CN114527413A - Full-polarization regulation and control extremely-weak magnetic field detection device - Google Patents
Full-polarization regulation and control extremely-weak magnetic field detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114527413A CN114527413A CN202210161335.6A CN202210161335A CN114527413A CN 114527413 A CN114527413 A CN 114527413A CN 202210161335 A CN202210161335 A CN 202210161335A CN 114527413 A CN114527413 A CN 114527413A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-polarization regulation and control extremely weak magnetic field detection device, which comprises a circular polarization pumping light path, a linear polarization detection light path, a magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system, a light field mode detection system, a photoelectric detector detection system and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein based on a phase vectorization polarization mode regulation and control method and a weak magnetic field signal detection technology, light beams can be subjected to single-point modulation on linearly polarized light after phase vectorization, mixed linear polarization vector vortex light beams with different polarization directions are generated at nine different positions in the light beams, and the pixel level control of the light beams is achieved; the sensitivity and the detection precision of magnetic field detection are improved by ultra-high precision regulation and control of detection light; the problems of mutual influence and strong coupling in system-level connection are solved by adopting the single detection light beam, and the system has good stability, strong reliability and high resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnetic field detection, in particular to a full-polarization regulation and control extremely-weak magnetic field detection device.
Background
Magnetic field signal detection, especially weak magnetic field signal detection, has been increasingly emphasized in the present scientific field, and has been applied to many fields such as space science and detection technology, material chemical composition and structure analysis, biological magnetic field detection, etc. The atomic magnetometer is widely applied because of the ultrahigh detection sensitivity, however, the current magnetometer is far from reaching the limit sensitivity, and due to the adoption of the scheme of ordinary circularly polarized light pumping and linearly polarized light detection, the obtained magnetic field information can only be the magnetic field intensity of a single point, and the detection of the magnetic field distribution can not be realized.
Compared with the traditional multi-channel weak magnetic field detection device, the multi-channel detection and magnetic field imaging of the magnetic field by adopting single detection light beam has great advantages that: linearly polarized light in different polarization directions is generated at nine different positions based on a phase vectorization polarization mode regulation method, pixel level modulation of light beams is achieved, and distribution information of a detected magnetic field has higher sensitivity and detection precision through pixel level regulation of detection light.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a full-polarization regulating and controlling pole weak magnetic field detection device which comprises a circular polarization pumping optical path, a linear polarization detection optical path, a magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system, a detection system and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the detection system is in signal connection with the data acquisition and processing system; an alkali metal atom gas chamber is arranged in the magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system;
the circular polarization pump optical path emits circularly polarized light to enter the alkali metal atom air chamber to realize the polarization of alkali metal atoms;
the linear polarization detection optical path consists of an optical path generator, a phase control system and a filtering system, wherein the phase control system and the filtering system are sequentially arranged on the optical path, the phase control system comprises a reflective phase space modulator, and a first beam splitter prism, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a second reflector and an m-order vortex wave plate which are sequentially arranged on the optical path, and the focal lengths of the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the second reflector and the m-order vortex wave plate are the same;
the light path generator emits a detection light path, the detection light path enters the reflective phase spatial light modulator through the first beam splitter prism for specific coding modulation, the detection light path after the special coding modulation is refracted through the first beam splitter prism and then sequentially passes through the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the second reflector and the m-order vortex wave plate, and mixed linear polarization vector vortex light beams with different polarization directions are generated at nine points in the detection light path to form a detection light array; the detection optical array enters the alkali metal atom air chamber through the filtering system and is orthogonal to the circular polarization pumping light path, the polarized alkali metal atoms are detected, and the detected detection optical array enters the detection system.
Furthermore, the detection system detects the light intensity information of the detection light array after passing through the alkali metal atom air chamber to obtain the light intensity distribution information in the space, the signal acquisition and processing system extracts the light field mode of the detected information and converts the detected light intensity signal into magnetic field information, so that the single-detection-beam multi-channel magnetic field distribution detection is realized, and the pixel-level magnetic field distribution imaging effect is achieved.
Furthermore, the detection system comprises an 1/2 wave plate, a second beam splitter prism, a light field mode detection assembly and a photoelectric detector detection assembly, wherein the light field mode detection assembly and the photoelectric detector detection assembly are in signal connection with the data acquisition and processing system, the detection light array passes through the 1/2 wave plate and then is divided into two light beams by the second beam splitter prism, one light beam enters the light field mode detection assembly, and the other light beam enters the photoelectric detector detection assembly.
Further, the light field mode detection component comprises an analyzer and a CCD detector which are arranged in sequence through a light path, and the CCD detector detects light field mode information of the detection light array and transmits the light field mode information to the data acquisition and processing system through signals; the photoelectric detector detection assembly comprises a polarization differential array and a photoelectric detector array which are arranged on a light path in sequence, the polarization differential array carries out differential calculation on light intensity signals of the detection array, the photoelectric detector array detects light intensity information of the detection array, and the light intensity information and calculation information are transmitted to the data acquisition and processing system through signals.
Furthermore, the magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system consists of a magnetic shielding barrel and an active compensation piece, the active compensation piece is arranged in the magnetic shielding barrel, and the magnetic shielding barrel is made of one high-permeability material; the active compensation part is arranged in a triaxial coil structure.
Further, magnetism shielding bucket periphery is equipped with the confession the first light transmission punch combination that circular polarization pumping light path passes through, the tip of magnetism shielding bucket is equipped with the confession the second light transmission punch combination that linear polarization detected the light path and passes through, every group light transmission punch combination is equipped with two light traps, and is first a set of two of light transmission punch combination the light trap symmetry is located the periphery of magnetism shielding bucket, two of the second group light transmission punch combination the light trap is located respectively the both ends that magnetism shielding bucket is relative.
Further, the circular polarization pump light path comprises a laser for emitting circularly polarized light, and a first lens, a second lens, a diaphragm, a first polarizer and an 1/4 wave plate which are sequentially arranged on the light path, wherein the pump light path penetrates through the 1/4 wave plate and then enters the alkali metal atom air chamber through the first light-transmitting hole group, so that the alkali metal atoms generate spin polarization.
Further, the circularly polarized pump light path is further provided with a first reflector, and the circularly polarized pump light path returns to the alkali metal atom gas chamber through the original light path of the first reflector, so that the alkali metal atoms generate secondary polarization.
Further, alkali metal atom air chamber periphery still is equipped with the heating member, the heating member heats alkali metal atom air chamber through no magnetoelectric heating or laser heating mode.
Further, the alkali metal atom in the alkali metal atom gas chamber is one or two of potassium atom, rubidium atom and cesium atom.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. based on a phase vectorization polarization mode regulation method and a weak magnetic field signal detection technology, light beams can be subjected to single-point modulation on linearly polarized light after phase vectorization, mixed linear polarization vector vortex light beams with different polarization directions are generated at nine different positions in the light beams, and pixel level control of the light beams is achieved;
2. the detection light is regulated and controlled at ultrahigh precision, so that the sensitivity and the detection precision of magnetic field detection are improved, the size of the light beam is adjustable, the requirements of alkali metal atom air chambers with different shapes are met, the adaptability is strong, and the distribution information of the detected magnetic field has higher sensitivity and detection precision;
3. the problems of mutual influence and strong coupling in system-level connection are solved by adopting the single detection light beam, and the system has good stability, strong reliability and high resolution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a full-polarization modulated ultra-weak magnetic field detection device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 shows the polarization direction of the exit linear polarized light array from the linear polarization detection optical path of the polarization-type spatial light modulator according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a detection laser; 2. a second polarizer; 3. a third lens; 4. a fourth lens; 5. a first beam splitting prism; 6. a reflective phase-only spatial light modulator; 7. a fifth lens; 8. a sixth lens; 9. a second reflector; 10. an m-order vortex wave plate; 11. a first objective lens; 12. a pinhole; 13. a second objective lens; 14. a laser; 15. a first lens; 16. a second lens; 17. a diaphragm; 18. a first polarizer; 19. 1/4 a wave plate; 20. an alkali metal atom gas cell; 21. magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation systems; 22. a first reflector; 23. 1/2 a wave plate; 24. a second beam splitting prism; 25. an analyzer; 26. a CCD detector; 27. a polarization differential array; 28. an array of photodetectors.
Detailed Description
A full-polarization modulated extremely weak magnetic field detection device of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the schematic drawings, wherein preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown, it being understood that one skilled in the art can modify the invention described herein while still achieving the advantageous effects of the present invention, and therefore the following description should be construed as being widely known to one skilled in the art and not as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the terms of orientation, such as "central", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., it indicates that the orientation and positional relationship shown in the drawings are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated without limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a full-polarization modulation extremely-weak magnetic field detection device includes a circular polarization pump optical path, a linear polarization detection optical path based on a polarization type spatial light modulator, a magnetic shielding and compensation system, an alkali metal atom gas chamber, an optical field mode detection system, a photoelectric detector detection system, and a data acquisition and processing system.
Circular polarization pump optical path: the pump laser is emitted by a laser 14, expanded and collimated by a first lens 15 and a second lens 16, filtered by a diaphragm 17, and converted into circularly polarized light by a first polarizer 18 and a 1/4 wave plate 19, the circularly polarized light is incident to an alkali metal atom air chamber 20 through a light through hole on a magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system 21, and is vertically incident to the alkali metal atom air chamber 20 to react with alkali metal atoms in the air chamber, and the alkali metal atoms can absorb angular momentum carried by photons to generate energy level transition, so that the spin polarization of the alkali metal atoms in the air chamber has a macroscopic trend, and after passing through the air chamber and a magnetic shielding barrel, a light path can be reacted with the alkali metal atoms through the air chamber again by a first reflector 22 to generate secondary polarization, thereby greatly improving the polarization rate. The circular polarization pump optical path is one of basic optical paths, a filtering system can be added in the system to ensure the quality of light beams, and any reflector can be added in an actual system to adapt to the structure of the system; the pumping wavelength of the laser is determined by the transition spectral line of the alkali metal atomic energy level.
Referring to fig. 2, a linear polarization detection optical path based on a polarization type spatial light modulator: the polarization type spatial light modulator consists of a phase control system and a filtering system, wherein the phase control system comprises a first beam splitter prism 5, a reflection type pure-phase spatial light modulator 6, a fifth lens 7, a sixth lens 8, a second reflector 9 and an m-order vortex wave plate 10, and the filtering system consists of a first objective lens 11, a pinhole 12 and a second objective lens 13. The linear polarization detection light path is emitted from the light path generator, the light path generator comprises a detection laser 1 for emitting the detection light path, a polarizer 2 for enabling a detection light source to generate linear polarization light, a third lens 3 and a fourth lens 4 for expanding and collimating the light path, the transmission light is emitted to a reflective pure-phase spatial light modulator 6 through a first beam splitter prism 5, the reflective pure-phase spatial light modulator 6 performs specific coding modulation on the light beam, the light beam is reflected to the first beam splitter prism 5 and refracted, the conjugate of the reflective pure-phase spatial light modulator 6 and an m-order vortex wave plate 10 is ensured through a fifth lens 7, a sixth lens 8, a second reflector 9 and the m-order vortex wave plate 10 with the same focal length, the light beam performs pixel-level modulation on the linear polarization detection light after phase vectorization, nine kinds of linear polarization detection light in different polarization directions are generated at nine positions in the light beam, and a linear polarization detection light array is formed, the linear polarization detection light array is filtered by a filter system consisting of a first objective lens 11, a pinhole 12 and a second objective lens 13, then enters an alkali metal atom gas chamber 20, is orthogonal to the circular polarization pump light, and detects the polarized alkali metal atoms. It is worth mentioning that the spot size of the detection light can be adjusted to fit various sizes and shapes of the alkali metal atom gas cell 20.
The magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system 21 is composed of a magnetic shielding barrel and an internal active compensation piece, the magnetic shielding barrel is made of one of permalloy and other high-permeability materials, the active compensation piece is designed by adopting a three-axis coil structure, and the magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system 21 reduces the residual magnetism inside the magnetic shielding barrel to an extremely low magnitude level through the combined action of the magnetic shielding barrel and the active compensation piece, so that the sensitivity of the detection system is improved. The heating elements are arranged on the periphery of the alkali metal atom air chamber 20, and heat the alkali metal atom air chamber 20 to provide a stable temperature environment for the alkali metal atom air chamber 20 and ensure that the gas chamber has high atom number density; the alkali metal atom gas chamber 20 provides an atom source, and the alkali metal atoms in the alkali metal atom gas chamber 20 are any one or any two of potassium atoms, rubidium atoms and cesium atoms which are mixed according to a specific ratio; the heating element adopts one of heating modes such as non-magnetic electric heating or laser heating. And the heating element adopts a control algorithm to rapidly and stably control the temperature in the air chamber to achieve the required atomic number density.
After passing through 1/2 wave plate 23, the linearly polarized detection light array is split by a second beam splitter prism 24, one light beam passes through an analyzer 25, enters a CCD detector 26 for detecting a light field mode, and then is transmitted to a data acquisition and processing system; the other beam of light is differentially processed by a polarization differential array 27 and then received by a photodetector array 28 and finally processed by a data acquisition and processing system.
The photoelectric detector array 28 detects light intensity information of nine different points after passing through the atomic gas chamber to obtain a light intensity differential signal in the space; the CCD detector 26 obtains light field mode information by detecting an output image, a light intensity signal is in a direct proportion relation with a light rotation angle signal, the light rotation angle signal is in a direct proportion to the size of a weak magnetic field to be detected, the data acquisition and processing system carries out light field mode extraction on the information detected by the CCD detector 26 and the photoelectric detector array 28, and simultaneously converts the detected light intensity signal into magnetic field information, so that single-detection-beam multi-channel magnetic field distribution detection is realized, and the pixel-level magnetic field distribution imaging effect is achieved.
The invention is characterized in that based on the polarization type spatial light modulator light field regulation technology and the weak magnetic field signal detection technology, the different directions of linearly polarized light are controlled in a single detection light beam through the phase-polarization light field regulation technology, and magnetic field signals at different positions in space can be obtained, so that the spatial magnetic field distribution is obtained. The novel full-polarization regulation and control extremely-weak magnetic field detection device disclosed by the invention has ultrahigh sensitivity, very high detection precision, good system stability and high resolution, realizes pixel-level magnetic field distribution imaging, can meet the application fields of most of magnetic field detection and magnetic field imaging, and essentially avoids the defects of the prior art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A full-polarization regulation and control extremely weak magnetic field detection device is characterized by comprising a circular polarization pumping light path, a linear polarization detection light path, a magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system (21), a detection system and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the detection system is in signal connection with the data acquisition and processing system; an alkali metal atom gas chamber (20) is arranged in the magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system (21);
the circular polarization pump light path emits circularly polarized light to enter the alkali metal atom air chamber (20) to realize the polarization of alkali metal atoms;
the linear polarization detection optical path consists of an optical path generator, a phase control system and a filtering system, wherein the phase control system and the filtering system are sequentially arranged on the optical path, the phase control system comprises a reflective phase space modulator (6), and a first beam splitter prism (5), a fifth lens (7), a sixth lens (8), a second reflector (9) and an m-order vortex wave plate (10) which are sequentially arranged on the optical path, and the focal lengths of the fifth lens (7), the sixth lens (8), the second reflector (9) and the m-order vortex wave plate (10) are the same;
the light path generator emits a detection light path, the detection light path enters the reflective phase spatial light modulator (6) through the first beam splitter prism (5) for specific coding modulation, the detection light path after the purpose-made coding modulation is refracted through the first beam splitter prism (5) and then sequentially passes through a fifth lens (7), a sixth lens (8), a second reflector (9) and an m-order vortex wave plate (10), and mixed linear polarization vector vortex light beams with different polarization directions are generated at nine points in the detection light path to form a detection light array; the detection optical array enters the alkali metal atom air chamber (20) through the filtering system and is orthogonal to the circular polarization pumping light path, the polarized alkali metal atoms are detected, and the detected detection optical array enters the detection system.
2. The full-polarization modulation extremely-weak magnetic field detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detection system detects light intensity information of the detection light array after passing through the alkali metal atom gas chamber (20) to obtain light intensity distribution information in space, the signal acquisition and processing system performs light field mode extraction on the detected information and converts the detected light intensity signal into magnetic field information, thereby realizing single-detection light beam multi-channel magnetic field distribution detection and achieving pixel-level magnetic field distribution imaging effect.
3. The full-polarization modulated extremely-weak magnetic field detection device according to claim 2, wherein the detection system comprises 1/2 wave plate (23), a second beam splitter prism (24), a light field mode detection assembly and a photodetector detection assembly, the light field mode detection assembly and the photodetector detection assembly are in signal connection with the data acquisition and processing system, the detection light array passes through the 1/2 wave plate (23) and then is divided into two light beams by the second beam splitter prism (24), one light beam enters the light field mode detection assembly, and the other light beam enters the photodetector detection assembly.
4. The full-polarization modulation extremely-weak magnetic field detection device according to claim 3, wherein the light field mode detection assembly comprises an analyzer (25) and a CCD detector (26) which are arranged in sequence by light path, the CCD detector (26) detects light field mode information of the detection light array and transmits the light field mode information to the data acquisition and processing system through signals; the photoelectric detector detection assembly comprises a polarization differential array (27) and a photoelectric detector array (28) which are arranged on a light path in sequence, the polarization differential array (27) carries out differential calculation on light intensity signals of the detection array, the photoelectric detector array (28) detects light intensity information of the detection array, and the light intensity information and calculation information are transmitted to the data acquisition and processing system through signals.
5. The full-polarization modulation extremely-weak magnetic field detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnetic shielding and magnetic compensation system (21) is composed of a magnetic shielding barrel and an active compensator, the active compensator is arranged inside the magnetic shielding barrel, and the magnetic shielding barrel is made of one of high magnetic permeability materials; the active compensation part is arranged in a triaxial coil structure.
6. The full-polarization modulation extremely-weak magnetic field detection device according to claim 5, wherein a first transparent hole group for passing the circular polarization pump light path is disposed at the periphery of the magnetic shielding barrel, a second transparent hole group for passing the linear polarization detection light path is disposed at the end of the magnetic shielding barrel, two transparent holes are disposed in each transparent hole group, two transparent holes in the first transparent hole group are symmetrically disposed at the periphery of the magnetic shielding barrel, and two transparent holes in the second transparent hole group are disposed at two opposite ends of the magnetic shielding barrel respectively.
7. The full-polarization modulated extremely-weak magnetic field detection device according to claim 6, wherein the circularly-polarized pump optical path comprises a laser (14) for emitting circularly-polarized light, and a first lens (15), a second lens (16), a diaphragm (17), a first polarizer (18) and an 1/4 wave plate (19) which are arranged in sequence, and the pump optical path passes through the 1/4 wave plate (19) and then enters the alkali metal atom gas chamber (20) through the first light-transmitting hole group to generate spin polarization of alkali metal atoms.
8. The full-polarization modulated extremely-weak magnetic field detection device according to claim 7, wherein the circularly-polarized pump optical path is further provided with a first reflector (22), and the circularly-polarized pump optical path returns to the alkali metal atom gas chamber (20) through the original optical path of the first reflector (22), so that the alkali metal atoms generate secondary polarization.
9. The full-polarization-control extremely-weak magnetic field detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that a heating element is further arranged on the periphery of the alkali metal atom air chamber (20), and the heating element heats the alkali metal atom air chamber (20) in a non-magnetoelectric heating or laser heating manner.
10. The full-polarization modulated extremely-weak magnetic field detection device according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the alkali metal atoms in the alkali metal atom gas chamber (20) are one or a mixture of two of potassium atoms, rubidium atoms and cesium atoms.
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| CN202210161335.6A CN114527413A (en) | 2022-02-22 | 2022-02-22 | Full-polarization regulation and control extremely-weak magnetic field detection device |
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Application publication date: 20220524 |