CN110986138B - Distributed solar heating system and method - Google Patents

Distributed solar heating system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110986138B
CN110986138B CN201911350725.2A CN201911350725A CN110986138B CN 110986138 B CN110986138 B CN 110986138B CN 201911350725 A CN201911350725 A CN 201911350725A CN 110986138 B CN110986138 B CN 110986138B
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heat
water
pipe
heat exchange
hot water
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CN110986138A (en
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刘艳峰
唐欢龙
王登甲
张亚亚
陈耀文
李勇
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/005—Hot-water central heating systems combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1042—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
    • F24D3/1058—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system disposition of pipes and pipe connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/14—Solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed solar heating system which comprises a plurality of single-family solar heating systems, a centralized heating station and a heating pipe network. The centralized heating power station is connected with a heating pipe network, the heating pipe network is connected with a heat collection circulating pipeline through a second heat exchanger, the heating pipe network is further connected with a user heat storage water tank through a third heat exchanger, and the heating pipe network is further connected with a heating part through a fourth heat exchanger. The invention can realize that the solar heating system of the user transmits heat to the heating pipe network by utilizing the control valve, and also can realize that the heating pipe network supplements heat to the heat storage water tank of the user and provides heat for the user. The invention meets the heat demand of each user through the coordination of the heat supply pipe network, reduces the load of a concentrated heat source, achieves the aim of energy saving and improves the heat supply stability; meanwhile, the problem that the centralized solar heating system cannot be applied due to space limitation in urban areas is solved, and popularization and application of the solar heating system are promoted.

Description

Distributed solar heating system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar heat supply, and particularly relates to a distributed solar heat supply system and method.
Background
With global warming and the increasing tension of global energy situation, solar energy is gaining favor from countries in the world as an outstanding new energy source. Solar energy has the advantages of cleanness, safety, environmental protection, inexhaustibility and the like, and solar energy mainly based on a photo-thermal technology is applied to various industries and is continuously developed. In the field of heat supply, solar energy is utilized to supply heat to buildings, so that very good energy-saving and environmental benefits can be obtained, and the solar energy is always paid attention to all countries in the world for a long time.
Solar heating is a technology for collecting solar radiation and converting the solar radiation into heat energy for heating by using a solar heat collector. Solar heating systems usually collect solar radiation from a solar collector and convert the solar radiation into heat energy to be stored in hot water, and the hot water is delivered to a heat dissipation terminal or a heat utilization device to meet the requirements of heating and domestic hot water of buildings. The solar heating system utilizes solar energy as energy, thereby not only saving fossil energy, but also meeting the requirement of environmental protection; however, due to large fluctuation of solar energy resources and low energy flow density, the household solar heating system has low guarantee rate and poor thermal stability, and in order to solve the problem, the household solar heating system is designed according to the most unfavorable condition, so that the guarantee rate is improved in a limited manner by using the maximum initial investment, and the economical efficiency is poor.
Although the concentrated solar heating system solves the problem of poor economical efficiency of household solar heating systems, the concentrated solar heating system is densely built in most cities and towns in China, the land resources are precious, the requirement of a large-area heat collector installation site required for building the concentrated solar heating system is difficult to meet, and the concentrated solar heating system is difficult to popularize and apply in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the application of the existing solar heating system, the invention aims to provide a distributed solar heating system and a distributed solar heating method, which utilize a plurality of scattered monomer building roofs to collect solar energy respectively and then collect the solar energy into a centralized heating pipe network, save a large number of heat collector installation sites, collect the solar energy with considerable total amount, well solve the problem that the urban area is limited by space and cannot apply the centralized solar heating system, and promote the popularization and application of the centralized solar heating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a distributed solar heating system comprises a centralized heating power station 1 and n distributed user solar heating systems 4, wherein the centralized heating power station 1 is connected with a heating pipe network water supply pipe 2 and a heating pipe network water return pipe 3, and is characterized in that the heating pipe network water supply pipe 2 and the heating pipe network water return pipe 3 are connected with heat collection circulation pipelines of the user solar heating systems 4 through a second heat exchanger 9; is connected with the user heat storage water tank 12 of each user solar heating system 4 through a third heat exchanger 26; is connected with the heating part 19 of each user solar heating system 4 through a fourth heat exchanger 31; according to the water temperature in the user heat storage water tank 12, the user solar heat supply system 4 is controlled to convey heat to the heat supply pipe network through the second heat exchanger 9, and/or the heat supply pipe network supplements heat to the user heat storage water tank 12 through the third heat exchanger 26, and/or the heat supply pipe network provides heat for the user through the fourth heat exchanger 31.
The highest design value, the lowest design value and the design average value of the water temperature in the user heat storage water tank 12 are set, and when the water temperature is lower than the lowest design value, the heat supply pipe network not only supplements heat for the user heat storage water tank 12, but also provides heat for users; when the water temperature is higher than the design average value and lower than the highest design value, the heat supply pipe network stops supplying heat to the user heat storage water tank 12, and the user heat storage water tank 12 supplies heat to the user; when the water temperature is higher than the highest design value, the heat collected by the user solar heating system 4 is not stored in the user heat storage water tank 12 and is conveyed to a heating pipe network through the second heat exchanger 9; when the water temperature is lower than the design average value and higher than the minimum design value, the heat collected by the user solar heating system 4 is stored in the user heat storage water tank 12 again, and the heat is not conveyed to the heating pipe network any more.
The heat collection circulation pipeline of the user solar heat supply system 4 comprises a solar heat collector 5, a water outlet of the solar heat collector 5 is connected with a heat source side water inlet end of a first heat exchanger 7, a heat source side water outlet end of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected with a water inlet of the solar heat collector 5, a connecting pipeline is connected with a heat source side of a second heat exchanger 9 in parallel, and a heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger 9 is connected with a heat supply pipe network water supply pipe 2 and a heat supply pipe network water return pipe 3; the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected with a user heat storage water tank 12; a water tank heat exchange coil 15 is arranged in the user heat storage water tank 12, the water tank heat exchange coil 15 is connected with a domestic hot water part 16, the user heat storage water tank 12 is connected with a heat exchange side of a third heat exchanger 26, and the heat source side of the third heat exchanger 26 is connected with a heat supply pipe network water supply pipe 2 and a heat supply pipe network water return pipe 3; the heating part 19 is connected with the user heat storage water tank 12 and the heat exchange side of the fourth heat exchanger 31, and the heat source side of the fourth heat exchanger 31 is connected with the heat supply network water supply pipe 2 and the heat supply network water return pipe 3.
The water outlet of the solar heat collector 5 is connected with the port b of the first electric three-way valve 6 through a hot water outlet pipe ab501, the port d of the first electric three-way valve 6 is connected with the heat source side water inlet end of the first heat exchanger 7 through a heat collection circulating pipeline section de502, the heat source side water outlet end of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected with a heat collection circulating pipeline section gh505 through a heat collection circulating pipeline section fg503, the port c of the first electric three-way valve 6 is connected with a bypass pipe cg504, and the bypass pipe cg504, the heat collection circulating pipeline section fg503 and the heat collection circulating pipeline section gh505 are intersected at a point g; a heat collection circulating pipeline section gh505 is connected with an h port of a second electric three-way valve 8, an i port of the second electric three-way valve 8 is connected with a heat source side water inlet end of a second heat exchanger 9 through a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507, a heat source side water outlet end of the second heat exchanger 9 is connected with a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 508, a j port of the second electric three-way valve 8 is connected with a heat collection circulating pipeline section jk506, the second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 508 and the heat collection circulating pipeline section jk506 are intersected at a point k and are connected with a water inlet of the solar heat collector 5 through a cold water inlet pipe kl509, a heat collection circulating pump 11 is connected onto the cold water inlet pipe kl509 in series, and a constant pressure expansion tank 10 is connected with the cold water inlet pipe kl509 through a connecting pipe 510; the water outlet end of the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger 9 is connected with a water supply pipe 2 of the heat supply pipe network through a third heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 902 connected with a second gate valve 25 in series, and the water inlet end of the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger 9 is connected with a water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network through a third heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 901 connected with a second heat exchange circulating pump 24 and a first gate valve 23 in series.
The water outlet end at the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected with the user heat storage water tank 12 through a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 702, and the water inlet end at the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected with the user heat storage water tank 12 through a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 701 connected with a first heat exchange circulating pump 13 in series; a temperature sensor T36 is arranged in the user heat storage water tank 12; the water tank heat exchange coil 15 is connected with the domestic hot water part 16 through a tap water inlet pipe 162 and a domestic hot water outlet pipe 161; the user heat storage water tank 12 is connected with a heat exchange side water inlet end of the third heat exchanger 26 through a fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 263 connected with a gate valve fifth 29 and a heat exchange circulating pump third 30 in series, and is connected with a heat exchange side water outlet end of the third heat exchanger 26 through a fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 264, a heat source side water outlet end of the third heat exchanger 26 is connected with the heat supply pipe network water return pipe 3 through a fourth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 262 connected with a gate valve fourth 28 in series, and a heat source side water inlet end of the third heat exchanger 26 is connected with the heat supply pipe network water supply pipe 2 through a fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 261 connected with a gate valve third 27 in series.
A water tank heating water outlet pipe 121 of the user heat storage water tank 12 is connected with a first port of a third electric three-way valve 34, a second port of the third electric three-way valve 34 is connected with a water inlet end of a heating part 19 through a heating water supply pipe 191, a water tank heating water inlet pipe 122 of the user heat storage water tank 12 is connected with a first port of a fourth electric three-way valve 35, a second port of the fourth electric three-way valve 35 is connected with a water outlet end of the heating part 19 through a heating water return pipe 192, a third port of the fourth electric three-way valve 35 is connected with a heat exchange side water inlet end of a fourth heat exchanger 31 through a seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 313, a third port of the third electric three-way valve 34 is connected with a heat exchange side water outlet end of the fourth heat exchanger 31 through a seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314, a heat source side water outlet end of the fourth heat exchanger 31 is connected with a heat supply pipe network water return pipe 3 through a sixth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 312 in series with a gate valve seven 33, and a heat source side water inlet end of the fourth heat exchanger 31 is connected with a heat supply pipe network hot water supply pipe 311 in series with a gate valve six 32.
The temperature sensor T36 and each valve, pump all pass through line connection to system controller, the temperature is even in the user's hot water storage tank 12, and the temperature sets up highest design value, minimum design value, design average value, temperature sensor T36 real-time supervision user's hot water storage tank 12 normal water temperature to with this signal transmission to system controller, system controller sends the signal to each valve, pump, controls the on-off state of each gate valve, the circulation direction of each electronic three-way valve and the state of opening and shutting of each heat transfer circulating pump.
The invention also provides a heat supply method based on the distributed solar heat supply system, which comprises the following steps:
when the heat supply pipe network supplies heat to the user heat storage water tank 12:
the heat source side operation of the third heat exchanger 26 is as follows: high-temperature hot water in the water supply pipe 2 of the heat supply pipe network flows into the heat source side of the third heat exchanger 26 through the fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 261, the high-temperature hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, and the low-temperature cold water flows into the water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network through the fourth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 262;
the heat exchange side of the third heat exchanger 26 operates as follows: the low-temperature cold water in the user hot water storage tank 12 enters the fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 263, is pressurized by the heat exchange circulating pump three 30 and then enters the heat exchange side of the third heat exchanger 26, is changed into high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water flows through the fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 264 and then enters the user hot water storage tank 12, so that heat is supplemented to the user hot water storage tank 12;
when the heat supply pipe network provides heat for users:
the heat source side operation of the fourth heat exchanger 31 is as follows: high-temperature hot water in the water supply pipe 2 of the heat supply pipe network flows into the heat source side of the fourth heat exchanger 31 through the sixth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 311, the high-temperature hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, and the low-temperature cold water flows into the water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network through the sixth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 312;
the heat exchange side of the fourth heat exchanger 31 works as follows: the low-temperature cold water from the water collecting and distributing device 20 flows into the electric three-way valve four 35 through the heating water return pipe 192, the switching valve circuit enables the heating water return pipe 192 to be communicated with the seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 313, the low-temperature cold water flows into the seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 313 through the electric three-way valve four 35 after being pressurized by the heating circulating pump 21 and then flows into the heat exchange side of the fourth heat exchanger 31 to be changed into high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, the high-temperature hot water flows into the electric three-way valve three 34 through the seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314, the switching valve circuit enables the seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314 to be connected with the heating water supply pipe 191, the high-temperature hot water flows into the water collecting and distributing device 20 through the seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314 and the heating water supply pipe;
when the heat collected by the solar heat collector 5 is transmitted to the heat supply pipe network through the second heat exchanger 9:
the heat source side operation of the second heat exchanger 9 is as follows: after receiving solar radiation, the solar thermal collector 5 heats low-temperature cold water from a cold water inlet pipe kl509 of a heat collection circulating pipeline, at the moment, the water is changed into high-temperature hot water from the low-temperature cold water, the high-temperature hot water flows into a first electric three-way valve 6 through a hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, a switching valve circuit enables the hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulating pipeline to be communicated with a bypass pipe cg504, the high-temperature hot water flows into the bypass pipe cg504 and a heat collection circulating pipeline section gh505 through the first electric three-way valve 6, then flows into a second electric three-way valve 8, the switching valve circuit enables the heat collection circulating pipeline section 505 to be communicated with a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507, the high-temperature hot water flows into the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507 through the second electric three-way valve 8, then flows into a second heat exchanger 9 at the heat source side, the low-temperature cold water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange through a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 508 and the cold water inlet pipe kl509 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, pressurizing by a heat collection circulating pump 11, and then entering the solar heat collector 5 again, and repeatedly circulating in the way;
the working process of the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger 9 is as follows: the low temperature cold water in the heat supply pipe network return water pipe 3 flows into the third heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 901, enters the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger 9 after being pressurized by the second heat exchange circulating pump 24, becomes high temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high temperature hot water flows into the heat supply pipe network water supply pipe 2 through the third heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 902, so that heat is conveyed into the heat supply pipe network.
When the user solar heat supply system 4 starts to operate, the switching valve path enables the heat collection circulation pipeline hot water outlet pipe ab501 to be communicated with the heat collection circulation pipeline section de502, the heat collection circulation pipeline section gh505 to be communicated with the heat collection circulation pipeline section jk506, the water tank heating outlet pipe 121 to be communicated with the heating water supply pipe 191, and the water tank heating inlet pipe 122 to be communicated with the heating water return pipe 192, so that the heat collected by the solar heat collector 5 is firstly stored in the user heat storage water tank 12, and the heat required by the user is firstly provided by the user heat storage water tank 12, so that the domestic hot water and the heating requirement of the user are met;
after receiving solar radiation, the solar thermal collector 5 heats low-temperature cold water from a cold water inlet pipe kl509 of a heat collection circulating pipeline, at the moment, the water is changed into high-temperature hot water from the low-temperature cold water, the high-temperature hot water flows into a first electric three-way valve 6 through a hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, a switching valve circuit enables the hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulating pipeline to be communicated with a pipe section de502 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, the high-temperature hot water flows into the pipe section de502 of the heat collection circulating pipeline through the first electric three-way valve 6 and then enters a first heat exchanger 7 at the heat source side to be changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, the low-temperature cold water flows into a second electric three-way valve 8 through a pipe section fg503 of the heat collection circulating pipeline and a pipe section jk506 of the heat collection circulating pipeline and a cold water inlet pipe kl509 of the heat collection circulating pipeline through the second electric three-way valve 8, pressurizing by a heat collection circulating pump 11, and then entering the solar heat collector 5 again, and repeatedly circulating in the way;
the low-temperature cold water in the user hot water storage tank 12 enters the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 701, is pressurized by the first heat exchange circulating pump 13 and then enters the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 7, and becomes high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water flows through the first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 702 and then enters the user hot water storage tank 12, so that heat is stored in the user hot water storage tank 12.
When a user has a demand for domestic hot water, tap water is pressurized by the domestic hot water circulating pump 18 through the tap water inlet pipe 162 and then flows into the water tank heat exchange coil 15, sufficient heat exchange is performed in the water tank heat exchange coil 15, the high-temperature hot water is changed into high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water is conveyed into the domestic hot water equipment 17 through the domestic hot water outlet pipe 161, so that the demand for domestic hot water of the user is met;
when a user has a heating demand, high-temperature hot water in the user heat storage water tank 12 flows into the third electric three-way valve 34 through the water tank heating water outlet pipe 121, the switching valve enables the water tank heating water outlet pipe 121 to be communicated with the heating water supply pipe 191, the high-temperature hot water flows into the heating water supply pipe 191 through the third electric three-way valve 34 and then flows into the water sub-collector 20, the high-temperature hot water in the water sub-collector 20 is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat release at the heat dissipation end of the user, the low-temperature cold water flows into the fourth electric three-way valve 35 through the heating water return pipe 192, the switching valve enables the heating water return pipe 192 to be communicated with the water tank heating water inlet pipe 122, the low-temperature cold water flows into the water tank heating water inlet pipe 122 through the fourth electric three-way valve 35 and then flows into the user heat storage water tank 12 after being pressurized by the heating circulating pump 21, and the circulation is repeated, and the heating demand of the user is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the distributed solar heating system provided by the invention can effectively utilize surplus heat of solar heating systems of different users, the solar heat collector is selectively connected with the heat source sides of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger through the heat collection circulating pipeline and the control valve, the heat collected by the solar heat collector is stored in the user heat storage water tank or is conveyed to a heating pipe network, meanwhile, the heating pipe network is connected with the user heat storage water tank through the fourth heat exchange pipeline, the fifth heat exchange pipeline and the control valve, the heating pipe network can supplement heat to the user heat storage water tank, the heating pipe network is also connected with a heating part through the sixth heat exchange pipeline, the seventh heat exchange pipeline and the control valve, and the heating pipe network can provide heat for each user. According to the invention, the heat utilization of each user is coordinated through the heat supply pipe network by utilizing the asynchronous rule of heat production and heat utilization of each user, so that the mutual coordination of heat supply, heat storage and heat release of each user solar system is realized, the load of a centralized heat source is reduced, the purpose of energy saving is achieved, and the heat supply stability is improved; meanwhile, the problem that the centralized solar heating system cannot be applied due to space limitation in urban areas is solved, and the popularization and application of the solar heating system are greatly promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a distributed solar heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-family solar heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a part of domestic hot water provided by the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a heating part according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a control process of a single-family solar heating system according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-centralized heating power station; 2-water supply pipe of heat supply pipe network; 3-a water return pipe of the heat supply pipe network; 4-a user solar heating system; 5-a solar heat collector; 6, a first electric three-way valve; 7-a first heat exchanger; 8-an electric three-way valve II; 9-a second heat exchanger; 10-constant pressure expansion tank; 11-heat collection circulating pump; 12-a user heat storage water tank; 13-heat exchange circulating pump I; 14-a safety valve; 15-water tank heat exchange coil; 16-domestic hot water section; 17-domestic hot water equipment; 18-domestic hot water circulating pump; 19-a heating part; 20-water dividing and collecting device; 21-a heating circulating pump; a 22-Y type filter; 23-a first gate valve; 24-heat exchange circulating pump II; 25-a gate valve II; 26-a third heat exchanger; 27-gate valve III; 28-gate valve four; 29-gate valve five; 30-heat exchange circulating pump III; 31-a fourth heat exchanger; 32-gate valve six; 33-gate valve seven; 34-an electric three-way valve III; 35-electric three-way valve four; 36-temperature sensor T; 501-a hot water outlet pipe ab of a heat collection circulating pipeline; 502-heat collecting circulation pipeline section de; 503-heat collecting circulation pipeline segment fg; 504-bypass pipe cg; 505-a heat collecting circulation pipeline segment gh; 506-heat collecting circulation pipeline section jk; 507-a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe; 508-a second heat exchange line cold water pipe; 509-a cold water inlet pipe kl of a heat collection circulating pipeline; 510-a connecting tube; 701-a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe; 702-a first heat exchange line hot water pipe; 161-domestic hot water outlet pipe; 162-a tap water inlet pipe; 121-water tank heating water outlet pipe; 122-water tank heating water inlet pipe; 191-a heating water supply pipe; 192-heating water return pipe; 901-a third heat exchange line cold water pipe; 902-third heat exchange line hot water pipe; 261-a fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe; 262-fourth heat exchange line cold water pipe; 263-fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe; 264-fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe; 311-sixth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe; 312-sixth heat exchange line, cold water pipe; 313-a seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe; 314-seventh heat exchange line hot water pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be further explained with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the distributed solar heating system provided in this embodiment includes: the system comprises a centralized heating power station 1, a heat supply pipe network water supply pipe 2, a heat supply pipe network water return pipe 3, a user solar heat supply system 4, a second heat exchanger 9, a first gate valve 23, a second heat exchange circulating pump 24, a second gate valve 25, a third heat exchanger 26, a third gate valve 27, a fourth gate valve 28, a fourth heat exchanger 31, a sixth gate valve 32, a seventh gate valve 33, a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507, a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 508, a third heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 902, a third heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 901, a fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 261, a fourth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 262, a fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 263, a fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 264, a sixth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 311, a sixth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 312, a seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 313 and a seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314;
the centralized heating power station 1 is connected with a heat supply pipe network water supply pipe 2 and a heat supply pipe network water return pipe 3;
the water supply pipe 2 and the water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network are connected with the heat collection circulating pipeline through a second heat exchanger 9;
the water supply pipe 2 and the water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network are also connected with the user heat storage water tank 12 through a third heat exchanger 26;
the water supply pipe 2 and the water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network are also connected with the heating part 19 through a fourth heat exchanger 31.
As shown in fig. 2, the user solar heating system 4 includes: the system comprises a solar heat collector 5, a first electric three-way valve 6, a first heat exchanger 7, a second electric three-way valve 8, a second heat exchanger 9, a constant-pressure expansion tank 10, a heat collection circulating pump 11, a user heat storage water tank 12, a first heat exchange circulating pump 13, a safety valve 14, a water tank heat exchange coil 15, a domestic hot water part 16, a gate valve 23, a second heat exchange circulating pump 24, a gate valve 25, a third heat exchanger 26, a gate valve 27, a gate valve 28, a gate valve five 29, a third heat exchange circulating pump 30, a fourth heat exchanger 31, a gate valve six 32, a gate valve seven 33, an electric three-way valve 34, an electric three-way valve four 35, a temperature sensor T36, a system controller, a heat collection circulating pipeline hot water outlet pipe ab501, a heat collection circulating pipeline section de502, a heat collection circulating pipeline section fg503, a bypass pipe cg504, a heat collection circulating pipeline section gh505, a heat collection circulating pipeline section jk506, a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507, a second pipeline cold water pipe 508, A heat collection circulation pipeline cold water inlet pipe kl509, a connecting pipe 510, a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 701, a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 702, a domestic hot water outlet pipe 161, a tap water inlet pipe 162, a water tank heating outlet pipe 121, a water tank heating inlet pipe 122, a heating water supply pipe 191, a heating water return pipe 192, a third heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 902, a third heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 901, a fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 261, a fourth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 262, a fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 263, a fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 264, a sixth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 311, a sixth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 312, a seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 313 and a seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314;
the water inlet of the solar heat collector 5 is connected with a cold water inlet pipe kl509 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, and the water outlet of the heat collector is connected with a hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulating pipeline;
the heat collection circulation pipeline hot water outlet pipe ab501 is provided with an electric three-way valve I6, and the heat collection circulation pipeline hot water outlet pipe ab501 is connected with a heat collection circulation pipeline section de502 and a bypass pipe cg504 through the electric three-way valve I6; the bypass pipe cg504 is connected in parallel with the heat collection circulating pipeline section de502, the first heat exchanger 7 and the heat collection circulating pipeline section fg 503; the bypass pipe cg504 and the heat collection circulating pipeline fg503 are intersected at a point g;
an electric three-way valve II 8 is arranged on the heat collection circulating pipeline section gh505, and the heat collection circulating pipeline section gh505 is connected with the heat collection circulating pipeline section jk506 and the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507 through the electric three-way valve II 8; the heat collection circulating pipeline segment jk506 is connected with a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507, a second heat exchanger 9 and a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 508 in parallel; the heat collection circulation pipeline segment jk506 and the second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 508 intersect at a point k;
the heat collection circulating pump 11 is connected in series with the heat collection circulating pipeline cold water inlet pipe kl509, and the constant pressure expansion tank 10 is connected with the heat collection circulating pipeline cold water inlet pipe kl509 through a connecting pipe 510;
the first electric three-way valve 6 and the second electric three-way valve 8 are connected to the system controller through lines.
The heat source side of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected with the solar heat collector 5 through a heat collecting circulation pipeline; the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 7 is connected with the user heat storage water tank 12 through a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 702 and a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 701; the first heat exchange circulating pump 13 is connected in series to the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 701;
a temperature sensor T36 is arranged in the user heat storage water tank 12; a water tank heat exchange coil 15 is also arranged in the user heat storage water tank 12; the water tank heat exchange coil 15 is connected with the domestic hot water part 16 through a tap water inlet pipe 162 and a domestic hot water outlet pipe 161; the user heat storage water tank 12 is also connected with an electric three-way valve III 34 through a water tank heating water outlet pipe 121 and is connected with an electric three-way valve IV 34 through a water tank heating water inlet pipe 122; the user heat storage water tank 12 is also connected with the heat exchange side of the third heat exchanger 26 through a fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 264 and a fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 263;
the temperature sensor T36, the electric three-way valve III 34 and the electric three-way valve IV 34 are all connected to the system controller through lines.
The heating water supply pipe 191 is provided with an electric three-way valve III 34, and the water tank heating water outlet pipe 121 and the seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314 are connected with the heating water supply pipe 191 through the electric three-way valve III 34; an electric three-way valve four 35 is arranged on the heating water return pipe 192, and the water tank heating water inlet pipe 122 and the seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 313 are connected with the heating water return pipe 192 through the electric three-way valve four 35; the heating water supply pipe 191 and the heating water return pipe 192 are connected to the heating part 19.
One end of the heat source side of the second heat exchanger 9 is connected with the electric three-way valve II 8 through a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507, the other end of the heat source side of the second heat exchanger is connected with the heat collection circulation pipeline through a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 508, and the connection point is k; the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger 9 is respectively connected with a water supply pipe 2 and a water return pipe 3 of a heat supply pipe network through a third heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 902 and a third heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 901; the second heat exchange circulating pump 24 is connected in series to the third heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 901; the first gate valve 23 is connected in series with the cold water pipe 901 of the third heat exchange pipeline; the second gate valve 25 is connected in series to the third heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 902;
the first gate valve 23, the second gate valve 25 and the second heat exchange circulating pump 24 are all connected to the system controller through lines.
The heat source side of the third heat exchanger 26 is respectively connected with the water supply pipe 2 and the water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network through a fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 261 and a fourth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 262; the third gate valve 27 is connected in series to the fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 261; the fourth gate valve 28 is connected in series with the fourth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 262; the heat exchange side of the third heat exchanger 26 is connected with the user heat storage water tank 12 through a fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 264 and a fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 263; a third heat exchange circulating pump 30 is connected in series to the fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 263; a fifth gate valve 29 is connected in series to the fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 263;
and the gate valve III 27, the gate valve IV 28, the gate valve V29 and the heat exchange circulating pump III 30 are all connected to the system controller through lines.
The heat source side of the fourth heat exchanger 31 is connected with the water supply pipe 2 and the water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network through a sixth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 311 and a sixth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 312 respectively; a sixth gate valve 32 is connected in series to the sixth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 311; the seventh gate valve 33 is connected in series to the sixth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 312; the heat exchange side of the fourth heat exchanger 31 is connected with an electric three-way valve III 34 and an electric three-way valve IV 35 through a seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314 and a seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 313 respectively;
and the gate valve six 32 and the gate valve seven 33 are connected to the system controller through lines.
The first heat exchanger 7, the second heat exchanger 9, the third heat exchanger 26 and the fourth heat exchanger 31 are all plate heat exchangers.
The temperature in the user heat storage water tank 12 is uniform, and a heat preservation layer and a waterproof layer are arranged on the side wall and the bottom of the user heat storage water tank 12.
As shown in fig. 3, the domestic hot water section 16 includes: a domestic hot water device 17, a domestic hot water circulating pump 18, a domestic hot water outlet pipe 161 and a tap water inlet pipe 162;
as shown in fig. 4, the heating section 19 includes: a water collector 20, a heating circulation pump 21, a Y-shaped filter 22, a heating water supply pipe 191 and a heating water return pipe 192.
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, when the user solar heat supply system starts to operate, the preset first electric three-way valve 6 is reversed, the second electric three-way valve 8 is reversed, the third electric three-way valve 34 is reversed, and the fourth electric three-way valve 35 is reversed, that is, the hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulation pipeline is communicated with the heat collection circulation pipeline section de502, the gh505 of the heat collection circulation pipeline is communicated with the jk506 of the heat collection circulation pipeline section, the water tank heating outlet pipe 121 is connected with the heating water supply pipe 191, and the water tank heating inlet pipe 122 is connected with the heating water return pipe 192, so as to ensure that the heat collected by the solar heat collector 5 is firstly stored in the user heat storage water tank 12, and the heat required by the user is firstly provided by the user heat storage water tank 12, thereby meeting the requirements of hot water and heating in life of the user.
After receiving solar radiation, the solar thermal collector 5 heats low-temperature cold water from a cold water inlet pipe kl509 of a heat collection circulating pipeline, at the moment, the water is changed from the low-temperature cold water into high-temperature hot water, the high-temperature hot water flows into a first electric three-way valve 6 through a hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, reversing is performed under the preset first electric three-way valve 6, namely the hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulating pipeline is communicated with a pipe section de502 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, the high-temperature hot water flows into a heat source side of a first heat exchanger through the first electric three-way valve 6, the hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, the low-temperature cold water flows into a second electric three-way valve 8 through a pipe section fg503 of the heat collection circulating pipeline and a pipe section gh505 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, reversing is performed under the preset second electric three-way valve 8, namely the pipe section gh505 of the heat collection circulating pipeline is communicated with a pipe section jk506 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, and the low-temperature cold water flows into a pipe section jk506 of the heat collection circulating pipeline through the second electric three-way valve 8, And a cold water inlet pipe kl509 of the heat collection circulating pipeline is pressurized by a heat collection circulating pump 11 and then enters the solar heat collector 5 again, and the circulation is repeated.
The low-temperature cold water in the user heat storage water tank 12 enters the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 701, is pressurized by the first heat exchange circulating pump 13 and then enters the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 7, and is changed into high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water flows through the first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 702 and then enters the user heat storage water tank 12, so that heat is stored in the user heat storage water tank 12;
when a user has a demand for domestic hot water, tap water is pressurized by the domestic hot water circulating pump 18 through the tap water inlet pipe 162 and then flows into the water tank heat exchange coil 15, sufficient heat exchange is performed in the water tank heat exchange coil 15, the high-temperature hot water is changed into high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water is conveyed into the domestic hot water equipment 17 through the domestic hot water outlet pipe 161, so that the demand for domestic hot water of the user is met;
when a user has a heating demand, high-temperature hot water in the user heat storage water tank 12 flows into the electric three-way valve 34 through the water tank heating water outlet pipe 121, the electric three-way valve 34 is preset to be reversed left, that is, the water tank heating water outlet pipe 121 is connected to the heating water supply pipe 191, high-temperature hot water flows into the heating water supply pipe 191 through the third electric three-way valve 34 and then flows into the sub-collector 20, the high-temperature hot water in the sub-collector 20 is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat release at the user's heat radiating end, the low-temperature cold water flows into the fourth electric three-way valve 35 through the heating water return pipe 192, the fourth electric three-way valve 35 is preset to be left-switched, that is, the heating return pipe 192 is connected to the water tank heating inlet pipe 122, pressurized by the heating circulation pump 21, the low-temperature cold water flows into the water tank heating inlet pipe 122 through the electric three-way valve four 35 and then flows into the user heat storage water tank 12, and is circulated repeatedly so as to satisfy the user heating demand.
In the embodiment, the minimum design value of the water temperature of the user heat storage water tank 12 is 35 ℃, the design average value of the water temperature is 45 ℃, and the maximum design value of the water temperature is 55 ℃;
the temperature sensor T36 monitors the temperature of the water in the user heat storage water tank 12 in real time and transmits the signal to the system controller, when the water temperature is lower than 35 ℃, the system controller sends signals to the gate valve III 27, the gate valve IV 28, the gate valve V29, the gate valve VI 32, the gate valve VII 33, the electric three-way valve III 34, the electric three-way valve IV 35 and the heat exchange circulating pump III 30 to enable the heat exchange circulating pump III 30 to be started, the gate valve III 27, the gate valve IV 28, the gate valve V29, the gate valve VI 32 and the gate valve VII 33 are opened, the electric three-way valve III 34 is reversed, the electric three-way valve IV 35 is reversed, a heat supply pipe network supplements heat to the user heat storage water tank 12 and provides heat for the user to meet the requirements of hot water and heating for life of the user, when the temperature sensor T36 detects that the temperature of the water in the user heat storage water tank 12 is higher than 45 ℃, the signal is transmitted to the system controller, and the system controller sends the signal to the gate valve III 27, the gate valve IV, The fourth 28 gate valve, the fifth 29 gate valve, the sixth 32 gate valve, the seventh 33 gate valve, the third 34 electric three-way valve, the fourth 35 electric three-way valve and the third 30 heat exchange circulating pump send signals to stop the third 30 heat exchange circulating pump, close the third 27 gate valve, the fourth 28 gate valve, the fifth 29 gate valve, the sixth 32 gate valve and the seventh 33 gate valve, reverse the left side of the third 34 electric three-way valve and reverse the left side of the fourth 35 electric three-way valve, the heat supply pipe network stops supplying heat to the heat storage water tank 12 of the user, and at the moment, the heat storage water tank 12 of the user supplies heat to the user, so that the domestic hot water and the heating demand of the user are met.
When the heat supply network supplies heat to the user heat storage water tank 12, the heat source side of the third heat exchanger 26 works as follows: high-temperature hot water in the water supply pipe 2 of the heat supply pipe network flows into the heat source side of the third heat exchanger 26 through the fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 261, the high-temperature hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, and the low-temperature cold water flows into the water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network through the fourth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 262;
the heat exchange side of the third heat exchanger 26 operates as follows: the low-temperature cold water in the user hot water storage tank 12 enters the fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 263, is pressurized by the heat exchange circulating pump three 30 and then enters the heat exchange side of the third heat exchanger 26, is changed into high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water flows through the fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 264 and then enters the user hot water storage tank 12, so that heat is supplemented to the user hot water storage tank 12;
when the heat supply pipe network provides heat for users, the heat source side working process of the fourth heat exchanger 31 is as follows: high-temperature hot water in the water supply pipe 2 of the heat supply pipe network flows into the heat source side of the fourth heat exchanger 31 through the sixth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 311, the high-temperature hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, and the low-temperature cold water flows into the water return pipe 3 of the heat supply pipe network through the sixth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 312;
the heat exchange side of the fourth heat exchanger 31 works as follows: the low-temperature cold water from the water sub-collector 20 flows into the electric three-way valve four 35 through the heating water return pipe 192, at this time, the electric three-way valve four 35 is reversed, that is, the heating water return pipe 192 is connected to the seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 313, and after being pressurized by the heating circulation pump 21, the low-temperature cold water flows into a seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 313 through an electric three-way valve four 35, then flows into the heat exchange side of the fourth heat exchanger 31, becomes high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, flows into an electric three-way valve three 34 through a seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314, and is reversed at the moment, that is, the seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314 is connected to the heating water supply pipe 191, the high-temperature hot water flows into the water collecting and distributing device 20 through the seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 314 and the heating water supply pipe 191, and the high-temperature hot water in the water collecting and distributing device 20 releases heat at the end of the heat dissipation of the user, and is circulated repeatedly in this way, so that the heating requirement of the user is met.
The temperature sensor T36 monitors the temperature of the water in the user heat storage water tank 12 in real time and transmits the signal to the system controller, when the water temperature is higher than 55 ℃, the system controller sends signals to the gate valve I23, the gate valve II 25, the electric three-way valve I6, the electric three-way valve II 8 and the heat exchange circulating pump II 24 to open the heat exchange circulating pump II 24, the gate valve I23 and the gate valve II 25 are opened, the electric three-way valve I6 is reversed to the left, the electric three-way valve II 8 is reversed, the heat collected by the solar heat collector 5 is not stored in the user heat storage water tank 12 any more and is transmitted to the heat supply pipe network through the second heat exchanger 9, when the temperature sensor T36 detects that the temperature of the water in the user heat storage water tank 12 is less than 45 ℃, the signal is transmitted to the system controller, and the system controller sends signals to the gate valve I23, the gate valve II 25, the electric three-way valve I6, the electric three-way valve II 8 and the heat exchange circulating pump II 24, and stopping the heat exchange circulating pump II 24, closing the gate valve I23 and the gate valve II 25, reversing the electric three-way valve I6 downwards, reversing the electric three-way valve II 8 leftwards, and storing the heat collected by the solar heat collector 5 in the user heat storage water tank 12 again without conveying the heat to the heat supply pipe network.
When the heat collected by the solar heat collector 5 is transmitted to the heat supply pipe network through the second heat exchanger 9, the working process of the heat source side of the second heat exchanger 9 is as follows: after receiving solar radiation, the solar thermal collector 5 heats low-temperature cold water from a cold water inlet pipe kl509 of a heat collection circulating pipeline, at the moment, the water is changed into high-temperature hot water from the low-temperature cold water, the high-temperature hot water flows into a first electric three-way valve 6 through a hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulating pipeline, at the moment, the first electric three-way valve 6 is reversed to the left, namely, the hot water outlet pipe ab501 of the heat collection circulating pipeline is communicated with a bypass pipe cg504, the high-temperature hot water flows into the bypass pipe cg504 and a heat collection circulating pipeline gh section 505 through the first electric three-way valve 6, then flows into a second electric three-way valve 8, at the moment, the second electric three-way valve 8 is reversed, namely, the heat collection circulating pipeline gh505 is communicated with a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507, the high-temperature hot water flows into the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 507 through the second electric three-way valve 8, then flows into a heat source side of a second heat exchanger 9, the low-temperature cold water is changed into the low-temperature cold water, and the low-temperature cold water flows through a second heat exchange pipeline 508, A cold water inlet pipe kl509 of the heat collection circulating pipeline is pressurized by a heat collection circulating pump 11 and then enters the solar heat collector 5 again, and the circulation is repeated;
the working process of the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger 9 is as follows: the low temperature cold water in the heat supply pipe network return water pipe 3 flows into the third heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 901, enters the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger 9 after being pressurized by the second heat exchange circulating pump 24, becomes high temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high temperature hot water flows into the heat supply pipe network water supply pipe 2 through the third heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 902, so that heat is conveyed into the heat supply pipe network.
The distributed solar heat supply system provided by the invention has various user types, such as residential buildings, office buildings, schools and the like; the total number of the solar heating systems of the users is n.

Claims (9)

1. A distributed solar heating system comprises a centralized heating power station (1) and n distributed user solar heating systems (4), wherein the centralized heating power station (1) is connected with a heating pipe network water supply pipe (2) and a heating pipe network water return pipe (3), and is characterized in that the heating pipe network water supply pipe (2) and the heating pipe network water return pipe (3) are connected with a heat collection circulation pipeline of each user solar heating system (4) through a second heat exchanger (9); the solar heat-storage water tank is connected with a user heat-storage water tank (12) of each user solar heat-supply system (4) through a third heat exchanger (26); is connected with the heating part (19) of each user solar heating system (4) through a fourth heat exchanger (31); according to the water temperature in the user heat storage water tank (12), controlling a user solar heat supply system (4) to convey heat to a heat supply pipe network through a second heat exchanger (9), and/or controlling the heat supply pipe network to supplement heat to the user heat storage water tank (12) through a third heat exchanger (26), and/or controlling the heat supply pipe network to provide heat to users through a fourth heat exchanger (31);
the highest design value, the lowest design value and the design average value of the water temperature in the user heat storage water tank (12) are set, and when the water temperature is lower than the lowest design value, the heat supply pipe network not only supplements heat for the user heat storage water tank (12), but also provides heat for users; when the water temperature is higher than the design average value and lower than the highest design value, the heat supply pipe network stops supplying heat to the user heat storage water tank (12), and the user heat storage water tank (12) supplies heat to the user; when the water temperature is higher than the highest design value, the heat collected by the user solar heat supply system (4) is not stored in the user heat storage water tank (12) any more, and is conveyed to a heat supply pipe network through the second heat exchanger (9); when the water temperature is lower than the design average value and higher than the minimum design value, the heat collected by the user solar heating system (4) is stored in the user heat storage water tank (12) again, and the heat is not conveyed to the heating pipe network any more.
2. The decentralized solar heating system according to claim 1, wherein the heat collection circulation pipeline of the consumer solar heating system (4) comprises a solar collector (5), the water outlet of the solar collector (5) is connected with the heat source side water inlet end of the first heat exchanger (7), the heat source side water outlet end of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected with the water inlet of the solar collector (5) and the connecting pipeline is connected in parallel with the heat source side of the second heat exchanger (9), and the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger (9) is connected with the heat supply pipe network water supply pipe (2) and the heat supply pipe network water return pipe (3); the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected with a user heat storage water tank (12); a water tank heat exchange coil (15) is arranged in the user heat storage water tank (12), the water tank heat exchange coil (15) is connected with a domestic hot water part (16), the user heat storage water tank (12) is connected with the heat exchange side of a third heat exchanger (26), and the heat source side of the third heat exchanger (26) is connected with a heat supply pipe network water supply pipe (2) and a heat supply pipe network water return pipe (3); the heating part (19) is connected with a user heat storage water tank (12) and the heat exchange side of a fourth heat exchanger (31), and the heat source side of the fourth heat exchanger (31) is connected with a heat supply network water supply pipe (2) and a heat supply network water return pipe (3).
3. The decentralized solar heating system according to claim 2, wherein the water outlet of the solar collector (5) is connected to the port b of the first electric three-way valve (6) through a hot water outlet pipe ab (501) of the heat collection circulation pipeline, the port d of the first electric three-way valve (6) is connected to the heat source side water inlet end of the first heat exchanger (7) through a heat collection circulation pipeline section de (502), the heat source side water outlet end of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the heat collection circulation pipeline section fg (505) through a heat collection circulation pipeline section fg (503), the port c of the first electric three-way valve (6) is connected to the bypass pipe cg (504), and the bypass pipe cg (504) intersects the heat collection circulation pipeline section fg (503) and the heat collection circulation pipeline section gh (505) at a point g; a heat collection circulating pipeline pipe section gh (505) is connected with an h port of a second electric three-way valve (8), an i port of the second electric three-way valve (8) is connected with a heat source side water inlet end of a second heat exchanger (9) through a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (507), a heat source side water outlet end of the second heat exchanger (9) is connected with a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (508), a j port of the second electric three-way valve (8) is connected with a heat collection circulating pipeline pipe section jk (506), the second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (508) and the heat collection circulating pipeline pipe section jk (506) are intersected at a point k, and is connected with the water inlet of the solar heat collector (5) through a cold water inlet pipe kl (509) of a heat collecting circulation pipeline, wherein a heat collection circulating pump (11) is connected in series with the heat collection circulating pipeline cold water inlet pipe kl (509), and the constant pressure expansion tank (10) is connected with the heat collection circulating pipeline cold water inlet pipe kl (509) through a connecting pipe (510); the water outlet end of the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger (9) is connected with a water supply pipe (2) of the heat supply pipe network through a third heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (902) connected with a second gate valve (25) in series, and the water inlet end of the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger (9) is connected with a water return pipe (3) of the heat supply pipe network through a third heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (901) connected with a second heat exchange circulating pump (24) and a first gate valve (23) in series.
4. The decentralized solar heating system according to claim 3, wherein the heat exchange side outlet of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the user hot water storage tank (12) through a first heat exchange line hot water pipe (702), and the heat exchange side inlet of the first heat exchanger (7) is connected to the user hot water storage tank (12) through a first heat exchange line cold water pipe (701) connected with a first heat exchange circulation pump (13) in series; a temperature sensor T (36) is arranged in the user heat storage water tank (12); the water tank heat exchange coil (15) is connected with a domestic hot water part (16) through a tap water inlet pipe (162) and a domestic hot water outlet pipe (161); a user heat storage water tank (12) is connected with a heat exchange side water inlet end of a third heat exchanger (26) through a fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (263) connected with a gate valve fifth (29) and a heat exchange circulating pump third (30) in series, and is connected with a heat exchange side water outlet end of the third heat exchanger (26) through a fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (264), a heat source side water outlet end of the third heat exchanger (26) is connected with a heat supply pipe network water return pipe (3) through a fourth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (262) connected with a gate valve fourth (28) in series, and a heat source side water inlet end of the third heat exchanger (26) is connected with a heat supply pipe network water supply pipe (2) through a fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (261) connected with a gate valve third (27) in series.
5. The decentralized solar heating system according to claim 4, wherein the water tank heating outlet pipe (121) of the user hot water storage tank (12) is connected to a first port of the three electric three-way valve (34), a second port of the three electric three-way valve (34) is connected to a water inlet end of the heating section (19) through a heating water supply pipe (191), a water tank heating inlet pipe (122) of the user hot water storage tank (12) is connected to a first port of the four electric three-way valve (35), a second port of the four electric three-way valve (35) is connected to a water outlet end of the heating section (19) through a heating water return pipe (192), a third port of the four electric three-way valve (35) is connected to a heat exchange side water inlet end of the fourth heat exchanger (31) through a seventh heat exchange pipe cold water pipe (313), a third port of the three electric three-way valve (34) is connected to a heat exchange side water outlet end of the fourth heat exchanger (31) through a seventh heat exchange pipe hot water pipe (314), the heat source side water outlet end of the fourth heat exchanger (31) is connected with a heat supply pipe network water return pipe (3) through a sixth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (312) connected with a gate valve seventh (33) in series, and the heat source side water inlet end of the fourth heat exchanger (31) is connected with a heat supply pipe network water supply pipe (2) through a sixth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (311) connected with a gate valve sixth (32) in series.
6. The distributed solar heating system according to claim 5, wherein the temperature sensor T (36) and the valves and pumps are all connected to a system controller through lines, the temperature in the user heat storage water tank (12) is uniform, the water temperature is set to a highest design value, a lowest design value and a design average value, the temperature sensor T (36) monitors the temperature of water in the user heat storage water tank (12) in real time and transmits the signal to the system controller, and the system controller sends signals to the valves and pumps to control the on-off state of the gate valves, the flow direction of the electric three-way valves and the on-off state of the heat exchange circulating pumps.
7. A heating method based on the decentralized solar heating system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that when the heating network supplies heat to the user's hot water storage tank (12):
the heat source side operation of the third heat exchanger (26) is as follows: high-temperature hot water in a water supply pipe (2) of the heat supply pipe network flows into the heat source side of the third heat exchanger (26) through a fourth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (261), the high-temperature hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, and the low-temperature cold water flows into a water return pipe (3) of the heat supply pipe network through a fourth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (262);
the heat exchange side of the third heat exchanger (26) works as follows: low-temperature cold water in the user heat storage water tank (12) enters a fifth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (263), is pressurized by a heat exchange circulating pump III (30) and then enters a heat exchange side of a third heat exchanger (26), and is changed into high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water flows through a fifth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (264) and then enters the user heat storage water tank (12), so that heat is supplemented to the user heat storage water tank (12);
when the heat supply pipe network provides heat for users:
the heat source side working process of the fourth heat exchanger (31) is as follows: high-temperature hot water in a water supply pipe (2) of the heat supply pipe network flows into the heat source side of the fourth heat exchanger (31) through a sixth heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (311), the high-temperature hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, and the low-temperature cold water flows into a water return pipe (3) of the heat supply pipe network through a sixth heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (312);
the working process of the heat exchange side of the fourth heat exchanger (31) is as follows: the low-temperature cold water from the water collecting and distributing device (20) flows into an electric three-way valve four (35) through a heating water return pipe (192), a switching valve circuit enables the heating water return pipe (192) to be communicated with a seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (313), the low-temperature cold water is pressurized by a heating circulating pump (21), flows into the seventh heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (313) through the electric three-way valve four (35), then flows into a heat exchange side of a fourth heat exchanger (31) to become high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, the high-temperature hot water flows into an electric three-way valve three (34) through the seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (314), the switching valve circuit enables the seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (314) to be connected with a heating water supply pipe (191), the high-temperature hot water flows into the water collecting and distributing device (20) through the seventh heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (314) and the heating water supply pipe (191), the high-temperature hot water in the water collecting and the water distributing device (20) releases heat at the heat dissipation end of a user, and the circulation is repeated, thereby meeting the heating requirement of users;
when the heat collected by the solar heat collector (5) is transmitted to the heat supply pipe network through the second heat exchanger (9):
the working process of the heat source side of the second heat exchanger (9) is as follows: after receiving solar radiation, the solar heat collector (5) heats low-temperature cold water from a cold water inlet pipe kl (509) of a heat collection circulating pipeline, at the moment, the water is changed into high-temperature hot water from the low-temperature cold water, the high-temperature hot water flows into a first electric three-way valve (6) through a hot water outlet pipe ab (501) of the heat collection circulating pipeline, a switching valve circuit enables the hot water outlet pipe ab (501) of the heat collection circulating pipeline to be communicated with a bypass pipe cg (504), the high-temperature hot water flows into the bypass pipe cg (504) and a heat collection circulating pipeline section gh (505) through the first electric three-way valve (6) and then flows into a second electric three-way valve (8), the switching valve circuit enables the heat collection circulating pipeline section gh (505) to be communicated with a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (507), the high-temperature hot water flows into the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (507) through the second electric three-way valve (8) and then flows into the heat source side of a second heat exchanger (9), and the high-temperature cold water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, the low-temperature cold water flows through the second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (508) and the heat collection circulating pipeline cold water inlet pipe kl (509), is pressurized by the heat collection circulating pump (11) and then enters the solar heat collector (5) again, and is circulated repeatedly;
the working process of the heat exchange side of the second heat exchanger (9) is as follows: low-temperature cold water in the heat supply pipe network water return pipe (3) flows into a third heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (901), is pressurized by a heat exchange circulating pump II (24) and then enters a heat exchange side of a second heat exchanger (9), high-temperature hot water is changed after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water flows into a heat supply pipe network water supply pipe (2) through a third heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (902), so that heat is conveyed into the heat supply pipe network.
8. A heat supply method according to claim 7, wherein:
when a user solar heat supply system (4) starts to operate, a valve switching path enables a heat collection circulation pipeline hot water outlet pipe ab (501) to be communicated with a heat collection circulation pipeline pipe segment de (502), a heat collection circulation pipeline pipe segment gh (505) to be communicated with a heat collection circulation pipeline pipe segment jk (506), a water tank heating outlet pipe (121) to be communicated with a heating water supply pipe (191), and a water tank heating inlet pipe (122) to be communicated with a heating water return pipe (192), so that heat collected by a solar heat collector (5) is firstly stored in a user heat storage water tank (12), and heat required by a user is firstly provided by the user heat storage water tank (12), and therefore the requirements of domestic hot water and heating of the user are met;
after receiving solar radiation, the solar thermal collector (5) heats low-temperature cold water from a cold water inlet pipe kl (509) of a heat collection circulating pipeline, at the moment, the water is changed into high-temperature hot water from the low-temperature cold water, the high-temperature hot water flows into a first electric three-way valve (6) through a hot water outlet pipe ab (501) of the heat collection circulating pipeline, a switching valve enables the hot water outlet pipe ab (501) of the heat collection circulating pipeline to be communicated with a pipe section de (502) of the heat collection circulating pipeline, the high-temperature hot water flows into the pipe section de (502) of the heat collection circulating pipeline through the first electric three-way valve (6) and then enters the heat source side of a first heat exchanger (7), the high-temperature hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat exchange, the low-temperature cold water flows into a second electric three-way valve (8) through a pipe section fg (503) of the heat collection circulating pipeline and a pipe section gh (505) of the heat collection circulating pipeline, and the switching valve enables the heat collection circulating pipeline (505) to be communicated with a heat collection circulating pipeline gh jk (506), the low-temperature cold water flows into the heat collection circulating pipeline section jk (506) and the heat collection circulating pipeline cold water inlet pipe kl (509) through the electric three-way valve II (8), is pressurized by the heat collection circulating pump (11) and then enters the solar heat collector (5) again, and is circulated repeatedly;
low-temperature cold water in the user heat storage water tank (12) enters a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (701), is pressurized by a heat exchange circulating pump I (13) and then enters a heat exchange side of a first heat exchanger (7), and becomes high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water flows through the first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (702) and then enters the user heat storage water tank (12), so that heat is stored in the user heat storage water tank (12).
9. A heat supply method according to claim 8, wherein:
when a user has a domestic hot water demand, tap water is pressurized by a domestic hot water circulating pump (18) through a tap water inlet pipe (162) and then flows into a water tank heat exchange coil (15), sufficient heat exchange is carried out in the water tank heat exchange coil (15), the high-temperature hot water is changed into high-temperature hot water after heat exchange, and the high-temperature hot water is conveyed into domestic hot water equipment (17) through a domestic hot water outlet pipe (161), so that the domestic hot water demand of the user is met;
when a user has a heating demand, high-temperature hot water in a user heat storage water tank (12) flows into a third electric three-way valve (34) through a water tank heating water outlet pipe (121), a switching valve circuit enables the water tank heating water outlet pipe (121) to be communicated with a heating water supply pipe (191), the high-temperature hot water flows into the heating water supply pipe (191) through the third electric three-way valve (34) and then flows into a water collecting and distributing device (20), the high-temperature hot water in the water collecting and distributing device (20) is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat release at the heat radiating end of the user, the low-temperature cold water flows into a fourth electric three-way valve (35) through a heating water return pipe (192), the switching valve circuit enables the heating water return pipe (192) to be communicated with a water tank heating water inlet pipe (122), the low-temperature cold water flows into the water tank heating water, thereby meeting the heating requirement of users.
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