CN114526039B - Composite temporary plugging parameter design method and system for perforation well - Google Patents
Composite temporary plugging parameter design method and system for perforation well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite temporary plugging parameter design method for a perforation well, which comprises the following steps: performing size characteristic analysis on the holes of the gun body for completing the perforation of the target layer to obtain average hole sizes and average Ferrette ratios for representing the overall morphological characteristics of all the holes; simulating a sand carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determining the hole size of the wall surface of the objective layer casing after erosion; and obtaining the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required by the composite temporary plugging of the target layer according to the hole size of the sleeve wall surface and the average Ferrette ratio. The invention effectively solves the problem of the optimal design of the composite temporary plugging construction of the temporary plugging balls and the temporary plugging agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas engineering, in particular to a method and a system for designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforation well.
Background
Frac acidizing is a key technical means for effectively utilizing a hypotonic tight reservoir. With the increase of low-grade oil gas and the large-scale development of unconventional reservoirs such as shale gas, the coverage rate of fracturing cracks on the reservoirs needs to be further increased so as to improve the yield increasing effect, and therefore multi-section multi-cluster perforation fracturing and repeated fracturing become important transformation modes.
In order to fully realize multi-section multi-cluster fracturing and repeated fracturing, a temporary plugging process is indispensable. The temporary plugging technology temporarily plugs perforation holes or cracks of the fractured sections by pumping temporary plugging materials (temporary plugging balls, temporary plugging agents, fibers and the like) into the working fluid, so that the fracturing fluid is caused to turn to enter other non-reformed sections, the effects of increasing the cracking efficiency and increasing the segmentation are achieved, and finally the utilization degree of the reservoir is improved. The process has the advantages of flexible operation, simple working procedure, no limitation of pipe column conditions and the like, and is widely applied to various large oil fields.
Due to irregular perforation form (influenced by eccentricity, burrs and the like), difficult prediction of size (undefined erosion effect of sand-carrying fluid on the perforation), and the like, single temporary plugging balls, temporary plugging agents, fibers and other materials are difficult to effectively plug the perforation, and the temporary plugging effect is poor. The composite temporary plugging is a temporary plugging process which is implemented by combining a plurality of temporary plugging materials, and can exert the advantages of different temporary plugging materials so as to improve the plugging effect. For example, a composite temporary plugging process of 'temporary plugging balls and temporary plugging agents' adopts temporary plugging balls with larger sizes to plug the hole main body, and adopts temporary plugging agents with smaller sizes to plug gaps between the temporary plugging balls and the holes.
From the action principle of the temporary plugging process, the size selection of the temporary plugging material is a key parameter of scheme design. The composite temporary plugging adopts more than two temporary plugging materials, so that the design difficulty of size optimization is further increased, and in the prior art, no accurate and effective composite temporary plugging optimization design method exists at present.
Therefore, in the prior art, a method for optimizing the composite temporary plugging by considering the size and morphological characteristics of the holes to be temporarily plugged is urgently needed, so as to solve the problem of optimizing the size of the composite temporary plugging material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a composite temporary plugging parameter for a perforation well, the method comprising: an initial size generation step, namely performing size characteristic analysis on the holes of the gun body for completing the perforation of the target layer to obtain average hole sizes and average Ferrette ratios for representing the overall morphological characteristics of all the holes; a step of generating erosion size, which is to simulate the erosion process of sand-carrying fluid in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determine the hole size of the casing wall surface of the objective layer after erosion; and generating temporary plugging parameters, namely obtaining the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required by the composite temporary plugging of the target layer according to the hole size of the casing wall surface and the average Ferrette ratio.
Preferably, in the initial size generation step, it includes: according to different preset directions, measuring the Ferrett diameter of each gun body hole related to the perforation operation of the target layer, and determining the maximum Ferrett diameter and the minimum Ferrett diameter of each gun body hole; calculating the initial bore diameter of the gun eye and the Fisher ratio of the gun eye of each gun body bore according to the maximum Fisher diameter and the minimum Fisher diameter; and obtaining the average pore size and the average feret ratio according to the initial pore size of the gunshot and the feret ratio of the gunshot.
Preferably, in the erosion size generation step, it includes: calculating the erosion speed of the hole to be temporarily plugged of the target layer according to the average hole size representing the integral initial hole diameter characteristics of the hole on the wall surface of the sleeve of the target layer and the fracturing construction displacement before temporary plugging; obtaining erosion quantity in the fracturing construction process according to the erosion speed through the ground erosion experiment; and obtaining the diameter of the holes to be temporarily plugged after erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size.
Preferably, the temporary plugging parameter generating step includes: determining a first relation coefficient between the diameter of a temporary plugging ball and the diameter of a hole on the wall surface of the casing of the target layer through an indoor temporary plugging experiment; determining a second relation coefficient of the size of the temporary plugging agent and the gap width through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball and the hole on the wall surface of the objective layer sleeve; obtaining the diameter of the temporary plugging ball according to the hole size of the casing wall surface and the first relation coefficient; and obtaining the diameter of the temporary plugging agent according to the casing wall hole size, the average Ferrette ratio and the second relation coefficient.
Preferably, the diameters of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent are calculated using the following expression:
Wherein d Q represents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, d J represents the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, k1 represents the first relation coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2, k2 represents the second relation coefficient, k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7, d c represents the casing wall hole size, and R F represents the average Ferrette ratio.
In another aspect, a composite temporary plugging parameter design system for a perforated well is provided, the system comprising: the initial size generation module is configured to perform size characteristic analysis on the holes of the gun body for completing the perforation of the target layer, and obtain average hole sizes and average Fisher ratio for representing the overall morphological characteristics of all the holes; the erosion size generation module is configured to simulate a sand-carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determine the hole size of the casing wall surface of the objective layer after erosion; and the temporary plugging parameter generation module is configured to obtain the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required by the composite temporary plugging of the target layer according to the hole size of the casing wall surface and the average Ferrette ratio.
Preferably, the initial size generation module includes: a diameter measurement unit configured to perform feret diameter measurement for each of the body holes related to the perforating operation of the target layer according to preset different directions, and determine a maximum feret diameter and a minimum feret diameter of each of the body holes; a single hole analysis unit configured to calculate a butt initial aperture and a butt feret ratio for each of the gun body eyelets based on the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter; and a gun hole integral analysis unit configured to obtain the average hole size and the average feret ratio according to the gun hole initial aperture and gun hole feret ratio.
Preferably, the erosion size generation module includes: an erosion rate calculation unit configured to calculate an erosion rate at an aperture to be temporarily plugged of a target layer according to the average aperture size characterizing an overall initial aperture characteristic of an aperture of a casing wall of the target layer and a fracturing construction displacement before temporary plugging; the erosion quantity simulation unit is configured to obtain the erosion quantity in the fracturing construction process from the erosion speed through the ground erosion experiment; and the post-erosion aperture calculation unit is configured to obtain the diameter of the holes to be temporarily plugged after erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size.
Preferably, the temporary plugging parameter generating module includes: a first coefficient determining unit configured to determine a first relationship coefficient of a diameter of a temporary plugging ball and a diameter of a borehole of a wall surface of the casing of the objective layer through an indoor temporary plugging experiment; a second coefficient determination unit configured to determine a second relationship coefficient of a size of the temporary plugging agent and the gap width through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball and the objective layer casing wall hole; a temporary plugging ball size calculation unit configured to obtain a diameter of the temporary plugging ball according to the casing wall hole size and the first relation coefficient; and a temporary plugging agent size calculation unit configured to obtain a diameter of the temporary plugging agent according to the casing wall hole size, the average feret ratio and the second relation coefficient.
Preferably, in the temporary plugging ball size calculation unit and the temporary plugging agent size calculation unit, diameters of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent are calculated using the following expressions, respectively:
Wherein d Q represents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, d J represents the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, k1 represents the first relation coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2, k2 represents the second relation coefficient, k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7, d c represents the casing wall hole size, and R F represents the average Ferrette ratio.
One or more embodiments of the above-described solution may have the following advantages or benefits compared to the prior art:
The invention provides a composite temporary plugging optimization design method and system for a perforation well. According to the method and the system, through the statistical analysis of the holes of the perforating gun body of the well, the initial size and the Ferrette ratio of the holes of the underground target layer are defined; further calculating the size of the hole to be temporarily plugged after erosion based on a sand-carrying fluid erosion simulation experiment; and finally, according to the size of the hole to be temporarily plugged and the Ferrette ratio of the hole under the well, obtaining the size of the temporary plugging ball and the size of the temporary plugging agent required by the composite temporary plugging construction of the target layer. The invention fully considers the irregular characteristics of perforation holes and the influence effect of sand-carrying fluid on the erosion effect of underground perforation holes, effectively solves the problem of the optimal design of the composite temporary plugging construction of temporary plugging balls and temporary plugging agents, provides more targeted design dimensions for each temporary plugging material required by the composite temporary plugging construction, and provides technical support for the optimal design of the composite temporary plugging of different lithology and different well type perforation wells.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a method for designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the initial dimension generation step in a method for designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of erosion dimension generation steps in a method for designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a temporary plugging parameter generating step in a method for designing a composite temporary plugging parameter for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a composite temporary plugging parameter design system for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, thereby solving the technical problems by applying technical means to the present invention, and realizing the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as no conflict is formed, each embodiment of the present invention and each feature of each embodiment may be combined with each other, and the formed technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Frac acidizing is a key technical means for effectively utilizing a hypotonic tight reservoir. With the increase of low-grade oil gas and the large-scale development of unconventional reservoirs such as shale gas, the coverage rate of fracturing cracks on the reservoirs needs to be further increased so as to improve the yield increasing effect, and therefore multi-section multi-cluster perforation fracturing and repeated fracturing become important transformation modes.
In order to fully realize multi-section multi-cluster fracturing and repeated fracturing, a temporary plugging process is indispensable. The temporary plugging technology temporarily plugs perforation holes or cracks of the fractured sections by pumping temporary plugging materials (temporary plugging balls, temporary plugging agents, fibers and the like) into the working fluid, so that the fracturing fluid is caused to turn to enter other non-reformed sections, the effects of increasing the cracking efficiency and increasing the segmentation are achieved, and finally the utilization degree of the reservoir is improved. The process has the advantages of flexible operation, simple working procedure, no limitation of pipe column conditions and the like, and is widely applied to various large oil fields.
Due to irregular perforation form (influenced by eccentricity, burrs and the like), difficult prediction of size (undefined erosion effect of sand-carrying fluid on the perforation), and the like, single temporary plugging balls, temporary plugging agents, fibers and other materials are difficult to effectively plug the perforation, and the temporary plugging effect is poor. The composite temporary plugging is a temporary plugging process which is implemented by combining a plurality of temporary plugging materials, and can exert the advantages of different temporary plugging materials so as to improve the plugging effect. For example, a composite temporary plugging process of 'temporary plugging balls and temporary plugging agents' adopts temporary plugging balls with larger sizes to plug the hole main body, and adopts temporary plugging agents with smaller sizes to plug gaps between the temporary plugging balls and the holes.
From the action principle of the temporary plugging process, the size selection of the temporary plugging material is a key parameter of scheme design. The composite temporary plugging adopts more than two temporary plugging materials, so that the design difficulty of size optimization is further increased, and in the prior art, no accurate and effective composite temporary plugging optimization design method exists at present.
Therefore, in order to solve the technical scheme of the prior art for designing various temporary plugging material sizes of the composite temporary plugging technology, a composite temporary plugging parameter design method and system for a perforation well are provided. The method and the system firstly carry out size characteristic analysis on the holes of the gun body for completing the perforation of the target layer, and determine the average initial size and the average Ferrette ratio for representing the integral morphological characteristics of the holes of all gun bodies; then simulating a sand-carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing process, and calculating the size of the holes to be temporarily plugged after erosion; and finally, calculating the sizes of temporary plugging balls and temporary plugging agents required by the current composite temporary plugging construction according to the size of the hole to be temporarily plugged and the average Ferrette ratio. The invention fully considers the irregular characteristics of perforation holes and the erosion influence of sand-carrying fluid on the perforation holes, effectively solves the problem of the optimal design of the composite temporary plugging parameters of temporary plugging balls and temporary plugging agents, and can provide technical support for the optimal design of the composite temporary plugging of perforation wells with different lithology and different wells.
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a method for designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application. The method for designing the composite temporary plugging parameters for the perforation wells (hereinafter referred to as "temporary plugging material size designing method") according to the present application will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1.
First, before explaining the specific process of the present invention, the technical principle of the temporary plugging material size design method of the present invention will be explained. In the practical application process, in order to implement the composite temporary plugging construction on the target layer, perforation operation before fracturing construction is required to be performed on the target layer before the composite temporary plugging construction, perforation is performed on the casing wall surface of the target layer through a perforating gun, so that a plurality of holes are formed on the wall surface, the holes are initial holes (perforation holes) of the holes to be temporarily plugged (the initial holes refer to the holes to be temporarily plugged with the form of the initial size before the flushing), and therefore artificial cracks for communicating natural cracks of the reservoir layer are generated at the holes of the wall surface of each casing. At this time, each gun body hole left after the perforating gun performs perforating operation on the target layer has an initial hole with a size matched with that of the hole to be temporarily plugged on the wall surface of the casing, and the initial hole corresponds to the hole. Therefore, in step S110 of the present invention, after the perforation operation is performed on the target layer, the sizes of the plurality of gun body holes left on the gun body are analyzed, and the overall size characteristics of all gun body holes are determined, so that the overall size characteristics of the gun body holes are used to represent the initial size characteristics of all casing wall holes in the underground target layer, that is, the initial size characteristics of the holes to be temporarily plugged.
Then, after the underground casing wall hole (i.e. the initial hole of the hole to be temporarily plugged) is formed, the flushing effect of the fracturing working fluid is carried out in the subsequent fracturing construction process, so that after the whole fracturing construction is completed, the casing wall hole of each target layer is expanded and changed in the initial size form, and the true hole to be temporarily plugged after the flushing effect is formed (the original hole to be temporarily plugged is deformed into the flushing hole to be temporarily plugged, and the two holes are different in size). Therefore, step S120 of the present invention needs to simulate the erosion process of the whole fracturing construction, and determine the size characteristics of all casing wall holes in the underground destination layer after erosion. And then, the step S130 refers to the irregular characteristic information of the underground initial hole before the characteristic erosion obtained in the step S110 and the erosion influence of sand-carrying fluid obtained in the step 120 on the underground target layer perforation (initial) hole, and the fine quantitative design is carried out on the temporary plugging ball size and the temporary plugging agent size in the composite temporary plugging construction of adding temporary plugging agent into the temporary plugging ball.
Referring to fig. 1, step S110 performs a size characteristic analysis on the perforations of the gun body for which the perforation of the target layer is completed, to obtain an average perforation size representing the overall morphological characteristics of the perforations of all gun bodies, and an average feret ratio. That is, in step S110, it is necessary to perform a size characteristic analysis on a plurality of gun body holes left on the perforating gun after the perforation operation is performed on the target layer, so as to obtain an average hole size characterizing the overall size characteristics of the gun body holes and an average feret ratio characterizing the overall irregular morphology characteristics of the gun body holes, thereby indirectly representing the overall (initial) size characteristics and the overall (initial) irregular morphology characteristics of all casing wall holes in the underground target layer before the erosion process.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the initial dimension generation step in a method for designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application. The following describes in detail the initial dimension generating step in the temporary plugging material dimension designing method according to the embodiment of the present application with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Step S201 performs feret diameter measurement on each gun body hole related to the perforation operation of the target layer according to different preset directions, and determines the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter of each gun body hole. The feret diameter is defined as the distance between parallel lines of the two boundaries of the outline of the hole measured in a certain direction. When the Ferrett diameter of each gun body eyelet is measured, a vernier caliper can be adopted to directly measure the distance between two boundary parallel lines of the lower eyelet outline in the corresponding direction according to different preset directions of the eyelet, multiple groups of Ferrett diameter data (each group of data corresponds to one preset direction) are obtained, and a group of diameter arrays are obtained for each gun body eyelet. In this way, the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter of the current gun body hole can be directly determined from the set of diameter arrays corresponding to each gun body hole, and the process proceeds to step S202.
Step S202 obtains the initial aperture and the Fisher ratio of the gun hole for each gun body hole by using a single-hole aperture calculation formula and a single-hole Fisher ratio calculation formula according to the maximum Fisher diameter and the minimum Fisher diameter of each gun body hole, respectively, and then proceeds to step S203. Wherein, the single pore diameter calculation formula is expressed by the following expression:
Wherein d Fmaxi represents the maximum feret diameter of the ith gun body hole in mm; d Fmini represents the minimum Feret diameter in mm of the ith gun body hole; d pi denotes the initial bore diameter of the gun hole of the ith gun body bore in mm. Further, the single-hole feret ratio calculation formula described above is expressed by the following expression:
RFi＝dFmini/dFmaxi (2)
Wherein R Fi represents the gun hole Ferrette ratio of the ith gun body hole, and the dimensionless.
Step S203 calculates the average hole size according to the initial hole diameters of all the gun body holes and the integral characteristic calculation formula of the hole diameters, and calculates the average Fisher ratio according to the Fisher ratio data of the gun body holes and the integral characteristic calculation formula of the Fisher ratio. Thus, the average hole size is used to characterize the overall size characteristics of the gun body holes, and the average Ferrette ratio is used to characterize the overall irregular morphological characteristics of the gun body holes, so that the overall (initial) size characteristics and the overall (initial) irregular morphological characteristics of all casing wall holes in the underground target layer before the erosion process are indirectly represented. Wherein, the aperture integral characteristic calculation formula is expressed by the following expression:
Wherein n t represents the total number of gun body holes, and the unit is one; d p represents the average cell size (average initial pore size) in mm for all the gun body cells. Further, the above-described feret ratio integral feature calculation formula is expressed by the following expression:
Wherein R F represents the average feret ratio of all gun body perforations, dimensionless. In this way, the calculation of the average cell size and the average feret ratio, which characterize the overall morphology of all cells (morphology including size and irregular morphology) is completed in steps S201 to S203, and step S110 ends, and the process proceeds to step S120.
Step S120 is to simulate the sand carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging construction by a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size obtained in step S110, and determine the size of the hole on the wall of the objective layer casing after erosion, namely, the hole diameter of the hole to be temporarily plugged after erosion is obtained, thereby completing the simulation of the influence of sand carrying fluid on the erosion process of the perforation (initial) hole of the objective layer in the well in fracturing construction.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of erosion dimension generation steps in a method for designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application. The following describes in detail the erosion dimension generation step in the temporary plugging material dimension design method according to the embodiment of the present application with reference to fig. 1 and 3.
Step S301 obtains the erosion speed of the holes to be temporarily plugged of the target layer (the average erosion speed of the working fluid injected into all holes to be temporarily plugged of the target layer in the fracturing construction process) according to the average hole size which can be characterized as the integral initial hole diameter characteristic of the holes on the casing wall of the underground target layer and the fracturing construction displacement before temporary plugging obtained in step S110 by using an erosion speed calculation method, and then enters step S302. Wherein, the erosion rate calculation formula is represented by the following expression:
v represents the erosion speed of the hole to be temporarily plugged of the target layer, and the unit is m/s; q represents the fracturing construction displacement before temporary plugging, the unit is m 3/min;nc, the total number of holes to be temporarily plugged in the target layer is m.
Step S302 is to obtain the erosion amount of the working fluid in the fracturing construction process by using the erosion speed obtained in step S301 through a ground erosion experiment and using a sand-carrying fluid erosion model, so that the process enters step S303. The sand-carrying fluid erosion model is represented by the following expression:
w＝16.67KVmt (6)
W represents the erosion amount of sand-carrying fluid to casing wall holes in mm in the fracturing construction process; K. m represents a constant coefficient related to the erosion material (working fluid), preferably, m ranges from 2 to 2.2; t represents the fracturing construction time before temporary plugging, and the unit is min. In the embodiment of the invention, the erosion amount represents the aperture expansion change amount of the casing wall hole under the action of sand-carrying fluid in the fracturing construction process, and can be understood as the average value of the aperture expansion change amount of one casing wall hole under the action of sand-carrying fluid in the fracturing construction process.
Step S303, according to the erosion amount in the fracturing construction process obtained in step S302 and the average hole size which is obtained in step S110 and can represent the integral hole diameter characteristics of the initial hole of the casing wall surface of the target layer, obtaining the diameter of the hole to be temporarily plugged after erosion by using the calculation method of the hole diameter after erosion, and taking the diameter as the hole size of the casing wall surface of the target layer after erosion. Wherein, the aperture calculation formula after erosion is represented by the following expression:
dc＝dp+w (7)
wherein d c represents the diameter of the casing wall hole after temporary plugging and sand-carrying fluid erosion, and the unit is mm. In this way, the above-described steps S301 to S303 complete accurate estimation of the pore size of the objective layer casing wall hole after erosion, and at this time, step S120 ends, and the process proceeds to step S130.
Step S130 is to obtain the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required when the composite temporary plugging is carried out on the target layer according to the hole size of the casing wall surface of the target layer after the erosion of the sand-carrying fluid representing the fracturing construction on the perforation (initial) hole of the underground target layer, which is obtained in step S120, and the average Fisher ratio representing the initial irregular characteristic of the casing wall surface hole of the underground casing before the erosion, which is obtained in step S110. It should be noted that, because the composite temporary plugging construction in the embodiment of the present invention preferably refers to the construction of adding temporary plugging balls and temporary plugging agents as temporary plugging materials, the step S130 of the present invention may finally obtain accurate quantized size data of the temporary plugging balls and accurate quantized size data of the temporary plugging agents required when the current target layer is subjected to composite temporary plugging.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a temporary plugging parameter generating step in a method for designing a composite temporary plugging parameter for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application. The step of generating temporary plugging parameters in the temporary plugging material size design method according to the embodiment of the application is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 4.
Step 401 is to determine a first relation coefficient between the diameter of the temporary plugging ball and the diameter of the casing wall hole of the target layer through an indoor temporary plugging experiment, and then enter step S402. Step S402 is based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball aperture and the hole on the wall surface of the casing of the target layer, and a second relation coefficient between the size of the temporary plugging agent and the current gap width is further determined through an indoor temporary plugging experiment. Next, step S403 obtains the diameter of the temporary plugging ball by using the temporary plugging ball aperture calculation formula according to the casing wall hole size obtained in step S120 and the first relation coefficient obtained in step S401. Finally, the diameter of the temporary plugging agent is obtained by using a temporary plugging agent aperture calculation formula according to the sleeve wall hole size obtained in the step S120, the average Ferrette ratio obtained in the step S110 and the second relation coefficient obtained in the step S402.
Further, the temporary plugging ball pore diameter calculation formula and the temporary plugging agent pore diameter calculation formula are expressed by the following expressions, respectively:
dQ＝k1*dc (8)
dJ＝k2*(RF-1)dc (9)
Wherein d Q represents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, and the unit is mm; d J represents the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, and the unit is mm; k1 represents a first relation coefficient, and k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2; k2 represents a second relation coefficient, and k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7. In this way, the temporary plugging agent diameter (aperture) and temporary plugging ball diameter (aperture) obtained above are used to form the temporary plugging ball aperture size and temporary plugging agent aperture size required for the composite temporary plugging of the target layer, so that the composite temporary plugging parameter design process for the perforation well is completed through the steps S401 to S404, and at this time, step S130 ends.
In addition, since the temporary plugging ball pore size and the temporary plugging agent pore size obtained in step S403 and step S404 are both decimal, step S405 is included after step S404 in step S130 of the present invention to optimize the final size results obtained in step S403 and step S404, respectively. Specifically, step S405 combines production specifications of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent, optimizes the temporary plugging ball aperture size data obtained in step S403, and simultaneously optimizes the temporary plugging agent aperture size data obtained in step S404, so that the optimized temporary plugging ball aperture size and temporary plugging agent aperture size data are used as final temporary plugging parameter design results.
For example, the method for designing the composite temporary plugging parameter for the perforation well in the embodiment of the invention is applied to the X well of the Sichuan basin, and the specific implementation flow is as follows:
Step A: taking 20 holes of a certain section of perforating gun for taking an X well as an example, measuring the maximum Ferrette diameter d Fmaxi and the minimum Ferrette diameter d Fmini of a gun body hole one by one on site, calculating the initial aperture d pi and the Ferrette ratio R Fi of each hole according to the formula (1) and the formula (2), and obtaining the results shown in the table 1.
Table 1 statistics of perforating gun body and perforation size
| i | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| dFmax i | 9.4 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 8.5 |
| dFmin i | 9 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 9 | 7.9 |
| dpi | 9.2 | 8.2 | 8.45 | 9.15 | 9 | 8.85 | 8.45 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.35 | 8.4 | 9.05 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 9 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 8.2 |
| RFi | 1.044 | 1.076 | 1.284 | 1.316 | 1.118 | 1.058 | 1.086 | 1.173 | 1.047 | 1.062 | 1.049 | 1.057 | 1.157 | 1.044 | 1.171 | 1.045 | 1.118 | 1.122 | 1.044 | 1.076 |
And (B) step (B): the average initial pore diameter d p of the 20 gun body pores is 8.839mm and the average Ferrette ratio R F is 1.113 according to the initial pore diameter d pi of each pore obtained in the step 1 and the Ferrette ratio R Fi and the average initial pore diameter d p of the 20 gun body pores is calculated according to the formula (3) and the formula (4).
Step C: and B, calculating the erosion speed V at the hole according to a formula (5), wherein the average initial aperture d p is 8.839mm, the fracturing construction displacement Q before temporary plugging is 10m 3/min, the number of holes n c of the section to be temporary plugged is 72, and the erosion speed V at the hole is 37.724m/s.
Step D: and C, according to the erosion speed V of 37.724m/s and the fracturing construction time t of 80min before temporary plugging, the empirical constant K is 5.1X10: 10 -10, m is 2, and the perforation erosion w in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging is calculated according to the formula (6) and is 3.484mm.
Step E: the average initial pore diameter D p obtained in the step B is 8.839mm, the erosion amount w of the hole obtained in the step D is 3.484mm, and the diameter D c of the hole on the wall surface of the sleeve after erosion is 12.322mm according to the formula (7).
Step F: according to the average Ferrette ratio R F obtained in the step B of 1.113, the diameter d c of the sleeve wall surface obtained in the step E of 12.322mm, the required temporary plugging ball diameter d Q calculated according to the formula (8) of 13.56-14.79 mm (13.5 mm+15mm according to the temporary plugging ball specification) and the required temporary plugging agent size d J calculated according to the formula (9) of 0.28-0.97 mm (20/50 mesh, namely 0.3-0.9 mm according to the screen specification).
At present, the composite temporary plugging design method is applied to 190 Yu Jingduan of a shale gas field in a Sichuan basin, the temporary plugging effective rate reaches 83.9%, and compared with the prior amplification of 30.2%, the application effect is obvious.
In addition, based on the method for designing the composite temporary plugging parameters for the perforation well, the application also provides a system for designing the composite temporary plugging parameters for the perforation well (hereinafter referred to as a temporary plugging material size design system). FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a composite temporary plugging parameter design system for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 5, the temporary plugging material sizing system according to the present application includes: an initial size generation module 51, an erosion size generation module 52, and a temporary plugging parameter generation module 53.
The initial size generation module 51 is configured to perform size feature analysis on the holes of the gun body for completing the perforation of the target layer according to the method described in the above step S110, so as to obtain an average hole size and an average feret ratio representing the overall morphological feature of all the holes. The erosion size generation module 52 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S120, and is configured to simulate the sand-carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the current average hole size, and determine the hole size of the casing wall surface of the objective layer after erosion. The temporary plugging parameter generating module 53 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S130, and is configured to obtain the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required for performing the composite temporary plugging on the target layer according to the hole size of the casing wall surface and the average feret ratio.
Further, the initial size generation module 51 includes: a diameter measuring unit 511, a single hole analyzing unit 512, and a gun hole overall analyzing unit 513. The diameter measurement unit 511 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S201, and is configured to perform the feret diameter measurement for each of the gun body holes related to the perforation operation of the target layer according to the preset different directions, and determine the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter of each gun body hole. The single hole analysis unit 512 is configured to calculate the initial bore diameter and the initial bore feret ratio of each gun body bore based on the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter of each gun body bore, as described in step S202 above. The gun hole integrated analysis unit 513 is configured to obtain an average hole size and an average feret ratio from the initial hole diameter of the gun hole and the feret ratio of the gun hole of each gun body, according to the method described in the above step S203.
Further, the erosion size generation module 52 includes: an erosion rate calculation unit 521, an erosion amount simulation unit 522, and an post-erosion aperture calculation unit 523. The erosion rate calculation unit 521 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S301, and is configured to calculate the erosion rate of the hole to be plugged temporarily in the objective layer according to the average hole size characterizing the integral initial hole diameter of the hole on the casing wall of the objective layer and the fracturing construction displacement before temporary plugging. The erosion amount simulation unit 522 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S302, and is configured to obtain the erosion amount during the fracturing operation from the erosion speed through the ground erosion experiment. The post-erosion aperture calculation unit 523 is configured to obtain the diameter of the holes to be temporarily plugged after erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size, according to the method described in step S303.
Further, the temporary blocking parameter generating module 53 includes: a first coefficient determination unit 531, a second coefficient determination unit 532, a temporary plugging ball size calculation unit 533, and a temporary plugging agent size calculation unit 534. The first coefficient determining unit 531 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S401, and is configured to determine, through an indoor temporary plugging experiment, a first coefficient of relationship between the diameter of the temporary plugging ball and the diameter of the casing wall hole of the current destination layer. The second coefficient determining unit 532 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S402, and is configured to determine, through an indoor temporary plugging experiment, a second relationship coefficient between the size of the temporary plugging agent and the current gap width based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball and the wall hole of the casing of the destination layer. The temporary plugging ball size calculating unit 533 is configured to obtain the diameter of the temporary plugging ball required for the current composite temporary plugging construction according to the casing wall hole size and the first relation coefficient, according to the method described in the step S403. The temporary plugging agent size calculating unit 534 is configured to obtain the diameter of the temporary plugging agent required for the current composite temporary plugging construction according to the casing wall hole size, the average feret ratio, and the second relation coefficient, according to the method described in the step S404.
Further, in the temporary plugging ball size calculation unit 533 and the temporary plugging agent size calculation unit 534, the diameters of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent are calculated using the following expressions, respectively:
Wherein d Q represents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, d J represents the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, k1 represents a first relationship coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2, k2 represents a second relationship coefficient, k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7, d c represents the casing wall hole size, and R F represents the average Ferrette ratio.
The invention discloses a composite temporary plugging optimization design method and system for a perforation well. According to the method and the system, through the statistical analysis of the holes of the perforating gun body of the well, the initial size and the Ferrette ratio of the holes of the underground target layer are defined; further calculating the size of the hole to be temporarily plugged after erosion based on a sand-carrying fluid erosion simulation experiment; and finally, according to the size of the hole to be temporarily plugged and the Ferrette ratio of the hole under the well, obtaining the size of the temporary plugging ball and the size of the temporary plugging agent required by the composite temporary plugging construction of the target layer. The invention fully considers the irregular characteristics of perforation holes and the influence effect of sand-carrying fluid on the erosion effect of underground perforation holes, effectively solves the problem of the optimal design of the composite temporary plugging construction of temporary plugging balls and temporary plugging agents, provides more targeted design dimensions for each temporary plugging material required by the composite temporary plugging construction, and provides technical support for the optimal design of the composite temporary plugging of different lithology and different well type perforation wells.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are described above, the embodiments are only used for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for designing the composite temporary plugging parameters for the perforation well is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
An initial size generation step, namely performing size characteristic analysis on the holes of the gun body for completing the perforation of the target layer to obtain average hole sizes and average Ferrette ratios for representing the overall morphological characteristics of all the holes;
A step of generating erosion size, which is to simulate the erosion process of sand-carrying fluid in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determine the hole size of the casing wall surface of the objective layer after erosion;
A temporary plugging parameter generation step, according to the hole size of the casing wall surface and the average feret ratio, obtaining the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required by the composite temporary plugging of a target layer, wherein the initial size generation step comprises the following steps:
According to different preset directions, measuring the Ferrett diameter of each gun body hole related to the perforation operation of the target layer, and determining the maximum Ferrett diameter and the minimum Ferrett diameter of each gun body hole;
Calculating the initial bore diameter of the gun eye and the Fisher ratio of the gun eye of each gun body bore according to the maximum Fisher diameter and the minimum Fisher diameter;
Obtaining the average pore size and the average feret ratio according to the initial pore size of the guneye and the feret ratio of the guneye;
The erosion size generation step includes:
Calculating the erosion speed of the hole to be temporarily plugged of the target layer according to the average hole size representing the integral initial hole diameter characteristics of the hole on the wall surface of the sleeve of the target layer and the fracturing construction displacement before temporary plugging;
Obtaining erosion quantity in the fracturing construction process according to the erosion speed through the ground erosion experiment;
Obtaining the diameter of the holes to be temporarily plugged after erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size;
the temporary plugging parameter generating step comprises the following steps:
determining a first relation coefficient between the diameter of a temporary plugging ball and the diameter of a hole on the wall surface of the casing of the target layer through an indoor temporary plugging experiment;
Determining a second relation coefficient of the size of the temporary plugging agent and the gap width through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball and the hole on the wall surface of the objective layer sleeve;
obtaining the diameter of the temporary plugging ball according to the hole size of the casing wall surface and the first relation coefficient;
and obtaining the diameter of the temporary plugging agent according to the casing wall hole size, the average Ferrette ratio and the second relation coefficient.
2. The composite temporary plugging parameter design method according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the temporary plugging balls and the temporary plugging agent are calculated by using the following expression:
Wherein d Q represents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, d J represents the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, k1 represents the first relation coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2, k2 represents the second relation coefficient, k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7, d c represents the casing wall hole size, and R F represents the average Ferrette ratio.
3. A composite temporary plugging parameter design system for a perforation well, the composite temporary plugging parameter design system comprising:
The initial size generation module is configured to perform size characteristic analysis on the holes of the gun body for completing the perforation of the target layer, and obtain average hole sizes and average Fisher ratio for representing the overall morphological characteristics of all the holes;
The erosion size generation module is configured to simulate a sand-carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determine the hole size of the casing wall surface of the objective layer after erosion;
A temporary plugging parameter generation module configured to obtain the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required by the composite temporary plugging of the target layer according to the hole size of the casing wall surface and the average Ferrette ratio,
The initial size generation module includes:
a diameter measurement unit configured to perform feret diameter measurement for each of the body holes related to the perforating operation of the target layer according to preset different directions, and determine a maximum feret diameter and a minimum feret diameter of each of the body holes;
A single hole analysis unit configured to calculate a butt initial aperture and a butt feret ratio for each of the gun body eyelets based on the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter;
A gun hole integral analysis unit configured to obtain the average hole size and the average feret ratio from the gun hole initial aperture and gun hole feret ratio;
The erosion size generation module comprises:
An erosion rate calculation unit configured to calculate an erosion rate at an aperture to be temporarily plugged of a target layer according to the average aperture size characterizing an overall initial aperture characteristic of an aperture of a casing wall of the target layer and a fracturing construction displacement before temporary plugging;
The erosion quantity simulation unit is configured to obtain the erosion quantity in the fracturing construction process from the erosion speed through the ground erosion experiment;
the post-erosion aperture calculation unit is configured to obtain the diameter of the holes to be temporarily plugged after erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size;
The temporary plugging parameter generation module comprises:
A first coefficient determining unit configured to determine a first relationship coefficient of a diameter of a temporary plugging ball and a diameter of a borehole of a wall surface of the casing of the objective layer through an indoor temporary plugging experiment;
a second coefficient determination unit configured to determine a second relationship coefficient of a size of the temporary plugging agent and the gap width through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball and the objective layer casing wall hole;
A temporary plugging ball size calculation unit configured to obtain a diameter of the temporary plugging ball according to the casing wall hole size and the first relation coefficient;
and a temporary plugging agent size calculation unit configured to obtain a diameter of the temporary plugging agent according to the casing wall hole size, the average feret ratio and the second relation coefficient.
4. The composite temporary plugging parameter design system according to claim 3, wherein in the temporary plugging ball size calculation unit and the temporary plugging agent size calculation unit, diameters of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent are calculated using the following expressions, respectively:
Wherein d Q represents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, d J represents the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, k1 represents the first relation coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2, k2 represents the second relation coefficient, k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7, d c represents the casing wall hole size, and R F represents the average Ferrette ratio.
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