CN109269749A - A kind of experimental tank of suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration test - Google Patents
A kind of experimental tank of suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration test Download PDFInfo
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- CN109269749A CN109269749A CN201811339054.5A CN201811339054A CN109269749A CN 109269749 A CN109269749 A CN 109269749A CN 201811339054 A CN201811339054 A CN 201811339054A CN 109269749 A CN109269749 A CN 109269749A
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- span pipeline
- advection
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experimental tanks of suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration test, the experimental tank is the cuboid of upper surface opening, and test section and Drainage Section two parts are divided by water flow partition board up and down, it is equipped on the experimental tank and flows to guiding device, power tunable arrangement, stationary flow device, suspended span pipeline suspension arrangement, apparatus for adjusting position and data acquisition device, in experimental tank of the present invention, upper honeycomb screen can be moved equidistantly, advection plate is installed using slot mode, it can reach slot Anti-knocking, opening elongated hole can buffer, and easy disassembly is tested, and it is installed in structure rationally, suspended span pipeline has test of the multi-pipe-diameter for different tube diameters, laterally and forward spring facilitates installing and dismounting, and cylinder suspension plate and splice plate move replacement, the test that water flow difference flows to direction can be done, experimental tank structure of the present invention it is simple and It is compact.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the structure designs of experimental tank device when the vortex-induced vibration of experimental test suspended span pipeline, and in particular to
A kind of experimental tank of suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration test.
Background technique
Vortex-induced vibration is a kind of special vibration mode of the suspended span pipeline under the effect of flow field, is the flow field effect of certain flow rate
Under, the vortex at suspended span pipeline wake flow falls off caused vibration.In order to grasp the mechanism and rule of suspended span pipeline vortex vibration, often
Pass through the vortex-induced vibration of the technique study suspended span pipeline of physical test.The device of the experimental test of existing suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration
Normal open overtesting sink generates uniform flow field, using ultrasound displacement sensor and its relevant device, tests under uniform flow field effect
The oscillation crosswise or flow direction vibration of the suspended span pipeline model of resilient support.The device of the suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration experimental test with
Method is commonly present the deficiency of following three aspects: (1) the generation aspect of uniform flow field, current experimental tank, power device are normal
Water flow is pushed using water pump, the water flow of generation, which is easily turned over, to be gushed and agitates, it is once rectified by the effect of honeycomb screen, though water can be made
Stream flowing is gentle, but flow field is not still visibly homogeneous;(2) in terms of the suspension of suspended span pipeline, two often are used in suspended span pipe ends
Spring hangs suspended span pipeline in flow field, therefore suspended span pipeline only has lateral resilient support, and the resilient support without flow direction, difficult
With the effect for the seabed soil that feasible simulation free spanning submarine pipeline is subject to;(3) in terms of test device, due to being passed using ultrasound displacement
The vortex-induced vibration of sensor and its relevant device experimental test suspended span pipeline, it is difficult to while testing the two of suspended span pipeline flow-direction or transverse direction
Freedom degree vibration.Simultaneously when testing the flow direction or oscillation crosswise of suspended span pipeline, since suspended span pipeline is there are the vibration of other direction,
Cause barrier suspended span pipeline so that reflecting surface is changed in its movement, will affect the survey of suspended span pipeline flow-direction or lateral amplitude of vibration
Amount is as a result, lead to the experimental result inaccuracy of suspended span pipeline flow-direction vibration frequency.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of suspended span pipeline whirlpool excitings
The experimental tank of dynamic test, the experimental tank can generate stable uniform flow field in vortex-induced vibration test, suspended span pipeline
Resilient support mode is acted on the seabed soil that feasible simulation free spanning submarine pipeline is subject to and reasonable sensor installation method
To test the vibration of suspended span pipeline flow-direction and transverse direction simultaneously, avoiding sensor from influencing flow location form influences reality with sensor is reduced
Vibration.
The specific technical solution that the present invention takes is:
A kind of experimental tank of suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration test, which is the cuboid of upper surface opening, and
Test section and Drainage Section two parts are divided into up and down by water flow partition board, is equipped on the experimental tank and flows to guiding device, power
Tunable arrangement, stationary flow device, suspended span pipeline suspension arrangement, apparatus for adjusting position and data acquisition device, in which:
It is described to flow to guiding device by front flow guiding plate, rear deflector, advection side plate and advection board group into front flow guiding plate peace
Front end loaded on water flow partition board, rear deflector are installed on the rear end of water flow partition board, rear deflector lower end design there are three or
Three or more circular arc handles constitute water flow vallecular cavity between two circular arc handles, and the front flow guiding plate and rear deflector all have certain circle
Radian and it is preceding stick up after play drainage water conservancy diversion;Advection side plate is close to experimental tank inner wall, is installed in water flow partition board and leans on
The nearby side of deflector, advection plate are installed on advection side plate;
The power tunable arrangement is electric plating propulsion, and the electric plating propulsion is made of adjustable motor, screw blade,
It is mounted on rear deflector lower end circular arc handle;
The stationary flow device is made of lower honeycomb screen and upper honeycomb screen, and lower honeycomb screen is respectively disposed with upper honeycomb screen
The grid of equal-sized multiple rows of multiple row, wherein lower honeycomb screen is located at Drainage Section right end close to electric plating propulsion position, upper rectification
Grid are located at test section left end;
The suspended span pipeline suspension arrangement is located in test section, by suspended span pipeline, suspended span pipeline suspension plate, forward spring,
Crossed strip composition, wherein suspended span pipeline suspension plate is tightly attached to experimental tank inner wall, and middle part is provided with cross bore, in cross bore
Lower height is longer than left and right, and crossed strip one end connects on the upside of cross bore, and the other end connects suspended span pipeline, and forward spring one end connects a cross bore left side
End, the other end connect suspended span pipeline, and laterally and forward spring makes suspended span pipeline vertical perpendicular to and at same level;
The apparatus for adjusting position is made of side plate, splice plate, wherein side plate is located at Drainage Section two sides, is close to test water
Slot inner wall, for the support to water flow partition board;Splice plate is located at test section two sides, is close to experimental tank inner wall, can be with suspended span pipe
Road suspension plate carries out position movement and replacement, is connected in the form of convex-concave slot between splice plate;
The data acquisition device is installed in suspended span pipeline, is made of installation device of sensor, sensor, wherein is passed
Sensor is installed on installation device of sensor, and installation device of sensor is collar member, in pipe inner close fitting suspended span inner wall of the pipe, is hanged
Sealing cover is installed across pipe ends, the position of sealing cover center and concentric circles is uniformly provided with equal three circular holes greatly, each
The sensor lead installed in the collar member of position corresponds to a circular hole position, is closely equipped with sealing on the circular hole that lead passes through
Circle, lead are being drawn from sealing ring, not used circular hole close installation gasket, for future use.
Preferably, the experimental tank is glass flume.
Preferably, the test section and the high accounting in Drainage Section are 2:1.
Preferably, three elongated holes are provided on the advection plate.
Preferably, the advection plate is installed as insertion slot type installation.
Preferably, equidistant wide slot is provided on the advection side plate, upper honeycomb screen equidistant position on advection side plate moves
Dynamic installation.
Preferably, the lower honeycomb screen grid is bigger more loose than upper honeycomb screen.
Preferably, the every side number of the splice plate is in 6-8 block.
Preferably, the suspended span pipe ends are bordering on experimental tank inner wall or the median surface in suspended span pipeline suspension plate thickness
On.
Preferably, it is uniformly symmetrically installed the installation device of sensor of three or five tests in suspended span pipeline, installs thereon
Sensor is installed in the same level of the same side.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. in experimental tank of the present invention, upper honeycomb screen can be moved equidistantly, advection plate is installed using slot mode, can reach
Slot Anti-knocking is opened elongated hole and can be buffered, and easy disassembly is tested, and installs rationally in structure, and suspended span pipeline has multi-pipe-diameter use
In the test of different tube diameters, laterally and forward spring facilitates installing and dismounting, and cylinder suspension plate and the removable replacement of splice plate, can
The test that water flow difference flows to direction is done, experimental tank structure of the present invention is simple and compact.
2. the present invention uses upper and lower honeycomb screen, upper and lower honeycomb screen grid comb is close in different size, can be effectively secondary to water flow
Current stabilization generates uniform flow field in test section.
3. collar member integrally fits in suspended span tube cavity in the present invention, manufacture is more accurate, no axial float and right
Flow field is without influence.
4. in the present invention suspended span pipeline have multi-pipe-diameter for different tube diameters test, can well-balanced installation sensor in suspended span pipe
Road inner wall, installation direction is consistent, actual displacement, speed and the acceleration measured it is more accurate.
5. splice plate and the removable replacement of suspended span pipeline suspension plate, can test and dismount to different direction water flow in the present invention
The mounting means of aspect, electric plating propulsion is simple and reliable, and is uniformly arranged in sink cross section, guarantee the stable motion of water flow and
The flow velocity in section is consistent
It, can be with according to the difference of measurement data 6. the present invention can increase the number of splice plate according to the actual situation
It is modified the shape of mounting structure, according to actual size and demand to solve the vortex-induced vibration of big suspended span pipeline flexible
Large scale model test problem.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of experimental tank described in embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the left end Fig. 1 partial enlarged view;
Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 right end partial enlarged view;
Fig. 4 is power tunable arrangement enlarged drawing;
Fig. 5 is suspended span pipeline suspension arrangement partial enlarged view;
Fig. 6 is data acquisition device structure chart;
Fig. 7 is scheme of installation of the data acquisition device in suspended span pipeline;
In figure: a. test section;B. Drainage Section;C. water flow partition board;11. front flow guiding plate;Deflector after 12.;121. circular arc handle;
122. water flow vallecular cavity;13. advection side plate;14. advection plate;141. elongated hole;2. electric plating propulsion;21. adjustable motor;22. spiral shell
Revolve blade;31. lower honeycomb screen;Honeycomb screen on 32.;41. suspended span pipeline;411. sealing cover;412. sealing ring;413. gasket;
42. suspended span pipeline suspension plate;43. forward spring;44. crossed strip;51. side plate;52. splice plate;61. sensor installation dress
It sets;62. sensor.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
A kind of experimental tank of suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration test, is glass flume, as shown in Figure 1, the experimental tank
For the cuboid of upper surface opening, and test section a and Drainage Section b two parts are divided by water flow partition board c or more, test section a with draw
Stream section b high accounting is 2:1;Be equipped on the experimental tank flow to guiding device, power tunable arrangement, stationary flow device,
Suspended span pipeline suspension arrangement, apparatus for adjusting position and data acquisition device, in which:
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 2,3, it is described flow to guiding device by front flow guiding plate 11, rear deflector 12, advection side plate 13 and
Advection plate 14 forms, and front flow guiding plate 11 is installed on the front end of water flow partition board c, after rear deflector 12 is installed on water flow partition board c
End, there are three rear 12 lower end of deflector designs or three or more circular arc handles 121, constitutes water flow vallecular cavity between two circular arc handles 121
122, the front flow guiding plate 11 and rear deflector 12 all have the function of certain circular arc degree and before stick up after play drainage water conservancy diversion;
Advection side plate 13 is close to experimental tank inner wall, is installed on water flow partition board c on the side of close front flow guiding plate 11, on advection side plate 13
It is provided with equidistant wide slot, 14 insertion slot type of advection plate is installed on advection side plate 13, and three elongated holes are provided on advection plate 14
141, to water flow be hampered torrent upstream when, water flow and water are buffered;
As shown in figure 4, the power tunable arrangement is electric plating propulsion 2, the electric plating propulsion is by adjustable motor 21, spiral shell
It revolves blade 22 to constitute, be mounted on rear 12 lower end circular arc handle of deflector;
As shown in Figure 1, the stationary flow device is made of lower honeycomb screen 31 and upper honeycomb screen 32, lower honeycomb screen 31 with it is upper
Honeycomb screen 32 is respectively disposed with the grid of equal-sized multiple rows of multiple row, wherein it is close that lower honeycomb screen 31 is located at Drainage Section b right end
2 position of electric plating propulsion carries out first time current stabilization to water flow, makes to carry out first current stabilization in Drainage Section b, upper honeycomb screen 32 is mounted on
Test section a and it is located at left end, the mobile installation of equidistant position, realizes secondary current stabilization, finally trying specially on advection side plate 13
It tests section a and generates stable uniform flow field;Lower 32 grid of honeycomb screen is bigger more loose than upper honeycomb screen 31, close to electric plating propulsion 2
Water flow it is big and turn over and gush strong, lower honeycomb screen 32 tentatively rectification water flow need to be reinforced rectifying when flowing water flows through honeycomb screen 31 again;
As shown in figure 5, the suspended span pipeline suspension arrangement is located in test section, hung by suspended span pipeline 41, suspended span pipeline
Plate 42, forward spring 43, crossed strip 44 form, wherein suspended span pipeline suspension plate 42 is tightly attached to experimental tank inner wall, middle part
It is provided with cross bore, cross bore is high longer than left and right up and down, and 44 one end of crossed strip connects on the upside of cross bore, and the other end connects suspended span pipeline
41, forward 43 one end of spring connects cross bore left end, and the other end connects suspended span pipeline 41, crossed strip 44 and forward spring 43 makes suspended span
41 vertical of pipeline is bordering on experimental tank inner wall or in suspended span pipeline perpendicular to and at same level, 41 both ends of suspended span pipeline
On the median surface of 42 thickness of suspension plate;
As shown in Figure 1, the apparatus for adjusting position is made of side plate 51, splice plate 52, wherein side plate 51 is located at Drainage Section
Experimental tank inner wall is close to, for the support to water flow partition board c in the two sides b;Splice plate 52 is located at the two sides test section a, is close to test
Inboard wall of cistern, the every side number of splice plate 52 are connected in the form of convex-concave slot between 6-8 block, splice plate 52, can be with suspended span pipe
Road suspension plate 42, which carries out position movement and replacement, putting for 42 different location of suspended span pipeline suspension plate, can make incoming flow and suspended span pipe
Road 41 is vertical, and incoming flow can also be made to form different inclinations angle from suspended span pipeline 41, so as to study down-flowing incoming and inclination incoming flow
Influence to suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration;
As shown in Figure 6,7, the data acquisition device is installed in suspended span pipeline 41, by installation device of sensor 61, is passed
Sensor 62 forms, wherein and sensor 62 is installed on installation device of sensor 61, and installation device of sensor 61 is collar member,
In 41 inner wall of pipe inner close fitting suspended span pipeline, 41 both ends of suspended span pipeline are equipped with sealing cover 411, and sealing cover 411 is central and concentric
Round position such as is uniformly provided at three big circular holes, and the sensor lead 621 installed in the collar member of each position is one corresponding
Circular hole position, is closely equipped with sealing ring 412 on the circular hole that sensor lead 621 passes through, and sensor lead 621 is from sealing ring
It is drawn in 412, not used circular hole close installation gasket 413 is uniformly symmetrically installed in the suspended span pipeline 41 for future use
The installation device of sensor 61 of three or five tests, the sensor 62 installed thereon are installed in the same level of the same side.
Experimental tank operational process: adjustable motor 21 drives screw blade 22 to rotate, and water body is pushed to enter Drainage Section b, passes through
Honeycomb screen 32 is crossed down, the first current stabilization of water flow is made;Subsequent water body is along 11 water conservancy diversion of front flow guiding plate, by upper honeycomb screen 31 current stabilization again,
Uniform flow field is generated in test section a;Finally, flow field flows through rear deflector 12, Drainage Section b, shape are again introduced into through electric plating propulsion 2
At circulation.
The experimental test process of suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration: it in the uniform flow field that the test section a of experimental tank is generated, puts
Suspended span pipeline 41 vertical or inclined with incoming flow is set, inner cavity is equipped with multiple equally distributed installation device of sensor 61, i.e.,
Collar member makes suspended span pipeline 41 and 62 synchronous vibration of 3-axis acceleration sensor;The both ends of suspended span pipeline 41 pass through crossed strip
44 and forward spring 43 is connect with suspended span pipeline suspension plate 42, can carry out forward with lateral vibration, three axis of collar member installation
The sensor lead 621 of acceleration transducer 62 is drawn from suspended span pipeline 41, is drawn in the circular hole through port sealing lid 411,
The vibratory test & analysis system of suspended span pipeline 41 is connected, acquisition is forward believed with the acceleration of oscillation crosswise with analysis suspended span pipeline 41
Number, therefore, under the action of uniform flow field the vibration forward with transverse direction occurs for suspended span pipeline 41, and acceleration signal is fixed
After being installed on the reception of 3-axis acceleration sensor 62 of 41 inner cavity of suspended span pipeline, it is transmitted to vibratory test & analysis system, can be obtained
Obtain the forward vibration with transverse direction of suspended span pipeline 41.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of experimental tank of suspended span pipeline vortex-induced vibration test, it is characterised in that the experimental tank is the length of upper surface opening
Cube, and test section and Drainage Section two parts are divided into up and down by water flow partition board, it is equipped on the experimental tank and flows to water conservancy diversion dress
It sets, power tunable arrangement, stationary flow device, suspended span pipeline suspension arrangement, apparatus for adjusting position and data acquisition device,
In:
It is described to flow to guiding device by front flow guiding plate, rear deflector, advection side plate and advection board group at front flow guiding plate is installed on
The front end of water flow partition board, rear deflector are installed on the rear end of water flow partition board, rear deflector lower end design there are three or three
The above circular arc handle constitutes water flow vallecular cavity between two circular arc handles, and the front flow guiding plate and rear deflector all have certain circular arc degree
And it is preceding stick up after play drainage water conservancy diversion;Advection side plate is close to experimental tank inner wall, is installed in water flow partition board by nearby
The side of deflector, advection plate are installed on advection side plate;
The power tunable arrangement is electric plating propulsion, and the electric plating propulsion is made of adjustable motor, screw blade, is installed
On rear deflector lower end circular arc handle;
The stationary flow device is made of lower honeycomb screen and upper honeycomb screen, and lower honeycomb screen and upper honeycomb screen are respectively disposed with size
The grid of equal multiple rows of multiple row, wherein lower honeycomb screen is located at Drainage Section right end close to electric plating propulsion position, upper honeycomb screen position
In test section left end;
The suspended span pipeline suspension arrangement is located in test section, by suspended span pipeline, suspended span pipeline suspension plate, forward spring, transverse direction
Spring composition, wherein suspended span pipeline suspension plate is tightly attached to experimental tank inner wall, and middle part is provided with cross bore, and cross bore is high up and down
Longer than left and right, crossed strip one end connects on the upside of cross bore, and the other end connects suspended span pipeline, and forward spring one end connects cross bore left end,
The other end connects suspended span pipeline, and laterally and forward spring makes suspended span pipeline vertical perpendicular to and at same level;
The apparatus for adjusting position is made of side plate, splice plate, wherein side plate is located at Drainage Section two sides, is close in experimental tank
Wall, for the support to water flow partition board;Splice plate is located at test section two sides, is close to experimental tank inner wall, can be outstanding with suspended span pipeline
Hanging plate carries out position movement and replacement, is connected in the form of convex-concave slot between splice plate;
The data acquisition device is installed in suspended span pipeline, is made of installation device of sensor, sensor, wherein sensor
It is installed on installation device of sensor, installation device of sensor is collar member, in pipe inner close fitting suspended span inner wall of the pipe, suspended span pipe
Road both ends are equipped with sealing cover, and the position of sealing cover center and concentric circles is uniformly provided with equal three circular holes greatly, each position
Collar member on the corresponding circular hole position of the sensor lead installed, sealing ring is closely installed on the circular hole that lead passes through,
Lead is being drawn from sealing ring, not used circular hole close installation gasket, for future use.
2. experimental tank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the experimental tank is glass flume.
3. experimental tank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the test section is 2:1 with the high accounting in Drainage Section.
4. experimental tank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be provided with three elongated holes on the advection plate.
5. experimental tank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the advection plate is installed as insertion slot type installation.
6. experimental tank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that equidistant wide slot is provided on the advection side plate, on
The mobile installation of honeycomb screen equidistant position on advection side plate.
7. experimental tank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the lower honeycomb screen grid is bigger more than upper honeycomb screen
It is loose.
8. experimental tank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the every side number of splice plate is in 6-8 block.
9. experimental tank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the suspended span pipe ends are bordering on experimental tank inner wall
Or on the median surface of suspended span pipeline suspension plate thickness.
10. experimental tank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be uniformly symmetrically installed three or five surveys in suspended span pipeline
The installation device of sensor of examination, the sensor installed thereon are installed in the same level of the same side.
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Cited By (4)
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CN110657936A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-07 | 中国海洋大学 | Experimental device for simulating interaction between seabed suspended pipeline and shoulder-spanning soil body |
CN112146837A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-29 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating vibration slapping coupling response of submarine suspended span pipe |
CN112985725A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-18 | 盐城工学院 | Electronic component vibrations test bench |
CN114526884A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-24 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Verification device capable of reducing pipeline flow-induced vibration |
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