CN114526509A - Centralized and distributed short-term heat storage parallel solar heating system and method - Google Patents
Centralized and distributed short-term heat storage parallel solar heating system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114526509A CN114526509A CN202210168915.8A CN202210168915A CN114526509A CN 114526509 A CN114526509 A CN 114526509A CN 202210168915 A CN202210168915 A CN 202210168915A CN 114526509 A CN114526509 A CN 114526509A
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 291
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/40—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a centralized solar heating system and a method with parallel short-term heat storage and distributed heat storage, which comprises a short-term centralized heat storage solar heat source station, a transmission and distribution pipeline, a distributed heat storage heat exchange station and a user heating system, wherein heat collected by the centralized solar heat collection system is stored in a centralized short-term heat storage water tank after being exchanged by a first heat exchanger in a heating season, and the heat in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank is transmitted and distributed to each heat user for heating through the transmission and distribution pipeline. When the solar heat collection field can not collect heat, the air source heat pump in the heat exchange station heats circulating water in the parallel distributed short-term heat storage system, heated hot water is stored in each distributed short-term heat storage water tank, and the stored heat is subjected to heat exchange through the third heat exchanger and then is transmitted to each heat user for heating. The invention combines the centralized short-term heat storage and the distributed short-term heat storage in parallel, and improves the reliability and the stability of the solar heating system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar heating, in particular to a centralized and distributed short-term heat storage parallel solar heating system and method.
Background
Solar heating is an important technical branch in the solar heat utilization technology at the present stage. Although the total amount of solar energy resources is huge, the intermittent heating of the solar heating system is unstable due to the characteristic of solar radiation that solar radiation fluctuates day by day. At present, low-cost hot water heat storage is the most effective way for relieving instability of solar heating.
According to the scale of the solar heating and heat storage water body, two modes of long-term and short-term heat storage across seasons can be generally adopted. Short-term thermal storage systems have the characteristics of low cost, low heat loss, but limited thermal storage, and are therefore commonly used in consumer or small-scale solar heating systems. The large-scale heat accumulation water body strides season, and the heat accumulation duration cycle is long and heat radiating area is big, leads to the heat loss of centralized short-term heat accumulation water tank to account for great, and the heat accumulation loss is more showing when the design heat accumulation temperature of heat accumulation pond is higher especially. Thus, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with both long and short term thermal storage applications.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a centralized solar heating system and a method connected with distributed short-term heat storage in parallel, when the solar heat collection field cannot collect heat at night or in rainy days, the heat provided by the centralized short-term heat storage water tank cannot meet the heating requirement of a heat user, at the moment, the heat in the air is extracted by an air source heat pump and stored in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank, and then the heat is conveyed to the user heating system. In addition, the electric power consumed by the air source heat pump preferentially adopts surplus electricity such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, so that the effect of consuming the surplus electricity of renewable energy sources is achieved, and the carbon emission in the operation of a heating system is reduced. The design of the invention can ensure the stability of the system, and is beneficial to the popularization and the use of the solar centralized heating system in urban areas with rich solar energy resources in China.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a centralized solar heating system connected with distributed short-term heat storage in parallel comprises a short-term centralized heat storage solar heat source station, a transmission and distribution pipeline, a distributed heat storage heat exchange station and a user heating system 31;
the distributed heat storage heat exchange stations are provided with a plurality of groups, the solar heat source station is connected with the distributed heat exchange stations through a long-distance transmission and distribution pipeline, and the concentrated heat storage water tank is connected with the short-term distributed heat storage water tank in a parallel connection mode.
The short-term concentrated heat storage solar heat source station comprises a concentrated solar heat collection system 1 and a concentrated short-term heat storage water tank 3, wherein the concentrated short-term heat storage water tank 3 is provided with a heat stratification layer, the water temperature at the upper part is relatively high, the water temperature at the lower part is relatively low, a temperature sensor and two pipelines are respectively arranged at the high-temperature water and the low-temperature water of the concentrated short-term heat storage water tank 3, the two pipelines are respectively connected with a first heat exchanger 2 and a second heat exchanger 4 and are respectively used for storing heat generated by the concentrated solar heat collection system in a heating season and conveying the stored heat to each heat user in the heating season;
the distributed heat storage heat exchange stations are arranged in parallel, the solar heat source station is connected with each distributed heat storage heat exchange station and the user heating system which are connected in parallel through transmission and distribution pipelines, a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 14 is arranged on a heating water supply pipe of the transmission and distribution pipelines, and a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 15 is arranged on a heating water return pipe;
and a gate valve six 11 and a temperature sensor three 16 are arranged on a transmission and distribution pipeline of the heating water supply pipe, and a gate valve seven 12 and a temperature sensor four 17 are arranged on a transmission and distribution pipeline of the heating water return pipe.
The heat source side of the first heat exchanger 2 is connected with a solar heat collector array 1-1 in the concentrated solar heat collection system 1 through a supply pipe and a return pipe of a heat collection circulation loop, the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 2 is connected with a centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 through a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 2-1 and a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 2-2, a gate valve second 5 is connected to the first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 2-1 in series, and a gate valve third 6 and a hot water circulation pump first 7 are connected to the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 2-2 in series.
High-temperature anti-freezing solution flows through the first heat exchanger 2, after the high-temperature anti-freezing solution exchanges heat through the first heat exchanger 2, the anti-freezing solution in the pipeline is changed from high temperature to low temperature, the high-temperature anti-freezing solution flows into the heat collector array 1-1 in a pressurized manner through the heat collection circulating pump 1-4, hot water in a first circulating pipeline heated by the first heat exchanger 2 flows into the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 through the gate valve 5, heat collected by the centralized solar heat collection system 1 is stored in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 in a heating season, high-temperature water in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 flows into low-temperature water in a heat exchange manner through the second heat exchanger when the heating demand exists in the heating season, and the low-temperature water after heat exchange is pressurized back to the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 through the hot water circulating pump 10, and the cycle is repeated;
the hot water in the second heat exchange pipeline heated by the second heat exchanger 4 is pressurized by the hot water circulating pump 13 and sent to the user heating systems 31 through the transmission and distribution pipeline.
The distributed heat storage heat exchange station comprises a distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25, a heating water supply port of the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 is arranged on the middle upper portion, a heating water return port is arranged on the middle lower portion, a water replenishing port is arranged on the lower portion, the temperature in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 is uniform, a heat insulation layer and a waterproof layer are arranged on the side wall and the bottom of the distributed short-term heat storage water tank, the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 is provided with a safety valve 25-1 and a temperature sensor 25-2 for monitoring the temperature of water in the water tank in real time, and the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 is connected with a user heating system 31 through a heating water supply pipe 31-4 and a heating water return pipe 31-5.
The distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 stores heat extracted by an air source heat pump 27 in the distributed heat storage heat exchange station, the gate valve ten 22 is connected in series to a hot water outflow pipe between the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 and the third heat exchanger 21, the gate valve eleven 23 is connected in series to a cold water inflow pipe between the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 and the third heat exchanger 21, the hot water circulating pump five 24 is connected in series to a cold water inflow pipe between the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 and the third heat exchanger 21, and the hot water circulating pump six 26 is connected in series to a cold water outflow pipe between the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 and the air source heat pump 27.
The user heating system 31 is pressurized by the heating circulating pump 28, hot water flowing from the user heating system 31 flows into the water separator 31-2 through the heating water supply pipe 31-4, high-temperature hot water in the water separator 31-2 is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat release at the heat radiating end of a user, the low-temperature cold water returns to the water collector 31-3 and flows to a corresponding heat exchanger through the heating water return pipe 31-5 to be heated, and the circulation is repeated, so that the heating requirement of a hot user area is met, the gate valve twelve 29 is connected in series to the heating water supply pipe between the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 14 and the user heating system 31, and the gate valve thirteen 30 is connected in series to the heating water return pipe between the second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 15 and the user heating system 31.
A control method of a centralized solar heating system connected with distributed short-term heat storage in parallel comprises the following steps of; in a solar heating system with centralized short-term heat storage and distributed short-term heat storage connected in parallel, a centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 in a solar heat source station and a distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 in a distributed heat storage heat exchange station are connected in parallel, and form two-stage heat sources which can respectively supply heat to heat users;
the system control method includes the following steps;
when a user needs to supply heat in a heating season, a solar heat collector array 1-1 in the concentrated solar heat collecting system 1 receives solar radiation, and when the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter) and the temperature of a temperature sensor 1-2 is lower than a set temperature (such as 80 ℃), the antifreeze solution is preheated, so that the temperature of the antifreeze solution in a circulating loop is balanced; when the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), and the temperature of the temperature sensor 1-2 is higher than a set temperature (such as 80 ℃), heat is exchanged outwards through the first heat exchanger 2;
the temperature of the temperature sensor 1-2 is higher than that of a hot water temperature sensor 3-1 at the low-temperature water position of the centralized short-term heat storage water tank and is added by 10 ℃, high-temperature antifreeze passes through the first heat exchanger 2, after heat exchange is carried out by the first heat exchanger 2, the antifreeze in the pipeline is changed from high temperature to low temperature, and the antifreeze is pressurized by the heat collection circulating pump 1-4 and flows into the heat collector array 1-1 to prepare the next cycle;
hot water in a first circulation pipeline heated by the first heat exchanger 2 flows into the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 through a gate valve 5, heat collected by the centralized solar heat collection system 1 is stored in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 in a heating season, high-temperature water in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 flows through the second heat exchanger for heat exchange 4 to become low-temperature water in the heating season when heating is required, and the low-temperature water after heat exchange is pressurized by the hot water circulation pump 10 and returns to the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3, and the process is repeated;
the hot water in the second heat exchange pipeline heated by the second heat exchanger 4 is pressurized by the hot water circulating pump 13 and then is sent to each user heating system 31 through the transmission and distribution pipeline;
if the solar heat collection field can not collect heat at night or in rainy days and the like, the heat provided by the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 can not meet the heating requirement of a heat user, namely when the temperature of the temperature sensor III 16 is lower than the set temperature (such as 85 ℃), the centralized short-term heat storage system is closed, the distributed short-term heat storage system is opened, the air source heat pump 27 is opened to heat circulating water in the parallel distributed short-term heat storage system, heated hot water enters the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25, high-temperature water is changed into low-temperature water through heat exchange of the third heat exchanger 21, and the low-temperature water after heat exchange is pressurized and returned to the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 through the hot water circulating pump V24, and the circulation is repeated; the hot water and hot water circulating pump four 20 heated by the third heat exchanger 21 is pressurized and then is conveyed to the user heating system 31;
when a heat user has a heating demand, hot water flowing from a user heating system 31 is pressurized by a heating circulating pump 28 and then flows into a water separator 31-2 through a heating water supply pipe 31-4, high-temperature hot water in the water separator 31-2 is changed into low-temperature cold water after releasing heat at the heat dissipation end of the user, the low-temperature cold water returns to a water collector 31-3 and flows to a corresponding heat exchanger for heating through a heating water return pipe 31-5, and the circulation is repeated, so that the heating demand of a heat user area is met;
the temperature sensors I1-2, the temperature sensors II 3-1, the temperature sensors III 16, the temperature sensors IV 17 and the temperature sensors V25-2 monitor the temperature of antifreeze at the outlet of the centralized solar heat collection system 1, the temperature of low-temperature water in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3, the temperature of water at the inlet and the outlet of the second heat exchanger 4 and the temperature of water in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 in real time, and transmit temperature signals to the system controller;
when a user needs heating in a heating season, the solar heat collector array 1-1 receives solar radiation, when the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), a gate valve 1-4 and a heat collection circulating pump 1-6 are opened, and an inlet a and an outlet b of a three-way valve 1-3 are used; irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), and the temperature of the temperature sensor is 1-2 ℃ and the temperature (T) of the centralized short-term heat storage water tank at low temperature water3-1) The difference is greater than 10 ℃ (T)1-2-T3-1>10 ℃), opening the second gate valve 5, the third gate valve 6, closing the first gate valve 1-4, using the inlet a and the outlet c of the three-way valve 1-3 until the temperature of the first temperature sensor 1-2 (T)S) Temperature (T) of low-temperature water in centralized short-term heat storage water tank3-1) The difference is reduced to 2 deg.C (T)1-2-T3-1<2 ℃), closing the second gate valve 5, the third gate valve 6, opening the first gate valve 1-4 and using the inlet a and the outlet b of the three-way valve 1-3;
when the temperature difference (T) between the three temperature sensors 16 and the four temperature sensors 17 is measured16-T17) When the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 16 and the fourth temperature sensor 17 is higher than the set value plus 5 ℃ (such as 30 ℃ plus 5 ℃), the opening degree of the sixth gate valve 11 is adjusted to be small, the flow of the circulating hot water in the transmission and distribution pipeline is reduced, and when the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 16 and the fourth temperature sensor 17 is higher than the set value plus 5 ℃ (such as 30 ℃ plus 5 ℃), the sixth gate valve 11 is normally opened;
when the temperature of the hot water in the hot water pipe 14 of the second heat exchange pipeline cannot meet the heating requirement of a heat user, that is, the temperature of the temperature sensor three 16 is lower than a set temperature (for example, 85 ℃), closing the gate valve six 11, the gate valve seven 12, the hot water circulating pump two 10 and the hot water circulating pump three 13, opening the air source heat pump 27 to extract heat from the air, opening the gate valve eight 18, the gate valve nine 19, the gate valve ten 22, the gate valve eleven 23, the gate valve twelve 29, the gate valve thirteen 30, the hot water circulating pump four 20, the hot water circulating pump five 24, the hot water circulating pump six 26 and the heating circulating pump 28, storing the heat in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25, exchanging heat through the third heat exchanger 21, and further conveying the heat to the user heating system 31.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a centralized solar heating system connected in parallel with distributed short-term heat storage, which combines the two short-term heat storages in a parallel connection mode to supplement each other and overcomes the defect that the short-term heat storage mode is independently applied. The heat collected by the solar heat collection field is stored in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank and is conveyed to a user heating system through a transmission and distribution pipeline. When the solar heat collection field can not collect the thermal condition such as night or rainy weather, the heat that centralized short-term heat storage water tank provided can not satisfy hot user's heating demand, draws the heat storage in the air through air source heat pump this moment and stores in the short-term heat storage water tank of distributing type, and then carries the heat to user heating system. In addition, the electric power consumed by the air source heat pump preferentially adopts surplus electricity such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, so that the effect of consuming the surplus electricity of renewable energy sources is achieved, and the carbon emission in the operation of a heat supply system is reduced. The design of the invention can ensure the stability of the system, and is beneficial to the popularization and the use of the solar centralized heating system in urban areas with rich solar energy resources in China.
In the system, a centralized heat storage water tank is used for storing heat of a centralized solar heat collection field, a distributed heat storage water tank is used for storing heat generated by an air source heat pump driven by residual electricity such as photovoltaic power, wind power, hydraulic power and the like, and two heat sources are formed after the distributed heat storage water tank and the air source heat pump are connected in parallel to form a two-stage heat source and can respectively supply heat to heat users; the system has the advantages that two heat sources, namely the solar heat collection heat source and the air source heat pump, are integrated in the centralized and distributed short-term heat storage parallel system, so that the heat complementation effect can be achieved, the stability of the system is improved, the peripheral photovoltaic, wind power and hydraulic power surplus electricity can be consumed, and the comprehensive utilization rate of renewable energy of the town energy system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a solar heating system with centralized short-term heat storage and distributed short-term heat storage connected in parallel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a system diagram of a concentrated solar energy collection system provided by the practice of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of a distributed short-term hot water storage tank provided by the implementation of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a part of a user heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of system control provided by the implementation of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1, concentrating a solar heat collection system; 1-1 solar collector array; 1-2, a first temperature sensor; 1-3 three-way valves; 1-4, a first gate valve; 1-5 constant pressure expansion tank; 1-6 heat collection circulating pump; 2 a first heat exchanger; 2-1, a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe; 2-2 a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe; 3 centralized short-term heat storage water tank; 3-1, a second temperature sensor; 4 a second heat exchanger; 5, a second gate valve; 6, a gate valve III; 7, a hot water circulating pump I; 8, a gate valve IV; 9, a gate valve V; 10 hot water circulating pump II; 11, a gate valve six; 12, a gate valve seventh; 13 hot water circulating pump III; 14 a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe; 15 a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe; 16 temperature sensor three; 17 a fourth temperature sensor; eighth 18 gate valve; 19, a gate valve nine; 20 hot water circulating pump four; 21 a third heat exchanger; 22, a gate valve ten; eleven gate valves 23; 24 hot water circulating pump five; 25 distributed short-term thermal storage water tanks; 25-1 safety valve; 25-2, a temperature sensor five; 26 hot water circulating pump six; 27 an air source heat pump; 28 heating circulating pump; a 29 gate valve twelve; 30, a gate valve thirteen; 31 a user heating system; a 31-1Y filter; 31-2 water separator; 31-3 water collector; 31-4 heating water supply pipe; 31-5 heating water return pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the solar heating system provided in this embodiment includes: the system comprises a short-term concentrated heat storage solar heat source station, a transmission and distribution pipeline, a distributed heat storage and exchange station and user heating systems (each user heating system is provided with one distributed heat storage and exchange station). Each pipeline is provided with necessary valves and circulating pumps for maintenance and control requirements.
As shown in fig. 2, the concentrated solar heat collecting system 1 includes: the system comprises a solar heat collector array 1-1, a temperature sensor I1-2, a three-way valve I1-3, a gate valve I1-4, a constant pressure expansion tank 1-5 and a heat collection circulating pump 1-6. Wherein the constant pressure expansion valve 1-5 is connected with the heat collection circulation loop through an indirect pipe. The heat source side of the first heat exchanger 2 is connected with a solar heat collector array 1-1 through a heat collection circulation loop, the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 2 is connected with a centralized short-term heat storage water tank 3 through a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 2-1 and a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 2-2, a second gate valve 5 is connected to the first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 2-1 in series, a third gate valve 6 is connected to the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 2-2 in series, and a first hot water circulation pump 7 is connected to the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 2-2 in series.
As shown in fig. 3, the heat extracted by the air source heat pump 27 in the distributed heat storage heat exchange station is stored in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25, the gate valve ten 22 and the gate valve eleven 23 are respectively connected in series to the hot water outlet pipe and the cold water inlet pipe, and the hot water circulating pump five 24 and the hot water circulating pump six 26 are respectively connected in series to the cold water inlet pipe and the cold water outlet pipe.
The heating water supply port of the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 is arranged at the middle upper part, the heating water return port is arranged at the middle lower part, the water replenishing port is arranged at the lower part, and the safety valve 25-1 is arranged at the upper part. A temperature sensor five 25-2 for monitoring the water temperature in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 in real time is arranged in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank, and the temperature sensor five 25-2 is connected to a system controller through a line. The water temperature in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25 is set to a highest design value, a lowest design value and a design average value, the temperature in the short-term heat storage water tank is uniform, and the side wall and the bottom are provided with a heat insulation layer and a waterproof layer.
As shown in fig. 4, the user heating system 31 includes: a Y-shaped filter 31-1, a water separator 31-2 and a water collector 31-3. When a user has a heating demand, incoming high-temperature hot water is pressurized by the heating circulating pump 28 and flows into the heating water supply pipe 31-4, the high-temperature hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after being released at the heat dissipation end of the user through the water separator 31-2, the low-temperature cold water returns to the water collector 31-3 and flows to a corresponding heat exchanger for heating through the heating water return pipe 31-5, and the circulation is repeated, so that the heating demand of a hot user area is met, and the gate valve twelve 29 and the gate valve thirteen 30 are respectively connected in series on the heating water supply pipe and the heating water return pipe.
The first heat exchanger 2, the second heat exchanger 4 and the third heat exchanger 21 are all plate heat exchangers.
When a user needs heating in a heating season, the solar heat collector array 1-1 receives solar radiation, when the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), a gate valve 1-4 and a heat collection circulating pump 1-6 are opened, and an inlet a and an outlet b of a three-way valve 1-3 are used; the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), and the difference between the temperature of the first temperature sensor 1-2 and the temperature of the second temperature sensor 3-1 is greater than 10 ℃ (T)1-2-T3-1>10 ℃, opening a second gate valve 5, a third gate valve 6, closing a first hot water circulating pump 7, closing the first gate valve 1-4, and using an inlet a and an outlet c of a three-way valve 1-3 until the difference between the temperature of the first temperature sensor 1-2 and the temperature of the second temperature sensor 3-1 is reduced to 2 ℃ (T)1-2-T3-1<And 2 ℃, closing the second gate valve 5, the third gate valve 6, opening the first gate valve 1-4 and using the inlet a and the outlet b of the first three-way valve 1-3, wherein the hot water circulating pump 7 is arranged in the first three-way valve.
When the temperature difference (T) between the three temperature sensors 16 and the four temperature sensors 17 is measured16-T17) And when the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 16 and the fourth temperature sensor 17 is higher than the set value plus 5 ℃ (such as 30 ℃ plus 5 ℃), the sixth gate valve 11 is normally opened.
When the temperature of the temperature sensor three 16 is lower than the set temperature (for example, 85 ℃), closing the gate valve six 11, the gate valve seven 12, the hot water circulating pump two 10 and the hot water circulating pump three 13, opening the air source heat pump 27 to extract heat from the air, opening the gate valve eight 18, the gate valve nine 19, the gate valve ten 22, the gate valve eleven 23, the gate valve twelve 29, the gate valve thirteen 30, the hot water circulating pump four 20, the hot water circulating pump five 24, the hot water circulating pump six 26 and the heating circulating pump 28, storing the heat in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank 25, exchanging heat through the third heat exchanger 21, and then conveying the heat to the user heating system 31.
Claims (9)
1. A centralized solar heating system connected with distributed short-term heat storage in parallel is characterized by comprising a short-term centralized heat storage solar heat source station, a transmission and distribution pipeline, a distributed heat storage heat exchange station and a user heating system (31);
the distributed heat storage heat exchange stations are provided with a plurality of groups, the solar heat source station is connected with the distributed heat exchange stations through a long-distance transmission and distribution pipeline, and the concentrated heat storage water tank is connected with the short-term distributed heat storage water tank in a parallel connection mode.
2. A concentrated and distributed short-term thermal storage parallel solar heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar heat source station comprises a concentrated solar heat collection system (1) and a concentrated short-term thermal storage water tank (3), the concentrated short-term thermal storage water tank (3) has thermal stratification, the water temperature at the upper part is relatively high and the water temperature at the lower part is relatively low, a temperature sensor and two pipelines are respectively arranged at the high-temperature water and low-temperature water of the concentrated short-term thermal storage water tank (3), and the two pipelines are respectively connected with the first heat exchanger (2) and the second heat exchanger (4) and are respectively used for storing the heat generated by the concentrated solar heat collection system in the heating season and conveying the stored heat to each thermal user in the heating season;
the distributed heat storage heat exchange stations are arranged in parallel, the solar heat source station is connected with each distributed heat storage heat exchange station and a user heating system (31) which are connected in parallel through a transmission and distribution pipeline, a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (14) is arranged on a heating water supply pipe of the transmission and distribution pipeline, and a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (15) is arranged on a heating water return pipe.
3. The centralized short-term thermal storage and distributed short-term thermal storage parallel solar heating system according to claim 1, wherein a gate valve six (11) and a temperature sensor three (16) are provided on a transmission and distribution pipeline of the heating water supply pipe, and a gate valve seven (12) and a temperature sensor four (17) are provided on a transmission and distribution pipeline of the heating water return pipe.
4. The centralized solar heating system connected with the distributed short-term heat storage in parallel according to claim 1, wherein the heat source side of the first heat exchanger (2) is connected with a solar heat collector array (1-1) in the centralized solar heat collection system (1) through a supply pipe and a return pipe of a heat collection circulation loop, the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger (2) is connected with the centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3) through a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (2-1) and a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (2-2), the second gate valve (5) is connected in series with the first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (2-1), and the third gate valve (6) and the first hot water circulation pump (7) are connected in series with the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (2-2).
5. A centralized solar heating system connected with distributed short-term heat storage in parallel according to claim 1, wherein high-temperature antifreeze solution flows through the first heat exchanger (2), after heat exchange of the high-temperature antifreeze solution by the first heat exchanger (2), the antifreeze solution in the pipeline changes from high temperature to low temperature, the antifreeze solution is pressurized by the heat collection circulating pump (1-4) to flow into the heat collector array (1-1), the first circulating pipeline hot water heated by the first heat exchanger (2) flows into the centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3) through the gate valve (5), the heat collected by the centralized solar heat collection system (1) is stored in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3) during heating season, the high-temperature water in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3) during heating season changes into low-temperature water through the heat exchange (4) of the second heat exchanger, and the low-temperature water after heat exchange is pressurized by the hot water circulating pump (10) to return to the centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3), the above steps are repeated and circulated;
the hot water heated by the second heat exchanger (4) is sent to each user heating system (31) through a transmission and distribution pipeline under the pressurization of a hot water circulating pump (13).
6. A concentrated solar heating system connected with distributed short-term heat accumulation in parallel according to claim 1, characterized in that the distributed heat accumulation heat exchange station comprises a distributed short-term heat accumulation water tank (25), a heating water supply port of the distributed short-term heat accumulation water tank (25) is arranged at the middle upper part, a heating water return port is arranged at the middle lower part, a water replenishing port is arranged at the lower part, the temperature in the distributed short-term heat accumulation water tank (25) is uniform, a heat insulating layer and a waterproof layer are arranged on the side wall and the bottom part, the distributed short-term heat accumulation water tank (25) is provided with a safety valve (25-1) and a temperature sensor (25-2) for monitoring the temperature of the water in the water tank in real time, and the distributed short-term heat accumulation water tank (25) is connected with a user heating system (31) through a heating water supply pipe (31-4) and a heating water return pipe (31-5).
7. A centralized solar heating system connected with distributed short-term heat storage in parallel as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25) stores the heat extracted by the air source heat pump (27) in the distributed heat storage heat exchange station, the gate valve ten (22) is connected in series to the hot water outflow pipe between the distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25) and the third heat exchanger (21), the gate valve eleven (23) is connected in series to the cold water inflow pipe between the distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25) and the third heat exchanger (21), the hot water circulating pump five (24) is connected in series to the cold water inflow pipe between the distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25) and the third heat exchanger (21), and the hot water circulating pump six (26) is connected in series to the cold water outflow pipe between the distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25) and the air source heat pump (27).
8. A concentrated parallel short term thermal storage and distributed solar heating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that hot water coming from the user heating system (31) is pressurized by a heating circulating pump (28) and then flows into the water separator (31-2) through a heating water supply pipe (31-4), high-temperature hot water in the water separator (31-2) is changed into low-temperature cold water after releasing heat at the heat dissipation end of a user, the low-temperature cold water returns to the water collector (31-3) and flows to a corresponding heat exchanger through a heating water return pipe (31-5) for heating, and the circulation is repeated, therefore, the requirement of heating of a hot user area is met, the gate valve twelve (29) is connected in series to a heating water supply pipe between the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (14) and the user heating system (31), and the gate valve thirteen (30) is connected in series to a heating water return pipe between the second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (15) and the user heating system (31).
9. A method of controlling a centralized solar heating system in parallel with distributed short term thermal storage according to any of claims 1-8, comprising; in a solar heating system with centralized short-term heat storage and distributed short-term heat storage connected in parallel, a centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3) in a solar heat source station and a distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25) in a distributed heat storage heat exchange station are connected in parallel to form two-stage heat sources, and can respectively supply heat to heat users;
the system control method includes the following steps;
when a user needs heating in a heating season, a solar collector array (1-1) in the concentrated solar heat collecting system (1) receives solar radiation, and when the irradiance exceeds a set value and the temperature of a temperature sensor (1-2) is lower than a set temperature, the antifreeze is preheated, so that the temperature of the antifreeze in a circulating loop is balanced; when the irradiance exceeds a set value and the temperature of the temperature sensor (1-2) is higher than the set temperature, heat is exchanged outwards through the first heat exchanger (2);
the temperature of the temperature sensor (1-2) is higher than that of a hot water temperature sensor (3-1) at the low-temperature water position of the centralized short-term heat storage water tank and is added by 10 ℃, high-temperature antifreeze passes through the first heat exchanger (2), after heat exchange is carried out by the first heat exchanger (2), the antifreeze in the pipeline is changed from high temperature to low temperature, and the antifreeze is pressurized by the heat collection circulating pump (1-4) and flows into the heat collector array (1-1) to prepare for the next round of circulation;
hot water in a first circulation pipeline heated by a first heat exchanger (2) flows into a centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3) through a gate valve (5), heat collected by a centralized solar heat collection system (1) is stored in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3) in the heating season, high-temperature water in the centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3) is changed into low-temperature water through heat exchange (4) of a second heat exchanger when the heating season requires heating, and the low-temperature water after heat exchange is pressurized by a hot water circulating pump (10) and returns to the centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3), so that the circulation is repeated;
the hot water heated by the second heat exchanger (4) is pressurized by a hot water circulating pump (13) and then is sent to each user heating system (31) through a transmission and distribution pipeline;
if the solar heat collection field can not collect heat at night or in rainy days and the like, the heat provided by the centralized short-term heat storage water tank (3) can not meet the heating requirement of a heat user, namely when the temperature of the temperature sensor III (16) is lower than the set temperature, the centralized short-term heat storage system is closed, the distributed short-term heat storage system is opened, the air source heat pump (27) is opened to heat circulating water in the parallel distributed short-term heat storage system, heated hot water enters the distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25), high-temperature water is changed into low-temperature water through heat exchange of the third heat exchanger (21), and low-temperature water after heat exchange is pressurized back to the distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25) through the hot water circulating pump V (24), so that the circulation is repeated; the hot water and hot water heated by the third heat exchanger (21) is pressurized by a fourth hot water and hot water circulating pump (20) and then is conveyed to a user heating system (31);
when a heat user has a heating demand, hot water flowing from a user heating system (31) is pressurized by a heating circulating pump (28) and then flows into a water separator (31-2) through a heating water supply pipe (31-4), high-temperature hot water in the water separator (31-2) is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat release at the heat dissipation end of the user, the low-temperature cold water returns to a water collector (31-3) and flows to a corresponding heat exchanger for heating through a heating water return pipe (31-5), and the circulation is repeated, so that the heating demand of a heat user area is met;
the system comprises a first temperature sensor (1-2), a second temperature sensor (3-1), a third temperature sensor (16), a fourth temperature sensor (17) and a fifth temperature sensor (25-2), wherein the temperature of antifreeze at the outlet of the concentrated solar heat collection system (1), the temperature of low-temperature water in the concentrated short-term heat storage water tank (3), the temperature of water at the inlet and the outlet of a second heat exchanger (4) and the temperature of water in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25) are monitored in real time by the first temperature sensor (1-2), the second temperature sensor (3-1), the third temperature sensor (16), the fourth temperature sensor (17) and the fifth temperature sensor (25-2), and temperature signals are transmitted to a system controller;
when a user needs heating in a heating season, the solar heat collector array (1-1) receives solar radiation, when the irradiance exceeds a set value, a first gate valve (1-4) and a heat collection circulating pump (1-6) are opened, and an inlet a and an outlet b of a three-way valve (1-3) are used; the irradiance exceeds a set value, the difference between the temperature of the first temperature sensor (1-2) and the temperature of the low-temperature water of the centralized short-term heat storage water tank is greater than 10 ℃, a second gate valve (5) and a third gate valve (6) are opened, a first hot water circulating pump (7) is closed, the first gate valve (1-4) is closed, an inlet a and an outlet c of a three-way valve (1-3) are used until the difference between the temperature of the first temperature sensor (1-2) and the temperature of the low-temperature water of the centralized short-term heat storage water tank is reduced to 2 ℃, the second gate valve (5), the third gate valve (6) and the first hot water circulating pump (7) are closed, the first gate valve (1-4) is opened, and the inlet a and the outlet b of the three-way valve (1-3) are used;
when the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor (16) and the fourth temperature sensor (17) is less than the set value minus 5 ℃, the opening degree of the sixth gate valve (11) is reduced, the flow of circulating hot water in the transmission and distribution pipeline is reduced, and when the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor (16) and the fourth temperature sensor (17) is higher than the set value plus 5 ℃, the sixth gate valve (11) is normally opened;
when the hot water temperature in the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (14) can not meet the heating requirement of a heat user, namely the temperature of the temperature sensor III (16) is lower than the set temperature, the gate valve six (11), the gate valve seven (12), the hot water circulating pump II (10) and the hot water circulating pump III (13) are closed, the air source heat pump (27) is started to extract heat from the air, the gate valve eight (18), the gate valve nine (19), the gate valve ten (22), the gate valve eleven (23), the gate valve twelve (29), the gate valve thirteen (30), the hot water circulating pump four (20), the hot water circulating pump five (24), the hot water circulating pump six (26) and the heating circulating pump (28) are opened, the heat is stored in the distributed short-term heat storage water tank (25) and is transferred to the user heating system (31) through the third heat exchanger (21).
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