CN114530670B - Battery cell structure and secondary battery - Google Patents
Battery cell structure and secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114530670B CN114530670B CN202210048283.1A CN202210048283A CN114530670B CN 114530670 B CN114530670 B CN 114530670B CN 202210048283 A CN202210048283 A CN 202210048283A CN 114530670 B CN114530670 B CN 114530670B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of secondary batteries, and particularly relates to a battery cell structure and a secondary battery. When the temperature of the battery cell structure is increased, the hot melt adhesive of the positive plate is heated and contracted to open the film hole of the regulating film, and the semiconductor material of the negative plate is heated and expanded to pass through the film hole of the regulating film and contact with the positive current collector, so that short circuit occurs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of secondary batteries, and particularly relates to a battery core structure and a secondary battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, small self-discharge, wide working temperature range, no environmental pollution and the like, and is widely applied to various digital products and mobile equipment. With the continuous improvement of the fast charge performance and the energy density of the lithium ion battery, the thermal safety of the battery becomes a great challenge.
Commercial lithium ion batteries generally employ adjustments to the material system to improve the thermal stability of the battery, such as improving the doping coating of the cathode material to improve the thermal stability of the cathode active material; the thickness of the diaphragm is increased to reduce the thermal shrinkage of the diaphragm under the high temperature condition, so that the thermal stability of the battery is improved; the specific surface area of the anode material is reduced to reduce the activity of the anode material and improve the thermal stability. The method can improve the thermal safety of the lithium ion battery to a certain extent, reduce the probability of thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, but bring about the reduction of the energy density or the loss of the quick charge performance of the lithium ion battery, and can not thoroughly solve the thermal runaway at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objects of the present invention is: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the battery cell structure is provided, and can slowly release energy at high temperature, so that the problem of thermal runaway is solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a battery cell structure, includes positive plate, diaphragm and negative plate, the diaphragm is separated the positive plate with the negative plate, the positive plate includes positive current collector and coats in the hot melt adhesive of positive current collector, the negative plate includes negative current collector and coats in the semiconductor material of negative current collector, the diaphragm includes the membrane main part and with the regulation membrane that the membrane main part set up side by side, the aperture of regulation membrane is greater than the aperture of membrane main part, the hot melt adhesive sets up between positive current collector and regulation membrane, semiconductor material sets up between negative current collector and regulation membrane.
The membrane is provided with a membrane main body and an adjusting membrane, the membrane main body separates the positive current collector and the negative current collector, and is provided with a tiny membrane hole, is a porous membrane, can conduct ions, enables lithium ions to normally pass through the membrane to be transported back and forth between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, but physically isolates the contact of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery to stop short circuit; the regulating film has several bigger film holes, and when the temperature is raised to a certain value, the hot melt adhesive contracts to open the film holes and expose the positive electrode current collector, and the semiconductor material expands and passes through the film holes of the regulating film to contact with the positive electrode current collector, so that the positive and negative electrodes are short-circuited.
Preferably, the hot melt adhesive is a hot melt shrinkage hot melt adhesive, and the hot melt temperature of the hot melt adhesive is 90-130 ℃. The hot melt adhesive can shrink when being heated, so that the film holes of the regulating film are opened to expose the positive electrode current collector, the hot melt temperature of the hot melt adhesive is lower than that of the base film, and then energy can be released at a lower temperature, and thermal runaway is avoided.
Preferably, the aperture of the membrane main body is 0.01-4 mu m, and the aperture of the adjusting membrane is 100-600 mu m. The aperture of membrane main part is 0.01 mu m, 0.05 mu m, 0.1 mu m, 0.5 mu m, 1 mu m, 1.5 mu m, 2 mu m, 2.5 mu m, 3 mu m, 4 mu m, and the aperture of adjusting the membrane is 100 mu m, 120 mu m, 160 mu m, 220 mu m, 250 mu m, 300 mu m, 350 mu m, 460 mu m, 490 mu m, 520 mu m, 540 mu m, 580 mu m, 600 mu m.
Preferably, the pore size of the conditioning membrane is greater than the median particle size of the semiconductor material.
Preferably, the hot melt adhesive is coated on at least one edge of the positive electrode current collector, the semiconductor material is coated on at least one edge of the negative electrode current collector, and the hot melt adhesive coating area is opposite to the semiconductor material coating area. The hot melt adhesive application location and the semiconductor material application location may be set according to the use condition. The coating positions of the hot melt adhesive and the semiconductor material can be arranged around the current collector and can be arranged on one side edge of the current collector.
Preferably, the hot melt adhesive is coated on one side edge of the positive electrode current collector, the semiconductor material is coated on one side edge of the negative electrode current collector, and the hot melt adhesive coating area is opposite to the semiconductor material coating area. The hot melt adhesive is coated on one side edge of the current collector, and during processing, the hot melt adhesive is coated along the edge of the positive current collector in the tape running direction, and the semiconductor material is coated along the edge of the negative current collector in the tape running direction.
Preferably, the coating width of the hot melt adhesive on the positive electrode current collector is greater than or equal to 0.2mm, and the coating width of the semiconductor material on the negative electrode current collector is greater than or equal to 0.2mm. The coating width is set to be certain, so that the hot melt adhesive can be prevented from reducing the energy density of the battery, and the semiconductor material and the positive current collector can be shorted at high temperature, thereby avoiding thermal runaway of the battery.
Preferably, the semiconductor material is a semiconductor silicon-based material, and the semiconductor silicon-based material comprises at least one of silicon dioxide and nano silicon. The semiconductor silicon-based material can be used for inserting lithium and serving as an OH part of the edge of an anode sheet of the lithium ion battery, and normal electrochemical reaction of the area except the semiconductor at the edge of the anode sheet is not influenced, so that the energy density and the quick charge performance of the battery are not damaged.
Preferably, the positive electrode current collector is provided with a positive electrode tab, and the negative electrode current collector is provided with a negative electrode tab.
The second object of the present invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the secondary battery can slowly release energy at high temperature, thereby solving the problem of thermal runaway.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a secondary battery comprises electrolyte, a shell and the battery cell structure, wherein the shell is provided with the electrolyte and the battery cell structure. Specifically, the cell structure may be a winding structure and may be a lamination structure.
Wherein the active material layer coated on the current collector of the positive electrode sheet may include, but is not limited to, a chemical formula such as Li a Ni x Co y M z O 2-b N b (wherein 0.95.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.1.2, x)>0, y is greater than or equal to 0, z is greater than or equal to 0, and x+y+z=1, 0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.1, M is selected from a combination of one or more of Mn, al, N is selected from a combination of one or more of F, P, S), the positive electrode active material may further include, but is not limited to, liCoO 2 、LiNiO 2 、LiVO 2 、LiCrO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、LiCoMnO 4 、Li 2 NiMn 3 O 8 、LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 、LiCoPO 4 、LiMnPO 4 、LiFePO 4 、LiNiPO 4 、LiCoFSO 4 、CuS 2 、FeS 2 、MoS 2 、NiS、TiS 2 And the like. The positive electrode active material may be further subjected to a modification treatment, and a method of modifying the positive electrode active material should be known to those skilled in the art, for example, the positive electrode active material may be modified by coating, doping, etc., and the material used for the modification treatment may include, but is not limited to, one or more combinations of Al, B, P, zr, si, ti, ge, sn, mg, ce, W, etc. The positive current collector is usually a structure or a part for collecting current, and the positive current collector may be various materials suitable for being used as a positive current collector of a lithium ion battery in the field, for example, the positive current collector may include, but is not limited to, a metal foil, etc., and more specifically may include, but is not limited to, an aluminum foil, etc.
The active material layer coated on the current collector of the negative electrode sheet may include, but is not limited to, one or more of graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, carbon fiber, mesophase carbon microsphere, silicon-based material, tin-based material, lithium titanate, or other metals capable of forming an alloy with lithium, etc. Wherein, the graphite can be selected from one or more of artificial graphite, natural graphite and modified graphite; the silicon-based material can be one or more selected from simple substance silicon, silicon oxygen compound, silicon carbon compound and silicon alloy; the tin-based material can be selected from one or more of elemental tin, tin oxide and tin alloy. The negative current collector is typically a structure or part that collects current, and may be any of a variety of materials suitable in the art for use as a negative current collector for a lithium ion battery, for example, the negative current collector may include, but is not limited to, a metal foil or the like, and more particularly may include, but is not limited to, a copper foil or the like.
And the separator may be a variety of materials suitable for lithium ion battery separators in the art, and may include, for example, but not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, aramid, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, natural fibers, and the like.
The lithium ion battery also includes an electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt, and an additive. Wherein the electrolyte lithium salt can be LiPF used in high-temperature electrolyte 6 And/or LiBOB; liBF used in the low-temperature electrolyte may be used 4 、LiBOB、LiPF 6 At least one of (a) and (b); liBF used in the overcharge-preventing electrolyte may also be used 4 、LiBOB、LiPF 6 At least one of LiTFSI; liClO may also be 4 、LiAsF 6 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 At least one of them. And the organic solvent may be a cyclic carbonate, including PC, EC; chain carbonates are also possible, including DEC, DMC, or EMC; carboxylic esters, including MF, MA, EA, MP, and the like, are also contemplated. And additives include, but are not limited to, film forming additives, conductive additives, flame retardant additives, overcharge prevention additives, and control of H in electrolytes 2 At least one of an additive for O and HF content, an additive for improving low temperature performance, and a multifunctional additive.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the battery cell structure, the semiconductor material is arranged on the negative electrode, the hot melt adhesive is arranged on the positive electrode, the semiconductor material and the hot melt adhesive are respectively positioned on two sides of the regulating film, the aperture of the regulating film is larger than that of the film main body, during normal operation, the film main body separates the positive electrode current collector from the negative electrode current collector, the hot melt adhesive blocks the film hole of the regulating film, the semiconductor material is filled in the negative electrode current collector and cannot pass through the regulating film, when the temperature of the battery cell rises, the hot melt adhesive of the positive electrode plate is heated and contracted, the film hole of the regulating film is opened, the semiconductor material of the negative electrode plate is heated and expanded and passes through the film hole of the regulating film and contacts with the positive electrode current collector, so that short circuit occurs, and due to the large impedance of the semiconductor material, the short circuit current is small, the battery cell slowly releases energy, further temperature rise of the battery cell is avoided, and the problem of thermal runaway of the battery cell is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a separator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the positive electrode sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the negative electrode sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an assembled schematic view of the cell structure of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a positive plate; 11. a positive electrode current collector; 12. a hot melt adhesive; 13. a positive electrode active material; 2. a diaphragm; 21. a conditioning membrane; 22. a membrane body; 3. a negative electrode sheet; 31. a negative electrode current collector; 32. a semiconductor material; 33. negative electrode active material.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
1. The utility model provides a battery cell structure, includes positive plate 1, diaphragm 2 and negative plate 3, diaphragm 2 separates positive plate 1 with negative plate 3, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, positive plate 1 includes positive plate 11 and coats the hot melt adhesive 12 in positive plate 11, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, negative plate 3 includes negative plate 31 and coats the semiconductor material 32 in negative plate 31, as shown in fig. 1, diaphragm 2 includes membrane main part 22 and sets up in membrane main part 22's regulation membrane 21, the aperture of regulation membrane 21 is greater than the aperture of membrane main part 22, hot melt adhesive 12 sets up between positive plate 11 and regulation membrane 21, semiconductor material 32 sets up between negative plate 31 and regulation membrane 21. The positive electrode current collector 11 is coated with a hot melt adhesive 12 and a positive electrode active material 13, and the hot melt adhesive 12 is juxtaposed with the positive electrode active material 13. The anode current collector 31 is coated with a semiconductor material 32 and an anode active material 33, and the semiconductor material 32 is juxtaposed with the anode active material 33.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is a hot melt shrinkage hot melt adhesive 12, and the hot melt temperature of the hot melt adhesive 12 is 90 ℃.
Wherein the aperture of the membrane body 22 is 2 μm and the aperture of the conditioning membrane 21 is 250 μm.
Wherein, the aperture of the regulating film 21 is larger than the median particle diameter of the semiconductor material 32, and the D50 of the semiconductor material 32 is 120 mu m.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is coated on one side edge of the positive electrode current collector 11 along the running tape, the coating width is 0.2mm, the semiconductor material 32 is coated on one side edge of the negative electrode current collector 31 along the running tape, and the coating width is 0.2mm.
2. The secondary battery comprises a positive plate 1, a diaphragm 2, a negative plate 3, electrolyte and an aluminum plastic film, wherein the diaphragm 2 separates the positive plate 1 and the negative plate 3, the positive plate 1, the diaphragm 2 and the negative plate 3 are sequentially wound to form a coiled battery core, and the aluminum plastic film is used for installing and packaging the coiled battery core and the electrolyte to form the secondary battery.
Example 2
1. The utility model provides a battery cell structure, includes positive plate 1, diaphragm 2 and negative plate 3, diaphragm 2 separates positive plate 1 with negative plate 3, positive plate 1 includes positive current collector 11 and coats in positive current collector 11's hot melt adhesive 12, negative plate 3 includes negative current collector 31 and coats in negative current collector 31's semiconductor material 32, and diaphragm 2 includes membrane main part 22 and sets up in membrane main part 22's adjustment membrane 21, the aperture of adjustment membrane 21 is greater than membrane main part 22's aperture, hot melt adhesive 12 sets up between positive current collector 11 and adjustment membrane 21, semiconductor material 32 sets up between negative current collector 31 and adjustment membrane 21.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is a hot melt shrinkage hot melt adhesive 12, and the hot melt temperature of the hot melt adhesive 12 is 100 ℃.
Wherein the aperture of the membrane body 22 is 3 μm and the aperture of the conditioning membrane 21 is 300 μm.
Wherein, the aperture of the regulating film 21 is larger than the median particle diameter of the semiconductor material 32, and the D50 of the semiconductor material 32 is 120 mu m.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is coated on one side edge of the positive electrode current collector 11 along the running tape, the coating width is 0.3mm, the semiconductor material 32 is coated on one side edge of the negative electrode current collector 31 along the running tape, and the coating width is 0.3mm.
2. The secondary battery comprises a positive plate 1, a diaphragm 2, a negative plate 3, electrolyte and an aluminum plastic film, wherein the diaphragm 2 separates the positive plate 1 and the negative plate 3, the positive plate 1, the diaphragm 2 and the negative plate 3 are sequentially wound to form a coiled battery core, and the aluminum plastic film is used for installing and packaging the coiled battery core and the electrolyte to form the secondary battery.
Example 3
The utility model provides a battery cell structure, includes positive plate 1, diaphragm 2 and negative plate 3, diaphragm 2 separates positive plate 1 with negative plate 3, positive plate 1 includes positive current collector 11 and coats in positive current collector 11's hot melt adhesive 12, negative plate 3 includes negative current collector 31 and coats in negative current collector 31's semiconductor material 32, and diaphragm 2 includes membrane main part 22 and sets up in membrane main part 22's adjustment membrane 21, the aperture of adjustment membrane 21 is greater than membrane main part 22's aperture, hot melt adhesive 12 sets up between positive current collector 11 and adjustment membrane 21, semiconductor material 32 sets up between negative current collector 31 and adjustment membrane 21.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is a hot melt shrinkage hot melt adhesive 12, and the hot melt temperature of the hot melt adhesive 12 is 120 ℃.
Wherein the aperture of the membrane body 22 is 4 μm and the aperture of the conditioning membrane 21 is 500 μm.
Wherein, the aperture of the regulating film 21 is larger than the median particle diameter of the semiconductor material 32, and the D50 of the semiconductor material 32 is 300 mu m.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is coated on one side edge of the positive electrode current collector 11 along the running tape, the coating width is 0.4mm, the semiconductor material 32 is coated on one side edge of the negative electrode current collector 31 along the running tape, and the coating width is 0.4mm.
2. The secondary battery comprises a positive plate 1, a diaphragm 2, a negative plate 3, electrolyte and an aluminum plastic film, wherein the diaphragm 2 separates the positive plate 1 and the negative plate 3, the positive plate 1, the diaphragm 2 and the negative plate 3 are sequentially wound to form a coiled battery core, and the aluminum plastic film is used for installing and packaging the coiled battery core and the electrolyte to form the secondary battery.
Example 4
The utility model provides a battery cell structure, includes positive plate 1, diaphragm 2 and negative plate 3, diaphragm 2 separates positive plate 1 with negative plate 3, positive plate 1 includes positive current collector 11 and coats in positive current collector 11's hot melt adhesive 12, negative plate 3 includes negative current collector 31 and coats in negative current collector 31's semiconductor material 32, and diaphragm 2 includes membrane main part 22 and sets up in membrane main part 22's adjustment membrane 21, the aperture of adjustment membrane 21 is greater than membrane main part 22's aperture, hot melt adhesive 12 sets up between positive current collector 11 and adjustment membrane 21, semiconductor material 32 sets up between negative current collector 31 and adjustment membrane 21.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is a hot melt shrinkage hot melt adhesive 12, and the hot melt temperature of the hot melt adhesive 12 is 130 ℃.
Wherein the aperture of the membrane body 22 is 0.1 μm and the aperture of the conditioning membrane 21 is 110 μm.
Wherein, the aperture of the regulating film 21 is larger than the median particle diameter of the semiconductor material 32, and the D50 of the semiconductor material 32 is 90 mu m.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is coated on one side edge of the positive electrode current collector 11 along the running tape, the coating width is 0.5mm, the semiconductor material 32 is coated on one side edge of the negative electrode current collector 31 along the running tape, and the coating width is 0.5mm.
2. The secondary battery comprises a positive plate 1, a diaphragm 2, a negative plate 3, electrolyte and an aluminum plastic film, wherein the diaphragm 2 separates the positive plate 1 and the negative plate 3, the positive plate 1, the diaphragm 2 and the negative plate 3 are sequentially wound to form a coiled battery core, and the aluminum plastic film is used for installing and packaging the coiled battery core and the electrolyte to form the secondary battery.
Example 5
The utility model provides a battery cell structure, includes positive plate 1, diaphragm 2 and negative plate 3, diaphragm 2 separates positive plate 1 with negative plate 3, positive plate 1 includes positive current collector 11 and coats in positive current collector 11's hot melt adhesive 12, negative plate 3 includes negative current collector 31 and coats in negative current collector 31's semiconductor material 32, and diaphragm 2 includes membrane main part 22 and sets up in membrane main part 22's adjustment membrane 21, the aperture of adjustment membrane 21 is greater than membrane main part 22's aperture, hot melt adhesive 12 sets up between positive current collector 11 and adjustment membrane 21, semiconductor material 32 sets up between negative current collector 31 and adjustment membrane 21.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is a hot melt shrinkage hot melt adhesive 12, and the hot melt temperature of the hot melt adhesive 12 is 105 ℃.
Wherein the aperture of the membrane body 22 is 1 [ mu ] m, and the aperture of the adjusting membrane 21 is 450 [ mu ] m.
Wherein, the aperture of the regulating film 21 is larger than the median particle diameter of the semiconductor material 32, and the D50 of the semiconductor material 32 is 300 mu m.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is coated on one side edge of the positive electrode current collector 11 along the running tape, the coating width is 0.2mm, the semiconductor material 32 is coated on one side edge of the negative electrode current collector 31 along the running tape, and the coating width is 0.2mm.
2. The secondary battery comprises a positive plate 1, a diaphragm 2, a negative plate 3, electrolyte and an aluminum plastic film, wherein the diaphragm 2 separates the positive plate 1 and the negative plate 3, the positive plate 1, the diaphragm 2 and the negative plate 3 are sequentially wound to form a coiled battery core, and the aluminum plastic film is used for installing and packaging the coiled battery core and the electrolyte to form the secondary battery.
Example 6
The utility model provides a battery cell structure, includes positive plate 1, diaphragm 2 and negative plate 3, diaphragm 2 separates positive plate 1 with negative plate 3, positive plate 1 includes positive current collector 11 and coats in positive current collector 11's hot melt adhesive 12, negative plate 3 includes negative current collector 31 and coats in negative current collector 31's semiconductor material 32, and diaphragm 2 includes membrane main part 22 and sets up in membrane main part 22's adjustment membrane 21, the aperture of adjustment membrane 21 is greater than membrane main part 22's aperture, hot melt adhesive 12 sets up between positive current collector 11 and adjustment membrane 21, semiconductor material 32 sets up between negative current collector 31 and adjustment membrane 21.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is a hot melt shrinkage hot melt adhesive 12, and the hot melt temperature of the hot melt adhesive 12 is 125 ℃.
Wherein the aperture of the membrane body 22 is 2 μm and the aperture of the conditioning membrane 21 is 250 μm.
Wherein, the aperture of the regulating film 21 is larger than the median particle diameter of the semiconductor material 32, and the D50 of the semiconductor material 32 is 120 mu m.
The hot melt adhesive 12 is coated on one side edge of the positive electrode current collector 11 along the running tape, the coating width is 0.2mm, the semiconductor material 32 is coated on one side edge of the negative electrode current collector 31 along the running tape, and the coating width is 0.2mm.
2. The secondary battery comprises a positive plate 1, a diaphragm 2, a negative plate 3, electrolyte and an aluminum plastic film, wherein the diaphragm 2 separates the positive plate 1 and the negative plate 3, the positive plate 1, the diaphragm 2 and the negative plate 3 are sequentially wound to form a coiled battery core, and the aluminum plastic film is used for installing and packaging the coiled battery core and the electrolyte to form the secondary battery.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is that: the positive plate 1, the diaphragm 2 and the negative plate 3 are sequentially stacked to form a laminated battery cell.
The remainder is the same as in example 1 and will not be described again here.
Comparative example 1
The secondary battery comprises a positive plate 1, a negative plate 3, a diaphragm 2, electrolyte and an aluminum plastic film shell, wherein the positive plate 1 comprises a positive current collector 11 and a positive active substance coated on one side surface of the positive current collector 11, the negative plate 3 comprises a negative current collector 31 and a negative active substance coated on one side surface of the negative current collector 31, the diaphragm 2 separates the positive plate 1 and the negative plate 3, and the aluminum plastic film shell is used for mounting the positive plate 1, the diaphragm 2, the negative plate 3 and the electrolyte in a sealing package. Wherein the positive current collector 11 is aluminum foil, the negative current collector 31 is copper foil, and the diaphragm 2 is polypropylene diaphragm 2.
Performance test: the secondary batteries prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 1 above were subjected to a charge and discharge capacity retention rate test 300 times and a heat resistance test at 135 deg.c, and the test results are recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the above table 1, the secondary battery of the present invention has better heat resistance than the secondary battery of comparative example 1, effectively solving the thermal runaway problem, thereby providing a better capacity retention rate of the battery. The semiconductor material 32 is arranged at the negative electrode, the hot melt adhesive 12 is arranged at the positive electrode, the semiconductor material 32 and the hot melt adhesive 12 are respectively positioned at two sides of the regulating film 21, the aperture of the regulating film 21 is larger than that of the film main body 22, the film main body 22 separates the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 31 in normal operation, the hot melt adhesive 12 blocks the film aperture of the regulating film 21, the semiconductor material 32 is filled in the negative electrode current collector 31 and cannot pass through the regulating film 21, when the temperature of the battery cell rises, the hot melt adhesive 12 of the positive electrode plate 1 is heated and contracted, the film aperture of the regulating film 21 is opened, the semiconductor material 32 of the negative electrode plate 3 is heated and expanded to pass through the film aperture of the regulating film 21 and is contacted with the positive electrode current collector 11, so that short circuit occurs.
Variations and modifications of the above embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from the foregoing disclosure and teachings. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is intended to be capable of modification, substitution or variation in light thereof, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings. In addition, although specific terms are used in the present specification, these terms are for convenience of description only and do not limit the present invention in any way.
Claims (9)
1. The battery cell structure is characterized by comprising a positive plate, a diaphragm and a negative plate, wherein the diaphragm separates the positive plate from the negative plate, the positive plate comprises a positive current collector and hot melt adhesive coated on the positive current collector, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector and semiconductor materials coated on the negative current collector, the diaphragm comprises a film main body and an adjusting film arranged in parallel with the film main body, the aperture of the adjusting film is larger than that of the film main body, the hot melt adhesive is arranged between the positive current collector and the adjusting film, and the semiconductor materials are arranged between the negative current collector and the adjusting film;
the semiconductor material is a semiconductor silicon-based material, and the semiconductor silicon-based material comprises at least one of silicon dioxide and nano silicon;
when the temperature increases, the hot melt adhesive is heated to shrink, causing the pores of the conditioning film to open, and the semiconductor material is heated to expand and pass through the pores of the conditioning film and contact the positive current collector, thereby causing a short circuit.
2. The cell structure of claim 1, wherein the hot melt adhesive is a hot melt shrinkage hot melt adhesive, and the hot melt temperature of the hot melt adhesive is 90-130 ℃.
3. The cell structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aperture of the membrane body is 0.01-4 μm and the aperture of the conditioning membrane is 100-600 μm.
4. The cell structure of claim 3, wherein the conditioning membrane has a pore size greater than the median particle size of the semiconductor material.
5. The cell structure of claim 1, wherein the hot melt adhesive is applied to at least one edge of the positive current collector, the semiconductor material is applied to at least one edge of the negative current collector, and the hot melt adhesive-coated region is opposite the semiconductor material-coated region.
6. The cell structure of claim 5, wherein the hot melt adhesive is applied to a side edge of the positive current collector, the semiconductor material is applied to a side edge of the negative current collector, and the hot melt adhesive-applied region is opposite to the semiconductor material-applied region.
7. The cell structure of claim 6, wherein the coating width of the hot melt adhesive on the positive electrode current collector is greater than or equal to 0.2mm, and the coating width of the semiconductor material on the negative electrode current collector is greater than or equal to 0.2mm.
8. The cell structure of claim 1, wherein the positive current collector is provided with a positive tab and the negative current collector is provided with a negative tab.
9. A secondary battery comprising an electrolyte, a case, and the cell structure of any one of claims 1 to 8, the case housing the electrolyte and the cell structure.
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