CN114526884A - Verification device capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration - Google Patents
Verification device capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a verification device capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration, which comprises: the device comprises a replaceable test section, a measuring system and a fluid conveying mechanism; the replaceable test section is a section of pipeline with a super-hydrophobic surface loaded on the inner wall, and the replaceable test section is connected with the fluid conveying mechanism; the fluid conveying mechanism is used for conveying fluid into the replaceable test section according to the determined fluid flow working condition; the measurement system is configured to measure a flow induced vibration parameter generated by a fluid flowing through the replaceable test section. The influence of the pipeline loaded with the super-hydrophobic surface on the reduction of the vibration caused by the pipeline flow is tested by using the device, the super-hydrophobic surface capable of effectively reducing the vibration caused by the flow is obtained in the early stage of pipeline design, and the pipeline is pre-designed accordingly, so that the pipeline design scheme capable of effectively reducing the vibration caused by the pipeline flow is obtained, and the pipeline engineering is more efficient and economical.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrodynamics and vibration mechanics, in particular to a verification device capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration.
Background
The pipe vibrations induced by fluid flow are referred to as flow-induced vibrations, and the mechanisms for inducing flow-induced vibrations are mainly vortex-induced vibrations, turbulent buffeting, elastohydrodynamic instabilities, and acoustic resonances (collectively referred to herein as the excitation frequency of the fluid flow). When the excitation frequency of fluid flowing in the pipeline is equal to or close to the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline, pipeline resonance is caused, and tiny vibration is amplified due to the resonance, so that the harmfulness of the pipeline is increased. The natural vibration frequency of the conduit depends on the modulus of elasticity and density of the conduit material, while the excitation frequency of the fluid flow changes with the fluid flow conditions.
At present, the method for reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration at home and abroad mainly comprises the following steps: the structural design for avoiding inducing the pipeline resonance is determined by adopting analytical calculation and experimental research, or the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline is improved by increasing or adjusting supports and changing the wall thickness and materials of the pipeline so as to avoid the excitation frequency, or the flow velocity of an inlet and outlet area is reduced, and the excitation frequency is reduced by increasing a damper, so that the resonance is avoided. However, the above method has disadvantages, and it is necessary to provide a new method capable of inducing vibration in the pipeline and a corresponding pipeline.
For a method capable of causing vibration by pipeline flow and a corresponding pipeline, an effective experimental verification means is lacked in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a verification device capable of reducing the flow-induced vibration of a pipeline, for verifying the method capable of reducing the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline and the corresponding effect of reducing the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a verification device capable of reducing flow-induced vibration in a conduit, comprising: the replaceable test section, the measuring system and the fluid conveying mechanism;
the replaceable test section is a section of pipeline with a super-hydrophobic surface loaded on the inner wall, and the replaceable test section is connected with the fluid conveying mechanism;
the fluid conveying mechanism is used for conveying fluid into the replaceable test section according to the determined fluid flow working condition;
the measurement system is configured to measure a flow-induced vibration parameter generated by the fluid flowing through the replaceable test segment.
Preferably, the measurement system comprises: a measurement assembly and a signal processing device;
the measuring assembly is arranged on the replaceable test section and is used for measuring flow-induced vibration parameters when fluid flows through the replaceable test section;
the signal processing device is electrically connected with the measuring assembly and used for receiving the measured flow-induced vibration parameters and recording the measuring result.
Preferably, the flow induced vibration parameters include: fluid flow and vibration intensity;
the measurement assembly includes: a flow sensor and a vibration signal collector;
the flow sensor is arranged in the replaceable test section and used for measuring the flow of the fluid passing through the replaceable test section so as to test the flowing working condition of the fluid passing through the replaceable test section;
the vibration signal collector is arranged on the outer wall of the replaceable test section and used for collecting vibration signals when fluid flows through the replaceable test section so as to obtain the vibration intensity when the fluid flows through the replaceable test section.
Preferably, the flow sensors are provided in two, one at each end of the replaceable test section, to check whether the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the replaceable test section reaches a constant value;
the vibration signal collectors are arranged in a plurality of numbers, the middle of the outer wall of the replaceable test section is arranged in a surrounding mode, and the vibration intensity of the replaceable test section is obtained according to the average value of the vibration signals measured by the plurality of vibration signal collectors.
Preferably, the signal processing apparatus includes: a signal adaptation instrument and a data acquisition analyzer;
the input end of the signal adjusting instrument is connected with the flow sensor and the vibration signal sensor, and the output end of the signal adjusting instrument is connected with the data acquisition analyzer and is used for adjusting the fluid flow signal of the flow sensor and the vibration signal acquired by the vibration signal acquisition instrument and then sending the adjusted fluid flow signal and the vibration signal to the data acquisition analyzer;
and the data acquisition analyzer is used for acquiring and analyzing the fluid flow signal and the vibration signal which are adjusted.
Preferably, the fluid delivery mechanism comprises: a fluid delivery conduit and a drive guide assembly;
the fluid conveying pipeline is connected with the replaceable test section and forms a circulating pipeline for fluid to flow circularly;
the driving guide assembly is arranged on the fluid conveying pipeline and used for driving and guiding fluid to circularly flow in the circulating pipeline and achieve the fluid flowing working condition.
Preferably, the fluid conveying conduit comprises in sequence: the device comprises a first connecting section, a driving section, an expansion section, a flow guide section, a contraction section and a second connecting section;
the replaceable test section is a straight pipe;
the first connecting section adopts an L-shaped pipe with a 90-degree bend, one end of the first connecting section is connected with one end of the replaceable test section, and the other end of the first connecting section is connected with one end of the driving section;
the driving section adopts an L-shaped pipe with a 90-degree bend, and the other end of the driving section is connected with the narrow end of the expansion section;
the expansion section is a horn-shaped pipeline, and the wide end of the expansion section is connected with the flow guide section;
the flow guide section is a U-shaped pipe with two 90-degree bent ends, and the other end of the flow guide section is connected with one wide end of the contraction section;
the contraction section is in a funnel shape and contracted, and the narrow end of the contraction section is connected with the second connection section;
the second connecting section is a straight pipe, and the other end of the second connecting section is connected with the other end of the replaceable test section, which is opposite to the first connecting section.
Preferably, the length of the expansion section is greater than or equal to the sum of the lengths of the replaceable trial section, the second connecting section and the contraction section;
and a pressure balancing seam is arranged at the joint of the second connecting section and the contraction section and is used for balancing the pressure when the fluid circularly flows.
Preferably, the drive guide assembly comprises: a driving element, a guide vane and a honeycomb device;
the driving element is used for driving the fluid to circularly flow;
the guide vanes and the honeycombs are used for guiding and adjusting the flow state of the fluid flowing to the replaceable test section, so that the Reynolds number of the fluid flowing in the replaceable test section is a fixed value under the driving of the driving element.
Preferably, the drive element comprises an impeller;
the impeller is arranged in the driving section and is connected with a motor, and the motor drives the impeller to rotate so that the impeller drives fluid to flow;
the rotating speed of the impeller is controlled by adjusting the output power of the motor, so that the flowing speed of the fluid is adjusted.
According to the verification device for reducing the pipeline flow-induced vibration, the measurement system is arranged at the replaceable test section, the flow-induced vibration parameters generated when the fluid flows through the replaceable test section are measured and analyzed, the influence of the pipeline loaded with the super-hydrophobic surface on the reduction of the pipeline flow-induced vibration is tested by using the device, the super-hydrophobic surface capable of effectively reducing the flow-induced vibration is obtained at the early stage of pipeline design, the pipeline is pre-designed according to the super-hydrophobic surface, and therefore the pipeline design scheme capable of effectively reducing the pipeline flow-induced vibration is obtained, and the pipeline engineering is more efficient and economical.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for reducing flow-induced vibration in a conduit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a superhydrophobic surface with a regular microstructure contemplated in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of gas-liquid ratio GF on the flow velocity of a fluid near the inner wall of a pipeline, obtained by a numerical simulation method;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of gas-liquid ratio GF on the turbulence vortex strength of fluid flowing in a pipeline, which is obtained by a numerical simulation method;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a verification device capable of reducing flow-induced vibration in a conduit;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the circulation pipeline of the device in fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the indication of orientation or positional relationship, such as "on" or the like, is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience and simplicity of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must be provided with a specific orientation, constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "disposed," "mounted," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly or removably connected, or integrally connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases for those skilled in the art.
The invention claims a verification device capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration, and firstly, a method capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration and a corresponding pipeline are described in detail for facilitating understanding.
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the effectiveness of pipeline resonance caused by the flowing of fluid in the pipeline is verified and avoided, namely the effectiveness of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration is verified. However, the pipe is not required to resonate, that is, the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipe is not equal to or similar to the natural vibration frequency of the pipe. The embodiment of the invention adopts the measure of changing the flowing state of the fluid in the pipeline to reduce the excitation frequency, so as to realize that the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline avoids the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline.
Researches show that the super-hydrophobic surface can influence turbulent flow, turbulent eddies can cause pipeline vibration, turbulent flow is increased, pipe wall vibration is increased, and therefore the super-hydrophobic surface influences pipeline flow-induced vibration. Therefore, the possibility of pipeline vibration caused by fluid flowing in the pipeline is reduced by loading the super-hydrophobic surface on the inner wall of the pipeline, and further damage caused by the pipeline vibration can be reduced. And a design method of loading a super-hydrophobic surface on the inner wall of the pipeline in advance is adopted, so that the construction cost of the project is reduced, and the project construction efficiency is improved.
Therefore, the method for reducing the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline and the technical idea of the pipeline related to the invention are as follows: the super-hydrophobic surface is added on the surface of the inner wall of the pipeline, and the flowing stability of the fluid in the pipeline can be improved by utilizing the super-hydrophobic surface, so that the flowing excitation frequency of the fluid in the pipeline is reduced, and the excitation frequency of the fluid in the pipeline is always lower than the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline when the fluid flows, so that the pipeline resonance can be effectively avoided. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method and the pipe, it is necessary to provide a corresponding verification device capable of reducing pipe flow-induced vibration to verify that pipe flow-induced vibration of the pipe whose inner wall is loaded with a superhydrophobic surface is reduced.
First, as shown in fig. 1, a method for reducing flow-induced vibration of a pipeline according to the present invention includes the steps of:
and S1, determining the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline.
Specifically, the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline is determined by the elastic modulus and the density of the pipeline material, and in this embodiment 1, the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline is obtained by field measurement, calculation using an empirical formula through relevant specifications, or numerical simulation calculation through finite element software for a certain pipeline.
And S2, acquiring the value of the characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface corresponding to the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline, wherein the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline can avoid the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline.
Specifically, the characteristic parameters of the superhydrophobic surface include: gas-liquid ratio GF or effective slip length L.
Specifically, the characteristic parameters of the superhydrophobic surface are used for characterizing the superhydrophobic performance of the superhydrophobic surface, and are generally expressed by a gas-liquid ratio gf (gas fraction) or an effective slip length L. Here, a superhydrophobic surface with a regular microstructure as shown in fig. 2 is used to illustrate the characteristic parameter of the surface-gas-liquid ratio GF, which is defined as: GF ═ P-W)/P, where P is the length of the topography period in the regular superhydrophobic surface microstructure and W is the length of contact of the liquid with the solid within the topography period.
As known from the prior researches, the monotonic correlation relationship exists between GF and L, and the GF and the L have equivalence, so that the gas-liquid ratio GF or the effective sliding length L can be selected to be used as the characteristic quantity of the super-hydrophobic surface to research the relationship between the GF and the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline. In the analysis of the subsequent examples of this specification, gas-liquid ratio GF is used for illustration only, but it should be understood that all uses of gas-liquid ratio GF can be calculated or expressed using effective slip length L, and both can be substituted.
Specifically, before the obtaining the value of the characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface corresponding to the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline, which enables the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline to avoid the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline, the method further comprises the following steps: determining structural parameters of the pipeline and fluid flowing conditions in the pipeline; and under the structural parameters and the fluid flowing working condition in the pipeline, obtaining the monotonic relation between the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface and the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline.
Specifically, after step S1, the natural frequency of the pipeline is determined, and to obtain the value of the characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface that enables the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline to avoid the value of the characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface corresponding to the natural frequency of the pipeline, it is necessary to know the influence of the characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface on the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing.
Specifically, the obtaining a monotonic relation between a characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface and an excitation frequency of fluid flowing in the pipe specifically includes: adopting finite volume method software as a numerical simulation tool to simulate the pipeline with the structural parameters; setting values of characteristic parameters of a plurality of different superhydrophobic surfaces; obtaining corresponding fluid flowing parameters in the pipeline under the condition that the characteristic parameter value of each super-hydrophobic surface is obtained by simulating the flow of fluid in the pipeline with the set characteristic parameter value of the super-hydrophobic surface according to the fluid flowing condition in the pipeline, and obtaining the monotonous relation between the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface and the fluid flowing parameters in the pipeline; and obtaining the monotonic relation between the characteristic parameter of the super-hydrophobic surface and the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline according to the monotonic relation between the characteristic parameter of the super-hydrophobic surface and the fluid flowing parameter in the pipeline and the known monotonic relation between the fluid flowing parameter in the pipeline and the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline.
Specifically, the flow of the fluid in the pipeline is researched by using a direct numerical simulation method, the relation between the super-hydrophobic surface characteristic and the pipeline flow-induced vibration is explored according to a simulation result, the finite volume method software is used as a numerical simulation tool in the direct numerical simulation method, the flow of the fluid in the pipeline is directly simulated and calculated, the flow of the fluid in the pipeline can be well simulated, and the simulation result is highly accurate.
Specifically, the numerical simulation tool specifically adopts an ANSYS Fluent; the pipeline structure parameters include: the diameter of the pipe, the length of the pipe; the fluid flowing condition in the pipeline comprises the following steps: fluid flow at the inlet of the pipeline, pipeline operating pressure, temperature, fluid density, fluid viscosity coefficient; the fluid flow parameters within the conduit include: flow direction velocity and turbulent vortex intensity near the inner wall surface of the pipeline; the monotonic relationship between the characteristic parameters of the superhydrophobic surface and the fluid flow parameters in the pipeline comprises: the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface and the flow direction speed near the inner wall surface of the pipeline are in a positive correlation relationship, and the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface and the turbulent vortex strength are in an inverse correlation relationship; the monotonic relationship between the fluid flow parameter in the conduit and the excitation frequency of fluid flow in the conduit comprises: the flow direction velocity near the inner wall surface of the pipeline is in an inverse correlation with the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline, and the turbulence vortex intensity is in a positive correlation with the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline; the monotonic relation between the characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface and the excitation frequency of the fluid flow in the pipeline is as follows: the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface are in an inverse correlation relation with the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline.
Specifically, the finite volume method software adopts ANSYS Fluent, the flow of fluid in the pipeline is simulated in the numerical simulation tool, relevant numerical values for simulating the flow of the fluid are set according to field operation condition data in projects such as a nuclear power plant and the like, namely, pipeline structure parameters and the flow condition of the fluid in the pipeline are obtained from the project field, and simulation operation is carried out after the numerical simulation tool inputs the pipeline structure parameters and the flow condition of the fluid in the pipeline.
In practical pipeline application, pipeline structure parameters and the flowing condition of fluid in a pipeline need to meet the performance requirement of pipeline fluid conveying, and the two can influence the flowing state of the fluid in the pipeline, so that the frequency of excitation generated by the fluid flowing to the pipeline is influenced. In a specific application example, the pipeline is a cooling water pipeline of a nuclear power plant, the diameter of the pipeline is generally 150mm, the flow speed in the pipeline is about 10m/s in operation, and the internal turbulence vortex intensity is 4000 under the condition of not loading a super-hydrophobic surface on the basis of calculation.
After inputting the corresponding pipeline structure parameters and the relevant values of the fluid flowing conditions in the pipeline into the numerical simulation tool, setting the values of the characteristic parameters of different super-hydrophobic surfaces, supposing that the super-hydrophobic surface with the value of the characteristic parameter is loaded on the inner wall of the pipeline, calculating the corresponding fluid flowing parameters in the pipeline under the values of the characteristic parameters of different super-hydrophobic surfaces in the numerical simulation tool, and obtaining the monotonic relation between the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface and the fluid flowing parameters in the pipeline. In the specific application example, the superhydrophobic surface characteristic parameter selects gas-liquid ratios GF with values of 0.25,0.5 and 0.75, respectively, and the change of the flow velocity and the turbulent vortex intensity near the inner wall surface of the corresponding pipeline is calculated for the superhydrophobic surface gas-liquid ratios GF, and partial results are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Specifically, in fig. 3: the horizontal axis represents the length X of the pipe, and the vertical axis represents the average value of the flow velocity in the vicinity of the inner wall surface of the pipe
As can be observed from fig. 3, as the gas-liquid ratio GF increases, the flow velocity near the inner wall surface increases. According to the theory of fluid mechanics, the fluid flow is divided into longitudinal flow and transverse flow from the moving direction, the longitudinal flow is along the axial direction (i.e. the flowing direction), the transverse flow is perpendicular to the axial direction, even if the flow velocity is not large, the transverse flow can cause the vibration of the pipeline, and the increase of the flow direction velocity (the flow velocity of the longitudinal flow) means that the transverse flow is reduced, the excitation frequency of the fluid flow in the pipeline is reduced, and the vibration caused by the pipeline flow is reduced.
Specifically, in fig. 4: the horizontal axis represents the gas-liquid ratio GF, and the vertical axis represents the turbulent vortex intensity (vortex intensity), and it can be observed from fig. 4 that the turbulent vortex intensity in the pipe decreases as the gas-liquid ratio GF increases, specifically, the turbulent vortex intensity 3500 at the gas-liquid ratio of 0.25, the turbulent vortex intensity 2650 at the gas-liquid ratio of 0.5, the turbulent vortex intensity 2010 at the gas-liquid ratio of 0.75, and the turbulent vortex intensity is a main cause of turbulent buffeting, so that the decrease thereof means that the excitation frequency of the fluid flow in the pipe decreases, thereby decreasing the pipe flow induced vibration.
From the above analysis, it is found that the influence of the flow-induced vibration by the fluid flow parameters such as the flow velocity and the turbulent vortex intensity near the inner wall surface of the duct is reduced as the gas-liquid ratio GF increases, as can be seen, the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface and the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline are in a monotonic relation, the gas-liquid ratio GF or the effective sliding length L of the super-hydrophobic surface is monotonous with the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline to be avoided, particularly, the lower the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline, the superhydrophobic surface that needs to be disposed should have a larger gas-liquid ratio GF or effective slip length L, the value of the characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface corresponding to the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline, which enables the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline to avoid the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline, can be obtained by establishing a relation table or a graph between the characteristic parameter GF of the superhydrophobic surface and the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline to be avoided.
Specifically, according to the analysis, the adding of the super-hydrophobic surface changes the flowing state of the fluid in the pipeline, reduces the influence of turbulent flow on the pipeline, leads the fluid flowing in the pipeline to tend to be in a stable state, thereby being capable of reducing the excitation frequency, selecting the super-hydrophobic surface with proper characteristic parameters under certain flowing working conditions and the self condition of the pipeline, so as to avoid the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline and ensure that the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline is always lower than the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline, thereby avoiding the resonance of the two, and under the same condition, because the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface and the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline are in a monotonous relation, although the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface can be selected as large as possible, however, in consideration of practical factors such as machining cost, the appropriate characteristic parameter value is selected as much as possible according to the natural vibration frequency of the pipe.
And S3, loading the super-hydrophobic surface with the characteristic parameter value on the inner wall surface of the pipeline so as to prevent the pipeline from resonating when the fluid flows in the pipeline.
Specifically, the loading of the superhydrophobic surface having the value of the characteristic parameter on the inner wall surface of the pipe comprises: etching the inner wall surface of the pipe to form a super-hydrophobic surface with the value of the characteristic parameter; or attaching or spraying a super-hydrophobic material on the inner wall surface of the pipeline to form a super-hydrophobic surface with the value of the characteristic parameter.
Specifically, the loading method may be that the superhydrophobic surface is formed by etching on the surface of the inner wall of the pipeline, for example, a superhydrophobic surface with the value of the characteristic parameter is directly formed on the inner wall of the pipeline by using a laser, an electroerosion process, or the like; or attaching or spraying a super-hydrophobic material on the inner wall surface of the pipeline to form the super-hydrophobic surface, wherein the super-hydrophobic material adopts a material with the value of the characteristic parameter, namely the value with the determined gas-liquid ratio GF or effective sliding length L.
Specifically, after the loading the superhydrophobic surface having the value of the characteristic parameter on the inner wall surface of the pipeline so that the pipeline resonance is not induced when the fluid flows in the pipeline, the method further comprises: connecting the pipeline loaded with the super-hydrophobic surface into a verification device capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration, wherein the verification device comprises a measurement system used for measuring flow-induced vibration parameters of the pipeline; delivering fluid into the pipeline and controlling the fluid to flow in the pipeline according to the determined fluid flow working condition; recording the flow-induced vibration parameters of the pipeline through the measuring system to verify that the pipeline loaded with the super-hydrophobic surface can reduce the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline.
Specifically, the verification device capable of reducing the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline is shown in fig. 5 and 6, and firstly, as shown in fig. 5, the pipeline loaded with the superhydrophobic surface is used as a replaceable test section 1, and a measuring system 2 is connected on the replaceable test section 1, then the test piece is connected in a fluid conveying mechanism 3 to form a circulating pipeline as shown in figure 6, the fluid conveying mechanism 3 conveys fluid into the replaceable test section 1, and controlling the fluid to flow in the replaceable test section 1 according with the fluid flow working condition required by the test, when the fluid flowing condition in the replaceable test section 1 meets the test requirement, the measuring system 2 records the corresponding flow-induced vibration parameter, particularly the vibration intensity of the replaceable test section 1 can be directly measured, and judging whether the pipeline loaded with the super-hydrophobic surface can reduce the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline or not according to the vibration intensity.
In a specific application example, as mentioned above, the pipeline is a cooling water pipeline of a nuclear power plant, the diameter of the pipeline is 150mm, the fluid flow in the replaceable test section 1 is controlled by the fluid conveying mechanism 3, the Reynolds number of the fluid flow in the pipeline is 8E +05 or other values, the condition that the flow speed is 10m/s is met, and the vibration signal is recorded.
In the method for reducing the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline, which is related by the invention, the structural vibration problem is converted into the fluid flow problem by associating the super-hydrophobic surface characteristic with the flow-induced vibration problem, the super-hydrophobic surface is added on the surface of the inner wall of the pipeline to reduce the pipeline flow-induced vibration, the turbulent vortex strength is reduced along with the enhancement of the super-hydrophobicity of the super-hydrophobic surface, the excitation strength is reduced from the source, structural vibrations caused by fluid flow in the conduit are reduced by changing the boundary conditions of the fluid flow, under the condition that the natural frequency of the pipeline is known in advance, the excitation frequency of the pipeline is adjusted to avoid the natural frequency of the pipeline by adjusting the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface of the inner wall of the pipeline, further, strong flow-induced vibration caused by resonance is reduced, and a pipeline engineering design method which is easier to realize, more efficient and more economical compared with the prior art is provided.
More specifically, the method related to the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1) compared with the calculation by an analytical method, the method directly carries out simulation calculation on the turbulent flow in the pipeline, so that the pipeline flow can be described more truly and accurately;
2) compared with an experimental research method, the method avoids error sources such as pump noise, pipeline buckling and pipeline supporting and hanging frames which are possibly introduced in the experimental process;
3) compared with a method for increasing or adjusting the support, the method does not need to change the existing design of the pipeline in the engineering and does not need to increase or change the support, so that the method has the characteristics of reducing the engineering cost and time, and has more economical efficiency and convenience;
4) compared with the method for changing the wall thickness and the material of the pipeline, the method does not need to replace the pipeline material or construct again, and only needs to treat the surface of the inner wall of the pipeline before construction, so that the time and the construction cost are saved;
5) compared with a method for reducing the flow velocity of the inlet and outlet areas, the method can reduce the design and calculation cost in the early stage and the later stage of the project;
6) compared with the damper, the invention does not need to greatly increase the weight of the system, and meanwhile, the use is not limited by the external temperature.
Secondly, the invention relates to a pipeline capable of reducing flow-induced vibration, which comprises a pipeline body and a super-hydrophobic surface;
the super-hydrophobic surface is loaded on the surface of the inner wall of the pipeline and has a value which enables the excitation frequency of fluid flowing in the pipeline to avoid the characteristic parameters corresponding to the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline, so that the fluid flowing in the pipeline cannot cause the resonance of the pipeline.
Optionally, the characteristic parameters include: gas-liquid ratio GF or effective slip length L.
Specifically, the microstructure of the superhydrophobic surface is classified into regular and irregular microstructures, in this embodiment, the superhydrophobic surface may be a regular or irregular microstructure, but both the microstructure and the effective slip length L need to have a determined value of the gas-liquid ratio GF, and the microstructure is generally irregular in order to reduce the manufacturing cost industrially, and for the superhydrophobic surface with an irregular microstructure, the characteristic parameter can also be expressed by the gas-liquid ratio GF or the effective slip length L.
Optionally, the superhydrophobic surface is loaded on the inner wall surface of the pipe, and includes: etching the inner wall surface of the pipe to form a super-hydrophobic surface with the value of the characteristic parameter; or attaching or spraying a super-hydrophobic material on the inner wall surface of the pipeline to form a super-hydrophobic surface with the value of the characteristic parameter.
In a specific embodiment, the super-hydrophobic surface is loaded on the inner wall surface of the pipeline by two loading methods: etching the surface of the inner wall of the pipeline to form the super-hydrophobic surface, for example, directly processing the inner wall of the pipeline by adopting the processes of laser, electric erosion and the like to form the super-hydrophobic surface with the value of the characteristic parameter; in another specific embodiment, a super-hydrophobic material is attached or sprayed on the surface of the inner wall of the pipeline to form the super-hydrophobic surface; the super-hydrophobic material adopts a material with the value of the characteristic parameter.
Optionally, the value of the characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface is determined with reference to the aforementioned method capable of reducing flow-induced vibrations of the conduit.
Optionally, the pipeline is further connected with a verification device capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration, and the verification device comprises a measurement system for measuring a flow-induced vibration parameter of the pipeline; delivering fluid into the pipeline and controlling the fluid to flow in the pipeline according to the determined fluid flow working condition; recording flow-induced vibration parameters of the pipe by the measurement system to verify that the pipe is capable of reducing flow-induced vibration.
According to the pipeline capable of reducing the flow-induced vibration, the super-hydrophobic surface is additionally arranged on the surface of the inner wall of the pipeline to reduce the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline, the super-hydrophobic surface has the characteristic parameter value corresponding to the natural vibration frequency of the pipeline, so that the excitation frequency of the fluid flowing in the pipeline can be avoided, and the structural vibration caused by the fluid flowing in the pipeline is reduced.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a verification apparatus capable of reducing flow-induced vibration of a pipe, including: the device comprises a replaceable test section 1, a measuring system 2 and a fluid conveying mechanism 3;
the replaceable test section 1 is a section of pipeline with a super-hydrophobic surface loaded on the inner wall, and the replaceable test section 1 is connected with the fluid conveying mechanism 3;
the fluid conveying mechanism 3 is used for conveying fluid into the replaceable test section 1 according to the determined fluid flow working condition;
the measuring system 2 is used to measure flow-induced vibration parameters generated when a fluid flows through the replaceable test section 1.
Specifically, the replaceable test section 1 is a section of the pipeline obtained by the method capable of reducing the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline or a section of the pipeline capable of reducing the flow-induced vibration, the verification device is used for verifying that the pipeline obtained as above can reduce the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline, the pipeline obtained as above is selected as the replaceable test section 1 to be tested, the vibration intensity of the pipeline when fluid flows in the pipeline is directly reflected through the flow-induced vibration parameters, and the effect of reducing the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline is realized through the reduction of the vibration intensity.
Optionally, the measurement system 2 comprises: a measurement component 21 and a signal processing device 22;
the measuring assembly 21 is arranged on the replaceable test section 1 and is used for measuring flow-induced vibration parameters when fluid flows through the replaceable test section 1;
the signal processing device 22 is electrically connected to the measuring assembly 21 for receiving the measured flow induced vibration parameter and recording the measurement result.
Specifically, the measuring system measures the flow-induced vibration parameters of the pipeline through the measuring component 21, receives and records the measurement result through the signal processing device 22, and can obtain more accurate relationship between the characteristic parameters of the super-hydrophobic surface and the flow-induced vibration of the pipeline through the richness and perfection of the measurement data record, so that effective empirical data are provided for pipeline engineering design.
Optionally, the flow induced vibration parameters include: fluid flow and vibration intensity;
the measuring assembly 21 includes: a flow sensor 211 and a vibration signal collector 212;
the flow sensor 211 is arranged in the replaceable test segment 1 and is used for measuring the fluid flow passing through the replaceable test segment 1 so as to test the flowing condition of the fluid flowing through the replaceable test segment 1;
the vibration signal collector 212 is arranged on the outer wall of the replaceable test section 1 and is used for collecting vibration signals when fluid flows through the replaceable test section 1 so as to obtain the vibration intensity when the fluid flows through the replaceable test section 1.
Specifically, after the flow sensor 211 checks that the fluid flowing condition through the replaceable test segment 1 meets the test requirement, the vibration signal collector 212 collects the vibration intensity of the replaceable test segment 1 and sends the vibration intensity to the signal processing device 22.
Optionally, two flow sensors 211 are provided, one at each end of the replaceable test segment 1, to check whether the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the replaceable test segment 1 reaches a constant value;
the vibration signal collectors 212 are arranged in a plurality of numbers, the middle of the outer wall of the replaceable test section 1 is arranged in a surrounding mode, and the vibration intensity of the replaceable test section 1 is obtained according to the average value of the vibration signals measured by the vibration signal collectors 212.
Specifically, the fluid flow at the inlet and outlet positions of the replaceable test section is measured according to the two flow sensors 211, the flow rates of the fluid flowing through the replaceable test section 1 before and after the fluid flows through the replaceable test section are calculated according to the fluid flow, the vibration signal acquisition unit 212 starts to acquire the vibration signal until the flow rates before and after the fluid flow are consistent and reach a constant value, the vibration signal acquisition unit can adopt an acceleration sensor and surround the middle of the pipeline, and the vibration intensity of the pipeline is acquired by calculating an average value.
Optionally, the signal processing device 22 includes: a signal adaptation instrument 221, a data acquisition analyzer 222;
the input end of the signal tuning unit 221 is connected to the flow sensor 211 and the vibration signal sensor 212, and the output end thereof is connected to the data acquisition analyzer 222, and is configured to tune the fluid flow signal of the flow sensor 211 and the vibration signal acquired by the vibration signal acquisition unit 212, and then send the tuned signals to the data acquisition analyzer 222;
the data collection analyzer 222 is used for collecting and analyzing the adjusted fluid flow signal and the vibration signal.
Specifically, the signal processing device 22 further includes a computer 223, the computer 223 is connected to the data acquisition analyzer 222, the data acquisition analyzer 222 converts an analog signal into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to the computer 223, the computer 223 combines the received signal with a value of a characteristic parameter of the corresponding superhydrophobic surface to give a measurement and analysis result of the flow-induced vibration of the replaceable test section 1, and a pipeline with different values of the characteristic parameter is used as the replaceable test section 1 to perform a plurality of tests, so that measurement and analysis results of the flow-induced vibration of the replaceable test section 1 and the characteristic parameter of the superhydrophobic surface can be given.
Optionally, the fluid delivery mechanism 3 comprises: a fluid delivery conduit 31 and a drive guide assembly 32;
the fluid conveying pipeline 31 is connected with the replaceable test section 1 and forms a circulating pipeline for fluid to flow circularly;
the driving guide assembly 32 is disposed on the fluid conveying pipe 31, and is used for driving and guiding the fluid to circulate in the circulation pipe, and to reach the fluid flow condition.
Specifically, the fluid flow working condition comprises that the fluid flow speed in the pipeline and the Reynolds number of the fluid flow in the pipeline are determined according to the actual diameter of the pipeline, the speed of the water flow reaching the replaceable test section 1 is required to be constant, the Reynolds number is 8E +05 or other values, and as the purpose of the invention is to measure the vibration parameters of the pipeline of the replaceable test section 1, the invention can realize the purpose only by controlling the flow working condition of the fluid flowing through the replaceable test section 1, so that whether the fluid circularly flows is not a necessary condition of the invention, and only the design scheme of circular flow is favorable for continuous measurement.
Optionally, the fluid conveying pipe 31 comprises in sequence: a first connecting section 311, a driving section 312, an expanding section 313, a flow guiding section 314, a contracting section 315 and a second connecting section 316;
the replaceable test section 1 is a straight pipe;
the first connecting section 311 is an L-shaped pipe with a 90-degree bend, one end of the first connecting section is connected with one end of the replaceable test section 1, and the other end of the first connecting section is connected with one end of the driving section 312;
the driving section 312 is an L-shaped pipe with a 90-degree bend, and the other end of the driving section is connected with the narrow end of the expansion section 313;
the expansion section 313 is a trumpet-shaped pipeline, and the wide end of the trumpet-shaped pipeline is connected with the flow guide section 314;
the flow guide section 314 is a U-shaped pipe with two 90-degree bent ends, and the other end of the flow guide section is connected with the wide end of the contraction section 315;
the contraction section 315 is in a funnel shape, and the narrow end of the contraction section is connected with the second connecting section 316;
the second connecting section 316 is a straight pipe, and the other end of the second connecting section is connected with the other end of the replaceable test section 1 opposite to the first connecting section 311.
Optionally, the length of the expanding section 313 is greater than or equal to the sum of the lengths of the replaceable trial section 1, the second connecting section 316 and the contracting section 315;
the joint of the second connecting section 316 and the contraction section 315 is provided with a pressure balancing slit 317 for balancing the pressure when the fluid circularly flows.
Specifically, the expansion section 313 is installed opposite to the replaceable test section 1, the second connection section 316 and the contraction section 315, the length of the expansion section is greater than or equal to the sum of the lengths of the three sections, and the 90-degree bends of all the pipelines are arc-shaped bends.
Optionally, the drive guide assembly 32 comprises: a drive element 321, guide vanes 322, and a honeycomb 323;
the driving element 321 is used for driving the fluid to circularly flow;
the guide vane 322 and the honeycomb device 323 are used to guide and adjust the flow state of the fluid flowing to the replaceable test section 1, so that the reynolds number of the fluid flowing in the replaceable test section 1 is constant under the driving of the driving element 321.
Optionally, the drive element 321 comprises an impeller 3211;
the impeller 3211 is disposed in the driving section 312, the impeller 3211 is connected to a motor 3212, and the motor 3212 drives the impeller 3211 to rotate, so that the impeller 3211 drives a fluid to flow;
the speed of the impeller 3211 is controlled by adjusting the output power of the motor 3212, thereby adjusting the speed of fluid flow.
Specifically, the impeller 3211 is disposed at one end of the driving section 312 connected to the first connecting section 311, the motor 3212 is disposed outside the pipeline of the driving section 312, and is connected to the impeller 3211 to drive the impeller 3211 to rotate, the guide vanes 322 include two sets, two sets of guide vanes 322 are disposed at two 90 ° bends of the guide section 314 respectively, and are configured to guide the fluid expanded and decelerated by the expanding section 313 to smoothly pass through the two 90 ° bends of the guide section, each set of guide vanes 322 includes a plurality of inward bent arc-shaped vanes, and are distributed along the outer angles of the 90 ° bends of the guide section 314 at inward angles, and the honeycomber 323 is disposed at one end of the contracting section 315 that is wide.
The use method of the verification device comprises the following steps: firstly, a pipeline loaded with the superhydrophobic surface to be verified is selected and is used as a replaceable test section 1 to be connected with a fluid conveying mechanism 3 to form a circulating pipeline, the pipeline is connected with a measuring system 2, a starting motor 3212 drives an impeller 3211 to rotate to drive fluid in the circulating pipeline to flow and circularly flow according to a determined fluid flowing working condition, a flow sensor 211 measures fluid flow at two ends of the replaceable test section 1 and transmits data to a signal processing device 22, after the flow rate is constant, a vibration sensor 212 measures pipeline vibration of the replaceable test section 1, flow-induced vibration parameters of the pipeline measured by the vibration sensor 212 are recorded, and the pipeline loaded with the superhydrophobic surface is verified to be capable of reducing flow-induced vibration of the pipeline and finally transmits the data to a computer 223 of the signal processing device 22 for storage and recording.
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a verification device capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration, wherein a measurement system is arranged on a replaceable test section 1 to measure and analyze flow-induced vibration parameters generated when fluid flows through the replaceable test section 1, so that a simple, convenient, economic and reliable experimental verification device is provided, and the pipeline flow-induced vibration parameters are obtained through experimental measurement results to test the performance of a pipeline.
The measuring equipment required by the experimental device is universal and low in price, is available in a general hydrodynamics laboratory, and can be compared, repeated and verified to ensure the correctness and accuracy of the experimental device; utilize this verifying attachment can test the pipeline that increases super hydrophobic surface and flow the influence that causes the vibration to reducing the pipeline, thereby for design the super hydrophobic surface that effectively reduces the pipeline flow and cause the vibration in earlier stage at the pipeline provides the basis, and then can use this super hydrophobic surface to pipeline inner wall surface, carry out the predesign, in avoiding current engineering reality, need modify the adjustment through on-the-spot feedback after pipeline design and construction and reduce the general way that flows and cause the vibration, construction cost and later stage modification cost have significantly reduced, time is saved, make the engineering more efficient and economic nature.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A verification device capable of reducing flow-induced vibration in a conduit, comprising: the replaceable test section, the measuring system and the fluid conveying mechanism;
the replaceable test section is a section of pipeline with a super-hydrophobic surface loaded on the inner wall, and the replaceable test section is connected with the fluid conveying mechanism;
the fluid conveying mechanism is used for conveying fluid into the replaceable test section according to the determined fluid flow working condition;
the measurement system is configured to measure a flow-induced vibration parameter generated by the fluid flowing through the replaceable test segment.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the measurement system comprises: a measurement assembly and a signal processing device;
the measuring assembly is arranged on the replaceable test section and is used for measuring flow-induced vibration parameters when fluid flows through the replaceable test section;
the signal processing device is electrically connected with the measuring assembly and used for receiving the measured flow-induced vibration parameters and recording the measuring result.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the flow induced vibration parameters comprise: fluid flow and vibration intensity;
the measurement assembly includes: a flow sensor and a vibration signal collector;
the flow sensor is arranged in the replaceable test section and used for measuring the flow of the fluid passing through the replaceable test section so as to test the flowing working condition of the fluid passing through the replaceable test section;
the vibration signal collector is arranged on the outer wall of the replaceable test section and used for collecting vibration signals when fluid flows through the replaceable test section so as to obtain the vibration intensity when the fluid flows through the replaceable test section.
4. A verification device capable of reducing conduit flow-induced vibration according to claim 3, wherein said flow sensors are provided in two, one at each end of said replaceable test section, to verify whether the flow rate of the fluid passing through said replaceable test section reaches a constant value;
the vibration signal collectors are arranged in a plurality of numbers, the middle of the outer wall of the replaceable test section is arranged in a surrounding mode, and the vibration intensity of the replaceable test section is obtained according to the average value of the vibration signals measured by the plurality of vibration signal collectors.
5. A verification apparatus capable of reducing conduit flow induced vibration according to claim 3, wherein said signal processing device comprises: a signal adaptation instrument and a data acquisition analyzer;
the input end of the signal adaptation instrument is connected with the flow sensor and the vibration signal sensor, and the output end of the signal adaptation instrument is connected with the data acquisition analyzer and used for transmitting a fluid flow signal of the flow sensor and a vibration signal acquired by the vibration signal acquisition instrument to the data acquisition analyzer after being adapted and adjusted;
and the data acquisition analyzer is used for acquiring and analyzing the fluid flow signal and the vibration signal which are adjusted.
6. A verification device capable of reducing conduit flow-induced vibration according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said fluid delivery mechanism comprises: a fluid delivery conduit and a drive guide assembly;
the fluid conveying pipeline is connected with the replaceable test section and forms a circulating pipeline for fluid to flow circularly;
the driving guide assembly is arranged on the fluid conveying pipeline and used for driving and guiding fluid to circularly flow in the circulating pipeline and achieve the fluid flowing working condition.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the fluid delivery conduit comprises, in order: the device comprises a first connecting section, a driving section, an expansion section, a flow guide section, a contraction section and a second connecting section;
the replaceable test section is a straight pipe;
the first connecting section adopts an L-shaped pipe with a 90-degree bend, one end of the first connecting section is connected with one end of the replaceable test section, and the other end of the first connecting section is connected with one end of the driving section;
the driving section adopts an L-shaped pipe with a 90-degree bend, and the other end of the driving section is connected with the narrow end of the expansion section;
the expansion section is a horn-shaped pipeline, and the wide end of the expansion section is connected with the flow guide section;
the flow guide section is a U-shaped pipe with two 90-degree bent ends, and the other end of the flow guide section is connected with one wide end of the contraction section;
the contraction section is in a funnel shape and contracted, and the narrow end of the contraction section is connected with the second connection section;
the second connecting section is a straight pipe, and the other end of the second connecting section is connected with the other end of the replaceable test section, which is opposite to the first connecting section.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the length of the expanding section is equal to or greater than the sum of the lengths of the replaceable test section, the second connecting section and the contracting section;
and a pressure balancing seam is arranged at the joint of the second connecting section and the contraction section and is used for balancing the pressure when the fluid circularly flows.
9. The device of claim 8, wherein the drive-inducing assembly comprises: a driving element, a guide vane and a honeycomb device;
the driving element is used for driving the fluid to circularly flow;
the guide vanes and the honeycombs are used for guiding and adjusting the flow state of the fluid flowing to the replaceable test section, so that the Reynolds number of the fluid flowing in the replaceable test section under the driving of the driving element is a fixed value.
10. A verification device capable of reducing conduit flow induced vibrations according to claim 9, wherein said drive element comprises an impeller;
the impeller is arranged in the driving section and is connected with a motor, and the motor drives the impeller to rotate so that the impeller drives fluid to flow;
the rotating speed of the impeller is controlled by adjusting the output power of the motor, so that the flowing speed of the fluid is adjusted.
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