing the cigar stem extract: the method comprises the following steps of pouring cigar stems into a feeding machine, enabling the cigar stems to enter a stem washing machine along with a conveying belt, setting the circulating water temperature to be 40 ℃, and changing water once every 3 hours; then putting the cleaned cigar stems into a crusher for crushing; adding the crushed tobacco stems of the cigars and 50% ethanol into an extraction tank according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out reflux extraction for 5 hours at the temperature of 75 ℃, and filtering and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain the tobacco stem extract of the cigars.
S2, preparing the red date absolute oil: removing core of fructus Jujubae (Shanxi, production area), oven drying, pulverizing to 10 mesh, adding into ultrasonic extraction tank with 50% ethanol at a material-liquid ratio of 1:8, and performing ultrasonic extraction at 45 deg.C for 35 min. Transferring the extract to a reverse resin chromatographic column for column chromatography, collecting the chromatographic solution, evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae extract, dissolving the fructus Jujubae extract with 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1:3, and evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae absolute.
S3, preparing fermentation liquor: according to the weight percentage, 10wt% of cigar stem extract in S1, 5wt% of red date absolute oil in S2, 1wt% of glucose, 0.5wt% of lactic acid, 0.5wt% of citric acid, 0.5wt% of sun-cured tobacco extract, 0.05wt% of linalool, 0.1wt% of isoamyl isovalerate and 20wt% of propylene glycol are mixed and stirred to obtain fermentation liquor.
S4, humidifying the cigar tobacco raw material by using a tobacco leaf conditioning machine (Guiyang Henghao photoelectricity), and controlling the moisture content of the tobacco leaf raw material to be 25% -30%. Uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor in the S3 and the tobacco leaf raw material on the surface of the tobacco leaf raw material according to the mass ratio of 1:15, and fermenting for 15 days in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box with the temperature of 45 ℃ and the humidity of 90%; and then, loosening the cigar tobacco leaves after fermentation, flatly paving the cigar tobacco leaves on a wood frame, operating the fresh air and exhaust system for 3 hours on average, and performing impurity removal treatment for 2 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves.
Example 3
S1, preparing the cigar stem extract: the method comprises the following steps of pouring cigar stems into a feeding machine, enabling the cigar stems to enter a stem washing machine along with a conveying belt, setting the circulating water temperature to be 40 ℃, and changing water once every 3 hours; then putting the cleaned cigar stems into a crusher for crushing; adding the crushed tobacco stems of the cigars and 50% ethanol into an extraction tank according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:8, extracting for 3 hours under reflux at the boiling temperature of 80 ℃, filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain the tobacco stem extract of the cigars.
S2, preparing the red date absolute oil: removing core of fructus Jujubae (Shanxi, production area), oven drying, pulverizing to 10 mesh, adding into ultrasonic extraction tank with 50% ethanol at a material-liquid ratio of 1:6, and performing ultrasonic extraction at 45 deg.C for 35 min. Transferring the extract to a reverse resin chromatographic column for column chromatography, collecting the chromatographic solution, evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae extract, dissolving the fructus Jujubae extract with 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1:3, and evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae absolute.
S3, preparing fermentation liquor: according to the weight percentage, 15wt% of cigar stem extract in S1, 7wt% of red date absolute oil in S2, 2wt% of glucose, 1wt% of lactic acid, 1.5wt% of citric acid, 0.55wt% of burley tobacco extract, 0.1wt% of linalool, 0.2wt% of isoamyl isovalerate and 25wt% of propylene glycol are mixed and stirred to obtain fermentation liquor.
S4, humidifying the cigar tobacco raw material by using a tobacco leaf conditioning machine (Guiyang Henghao photoelectricity), and controlling the moisture content of the tobacco leaf raw material to be 25% -30%. Uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor in the S3 and the tobacco leaf raw material on the surface of the tobacco leaf raw material according to the mass ratio of 1:18, and fermenting for 15 days in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box with the temperature of 40 ℃ and the humidity of 75%; and then, loosening the cigar tobacco leaves after fermentation, flatly paving the cigar tobacco leaves on a wood frame, operating the fresh air and exhaust system for 3 hours on average, and performing impurity removal treatment for 2 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves.
Example 4
S1, preparing the cigar stem extract: the method comprises the following steps of pouring cigar stems into a feeding machine, enabling the cigar stems to enter a stem washing machine along with a conveying belt, setting the circulating water temperature to be 40 ℃, and changing water once every 3 hours; then putting the cleaned cigar stems into a crusher for crushing; adding the crushed tobacco stems of the cigars and 50% ethanol into an extraction tank according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:6, extracting for 4 hours under reflux at the temperature of 80 ℃, filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain the tobacco stem extract of the cigars.
S2, preparing the red date absolute oil: removing core of fructus Jujubae (Shanxi, production area), oven drying, pulverizing to 10 mesh, adding into ultrasonic extraction tank with 50% ethanol at a material-liquid ratio of 1:7, and performing ultrasonic extraction at 45 deg.C for 35 min. Transferring the extract to a reverse resin chromatographic column for column chromatography, collecting the chromatographic solution, evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae extract, dissolving the fructus Jujubae extract with 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1:3, and evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae absolute.
S3, preparing fermentation liquor: according to the weight percentage, 18wt% of cigar stem extract in S1, 8wt% of red date absolute oil in S2, 4wt% of glucose, 1.5wt% of lactic acid, 1wt% of citric acid, 0.8wt% of sun-cured tobacco extract, 0.15wt% of linalool, 0.3wt% of isoamyl isovalerate and 22wt% of propylene glycol are mixed and stirred to obtain fermentation liquor.
S4, humidifying the cigar tobacco raw materials by using a tobacco leaf conditioning machine (Guiyang Henghao photoelectricity), and controlling the moisture content of the tobacco raw materials to be 25% -30%. Uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor in the S3 and the tobacco leaf raw material on the surface of the tobacco leaf raw material according to the mass ratio of 1:16, and fermenting for 17 days in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box with the temperature of 45 ℃ and the humidity of 80%; and then, loosening the cigar tobacco leaves after fermentation, flatly paving the cigar tobacco leaves on a wood frame, operating the fresh air and exhaust system for 3 hours on average, and performing impurity removal treatment for 2 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves.
Example 5
S1, preparing the cigar stem extract: the method comprises the following steps of pouring cigar stems into a feeding machine, enabling the cigar stems to enter a stem washing machine along with a conveying belt, setting the circulating water temperature to be 40 ℃, and changing water once every 3 hours; then putting the cleaned cigar stems into a crusher for crushing; adding the crushed tobacco stems of the cigars and 50% ethanol into an extraction tank according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:10, carrying out reflux extraction for 5 hours at the temperature of 85 ℃, and filtering and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain the tobacco stem extract of the cigars.
S2, preparing the red date absolute oil: removing core of fructus Jujubae (Shanxi, production area), oven drying, pulverizing to 10 mesh, adding into ultrasonic extraction tank with 50% ethanol at a material-liquid ratio of 1:8, and performing ultrasonic extraction at 45 deg.C for 35 min. Transferring the extract to a reverse resin chromatographic column for column chromatography, collecting the chromatographic solution, evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae extract, dissolving the fructus Jujubae extract with 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1:3, and evaporating under reduced pressure to remove ethanol to obtain fructus Jujubae absolute.
S3, preparing fermentation liquor: according to the weight percentage, 13wt% of cigar stem extract in S1, 9wt% of red date absolute oil in S2, 4wt% of glucose, 0.8wt% of lactic acid, 0.6wt% of citric acid, 0.7wt% of aromatic tobacco extract, 0.11wt% of linalool, 0.2wt% of isoamyl isovalerate and 26wt% of propylene glycol are mixed and stirred to obtain fermentation liquor.
S4, humidifying the cigar tobacco raw material by using a tobacco leaf conditioning machine (Guiyang Henghao photoelectricity), and controlling the moisture content of the tobacco leaf raw material to be 25% -30%. Uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor in the S3 and the tobacco leaf raw material on the surface of the tobacco leaf raw material according to the mass ratio of 1:17, and fermenting for 15 days in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity box with the temperature of 45 ℃ and the humidity of 90%; and then, loosening the cigar tobacco leaves after fermentation, flatly paving the cigar tobacco leaves on a wood frame, operating the fresh air and exhaust system for 3 hours on average, and performing impurity removal treatment for 2 days to obtain the cigar tobacco leaves.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is that no fermentation broth is added in step S4.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that no cigar stem extract was added in step S3.
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 1 is that no red date absolute oil is added in step S3.
Comparative example 4
The only difference from example 1 is that lactic acid and citric acid were not added in step S3.
Evaluation of
The evaluation method comprises the following steps: cigar tobacco prepared by the embodiment of the invention and the comparative example is rolled into cigar products, 8 smoking experts form a smoking panel, samples and an organoleptic quality evaluation standard table are provided for the smoking experts, and each index is smoked according to the requirements of the table.
And (4) counting results: the result of the evaluation of all the evaluation experts is effective, the arithmetic mean value of the single evaluation result of each evaluation expert is calculated, the result is kept to 1 decimal, and the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 sensory quality evaluation results
As can be seen from table 1, compared with comparative example 1, the cigar leaf prepared by the invention has obviously improved aroma quality, aroma quantity, aftertaste and sweetness, obviously reduced miscellaneous gas and irritation, and integrally improved quality and quality of cigar, which shows the technical contribution of the cigar leaf fermented by the composite fermentation liquid of the invention;
the overall sensory quality of comparative example 2 was inferior to that of example 1, indicating the technical contribution of adding cigar stem extract to the fermentation broth;
the aroma characteristic and the taste characteristic of the comparative example 3 are obviously inferior to those of the example 1, which shows the technical contribution of adding the red date absolute oil in the fermentation liquor;
the offensive odor and irritation of comparative example 4 were slightly higher, indicating the technical contribution of adding lactic acid and citric acid to the fermentation broth.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the cigar tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out hot reflux extraction on the cigar stems to obtain cigar stem extractum;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the red dates to obtain red date absolute oil;
s3, mixing and stirring 1-5 wt% of glucose, 0.5-2.0 wt% of lactic acid, 0.5-2.0 wt% of citric acid, 0.5-1.0 wt% of tobacco extract, 0.05-0.20 wt% of linalool, 0.1-0.5 wt% of isoamyl isovalerate, 20-30 wt% of propylene glycol, 10-20 wt% of cigar stem extract in S1 and 5-10 wt% of red date absolute in S2 to obtain fermentation liquor;
s4, spraying the fermentation liquid in the step S3 on the cigar tobacco raw material, and fermenting in a closed environment to obtain the cigar tobacco.
2. The method for preparing cigar leaves according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the hot reflux extraction in S1 is 75-85 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cigar stem is washed and crushed before the hot reflux extraction is performed at S1.
4. The preparation method of cigar tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the red date is subjected to ultrasonic extraction in S2 and then subjected to column chromatography separation and purification to obtain the red date absolute.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tobacco extract in S3 is one or more of flue-cured tobacco extract, sun-cured tobacco extract, burley tobacco extract and aromatic tobacco extract.
6. The method for preparing cigar leaves according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquid to the cigar leaf raw material in S4 is 1: (15-20).
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the cigar leaf raw material in S4 is 25-30%.
8. The method for preparing cigar leaves according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the closed environment in S4 is 40-45 ℃ and the humidity is 75-90%.
9. The method for preparing cigar leaves according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation time in S4 is 15-20 days.
10. The cigar leaf preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the cigar leaf after completion of fermentation is subjected to impurity removal processing using an air exhaust system in S4.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115191641A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-10-18 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method and application of flue-cured tobacco extract with cigar flavor |
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