CN114526039A - Composite temporary plugging parameter design method and system for perforated well - Google Patents
Composite temporary plugging parameter design method and system for perforated well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite temporary plugging parameter design method for a perforated well, which comprises the following steps: carrying out size characteristic analysis on the perforations of the gun body completing the perforation of the target layer to obtain average perforation size and average Feret ratio which represent the integral morphological characteristics of all the perforations; simulating the erosion process of the sand-carrying liquid in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging by a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determining the size of the hole on the wall surface of the target layer casing after erosion; and obtaining the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required for carrying out composite temporary plugging on the target layer according to the size of the holes on the wall surface of the sleeve and the average Feret ratio. The invention effectively solves the problem of optimal design of composite temporary plugging construction of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas engineering, in particular to a composite temporary plugging parameter design method and a composite temporary plugging parameter design system for a perforated well.
Background
Fracture acidizing is a key technical means for effectively exploiting low-permeability tight reservoirs. With the increase of low-grade oil gas and the large-scale development of unconventional reservoirs such as shale gas and the like, the coverage rate of fracturing to the reservoir needs to be further increased to improve the yield increasing effect, so that the multistage and multi-cluster perforation fracturing and repeated fracturing become important reconstruction modes.
The temporary plugging process is necessary for fully realizing multi-section multi-cluster fracturing and repeated fracturing. In the temporary plugging process, temporary plugging materials (temporary plugging balls, temporary plugging agents, fibers and the like) are pumped into working fluid to temporarily plug perforation holes or fracturing cracks of a fractured section, so that the fracturing fluid is enabled to enter other sections which are not modified in a diverting manner, the effects of increasing the fracture initiation efficiency and increasing the segmentation are achieved, and the utilization degree of a reservoir stratum is finally improved. The process has the advantages of flexible operation, simple process, no limitation of pipe column conditions and the like, and is widely applied to various large oil fields.
Due to the reasons of irregular shapes of perforation holes (influenced by eccentricity, burrs and the like), difficult prediction of sizes (the erosion effect of the sand carrying liquid on the perforation holes is not clear), and the like, single materials such as temporary plugging balls, temporary plugging agents, fibers and the like are difficult to effectively plug the perforation holes, and the temporary plugging effect is poor. The composite temporary plugging is a temporary plugging process implemented by combining multiple temporary plugging materials, and can exert the advantages of different temporary plugging materials so as to improve the plugging effect. For example, in the composite temporary blocking process of 'temporary blocking ball and temporary blocking agent', the temporary blocking ball with larger size is used for blocking a main body of the hole, and the temporary blocking agent with smaller size is used for blocking a gap between the temporary blocking ball and the hole.
From the action principle of the temporary plugging process, the size selection of the temporary plugging material is a key parameter for scheme design. The composite temporary plugging adopts more than two temporary plugging materials, the design difficulty of size optimization is further increased, and in the prior art, an accurate and effective composite temporary plugging optimization design method is not available at present.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a composite temporary plugging optimization design method that takes into account the size and morphological characteristics of the hole to be temporarily plugged, so as to solve the size optimization problem of the composite temporary plugging material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforated well, where the method includes: an initial size generation step, namely performing size characteristic analysis on the perforations of the gun body completing the perforation of the target layer to obtain average perforation size and average Feret bit representing the integral morphological characteristics of all the perforations; an erosion size generation step, namely simulating a sand-carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determining the size of the hole on the wall surface of the target layer casing pipe after erosion; and a temporary plugging parameter generation step, namely obtaining the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required when the composite temporary plugging is carried out on the target layer according to the size of the wall surface hole of the sleeve and the average Feret ratio.
Preferably, in the initial size generating step, the method includes: performing Ferrett diameter measurement on each gun body perforation related to the perforating operation of the target layer according to preset different directions, and determining the maximum Ferrett diameter and the minimum Ferrett diameter of each gun body perforation; calculating the initial bore diameter and the Ferrett ratio of the gunshot of each gun body eyelet according to the maximum Ferrett diameter and the minimum Ferrett diameter; and obtaining the average aperture size and the average Firet bit according to the initial bore diameter and the Firet bit of the gunshot.
Preferably, in the erosion size generating step, the method includes: calculating the erosion speed of the target layer at the hole to be temporarily blocked according to the average hole size representing the integral initial pore diameter characteristic of the target layer casing wall surface hole and the fracturing construction displacement before temporary blocking; obtaining the erosion amount in the fracturing construction process according to the erosion speed through the ground erosion experiment; and obtaining the diameter of the hole to be temporarily blocked after the erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size.
Preferably, in the temporary plugging parameter generating step, the temporary plugging parameter generating step includes: determining a first relation coefficient between the diameter of the temporary plugging ball and the diameter of the target layer casing wall surface hole through an indoor temporary plugging experiment; determining a second relation coefficient between the size of the temporary plugging agent and the width of the gap through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the width of the gap between the temporary plugging ball and the wall surface hole of the target layer casing; obtaining the diameter of the temporary plugging ball according to the size of the hole in the wall surface of the sleeve and the first relation coefficient; and obtaining the diameter of the temporary plugging agent according to the size of the holes on the wall surface of the casing, the average Feret ratio and the second relation coefficient.
Preferably, the diameters of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent are calculated by using the following expressions:
wherein, dQRepresents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, dJRepresents the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, k1 represents the first relational coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2, k2 represents the second relational coefficient, k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7, dcIndicating the casing wall face holeEye size, RFRepresenting the average Feret bit.
In another aspect, a composite plugging parameter design system for a perforated well is provided, the system comprising: the initial size generation module is configured to perform size characteristic analysis on the holes of the gun body for completing the perforation of the target layer to obtain an average hole size and an average Feret bit for representing the integral morphological characteristics of all the holes; the erosion size generation module is configured to simulate a sand-carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determine the size of the hole on the wall surface of the target layer casing pipe after erosion; and the temporary plugging parameter generation module is configured to obtain sizes of various temporary plugging materials required for carrying out composite temporary plugging on the target layer according to the size of the wall surface hole of the sleeve and the average Feret ratio.
Preferably, the initial size generation module includes: a diameter measurement unit configured to perform Ferrett diameter measurement on each of the frame holes associated with the perforating operation of the target layer in different preset directions, and determine a maximum Ferrett diameter and a minimum Ferrett diameter of each of the frame holes; a single-bore analysis unit configured to calculate an eye initial bore diameter and an eye Ferrett ratio for each of the body apertures from the maximum Ferrett diameter and the minimum Ferrett diameter; a gun bore ensemble analysis unit configured to derive the average aperture size and the average FireBt from the gun bore initial bore diameter and the gun bore FireBt.
Preferably, the erosion size generation module includes: the erosion speed calculation unit is configured to calculate the erosion speed of the target layer to-be-temporarily-blocked holes according to the average hole size representing the integral initial hole diameter characteristic of the target layer casing wall holes and the fracturing construction displacement before temporary blocking; the erosion amount simulation unit is configured to obtain the erosion amount in the fracturing construction process according to the erosion speed through the ground erosion experiment; and the post-erosion aperture calculation unit is configured to obtain the diameter of the to-be-temporarily-plugged hole after erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size.
Preferably, the blocking parameter generating module includes: a first coefficient determining unit configured to determine a first relation coefficient between the diameter of the temporary plugging ball and the diameter of the target layer casing wall surface hole through an indoor temporary plugging experiment; a second coefficient determination unit configured to determine a second relation coefficient between the size of the temporary plugging agent and the gap width through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball and the target layer casing wall surface hole; a temporary plugging ball size calculation unit configured to obtain a diameter of the temporary plugging ball according to the casing wall hole size and the first relation coefficient; and the temporary plugging agent size calculation unit is configured to obtain the diameter of the temporary plugging agent according to the size of the hole in the wall surface of the casing, the average Feret bit and the second relation coefficient.
Preferably, in the temporary plugging ball size calculation unit and the temporary plugging agent size calculation unit, the diameters of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent are calculated using the following expressions, respectively:
wherein d isQRepresents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, dJRepresents the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, k1 represents the first relational coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2, k2 represents the second relational coefficient, k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7, dcIndicating the casing wall hole size, RFRepresenting the average Feret bit.
Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the invention provides a composite temporary plugging optimization design method and a composite temporary plugging optimization design system for a perforated well. The method and the system make clear the initial size and the Feret ratio of the underground target layer perforation by the statistic analysis of the perforation of the well-outlet perforating gun body; then calculating the size of the hole to be temporarily plugged after erosion based on the sand-carrying fluid erosion simulation experiment; and finally, obtaining the sizes of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent required by the composite temporary plugging construction of the target layer according to the sizes of the holes to be temporarily plugged and the Feret ratio of the underground holes. The invention fully considers the irregular characteristics of perforation holes and the influence effect of sand carrying liquid on the erosion effect of the underground perforation holes, effectively solves the optimization design problem of composite temporary plugging construction of temporary plugging balls and temporary plugging agents, and provides each temporary plugging material required by the composite temporary plugging construction with a more targeted design size, thereby providing technical support for the composite temporary plugging optimization design of perforation wells with different lithology and different well types.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a step diagram of a composite plugging parameter design method for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an initial size generation step in a composite plugging parameter design method for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an erosion dimension generation step in a composite plugging parameter design method for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a temporary plugging parameter generation step in the composite temporary plugging parameter design method for a perforated well according to the embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a composite plugging parameter design system for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
Fracture acidizing is a key technical means for effectively exploiting low-permeability tight reservoirs. With the increase of low-grade oil gas and the large-scale development of unconventional reservoirs such as shale gas and the like, the coverage rate of fracturing to the reservoir needs to be further increased to improve the yield increasing effect, so that the multistage and multi-cluster perforation fracturing and repeated fracturing become important reconstruction modes.
The temporary plugging process is necessary for fully realizing multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing and repeated fracturing. In the temporary plugging process, temporary plugging materials (temporary plugging balls, temporary plugging agents, fibers and the like) are pumped into working fluid to temporarily plug perforation holes or fracturing cracks of a fractured section, so that the fracturing fluid is enabled to enter other sections which are not modified in a diverting manner, the effects of increasing the fracture initiation efficiency and increasing the segmentation are achieved, and the utilization degree of a reservoir stratum is finally improved. The process has the advantages of flexible operation, simple process, no limitation of pipe column conditions and the like, and is widely applied to various large oil fields.
Due to the reasons that the shapes of perforation holes are irregular (influenced by eccentricity, burrs and the like), the sizes are difficult to predict (the erosion effect of sand carrying liquid on the perforation holes is not clear), and the like, single materials such as temporary plugging balls, temporary plugging agents, fibers and the like are difficult to effectively plug the perforation holes, and the temporary plugging effect is poor. The composite temporary plugging is a temporary plugging process implemented by combining multiple temporary plugging materials, and can exert the advantages of different temporary plugging materials so as to improve the plugging effect. For example, in the composite temporary plugging process of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent, the temporary plugging ball with larger size is used for plugging a main body of a hole, and the temporary plugging agent with smaller size is used for plugging a gap between the temporary plugging ball and the hole.
From the action principle of the temporary plugging process, the size selection of the temporary plugging material is a key parameter for scheme design. The composite temporary plugging adopts more than two temporary plugging materials, the design difficulty of size optimization is further increased, and in the prior art, an accurate and effective composite temporary plugging optimization design method is not available at present.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem that the prior art lacks a technical scheme for designing the sizes of various temporary plugging materials of a composite temporary plugging technology, a composite temporary plugging parameter design method and a composite temporary plugging parameter design system for a perforated well are provided. The method and the system firstly carry out size characteristic analysis on the perforation of the gun body completing the perforation of the target layer, and determine the average initial size and the average Feret ratio which represent the integral morphological characteristics of all the perforation of the gun body; then simulating the erosion process of the sand-carrying fluid in the fracturing process, and calculating the size of the hole to be temporarily plugged after erosion; and finally, calculating the sizes of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent required by the current composite temporary plugging construction according to the sizes of the holes to be temporarily plugged and the average Feret ratio. The invention fully considers the irregular characteristics of perforation holes and the erosion influence of sand carrying liquid on the perforation holes, effectively solves the optimization design problem of the composite temporary plugging parameters of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent, and can provide technical support for the composite temporary plugging optimization design of perforation wells with different lithology and different well types.
Fig. 1 is a step diagram of a composite plugging parameter design method for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application. The method for designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforated well (hereinafter referred to as "temporary plugging material dimension designing method") according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
First, before describing the specific process of the present invention, the technical principle of the method for designing the dimension of the temporary plugging material according to the present invention will be described. In practical application, in order to perform composite temporary plugging construction on a target layer, a perforation operation before fracturing construction is performed on the target layer before the composite temporary plugging construction, perforation is performed on the casing wall surface of the target layer through a perforation gun, so that a plurality of holes are formed in the wall surface, and the holes are initial holes of holes to be temporarily plugged (perforation holes) (the initial holes refer to the holes to be temporarily plugged with initial sizes and shapes before erosion), so that artificial fractures for communicating natural fractures of a reservoir stratum are generated at each casing wall hole. At the moment, each gun body eyelet left after the perforating gun performs perforating operation on the target layer has an initial eyelet with the size matched with that of the eyelet to be temporarily blocked on the wall surface of the casing and corresponds to the initial eyelet. Therefore, step S110 of the present invention is to determine the integral size characteristics of all the gun body perforations after performing the perforating operation on the target layer and thus to represent the initial size characteristics of all casing wall perforations in the downhole target layer, i.e., the initial size characteristics of the perforations to be temporarily blocked, by using the integral size characteristics of the gun body perforations after analyzing the sizes of the plurality of gun body perforations left in the gun body.
Then, after the downhole casing wall surface hole (i.e. the initial hole of the hole to be temporarily blocked) is formed, the downhole casing wall surface hole undergoes the erosion action of the fracturing working fluid in the subsequent fracturing construction process, so that after the whole fracturing construction is completed, the casing wall surface perforation of each target layer undergoes expansion change in the initial size form, and a real hole to be temporarily blocked after the erosion action is formed (the hole to be temporarily blocked is deformed from the initial hole to be temporarily blocked to the hole to be temporarily blocked after erosion, and the size of the hole to be temporarily blocked is different from that of the hole to be temporarily blocked). Therefore, step S120 of the present invention requires simulating the erosion process of the whole fracturing construction, and determining the size characteristics of all the holes on the casing wall surface in the downhole target layer after erosion. Then, referring to the irregular characteristic information representing the underground initial hole obtained in the step S110 and the erosion influence of the sand-carrying fluid representing the fracturing construction obtained in the step S120 on the perforation (initial) hole of the underground target layer, the step S130 carries out a refined quantitative design on the size of the temporary plugging ball and the size of the temporary plugging agent in the composite temporary plugging construction of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent.
Referring to fig. 1, step S110 performs a size characteristic analysis on the perforations of the gun body completing the perforation of the target layer, and obtains an average perforation size characterizing the integral morphology of all the perforations of the gun body and an average feret bit. That is, in step S110, it is necessary to perform a size characteristic analysis on a plurality of body perforations left in the perforating gun after the perforating operation is performed on the target zone, so as to obtain an average perforation size characterizing the integral size characteristics of the body perforations and an average feret bit characterizing the integral irregular shape characteristics of the body perforations, thereby indirectly representing the integral (initial) size characteristics and the integral (initial) irregular shape characteristics of all casing wall perforations in the downhole target zone before the erosion process.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an initial size generation step in a composite plugging parameter design method for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application. The initial dimension generating step in the temporary plugging material dimension designing method according to the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Step S201 performs feret diameter measurement on each gun body perforation related to the perforation operation of the target layer according to preset different directions, and determines the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter of each gun body perforation. The Ferrett diameter is defined as the distance between parallel lines of two borders of the perforation profile measured in a certain direction. When Ferrett diameter measurement is carried out on each gun body eyelet, a vernier caliper can be adopted to directly measure the distance between two boundary parallel lines of the outline of the eyelet in the corresponding direction according to the preset different directions of the eyelet, a plurality of groups of Ferrett diameter data are obtained (each group of data corresponds to one preset direction), and a group of diameter arrays are obtained for each gun body eyelet. In this way, the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter of the current frame hole can be directly determined from the group of diameter arrays corresponding to each frame hole, and the process proceeds to step S202.
Step S202 obtains the initial bore diameter of the gun eye and the feret bit of the gun eye for each gun body hole by using the single-bore-diameter calculation formula and the single-bore-feret-bit calculation formula, respectively, according to the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter of each gun body hole, and then the procedure proceeds to step S203. Wherein, the calculation formula of the single-hole aperture is expressed by the following expression:
wherein d isFmaxiRepresents the maximum Ferrett diameter of the ith gun body eyelet in mm; d is a radical ofFminiThe minimum Ferrett diameter of the ith gun body eyelet is expressed in mm; dpiDenotes the initial bore diameter in mm of the eye of the ith frame eye. Further, the above single-hole Feret's bit formula is expressed by the following expression:
RFi＝dFmini/dFmaxi (2)
wherein R isFiThe Firstb of the guneye of the ith gun body eyelet is shown, and the dimension is not changed.
Step S203, according to the initial bore diameters of the gun eyes of all the gun body eyelets, the average eyelet size is calculated by using the bore diameter integral characteristic calculation formula, and according to the gun eye Ferrett data of all the gun body eyelets, the average Ferrett is calculated by using the Ferrett integral characteristic calculation formula. Thus, the body bore integrity dimensional characteristics are characterized by an average bore size and the body bore integrity irregular morphology characteristics are characterized by an average Feret's ratio to indirectly characterize the integrity (initial) dimensional characteristics and integrity (initial) irregular morphology characteristics of all casing wall bores in the downhole formation of interest prior to the erosion process. Wherein, the above aperture integral characteristic calculation formula is expressed by the following expression:
wherein n istRepresents the total number of gun body eyelets in units of one; dpThe average bore size (average initial bore diameter) of all the gun body bores is expressed in mm. Further, the above-described overall fisherbit feature calculation formula is expressed by the following expression:
wherein R isFRepresenting the average feret bit of all the gun body apertures, dimensionless. In this way, the calculation of the average pore size and the average ferytit ratio characterizing all the pore global morphology features (morphology features including size features and irregular morphology features) is completed through the above steps S201 to S203, and at this time, step S110 is terminated and the process proceeds to step S120.
Step S120 is to simulate the erosion process of the sand-carrying fluid in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging construction by taking the average hole size as the initial hole diameter of the hole on the wall surface of the underground target layer casing based on the average hole size obtained in the step S110 through a ground erosion experiment, and determine the size of the hole on the wall surface of the underground target layer casing after erosion, namely obtain the hole diameter of the hole to be temporarily plugged after erosion, so that the simulation of the influence of the sand-carrying fluid on the erosion process of the perforation (initial) hole on the underground target layer during fracturing construction is completed.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an erosion dimension generation step in a composite plugging parameter design method for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application. The erosion dimension generation step in the temporary plugging material dimension design method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 3.
Step S301 obtains the erosion rate of the hole to be temporarily blocked in the target layer (which may also be understood as the average erosion rate of the working fluid injected into all the holes to be temporarily blocked in the target layer during the fracturing construction process) by using the erosion rate calculation formula according to the average hole size, which is obtained in step S110 and can be characterized as the integral initial pore diameter characteristic of the casing wall hole of the downhole target layer, and the fracturing construction displacement before temporary blocking construction, and then enters step S302. Wherein the erosion speed calculation formula is represented by the following expression:
wherein, V represents the erosion speed of the target layer at the position of the hole to be temporarily blocked, and the unit is m/s; q represents the fracturing construction displacement before temporary plugging and the unit is m3/min；ncThe total number of the holes to be temporarily blocked in the target layer is expressed in units.
Step S302, obtaining the erosion amount of the working fluid in the fracturing construction process through the ground erosion experiment by utilizing the sand-carrying fluid erosion model and the erosion speed obtained in the step S301, and then entering the step S303. The sand-carrying fluid erosion model is expressed by the following expression:
w＝16.67KVmt (6)
wherein w represents the erosion amount of the sand-carrying liquid to the wall surface hole of the casing in the fracturing construction process, and the unit is mm; K. m represents a constant coefficient relating to the erosion material (working fluid), preferably, m is in the range of 2 to 2.2; and t represents the fracturing construction time before temporary plugging, and the unit is min. In the embodiment of the invention, the erosion amount represents the aperture expansion variation of the casing wall surface hole under the action of the sand carrying liquid in the fracturing construction process, and can also be understood as an average value representing the aperture expansion variation of one casing wall surface hole under the action of the sand carrying liquid in the fracturing construction process.
And step S303, obtaining the diameter of the hole to be temporarily plugged after the erosion by using the calculation formula of the hole diameter after the erosion according to the erosion amount obtained in the step S302 in the fracturing construction process and the average hole size which is obtained in the step S110 and can represent the integral hole diameter characteristic of the initial hole of the target layer casing wall surface, and taking the diameter as the size of the hole of the target layer casing wall surface after the erosion. Wherein the post-erosion aperture calculation formula is expressed by the following expression:
dc＝dp+w (7)
wherein d iscThe unit is mm, which represents the diameter of the wall surface hole of the casing pipe after temporary plugging and erosion by the sand carrying liquid. In this way, the accurate estimation of the hole diameter of the target layer casing wall hole after the erosion is completed in the above steps S301 to S303, and at this time, step S120 is ended, and the process proceeds to step S130.
Step S130 obtains the sizes of the various temporary plugging materials required for performing composite temporary plugging on the target layer according to the size of the hole on the wall surface of the casing of the target layer after the erosion representing the erosion influence effect of the sand-carrying fluid for fracturing construction on the perforation (initial) hole of the target layer in the well obtained in step S120 and the average feret ratio representing the initial irregular characteristic of the hole on the wall surface of the casing in the well before the erosion obtained in step S110. It should be noted that, because the composite temporary plugging construction in the embodiment of the present invention preferably refers to construction in which the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent are used as temporary plugging materials, in step S130 of the present invention, accurate quantized size data of the temporary plugging ball and accurate quantized size data of the temporary plugging agent, which are required when the composite temporary plugging is performed on the current target layer, can be finally obtained.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a temporary plugging parameter generation step in the composite temporary plugging parameter design method for a perforated well according to the embodiment of the present application. The step of generating the temporary plugging parameter in the method for designing the size of the temporary plugging material according to the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 4.
Step 401 determines a first relation coefficient between the diameter of the temporary plugging ball and the diameter of the target layer casing wall surface hole through an indoor temporary plugging experiment, and then the step proceeds to step 402. Step S402 is to determine a second relation coefficient between the size of the temporary plugging agent and the current gap width through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball aperture and the target layer casing wall surface hole. Next, in step S403, the diameter of the temporary plugging ball is obtained by using the temporary plugging ball aperture calculation formula based on the casing wall surface hole size obtained in step S120 and the first relation coefficient obtained in step S401. Finally, the diameter of the temporary plugging agent is obtained by using the calculation formula of the aperture of the temporary plugging agent according to the size of the hole on the wall surface of the casing obtained in the step S120, the average Feret' S ratio obtained in the step S110, and the second relation coefficient obtained in the step S402.
Further, the temporary plugging ball aperture calculation formula and the temporary plugging agent aperture calculation formula are expressed by the following expressions, respectively:
dQ＝k1*dc (8)
dJ＝k2*(RF-1)dc (9)
wherein, dQThe diameter of the temporary plugging ball is expressed in mm; dJThe diameter of the temporary plugging agent is expressed in mm; k1 represents a first relation coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2; k2 represents a second relation coefficient, and k2 is in the range of 0.2 to 0.7. In this way, the temporary plugging agent diameter (pore diameter) and the temporary plugging ball diameter (pore diameter) obtained above are used to form the temporary plugging ball pore diameter size and the temporary plugging agent pore diameter size required for performing composite temporary plugging construction on the target layer, so that the composite temporary plugging parameter design process for the perforated well is completed through the above steps S401 to S404, and at this time, step S130 is ended.
In addition, since the aperture size of the temporary plugging ball and the aperture size of the temporary plugging agent obtained in steps S403 and S404 are both decimal, step S405 is included after step S404 in step S130 of the present invention to optimize the final size results obtained in steps S403 and S404, respectively. Specifically, step S405 optimizes the pore size data of the temporary plugging ball obtained in step S403 and the pore size data of the temporary plugging agent obtained in step S404 in combination with the production specifications of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent, so that the optimized pore size of the temporary plugging ball and the optimized pore size data of the temporary plugging agent are used as the final temporary plugging parameter design result.
For example, the composite temporary plugging parameter design method for the perforated well in the embodiment of the invention is applied to a Sichuan basin X well, and the specific implementation flow is as follows:
step A: taking 20 holes of a certain section of perforating gun which is output from an X well as an example, the maximum Feret diameter d of the gun body holes is measured one by one on siteFmaxiMinimum Ratt diameter dFminiCalculating the initial aperture d of each hole according to the formula (1) and the formula (2)piFeret bit RFiThe results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 perforating gun body perforation size statistical table
| i | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| dFmaxi | 9.4 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 8.5 |
| dFmini | 9 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 9 | 7.9 |
| dpi | 9.2 | 8.2 | 8.45 | 9.15 | 9 | 8.85 | 8.45 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.35 | 8.4 | 9.05 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 9 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 8.2 |
| RFi | 1.044 | 1.076 | 1.284 | 1.316 | 1.118 | 1.058 | 1.086 | 1.173 | 1.047 | 1.062 | 1.049 | 1.057 | 1.157 | 1.044 | 1.171 | 1.045 | 1.118 | 1.122 | 1.044 | 1.076 |
And B: initial pore diameter d of each hole obtained according to step 1piFeret bit RFiCalculating the average initial pore diameter d of the 20 gun body holes according to the formulas (3) and (4)p8.839mm, average Feret bit RFIs 1.113.
And C: average initial pore diameter d obtained according to step Bp8.839mm, and the fracturing construction displacement Q before temporary plugging is 10m3Min, number of perforations n of section to be temporarily blockedcThe erosion rate V at the perforations was calculated to be 37.724m/s according to equation (5) for 72 pieces.
Step D: c, obtaining an erosion speed V of 37.724m/s and an empirical constant K of 5.1 multiplied by 10 through erosion experiment fitting by combining the fracturing construction time t before temporary plugging of 80min-10And m is 2, and the hole erosion amount w in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging is calculated according to the formula (6) and is 3.484 mm.
Step E: average initial pore diameter d obtained according to step Bp8.839mm, the erosion amount w of the holes obtained in the step D is 3.484mm, and the diameter D of the holes on the wall surface of the sleeve after erosion is calculated according to the formula (7)c12.322 mm.
Step F: average Feret bit R obtained according to step BF1.113 casing wall hole diameter d obtained according to step Ec12.322mm, the diameter d of the temporary plugging ball required is calculated according to the formula (8)Q13.56-14.79 mm (13.5 mm +15mm is selected according to the specification of the temporary plugging ball), and the size d of the temporary plugging agent required by the formula (9)J0.28-0.97 mm (20/50 mesh is selected according to the specification of the screen, namely 0.3-0.9 mm).
The existing composite temporary plugging design method is applied to a 190-well section in a certain shale gas field in a Sichuan basin, the effective rate of temporary plugging reaches 83.9%, the amplification is increased by 30.2% compared with the early stage, and the application effect is obvious.
In addition, based on the composite temporary plugging parameter design method for the perforated well, the invention also provides a composite temporary plugging parameter design system for the perforated well (hereinafter referred to as a temporary plugging material size design system). FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a composite plugging parameter design system for a perforated well according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, the system for sizing a temporary plugging material according to the present invention comprises: an initial size generation module 51, an erosion size generation module 52, and a plugging parameter generation module 53.
The initial size generation module 51 is implemented according to the method described in step S110, and is configured to perform size characteristic analysis on the perforations of the gun body completing the perforation of the target layer, so as to obtain an average perforation size and an average feret bit representing the overall morphology characteristics of all the perforations. The erosion size generation module 52 is implemented according to the method described in the step S120, and is configured to simulate the erosion process of the sand-carrying fluid in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the current average hole size, and determine the size of the target layer casing wall surface hole after erosion. The temporary plugging parameter generating module 53 is implemented according to the method described in step S130, and is configured to obtain sizes of various temporary plugging materials required for performing composite temporary plugging on the target layer according to the casing wall surface hole size and the average feret ratio.
Further, the initial size generating module 51 includes: a diameter measurement unit 511, a single-hole analysis unit 512, and a gun-hole entire analysis unit 513. The diameter measuring unit 511 is implemented according to the method described in the above step S201, and is configured to perform the feret diameter measurement for each gun body perforation related to the perforating operation of the target zone according to preset different directions, and determine the maximum feret diameter and the minimum feret diameter of each gun body perforation. The single-bore analysis unit 512 is implemented as described in step S202 above and is configured to calculate the initial bore diameter and the ferter-to-bore ratio of each of the gun body apertures based on the maximum and minimum ferter-to-bore diameters of each of the gun body apertures. The bore ensemble analysis unit 513 is implemented as described above in step S203 and is configured to derive an average bore size and an average feret bit based on the initial bore diameter and the bore feret bit for each frame bore.
Further, the erosion size generating module 52 includes: an erosion speed calculation unit 521, an erosion amount simulation unit 522, and a post-erosion aperture calculation unit 523. The erosion speed calculation unit 521 is implemented according to the method described in the step S301, and is configured to calculate the erosion speed at the hole to be temporarily blocked in the target layer according to the average hole size representing the integral initial pore diameter characteristic of the hole in the casing wall surface of the target layer and the fracture construction displacement before temporary blocking. The erosion amount simulation unit 522 is implemented according to the method described in step S302, and is configured to obtain the erosion amount in the fracturing construction process from the erosion speed through a ground erosion test. The post-erosion aperture calculation unit 523 is implemented according to the method described in step S303, and is configured to obtain the diameter of the hole to be temporarily plugged after erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size.
Further, the temporary plugging parameter generating module 53 includes: a first coefficient determining unit 531, a second coefficient determining unit 532, a provisional spherical size calculating unit 533, and a provisional blocking agent size calculating unit 534. The first coefficient determining unit 531 is implemented according to the method described in step S401, and is configured to determine a first relation coefficient between the diameter of the temporary plugging ball and the diameter of the hole in the casing wall surface of the current target layer through an indoor temporary plugging experiment. The second coefficient determination unit 532, implemented in the method of step S402, is configured to determine a second coefficient of relationship between the size of the temporary plugging agent and the current gap width through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball and the target casing wall hole. The temporary plugging ball size calculating unit 533, which is implemented according to the method in step S403, is configured to obtain the diameter of the temporary plugging ball required by the current composite temporary plugging construction according to the casing wall hole size and the first relation coefficient. The temporary plugging agent size calculation unit 534 is implemented according to the method described in the step S404, and is configured to obtain the diameter of the temporary plugging agent required by the current composite temporary plugging construction according to the casing wall hole size, the average ferett ratio, and the second relation coefficient.
Further, in the temporary plugging ball size calculation unit 533 and the temporary plugging agent size calculation unit 534, the diameters of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent are calculated using the following expressions, respectively:
wherein d isQIndicates the diameter of the temporary blocking ball, dJThe diameter of the temporary plugging agent is shown, k1 represents a first relation coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2, k2 represents a second relation coefficient, k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7, dcIndicating the casing wall hole size, RFRepresenting the average feryt.
The invention discloses a composite temporary plugging optimization design method and a composite temporary plugging optimization design system for a perforated well. The method and the system make clear the initial size and the Feret ratio of the underground target layer perforation by the statistic analysis of the perforation of the well-outlet perforating gun body; then calculating the size of the hole to be temporarily plugged after erosion based on the sand-carrying fluid erosion simulation experiment; and finally, obtaining the sizes of the temporary plugging ball and the temporary plugging agent required by the composite temporary plugging construction of the target layer according to the sizes of the holes to be temporarily plugged and the Feret ratio of the underground holes. The invention fully considers the irregular characteristics of perforation holes and the influence effect of sand carrying liquid on the erosion effect of the underground perforation holes, effectively solves the optimization design problem of composite temporary plugging construction of temporary plugging balls and temporary plugging agents, and provides each temporary plugging material required by the composite temporary plugging construction with a more targeted design size, thereby providing technical support for the composite temporary plugging optimization design of perforation wells with different lithology and different well types.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the purpose of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of designing composite temporary plugging parameters for a perforated well, the method comprising:
an initial size generation step, namely performing size characteristic analysis on the perforations of the gun body completing the perforation of the target layer to obtain average perforation size and average Feret bit representing the integral morphological characteristics of all the perforations;
an erosion size generation step, namely simulating a sand-carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determining the size of the hole on the wall surface of the target layer casing pipe after erosion;
and a temporary plugging parameter generation step, namely obtaining the sizes of various temporary plugging materials required when the composite temporary plugging is carried out on the target layer according to the size of the wall surface hole of the sleeve and the average Feret ratio.
2. The composite temporary plugging parameter design method according to claim 1, wherein in said initial size generating step, comprising:
performing Ferrett diameter measurement on each gun body perforation related to the perforating operation of the target layer according to preset different directions, and determining the maximum Ferrett diameter and the minimum Ferrett diameter of each gun body perforation;
calculating the initial bore diameter and the Ferrett ratio of the gunshot of each gun body eyelet according to the maximum Ferrett diameter and the minimum Ferrett diameter;
and obtaining the average aperture size and the average Firet bit according to the initial bore diameter and the Firet bit of the gunshot.
3. The composite temporary plugging parameter design method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in said erosion dimension generating step, comprising:
calculating the erosion speed of the holes to be temporarily blocked in the target layer according to the average hole size representing the integral initial pore diameter characteristic of the holes in the wall surface of the sleeve of the target layer and the fracturing construction displacement before temporary blocking;
obtaining the erosion amount in the fracturing construction process according to the erosion speed through the ground erosion experiment;
and obtaining the diameter of the hole to be temporarily blocked after the erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size.
4. The composite temporary plugging parameter design method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the temporary plugging parameter generation step, the method comprises:
determining a first relation coefficient between the diameter of the temporary plugging ball and the diameter of the target layer casing wall surface hole through an indoor temporary plugging experiment;
determining a second relation coefficient between the size of the temporary plugging agent and the width of the gap through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the width of the gap between the temporary plugging ball and the wall surface hole of the target layer casing;
obtaining the diameter of the temporary plugging ball according to the size of the hole in the wall surface of the casing and the first relation coefficient;
and obtaining the diameter of the temporary plugging agent according to the size of the holes on the wall surface of the casing, the average Feret ratio and the second relation coefficient.
5. The composite temporary plugging parameter design method according to claim 4, wherein the diameters of said temporary plugging ball and said temporary plugging agent are calculated using the following expressions:
wherein d isQRepresents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, dJRepresents the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, k1 represents the first relational coefficient, k1 ranges from 1.1 to 1.2, k2 represents the second relational coefficient, k2 ranges from 0.2 to 0.7, dcIndicating the casing wall hole size, RFRepresenting the average Feret bit.
6. A composite temporary plugging parameter design system for a perforated well, the system comprising:
the initial size generation module is configured to perform size characteristic analysis on the holes of the gun body completing the perforation of the target layer to obtain an average hole size and an average Feret ratio which represent the integral morphological characteristics of all the holes;
the erosion size generation module is configured to simulate a sand-carrying fluid erosion process in the fracturing construction process before temporary plugging through a ground erosion experiment based on the average hole size, and determine the size of the hole on the wall surface of the target layer casing pipe after erosion;
and the temporary plugging parameter generation module is configured to obtain sizes of various temporary plugging materials required for carrying out composite temporary plugging on the target layer according to the size of the wall surface hole of the sleeve and the average Feret ratio.
7. The composite plugging parameter design system of claim 6, wherein said initial size generation module comprises:
a diameter measurement unit configured to perform Ferrett diameter measurement on each of the frame holes associated with the perforating operation of the target layer in different preset directions, and determine a maximum Ferrett diameter and a minimum Ferrett diameter of each of the frame holes;
a single-bore analysis unit configured to calculate an eye initial bore diameter and an eye Ferrett ratio for each of the frame apertures from the maximum Ferrett diameter and the minimum Ferrett diameter;
a gun bore ensemble analysis unit configured to derive the average aperture size and the average FireBt from the gun bore initial bore diameter and the gun bore FireBt.
8. The composite temporary plugging parameter design system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said erosion size generation module comprises:
the erosion speed calculation unit is configured to calculate the erosion speed of the target layer to-be-temporarily-blocked holes according to the average hole size representing the integral initial hole diameter characteristic of the target layer casing wall holes and the fracturing construction displacement before temporary blocking;
the erosion amount simulation unit is configured to obtain the erosion amount in the fracturing construction process according to the erosion speed through the ground erosion experiment;
and the post-erosion aperture calculation unit is configured to obtain the diameter of the to-be-temporarily-plugged hole after erosion according to the erosion amount and the average hole size.
9. The composite temporary plugging parameter design system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the temporary plugging parameter generation module comprises:
a first coefficient determining unit configured to determine a first relation coefficient between the diameter of the temporary plugging ball and the diameter of the target layer casing wall surface hole through an indoor temporary plugging experiment;
a second coefficient determination unit configured to determine a second relation coefficient between the size of the temporary plugging agent and the gap width through an indoor temporary plugging experiment based on the gap width between the temporary plugging ball and the target layer casing wall surface hole;
a temporary plugging ball size calculation unit configured to obtain a diameter of the temporary plugging ball according to the casing wall hole size and the first relation coefficient;
and the temporary plugging agent size calculation unit is configured to obtain the diameter of the temporary plugging agent according to the size of the hole in the wall surface of the casing, the average Feret bit and the second relation coefficient.
10. The composite temporary plugging parameter design system according to claim 9, wherein in said temporary plugging ball size calculation unit and said temporary plugging agent size calculation unit, the diameters of said temporary plugging ball and said temporary plugging agent are calculated using the following expressions, respectively:
wherein d isQRepresents the diameter of the temporary plugging ball, dJDenotes the diameter of the temporary plugging agent, k1Represents the first relation coefficient, k1 is in the range of 1.1-1.2, k2 represents the second relation coefficient, k2 is in the range of 0.2-0.7, dcIndicating the casing wall hole size, RFRepresenting the average Feret bit.
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