CN114527528A - Processing method of blazed grating and optical variable device based on blazed grating - Google Patents
Processing method of blazed grating and optical variable device based on blazed grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN114527528A CN114527528A CN202210120725.9A CN202210120725A CN114527528A CN 114527528 A CN114527528 A CN 114527528A CN 202210120725 A CN202210120725 A CN 202210120725A CN 114527528 A CN114527528 A CN 114527528A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method of a blazed grating and an optical variable device based on the blazed grating. A method for processing a blazed grating, comprising the steps of: applying elliptical vibration to the cutter, wherein the period of the elliptical vibration is divided into a front half and a rear half; in the first half, the cutter carries out cutting processing on the workpiece and removes materials; in the second half, the tool performs plastic forming processing on the workpiece to form a blazed surface of the blazed grating. According to the processing method of the blazed grating, the mode of applying the elliptical vibration to the cutter is adopted, the period of the elliptical vibration is divided into the first half and the second half, and each vibration period can be used for processing one blazed grating, so that the high-efficiency processing of the blazed grating is realized, the combined processing mode of cutting and plastic forming is realized in each vibration period, and the rapid forming of the blazed surface of the blazed grating is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-nano optical processing, in particular to a blazed grating processing method and an optical variable device based on the blazed grating.
Background
Blazed gratings, also known as echelettes, are a special form of reflective or transmissive diffraction gratings designed to produce maximum diffraction efficiency at a particular diffraction order. This means that most of the optical power will be at the design diffraction order while minimizing the power of other orders.
Mechanical scribing is the most traditional method of fabricating blazed gratings and has a long history. Although the photoetching technology and the laser holographic processing are widely applied to the technology of manufacturing the plane diffraction grating of the master plate at present. However, it is difficult to process gratings having a special groove, such as an infrared blazed grating, due to the problems of the high processing cost of the photolithography technique, the limited processing capability of the laser holography processing on the high-density diffraction grating, and the like. Therefore, the traditional processing method of mechanical scribing is still required for manufacturing the high-density blazed grating. The core idea of mechanical scribing to fabricate diffraction gratings mainly comes from the shaping-type machining. On a special grating ruling machine, a working platform drives a grating blank to do indexing motion according to a grating constant, and a fixed cutter bridge provided with a diamond ruling tool does reciprocating motion. Although the mechanical scribing method has the characteristics that the grating groove shape is easy to control, the machining efficiency is low when the dimension of the grating is reduced to be close to the visible light wave, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a blazed grating processing method and an optical variable device based on the blazed grating, which solve the problem that the conventional blazed grating manufacturing method has low processing efficiency.
On one hand, the processing method of the blazed grating comprises the following steps:
applying elliptical vibration to the cutter, wherein the period of the elliptical vibration is divided into a first half and a second half;
in the first half process, the cutter performs cutting processing on the workpiece to remove materials;
in the latter half, the cutter performs plastic forming processing on the workpiece to form a blazed surface of the blazed grating.
According to the processing method of the blazed grating, the mode of applying the elliptical vibration to the cutter is adopted, the period of the elliptical vibration is divided into a first half and a second half, and each vibration period can be processed to form the blazed grating, so that the high-efficiency processing of the blazed grating is realized; in the first half of each vibration period, the cutter carries out cutting processing on the workpiece, and material removal is carried out; in the latter half of each vibration period, the cutter carries out plastic forming processing on the workpiece to form the blazed surface of the blazed grating, so that a combined processing mode of cutting and plastic forming is realized in each vibration period, the rapid forming of the blazed surface of the blazed grating is promoted, and compared with a traditional manufacturing method of the blazed grating, the processing efficiency is higher.
In one embodiment, a plurality of blazed gratings are processed by applying a nominal cutting speed while applying elliptical vibration to the cutter, a plurality of blazed gratings with the same specification in one pixel length form a blazed grating group, and the direction of the nominal cutting speed is the same as the front side orientation of the cutter.
In one embodiment, the processing method of the blazed grating further comprises the following steps:
processing a plurality of blazed grating groups by superposing elliptical vibration with a first nominal cutting speed along a first cutting direction to form a first blazed grating array;
the cutter rotates by taking the normal of the base plane of the workpiece as an axis;
the cutter moves to generate a first feeding amount;
and processing a plurality of blazed grating groups by superposing the elliptical vibration with a second nominal cutting speed along a second cutting direction to form a second blazed grating array.
In one embodiment, the processing method of the blazed grating further comprises the following steps:
the tool movement produces a first amount of translation,
and superposing the first nominal cutting speed by using the elliptical vibration along a first cutting direction, and processing a plurality of mutually parallel first blazed grating columns to form a first blazed grating array.
In one embodiment, the processing method of the blazed grating further comprises the following steps:
the tool produces a second amount of translation,
and superposing the second nominal cutting speed by using the elliptical vibration along a second cutting direction, and processing a plurality of second blazed grating columns which are parallel to each other to form a second blazed grating array.
In one embodiment, the tool is rotated by an angle of 180 ° about a normal line of a base plane of the workpiece, the first cutting direction is opposite to the second cutting direction, the blaze direction of the first blazed grating row is a first blaze direction, the blaze direction of the second blazed grating row is a second blaze direction, and the first blaze direction and the second blaze direction are symmetrical to each other about the normal line of the base plane of the workpiece.
In one embodiment, the tool is rotated by an angle of 90 ° about a normal line of a base plane of the workpiece, the first cutting direction and the second cutting direction are orthogonal to each other, the blaze direction of the first blazed grating row is a first blaze direction, the blaze direction of the second blazed grating row is a second blaze direction, and the first blaze direction and the second blaze direction are orthogonal to each other.
In one embodiment, the magnitude of the first nominal cutting speed and the magnitude of the second nominal cutting speed can be changed in units of pixels.
In one embodiment, the tool is a diamond tool.
In one embodiment, the direction angle of the locus of the elliptical vibration is 0 ° to 90 °.
On the other hand, the blazed grating-based optical variable device comprises a workpiece, wherein a first blazed grating array and a second blazed grating array are arranged on the workpiece in rows, the first blazed grating array comprises a plurality of blazed grating groups which are arranged in a row and the blazed direction of the first blazed grating group is the first blazed direction, the second blazed grating array comprises a plurality of blazed grating groups which are arranged in a row and the blazed direction of the second blazed grating group is the second blazed direction, a plurality of blazed gratings with the same specification in one pixel length form one blazed grating group, and the first blazed direction and the second blazed direction are orthogonal to each other or are mutually symmetrical by taking the base plane normal of the workpiece as an axis.
In the above-described blazed grating-based optically variable device, the first blazed grating row and the second blazed grating row are arranged in a row on the workpiece, the first blazed direction and the second blazed direction are orthogonal to each other or are symmetrical to each other with the base plane normal of the workpiece as an axis, and the observation direction is changed by 180 ° or 90 ° by rotating the blazed grating-based optically variable device by 180 ° or 90 °, and the two groups of pictures can be observed by observing in the first blazed direction and the second blazed direction, respectively. Two groups of information can be coupled on the same optical variable device based on the blazed grating through the device, the information on the same plane can be decoupled by changing the observation direction or the placement position of a rotating workpiece, the diversity and the richness of information transmission are expanded, and the device can be applied to the fields of laser decoupling, anti-counterfeiting marks, encryption transmission and the like.
In one embodiment, a plurality of rows of the first blazed grating arrays and a plurality of rows of the second blazed grating arrays are arranged on the workpiece, the plurality of rows of the first blazed grating arrays are arranged in rows to form a first blazed grating array, the plurality of rows of the second blazed grating arrays form a second blazed grating array, and the first blazed grating array and the second blazed grating array are arranged adjacently or mutually alternately.
In one embodiment, the grating pitches of the different blazed grating groups of the first blazed grating column are the same or different; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the grating pitches of different blazed grating groups of the second blazed grating column are the same or different.
In one embodiment, the grating depths of different blazed grating groups of the first blazed grating column are the same or different; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the grating depths of different blazed grating groups of the second blazed grating column are the same or different.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a basic parameter diagram of a blazed grating according to an exemplary method of processing a blazed grating;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a blazed grating processing method according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a blazed grating group processing method according to an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a blazed grating based optically variable device of the first embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the visual effect of the blazed grating based optically variable device of the first embodiment as viewed from a first blaze direction;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the visual effect of the blazed grating based optically variable device of the first embodiment as viewed from a second blaze direction;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a blazed grating based optically variable device of a second embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the visual effect of a blazed grating based optically variable device of the second embodiment as viewed from a first blaze direction;
fig. 9 is a visual effect diagram of the blazed grating based optically variable device of the second embodiment viewed from the second blaze direction.
In the figure:
1. a cutter; 2. a nominal cutting speed; 3. an elliptical vibration trajectory; 4. a direction angle; 5. a workpiece; 6. a nominal depth of cut direction; 7. a semi-major axis; 8. a semi-minor axis; 9. a nominal depth of cut; 10. a relief angle; 11. a raw surface; 12. synthesizing a processing track; 13. blazed grating; 14. a blaze angle; 15. the first half; 16. the second half; 17. a grating pitch;
100. the blazed grating based optically variable device of the first embodiment; 101. a white light irradiation direction; 102. a base plane normal direction of the workpiece; 103. a first feed direction; 104. a first feed amount; 105. a length of one pixel; 110. a first blazed grating array; 111. a first blazed grating row; 120. a second blazed grating array; 121. a second blazed grating column; 131. a first cutting direction; 132. a second cutting direction; 141. a first blaze direction; 142. a second blaze direction;
200. a blazed grating based optically variable device of the second embodiment; 201. a white light irradiation direction; 202. a base plane normal direction of the workpiece; 203. a first feed direction; 204. a first feed amount; 205. a second feed direction; 206. a second feed amount; 210. a first blazed grating array; 211. a first blazed grating row; 220. a second blazed grating array; 221. a second blazed grating column; 231. a first cutting direction; 232. a second cutting direction; 241. a first blaze direction; 242. a second blaze direction.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, as those skilled in the art will recognize without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are for purposes of illustration only and do not denote a single embodiment.
In one aspect, the present application provides a method for processing a blazed grating according to an embodiment, including the steps of:
and S01, applying elliptical vibration to the cutter, wherein the period of the elliptical vibration is divided into a first half and a second half.
S02, in the first half, the tool cuts the workpiece to remove the material.
And S03, in the second half, the cutter carries out plastic forming processing on the workpiece to form a blazed surface of the blazed grating.
Referring first to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows the basic parameters of a blazed grating. The blazed grating mainly comprises a blazed grating plane and a blazed surface. Furthermore, an angle between the blazed surface and the blazed grating plane is a blazed angle, and an angle between a normal of the blazed surface and a normal of the blazed grating plane is equal to the blazed angle. Wherein, the normal direction of the blazed surface is the blazed direction of the blazed grating. The distance between two adjacent blazed grating groups is the grating pitch.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a processing schematic diagram of the processing method of the blazed grating of the present embodiment. By applying an elliptical vibration to the tool 1, an elliptical vibration trajectory 3 of the tool 1 is obtained. Wherein, the central position of the elliptical vibration track 3 is determined according to the nominal cutting depth 9 in the processing process of the blazed grating. Typically, the nominal cutting depth direction 6 is directed towards the blazed grating plane.
Further, the elliptical vibration trajectory 3 of the tool 1 is generated by a vibration generating device based on resonance or non-resonance. The frequency of the elliptical vibration is determined by the capabilities of the vibration generating device. Preferably, in the present embodiment, the elliptical vibration frequency of the tool 1 is 2000Hz, which realizes efficient processing of blazed gratings. In other embodiments, the elliptical vibration frequency may be increased to a higher order according to the capability of the actual vibration generating device, and is not limited herein.
Further, the tool 1 in this embodiment is a diamond tool, which may be a natural diamond material or a synthetic diamond material, and because the diamond material has a characteristic of high hardness, the processing effect of blazed gratings can be ensured.
Optionally, the radius of the front end of the cutter 1 is 500um-700um, the front angle is 0-5 ° and the rear angle 10 is 5-15 °. Wherein, the front angle of the cutter 1 is the included angle between the front side plane of the cutter 1 and the normal of the base plane of the workpiece 5; the relief angle 10 of the tool 1 is the angle between the cutting surface of the tool 1 and the raw surface 11, and typically the blaze angle 14 of the blazed grating is equal to the relief angle 10 of the tool 1. Preferably, the radius of the front end of the cutter 1 in the present embodiment is 600um, so that the grating manufacturing in the submicron order can be realized. The front angle of the cutter 1 is 0 degrees, the strength of the cutter 1 in the machining process is ensured, the component force generated in the machining process is reduced as much as possible, and the input of a power source is efficiently utilized. The back angle 10 of the cutter 1 is 10 degrees, and the applicant verifies through a large number of experiments that when the back angle 10 of the cutter 1 is 10 degrees, the blazed angle 14 of the processed blazed grating has a stable value, and the stable value approaches the back angle value of the cutter 1, so that the surface profile of the processed blazed grating is smoother. The specific parameter values for the tool 1 are only examples, and in other embodiments, the parameters of the front end radius, the front angle, the rear angle 10, and the like of the tool 1 can be adaptively adjusted according to actual requirements.
Optionally, the azimuth angle 4 of the elliptical vibration trajectory 3 is 0 ° to 90 °. Preferably, in the present embodiment, the elliptical vibration trajectory 3 is a positive ellipse having a direction angle 4 of 90 °. Wherein the orientation angle 4 is the angle between the semi-major axis 7 of the ellipse and the nominal cutting speed 2. Proved by a large number of experiments of the applicant, the direction angle 4 of the elliptical vibration track 3 has an important influence on the generation of the blazed grating surface and has strong correlation with the intensity of the scattered white light. In the present embodiment, the semimajor axis 7 of the elliptical vibration trajectory 3 is 3um, and the semiminor axis 8 is 1 um. When the direction angle 4 of the elliptical vibration locus 3 is 0 °, the diffraction intensity of the blazed grating reaches a maximum value. The direction angle 4 of the elliptical vibration track 3 is set to be 90 degrees, so that the realizable range of the grating spacing 17 in the blazed grating group can be expanded, the track path can be simplified, the interference variable in the blazed grating processing experiment process can be reduced, and the processing process of the workpiece 5 can be analyzed conveniently. Of course, the direction angle 4 of the elliptical vibration trajectory 3 is not limited to 90 °, and in other embodiments, the direction angle 4 of the elliptical vibration trajectory 3 may also be adjusted according to actual processing requirements.
Further, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a processing method of a blazed grating according to the present embodiment for processing a blazed grating group. Applying the nominal cutting speed 2 while applying the elliptical vibration to the cutter 1 to form a plurality of blazed gratings, wherein a plurality of blazed gratings with the same specification in one pixel length form a blazed grating group. Further, the direction of the nominal cutting speed 2 is the same as the front side orientation of the tool 1. The elliptical vibration trajectory 3 is applied to the tool 1 together with the nominal cutting speed 2, and the resultant machining trajectory 12 of the tool 1 is formed as a resultant machining trajectory 12 that approximates a helical line.
Further, in some embodiments, control of the nominal cutting speed 2 and nominal cutting depth 9 in pixels is achieved using tool servo technology with the tool 1. Since the nominal cutting speed 2 needs to be determined according to the blazed grating pitch 17 and the vibration frequency of the blazed grating group to be processed, the nominal cutting speed 2 is equal to the product of the blazed grating pitch 17 and the vibration frequency. By changing the nominal cutting speed 2 and adjusting the blazed grating pitch 17 of the blazed grating groups, the blazed grating groups of different pixels can reflect different colors. When a plurality of blazed grating groups are processed, different blazed grating groups can be processed by adjusting the cutting parameters of the cutter 1 according to the characteristics of the required image, and various requirements are met.
Specifically, the workpiece 5 using the processing method of a blazed grating of the present embodiment may be a metal, a resin, or other non-metallic material. Thus, the processing method using the blazed grating of the present embodiment can be applied to a variety of different application scenarios.
According to the processing method of the blazed grating, the cutter 1 is subjected to elliptical vibration, the period of the elliptical vibration is divided into a first half 15 and a second half 16, and each vibration period can be processed to form the blazed grating, so that the high-efficiency processing of the blazed grating is realized; in the first half 15 of each vibration cycle, the tool 1 performs cutting processing on the workpiece 5 to perform material removal; in the latter half 16 of each vibration period, the tool 1 performs plastic forming processing on the workpiece 5 to form the blazed surface of the blazed grating, so that a combined processing mode of cutting and plastic forming is realized in each vibration period, the rapid forming of the blazed surface of the blazed grating is promoted, and compared with the traditional manufacturing method of the blazed grating, the processing efficiency is higher.
In some embodiments, the method for processing a blazed grating further comprises the steps of:
and S11, processing a plurality of blazed grating groups by superposing elliptical vibration on the first nominal cutting speed along the first cutting direction to form a first blazed grating array.
Specifically, the flare direction of the first flare grating column is the first flare direction. Specifically, the first blazed grating rows are arranged in a line shape. Furthermore, the size of the first nominal cutting speed can be changed by taking a pixel as a unit, so that in a plurality of adjacent processed first blazed grating groups, the grating distance and the grating number between each first blazed grating group are different, different reflection colors can be observed when the observation direction is located in the first blazed direction according to the diffraction principle of light, the color of an image formed by the first blazed grating columns can be enriched in practical application, and the information transmission quantity and the picture quality are improved.
Further, step S11 may further include the following steps:
s110, moving a cutter to generate a first translation amount; and superposing the first nominal cutting speed by using elliptical vibration along the first cutting direction, and processing a plurality of mutually parallel first blazed grating columns to form a first blazed grating array. Further, the first shift amount is a length of two pixels so that a plurality of first blazed grating columns arranged in a line shape are uniformly spaced apart from each other.
S12, the tool rotates with the normal of the base plane of the workpiece as the axis.
Specifically, the base plane of the workpiece and the base plane of the blazed grating group are parallel to each other. The tool rotates by taking the normal of the base plane of the workpiece as an axis, the cutting direction of the tool is changed, and the motion track of the tool is changed.
And S13, moving the cutter to generate a first feeding amount.
Specifically, the first feed amount is one pixel in length. The length of a pixel is determined by the size and resolution of the workpiece, and the length of a pixel can be adjusted adaptively according to specific imaging requirements. More specifically, the first feed direction of the first feed generation is orthogonal to the first nominal cutting speed direction.
And S14, processing a plurality of blazed grating groups by superposing elliptical vibration with a second nominal cutting speed along a second cutting direction to form a second blazed grating row.
Specifically, the blaze direction of the second blazed grating column is the second blaze direction. Specifically, the second blazed grating rows are arranged in a line shape. The second cutting direction is different from the first cutting direction as the tool passes through the rotation about the normal of the base plane of the workpiece. So that the second blazed direction of the second blazed grating column is also different from the first blazed direction. Furthermore, the second nominal cutting speed can also be adjusted by taking a pixel as a unit, so that in a plurality of adjacent second blazed grating groups processed, the grating pitch and the grating number of each second blazed grating group are different, according to the diffraction principle of light, when the observation direction is positioned in the first blazed direction, different reflection colors can be observed, in practical application, the colors of images formed by the second blazed grating columns can be enriched, and the information transmission quantity and the picture quality are improved.
Further, step S14 may further include the following steps:
s140, moving the cutter to generate a second translation amount; and superposing the second nominal cutting speed by using elliptical vibration along a second cutting direction, and processing a plurality of second blazed grating columns which are parallel to each other to form a second blazed grating array. Further, the second shift amount is a length of two pixels, so that a plurality of second blazed grating columns arranged in a line shape are uniformly spaced from each other. In some embodiments, the plurality of second blazed grating columns and the plurality of first blazed grating columns, which are arranged in a line shape respectively, are distributed to alternate with each other.
The processing method of the blazed grating in the above embodiment is described in detail below with specific examples.
First embodiment
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the processing method of the blazed grating of the first embodiment includes the following steps:
s11-1, processing a plurality of blazed grating groups along the first cutting direction 131 using the elliptical vibration superimposed with the first nominal cutting speed to form a first blazed grating row 111.
S12-1, rotating the cutter 180 degrees with the normal of the base plane of the workpiece as an axis.
S13-1, the cutter moves to generate a first feeding amount 104.
And S14-1, processing a plurality of blazed grating groups by using elliptical vibration and the second nominal cutting speed along the second cutting direction 132 to form a second blazed grating array 121.
In the method for processing a blazed grating according to the first embodiment, the angle at which the tool rotates around the normal line of the base plane of the workpiece as the axis is mainly thinned to 180 °. Accordingly, the blazed direction of the second blazed grating row 121 and the blazed direction of the first blazed grating row 111 processed by the method for processing a blazed grating according to the first embodiment are symmetrical to each other about the normal line of the base plane of the workpiece, and the second cutting direction 132 and the first cutting direction 131 are set opposite to each other. Thus, two sets of information can be coupled to the first blazed grating row 111 and the second blazed grating row 121 on the same workpiece, respectively, and the information of the first blazed grating row 111 and the second blazed grating row 121 can be decoupled by rotating the workpiece or rotating the observation direction by 180 °.
Second embodiment
Specifically, referring to fig. 7 in combination, the processing method of the blazed grating of the second embodiment includes the following steps:
s11-2, processing a plurality of blazed grating groups to form a first blazed grating row 211 along the first cutting direction 231 using the elliptical vibration superimposed with the first nominal cutting speed.
S12-2, rotating the cutter by 90 degrees by taking the normal of the base plane of the workpiece as an axis.
S13-2, the tool moves to generate the first feed amount 204.
And S14-2, processing a plurality of blazed grating groups by using elliptical vibration and the second nominal cutting speed along the second cutting direction 232 to form a second blazed grating array 221.
In the method for processing a blazed grating according to the second embodiment, the angle at which the tool rotates around the normal line of the base plane of the workpiece as the axis is mainly thinned to 90 °. Accordingly, the blazed direction of the second blazed grating row 221 processed by the method for processing a blazed grating according to the second embodiment is orthogonal to the blazed direction of the first blazed grating row 211, and the second cutting direction 232 is orthogonal to the first cutting direction 231. Thus, two sets of information can be coupled to the first blazed grating row 211 and the second blazed grating row 221 on the same workpiece, respectively, and the information of the first blazed grating row 211 and the second blazed grating row 221 can be decoupled by rotating the workpiece or rotating the observation direction by 90 °.
Specifically, step S14-2 further includes the following steps:
and S14-20, the cutter moves to generate the second feeding amount 206. Specifically, the feeding direction of the second feeding amount 206 and the direction of the second nominal cutting speed are orthogonal to each other, so that the plurality of second blazed grating groups can be arranged in a "one" shape. Further, the distance of the second feeding amount 206 is a length of one pixel.
On the other hand, based on the foregoing processing method of blazed gratings, the present application further provides an embodiment of an optically variable device based on blazed gratings, which includes a workpiece, where a first blazed grating row and a second blazed grating row are arranged in a row on the workpiece, the first blazed grating row includes a plurality of blazed grating groups arranged in a row, and a blazed direction of the first blazed grating group is a first blazed direction, the second blazed grating row includes a plurality of blazed grating groups arranged in a row, and a blazed direction of the second blazed grating group is a second blazed direction, and a plurality of blazed gratings of the same specification within one pixel length form one blazed grating group, and the first blazed direction and the second blazed direction are orthogonal to each other or are symmetrical to each other with a base plane normal of the workpiece as an axis.
An Optically Variable Device (OVD) is a secure Device capable of displaying a variety of information channels. In conventional optically variable devices, OVD is usually fabricated by using a one-dimensional grating. However, because the direction of the one-dimensional grating is fixed, the one-dimensional grating has a problem of limited decoupling in the process of decoupling information, resulting in low visual quality of the OVD.
In the optical variable device based on blazed gratings, the first blazed grating rows and the second blazed grating rows are arranged in a row on the workpiece, the first blazed direction and the second blazed direction are orthogonal to each other or are symmetrical to each other with the base plane normal of the workpiece as an axis, and the optical variable device based on blazed gratings is rotated by 180 degrees or 90 degrees, the observation direction is changed by 180 degrees or 90 degrees, and the two groups of pictures can be observed by observing in the first blazed direction and the second blazed direction respectively. Two groups of information can be coupled on the same optical variable device based on the blazed grating through the device, the information on the same plane can be decoupled by changing the observation direction or the placement position of a rotating workpiece, the diversity and the richness of information transmission are expanded, and the device can be applied to the fields of laser decoupling, anti-counterfeiting marks, encryption transmission and the like.
The blazed grating based optically variable device in the above embodiment is described in detail below with specific examples.
Referring to fig. 4, the blazed grating-based optically variable device 100 of the first embodiment is based on the processing method of the blazed grating of the first embodiment, and includes a workpiece, on which a first blazed grating row 110 and a second blazed grating row 120 are arranged in a row, the first blazed grating row 110 includes a plurality of blazed grating groups arranged in a row and having a blazed direction in a first blazed direction 141, the second blazed grating row 120 includes a plurality of blazed grating groups arranged in a row and having a blazed direction in a second blazed direction 142, a plurality of blazed gratings of the same specification within one pixel length form one blazed grating group, and the base plane normal lines 102 of the workpieces in the first blazed direction 141 and the second blazed direction 142 are mutually symmetric. Referring to fig. 5 to fig. 6, two sets of images obtained by decoupling the blazed grating-based optically variable device 100 of the first embodiment when the blazed grating-based optically variable device is rotated by 180 °, or when the observation angle is rotated by 180 °, are shown.
The blazed grating-based optically variable device 100 of the first embodiment can observe two sets of screens by rotating the blazed grating-based optically variable device by 180 ° or changing the observation direction by 180 ° in each of the first blaze direction 141 and the second blaze direction 142. Two groups of information can be coupled on the same optical variable device based on the blazed grating through the device, the information on the same plane can be decoupled by changing the observation direction or the placement position of a rotating workpiece, the diversity and the richness of information transmission are expanded, and the device can be applied to the fields of laser decoupling, anti-counterfeiting marks, encryption transmission and the like.
Referring to fig. 7, a blazed grating-based optically variable device 200 according to a second embodiment is based on the processing method of the blazed grating according to the second embodiment, and includes a workpiece, on which a first blazed grating row 210 and a second blazed grating row 220 are arranged in a row, where the first blazed grating row 210 includes a plurality of blazed grating groups arranged in a row and having a blazed direction in a first blazed direction 241, the second blazed grating row 220 includes a plurality of blazed grating groups arranged in a row and having a blazed direction in a second blazed direction 242, a plurality of blazed gratings of the same specification in one pixel length form one blazed grating group, and the first blazed direction 241 and the second blazed direction 242 are orthogonal to each other. Referring to fig. 8 to 9, two sets of images obtained by decoupling when the blazed grating-based optically variable device 200 of the second embodiment is rotated by 90 °, or the observation angle is rotated by 90 °, respectively.
The blazed grating-based optically variable device 200 of the second embodiment can observe two sets of screens by rotating the blazed grating-based optically variable device by 90 ° or changing the observation direction by 90 °, and observing in the first blaze direction 241 and the second blaze direction 242, respectively. Two groups of information can be coupled to the same optical variable device based on the blazed grating through the device, decoupling can be carried out on the information on the same plane by changing the observation direction or the placement position of a rotating workpiece, diversity and richness of information transmission are expanded, and the device can be applied to the fields of laser decoupling, anti-counterfeiting marks, encryption transmission and the like.
Further, based on the blazed grating-based optically variable device 100 of the foregoing first embodiment and the blazed grating-based optically variable device 200 of the second embodiment, in some embodiments, the grating pitches of the respective blazed grating groups of the first blazed grating array are the same; in some embodiments, the grating pitch of each blazed grating group of the first blazed grating array is different. Further, in some embodiments, the grating pitch of each blazed grating group of the second blazed grating array is the same; in some embodiments, the blazed grating groups of the second blazed grating array have different grating pitches. Thus, when the observation is carried out in the first blaze direction or the second blaze direction, different colors can be observed in the first blazed grating group or the second blazed grating group respectively, and richer and more various image information can be presented.
Further, the blazed grating-based optically variable device 100 based on the foregoing first embodiment is the same as the blazed grating-based optically variable device 200 of the second embodiment in grating depth of each blazed grating group of the first blazed grating array in some embodiments; in some embodiments, the blazed grating groups of the first blazed grating array differ in grating depth. More, in some embodiments, the grating depth of each blazed grating group of the second blazed grating array is the same; in some embodiments, the blazed grating groups of the second blazed grating array differ in grating depth. Wherein, the grating depth is the vertical distance between the lowest end of the blazed grating and the unprocessed plane on the workpiece. Therefore, the imaging effect of the optical variable device based on the blazed grating has certain three-dimensional properties, and the transferred image information can have more dimensions. In order to ensure the processing efficiency during the processing, the grating depth of each blazed grating group of the first blazed grating array is the same, and the grating depth of each blazed grating group of the second blazed grating array is the same.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A processing method of a blazed grating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
applying elliptical vibration to the cutter, wherein the period of the elliptical vibration is divided into a front half and a rear half;
in the first half process, the cutter performs cutting processing on the workpiece to remove materials;
in the latter half, the cutter performs plastic forming processing on the workpiece to form a blazed surface of the blazed grating.
2. A blazed grating processing method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of blazed gratings are processed by applying a nominal cutting speed while applying elliptical vibration to the tool, and a plurality of blazed gratings of the same specification in one pixel length form one blazed grating group, and the direction of the nominal cutting speed is the same as the direction of the front side of the tool.
3. A method of processing a blazed grating as claimed in claim 2, further comprising the steps of:
processing a plurality of blazed grating groups by superposing elliptical vibration with a first nominal cutting speed along a first cutting direction to form a first blazed grating array;
the cutter rotates by taking the normal of the base plane of the workpiece as an axis;
the cutter moves to generate a first feeding amount;
and processing a plurality of blazed grating groups by superposing the elliptical vibration with a second nominal cutting speed along a second cutting direction to form a second blazed grating array.
4. A method of processing a blazed grating as claimed in claim 3, further comprising the steps of:
the tool movement produces a first amount of translation,
and superposing the first nominal cutting speed by using the elliptical vibration along a first cutting direction, and processing a plurality of mutually parallel first blazed grating columns to form a first blazed grating array.
5. A method of processing a blazed grating as claimed in claim 3, further comprising the steps of:
the tool produces a second amount of translation,
and superposing the second nominal cutting speed by using the elliptical vibration along a second cutting direction, and processing a plurality of second blazed grating columns which are parallel to each other to form a second blazed grating array.
6. A method of processing a blazed grating according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein an angle of rotation of the tool about a normal line of a base plane of the workpiece is 180 °, the first cutting direction is opposite to the second cutting direction, a blaze direction of the first blazed grating row is a first blaze direction, a blaze direction of the second blazed grating row is a second blaze direction, and the first blaze direction and the second blaze direction are symmetrical to each other about the normal line of the base plane of the workpiece.
7. A method of processing a blazed grating according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein an angle of rotation of the tool about a normal line of a base plane of the workpiece is 90 °, the first cutting direction and the second cutting direction are orthogonal to each other, a blaze direction of the first blazed grating row is a first blaze direction, a blaze direction of the second blazed grating row is a second blaze direction, and the first blaze direction and the second blaze direction are orthogonal to each other.
8. A method of processing a blazed grating as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the magnitude of the first nominal cutting speed and the magnitude of the second nominal cutting speed are variable in units of pixels.
9. A method of processing a blazed grating as claimed in claim 8, wherein the tool is a diamond tool.
10. A method of processing a blazed grating as claimed in claim 8, wherein the direction angle of the locus of the elliptical vibration is 0 ° to 90 °.
11. The blazed grating-based optical variable device is characterized by comprising a workpiece, wherein a first blazed grating array and a second blazed grating array are arranged on the workpiece in rows, the first blazed grating array comprises a plurality of blazed grating groups which are arranged in a row and have a blazed direction in a first blazed direction, the second blazed grating array comprises a plurality of blazed grating groups which are arranged in a row and have a blazed direction in a second blazed direction, a plurality of blazed gratings with the same specification in one pixel length form one blazed grating group, and the first blazed direction and the second blazed direction are orthogonal to each other or are mutually symmetrical by taking a base plane normal of the workpiece as an axis.
12. A blazed grating-based optical variable device as claimed in claim 11, wherein a plurality of rows of the first blazed grating columns and a plurality of rows of the second blazed grating columns are disposed on the workpiece, the plurality of rows of the first blazed grating columns are disposed in a row to form a first blazed grating array, the plurality of rows of the second blazed grating columns form a second blazed grating array, and the first blazed grating array and the second blazed grating array are disposed adjacent to each other or disposed to intersect with each other.
13. A blazed grating-based optically variable device according to claim 11 or 12, wherein grating pitches of different blazed grating groups of the first blazed grating column are the same or different; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the grating pitches of different blazed grating groups of the second blazed grating column are the same or different.
14. A blazed grating based optically variable device as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein grating depths of different sets of blazed gratings of the first blazed grating column are the same or different; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the grating depths of different blazed grating groups of the second blazed grating column are the same or different.
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