CN114530836B - Bidirectional direct current fault current limiter based on coupling inductor and control method thereof - Google Patents

Bidirectional direct current fault current limiter based on coupling inductor and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN114530836B
CN114530836B CN202210357285.9A CN202210357285A CN114530836B CN 114530836 B CN114530836 B CN 114530836B CN 202210357285 A CN202210357285 A CN 202210357285A CN 114530836 B CN114530836 B CN 114530836B
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CN114530836A (en
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王顺亮
周俊杰
马俊鹏
舒稷
秦科军
刘天琪
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Sichuan University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/025—Current limitation using field effect transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/005—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection avoiding undesired transient conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

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Abstract

The invention discloses a bidirectional direct current fault current limiter based on a coupling inductor and a control method thereof, wherein the bidirectional direct current fault current limiter comprises the coupling inductor, a discharge loop module and an energy absorption module; the coupling inductor is used for limiting the rise of fault current; the discharging loop module consists of a pre-charging capacitor and a current-limiting trigger switch module; the energy absorption module comprises a diode and a metal oxide lightning arrester; the coupling inductor is of a three-winding structure, a primary winding is connected in series with a main circuit and plays a role in limiting current, and a secondary winding is provided with two windings and is respectively used for limiting forward fault current and reverse fault current; the current-limiting trigger switch module is formed by connecting thyristors in series and comprises a forward switch and a reverse switch. According to the invention, only the primary winding of the coupling inductor is connected in series with the main circuit, the on-state loss is low, and only a half-control device is used, so that the cost is reduced; the pre-charging capacitor is used for discharging, a large reverse voltage is generated in the coupling inductor, the fault current can be reduced to a lower level in a short time, the fault clearing time is shortened, and the cost of the control module is reduced.

Description

Bidirectional direct current fault current limiter based on coupling inductor and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage direct-current transmission fault current limiters, in particular to a bidirectional direct-current fault current limiter based on coupling inductors and a control method thereof.
Background
The application of the flexible dc power transmission system is more and more widespread, but the development of the flexible dc power transmission system is limited, wherein a fault clearing method of the flexible dc power transmission system is a bottleneck. The direct current side of the flexible direct current transmission system contains a large capacitor, the short-circuit current rising rate of the system can reach 10kA/ms, the current amplitude can even reach thousands of amperes, and due to the fact that the damping of the direct current system is small, after the direct current side breaks down, the fault current rising speed is high, and damage can be caused to equipment in the system. The flexible direct current transmission system has high requirements on the breaking capacity of the direct current breaker, and will put more strict requirements on technology and investment. Therefore, a direct current fault current limiter needs to be researched to limit the fault current, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the pressure of the direct current breaker.
The proposed dc fault current limiter has many topologies, which are mainly divided into two categories: resistive current limiters and inductive current limiters. The resistive current limiter is mainly a superconducting current limiter, the characteristic of large resistance is utilized for current limiting by utilizing the quench of a superconducting material, but a cooling system is needed, the volume and the cost are increased, and the recovery speed of the superconducting material is low. The inductive current limiter is divided into: 1) The magnetic flux coupling type mainly utilizes the electromagnetic induction principle to generate a magnetic field according to current and change an inductance value, so that the magnetic flux coupling type presents a large inductance for current limiting when a fault occurs, and the scheme is most widely applied and most easily realized; 2) The current limiter has high response speed, but introduces the direct-current power supply or the permanent magnet, so that the cost is high and the volume is large; 3) The solid-state switching type is mainly based on a power electronic device to transfer fault current and then utilizes a current limiting element to limit the current, but the current limiter has high on-state loss and high cost by using a large number of power electronic devices. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a dc fault current limiter with better overall performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a bidirectional dc fault current limiter based on coupled inductors and a control method thereof, which have low conduction loss, good current limiting effect, low cost and simple control, and can significantly reduce the fault current level, and only use a half-controlled device. The technical scheme is as follows:
a bidirectional direct current fault current limiter based on a coupling inductor comprises the coupling inductor, a discharge loop module and an energy absorption module;
the coupling inductor comprises three windings, and the primary winding is a current-limiting coil L connected in series with the main circuit 1 For limiting the rise of the fault current; the secondary winding has two windings: forward induction coil L 2 And a reverse induction coil L 3 For limiting forward fault current and reverse fault current, respectively;
the discharge loop module comprisesA pre-charging capacitor C and a current-limiting trigger switch module; the current-limiting trigger switch module comprises two groups of thyristors which are connected in series, wherein one group of thyristors which are connected in series are used as a forward switch, and the anode of the thyristors is connected to a forward induction coil L 2 The synonym end of (1); another group of thyristors connected in series as a reverse switch, the anode of which is connected to a reverse induction coil L 3 The same name end of (2); one end of a pre-charging capacitor C is connected to the forward induction coil L 2 End of same name and reverse induction coil L 3 The other end of the differential-name terminals is connected to the cathodes of two groups of thyristors in series at the same time to form a forward fault discharge loop and a reverse fault discharge loop;
the energy absorption module comprises an energy absorption branch consisting of a diode and a metal oxide arrester which are connected in series, and the energy absorption branch is connected in parallel with two ends of the pre-charging capacitor C.
The hybrid direct current circuit breaker comprises a fast mechanical switch and a current transfer switch which are connected in series, and a main breaking switch connected in series into a main circuit; the quick mechanical switch, the current transfer switch and the main breaking switch are also connected in parallel at two ends of the metal oxide lightning arrester.
Furthermore, during normal operation: the pre-charging capacitor C is charged to the system voltage through the grounding resistor, and the normal operation current flows through the current-limiting coil L on the primary side of the coupling inductor 1 And current-limiting trigger switch locking:
when the direct current system fails:
s1: after the fault is detected, judging whether the fault is a forward fault or a reverse fault;
s2: after fault detection and judgment, a forward switch or a reverse switch of the current-limiting trigger switch is selected to be switched on according to the fault direction;
s3: the pre-charging capacitor C begins to discharge, and the discharge current flows into the positive induction coil L of the secondary side of the coupling inductor 2 Or a reverse induction coil L 3 At the current limiting coil L 1 Generating an induced voltage in a direction opposite to a system voltage to suppress a fault current from rising;
s4: when the direct current breaker breaks down, the fault current begins to drop, the capacitor finishes discharging and reversely charges, when the reverse charging voltage of the capacitor reaches the action voltage of the metal oxide arrester, the energy absorption module is conducted, and the capacitor and part of residual energy of the direct current system are absorbed by the energy absorption module.
Furthermore, in S1 and S2, after a fault is detected, a current transfer switch of the hybrid dc circuit breaker is turned on, and whether the fault is a forward fault or a reverse fault is determined, and if the fault is a forward fault, the forward switch module is turned on; if the direction is reverse, the reverse switch module is conducted; the fault current rise characteristic is as follows:
Figure GDA0003856191210000021
Figure GDA0003856191210000022
wherein i f For fault current, V dc Is a direct voltage, R dc Is a line resistance, I N For normal operating current of the system, τ 1 Is a line charging time constant, determined by equation (2); l is the inductance of the current-limiting winding of the current limiter, L line Is a line inductance; t is t 0 The time is the fault occurrence time, and t is any time after the fault occurs and before the protection device acts;
the induced voltage value in S3 is as follows:
Figure GDA0003856191210000031
wherein v is L-M To induce a voltage, N L The number of turns of the current-limiting winding,
Figure GDA0003856191210000032
is the magnetic flux of the discharge current at the primary side.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: according to the invention, only the primary winding of the coupling inductor is connected in series with the main circuit, so that the on-state loss is low, and only a half-control device is used, thereby reducing the cost; the pre-charging capacitor is used for discharging, a large reverse voltage is generated in the coupling inductor, the fault current can be reduced to a lower level in a short time, the fault clearing time is shortened, the control logic is simple, and the cost of the control module is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a bidirectional dc fault current limiter based on coupled inductors.
Fig. 2 is a control flow chart of a bidirectional dc fault current limiter based on coupled inductors.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid dc circuit breaker circuit.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of simulation results of a bidirectional dc fault current limiter based on coupled inductors.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the results of a bidirectional current limiting simulation of a bidirectional dc fault current limiter based on a coupled inductor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a bidirectional dc fault current limiter based on a coupled inductor includes a coupled inductor, a discharging loop module, and an energy absorbing module; the coupling inductor is used for limiting the rise of fault current; the discharging loop module consists of a pre-charging capacitor and a current-limiting trigger switch module; the energy absorption module comprises a series diode and a metal oxide arrester (MOV) which are connected in parallel with two ends of the pre-charging capacitor C.
The coupling inductor is of a three-winding structure, and the primary winding is a current-limiting coil L connected in series with the main circuit 1 For limiting the rise of the fault current; the secondary winding has two windings: forward direction induction coil L 2 And a reverse induction coil L 3 For limiting the forward fault current and the reverse fault current, respectively.
The discharging loop module comprises a pre-charging capacitor C and a current-limiting trigger switch module; the current-limiting trigger switch module comprises two groups of thyristors which are connected in series, wherein one group of thyristors which are connected in series are used as a forward switch, and the anode of the thyristors is connected to a forward induction coil L 2 The synonym end of (1); another group is connected in seriesThe thyristor of (a) as a reverse switch, the anode of which is connected to the reverse induction coil L 3 The same name end of (1); one end of a pre-charging capacitor C is connected to the forward induction coil L 2 End of same name and reverse induction coil L 3 The other end of the positive-polarity thyristor is connected to the cathodes of two groups of thyristors in series to form a positive fault discharge loop and a reverse fault discharge loop.
The current limiter is matched with a hybrid direct current breaker connected in series with a main circuit, the action flow after the fault is shown in figure 2, the circuit schematic diagram of the hybrid direct current breaker is shown in figure 3, the hybrid direct current breaker comprises a quick mechanical switch and a current transfer switch which are connected in series, and a main breaking switch which is connected in series with the main circuit; the quick mechanical switch, the current transfer switch and the main breaking switch are also connected in parallel at two ends of the metal oxide lightning arrester.
When the direct current system fails:
a) Carrying out fault detection, opening a current transfer switch of the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker after detecting a fault, simultaneously judging whether the fault is a forward fault or a reverse fault, and conducting a forward switch module if the fault is the forward fault; if the direction is reverse, the reverse switch module is conducted; the fault current rise characteristic is as follows:
Figure GDA0003856191210000041
Figure GDA0003856191210000042
wherein i f For fault current, V dc Is a direct voltage, R dc Is a line resistance, I N For normal operating current of the system, τ 1 The line charging time constant is determined by equation (2), L is a current-limiting winding inductance of a bidirectional DC fault current limiter based on a coupled inductor, L line Is line inductance, t 0 The time when the fault occurs is t, which is any time after the fault occurs and before the protection device acts.
b) The capacitor starts to discharge, the discharge current flows into the secondary side of the coupling inductor, and the primary winding of the coupling inductor generates an induction voltage with the direction opposite to the direction of the system voltage, so that the fault current is inhibited from rising, and the induction voltage value is as follows:
Figure GDA0003856191210000043
wherein v is L-M To induce a voltage, N L The number of turns of the current-limiting winding,
Figure GDA0003856191210000044
is the magnetic flux of the discharge current at the primary side. The magnitude of the induced voltage determines the current limiting effect.
c) After a certain current limiting time, a main breaker of the hybrid direct current breaker is opened, and the fault current begins to drop;
d) After the direct current breaker breaks down, the fault current begins to drop, the capacitor finishes discharging and reversely charges, when the reverse charging voltage of the capacitor reaches the MOV action voltage, the energy absorption module is conducted, the capacitor and part of residual energy of the direct current system are absorbed by the energy absorption module, the simulation result of the current limiting effect is shown in figure 4, and the simulation result of the bidirectional current limiting effect is shown in figure 5. It can be seen that the fault current peak value is reduced by 51.2%, and the fault clearing time is reduced by 48.6%.

Claims (4)

1. A bidirectional direct current fault current limiter based on a coupling inductor is characterized by comprising the coupling inductor, a discharge loop module and an energy absorption module;
the coupling inductor comprises three windings, and the primary winding is a current-limiting coil L connected in series with the main circuit 1 For limiting the rise of the fault current; the secondary winding has two windings: forward direction induction coil L 2 And a reverse induction coil L 3 For limiting forward fault current and reverse fault current, respectively;
the discharging loop module comprises a pre-charging capacitor C and a current-limiting trigger switch module; the current-limiting trigger switch module comprises two groups of thyristors which are connected in series and one group of thyristors which are connected in seriesThe tube acts as a forward switch, the anode of which is connected to the forward induction coil L 2 The synonym end of (2); another group of thyristors connected in series as a reverse switch having their anodes connected to a reverse induction coil L 3 The same name end of (1); one end of a pre-charging capacitor C is connected to the forward induction coil L 2 End of same name and reverse induction coil L 3 The other end of the positive-polarity-difference-voltage power supply is connected to the cathodes of two groups of thyristors in series connection to form a positive fault discharge loop and a reverse fault discharge loop;
the energy absorption module comprises an energy absorption branch consisting of a diode and a metal oxide arrester which are connected in series, and the energy absorption branch is connected in parallel with two ends of the pre-charging capacitor C.
2. The coupled inductance based bidirectional dc fault current limiter of claim 1 further comprising a hybrid dc circuit breaker for use with said current limiter, said hybrid dc circuit breaker including a fast mechanical switch and a current transfer switch in series, and a main disconnect switch in series into a main circuit; the quick mechanical switch, the current transfer switch and the main breaking switch are also connected in parallel at two ends of the metal oxide lightning arrester.
3. A method for controlling a coupled inductor based bidirectional dc fault current limiter according to claim 2, comprising:
when the normal work is carried out: the pre-charging capacitor C is charged to the system voltage through the grounding resistor, and the normal operation current flows through the current-limiting coil L on the primary side of the coupling inductor 1 And current-limiting trigger switch locking:
when the direct current system fails:
s1: after the fault is detected, judging whether the fault is a forward fault or a reverse fault;
s2: after fault detection and judgment, a forward switch or a reverse switch of the current-limiting trigger switch is selected to be switched on according to the fault direction;
s3: the pre-charging capacitor C begins to discharge, and the discharge current flows into the positive induction coil L of the secondary side of the coupling inductor 2 Or a reverse induction coil L 3 At the current limiting coil L 1 Generating an induced voltage in a direction opposite to a system voltage to suppress a fault current from rising;
s4: after the direct current breaker breaks down, the fault current begins to drop, the capacitor finishes discharging and reversely charges, when the reverse charging voltage of the capacitor reaches the action voltage of the metal oxide arrester, the energy absorption module is conducted, and the capacitor and part of residual energy of the direct current system are absorbed by the energy absorption module.
4. The control method according to claim 3, wherein in S1 and S2, after detecting the fault, the current transfer switch of the hybrid dc circuit breaker is turned on, and meanwhile, whether the fault is a forward fault or a reverse fault is determined, and if the fault is a forward fault, the forward switch module is turned on; if the direction is reverse, the reverse switch module is conducted; the fault current rise characteristic is as follows:
Figure FDA0003856191200000021
Figure FDA0003856191200000022
wherein i f For fault current, V dc Is a direct voltage, R dc Is a line resistance, I N For normal operating current of the system, τ 1 Is the line charging time constant, determined by equation (2); l is the inductance of the current-limiting winding of the current limiter, L line Is a line inductance; t is t 0 The moment when the fault occurs, t is any moment after the fault occurs and before the protection device acts;
the induced voltage value in S3 is as follows:
Figure FDA0003856191200000023
wherein v is L-M To induce a voltage, N L Current limitingThe number of winding turns is set,
Figure FDA0003856191200000024
is the magnetic flux of the discharge current at the primary side.
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