CN114525378B - Method for determining average carbon content of mixed scrap steel based on Consteel electric arc furnace - Google Patents
Method for determining average carbon content of mixed scrap steel based on Consteel electric arc furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the average carbon content of mixed scrap steel based on a Consteel electric arc furnace, belonging to the field of steel process flow smelting control. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, adding a certain amount of carbon balls into the furnace at one time through a bin at the beginning of smelting; adding mixed steel scraps consisting of different material types in the same batch into the furnace through a continuous preheating horizontal channel, wherein the steel scrap adding speed is constant; feeding power at the beginning of smelting, adding slag and supplying oxygen; spraying carbon powder into the furnace when smelting begins; and (4) carrying out component detection on the steel sample twice, and determining and verifying the average carbon content of the mixed steel scrap according to the component content. The method comprises the steps of determining the average carbon content of mixed steel scraps according to a first sampling result, forecasting and guiding the carbon content at the smelting end point of the furnace, verifying the effectiveness of the determined average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps of the same batch according to a secondary sampling result before tapping, and forecasting the carbon content of the next molten steel in a Consteel electric arc furnace for smelting by taking the mixed steel scraps of the same batch as iron-containing raw materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of smelting control of steel process flows, in particular to a method for determining the average carbon content of mixed scrap steel based on a Consteel electric arc furnace.
Background
The method for determining the average carbon content of the mixed scrap steel is very important, and is very favorable for reducing the cost of steel per ton by using a stable operation process of a full-scrap steel Consteel electric arc furnace.
In the smelting process of the full-scrap steel continuous horizontal charging electric arc furnace, because scrap steel of different material types is slowly added into the electric arc furnace through a horizontal preheating charging channel after being mixed, and foam slag is required to carry out submerged arc heating on electrodes in the smelting process, the smelting technology of whole-process oxygen supply and carbon distribution in the furnace is required to be adopted. If the average carbon content of mixed steel scraps of different material types in the same batch is determined, reasonable carbon distribution and efficient oxygen supply to a molten pool in the smelting process must be met, and if the oxygen supply amount, the oxygen supply mode, the carbon distribution amount and the carbon distribution mode are unreasonable, the problems of metal molten pool peroxidation or high carbon content in the molten pool and the like can be caused, so that the average carbon content of mixed steel scraps of different material types in the same batch cannot be accurately determined.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining the average carbon content of mixed scrap steel based on a Consteel electric arc furnace. The steel remaining amount in the furnace before smelting is started is more than 35 percent of the steel tapping amount, the steel remaining liquid has known components, the steel remaining temperature is more than 1570 ℃, and the physical heat in the furnace is sufficient. Firstly, a certain amount of carbon balls are added into a metal molten pool at one time when smelting starts, and the carbon balls are added within 3min after the smelting starts. Meanwhile, mixed steel scrap composed of different material types in the same batch is added into the furnace through the continuous preheating horizontal channel, the speed of adding the steel scrap is basically constant at 3.2t/min, power is supplied immediately when smelting is started, slag and oxygen are added, all slag is completely added within 18min, the oxygen is supplied by the furnace wall oxygen lance and the furnace door oxygen lance, the smelting process is reasonable and efficient, and the phenomenon of peroxidation of a metal molten pool is avoided. The carbon powder spraying speed is basically constant in the smelting process. In the whole smelting process, two times of steel samples are taken for component detection, the time for sampling once is 22-25min for smelting, and secondary sampling is carried out before tapping at the smelting end point. The method comprises the steps of determining the average carbon content of mixed steel scraps according to the components of molten steel sampled for the first time and the energy consumption condition, playing a role in forecasting and guiding the furnace end point carbon content, verifying the effectiveness of the determined average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps in the same batch according to secondary sampling and the energy consumption condition before steel tapping, and forecasting the carbon content of the next molten steel in a Consteel electric arc furnace for smelting by taking the mixed steel scraps in the same batch as iron-containing raw materials.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, a method for determining the average carbon content of mixed scrap steel based on a Consteel electric arc furnace is provided, wherein the Consteel electric arc furnace is a continuous horizontal charging electric arc furnace and is provided with a metal melting pool (all Consteel electric arc furnaces have steel retaining operation under the condition of continuous smelting production), a continuous preheating horizontal channel (inherent structure component of the Consteel electric arc furnace), a furnace wall oxygen gun (inherent structure component of the Consteel electric arc furnace), a furnace door carbon gun (inherent structure component of the Consteel electric arc furnace) and a furnace wall carbon gun (inherent structure component of the Consteel electric arc furnace), the method is characterized in that the smelting steel is plain carbon steel, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, adding a certain amount of carbon balls into a metal molten pool at one time at the beginning of smelting;
step 2: adding mixed steel scrap composed of different material types in the same batch into the furnace through a continuous preheating horizontal channel, wherein the steel scrap adding speed is constant;
and step 3: feeding power at the beginning of smelting, adding slag and supplying oxygen;
and 4, step 4: spraying carbon powder into the furnace when smelting begins;
and 5: and respectively carrying out component detection on the steel sample twice, and determining and verifying the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps according to the component content.
Further, before the step 1, the steel remaining quantity in the furnace before smelting is started is more than 35% of the steel tapping quantity, the steel liquid remaining component is known, and the physical heat in the furnace is sufficient. The steel remaining amount is more than 35 percent of the steel tapping amount, so that the steel remaining amount is enough, the physical heat of the steel remaining is sufficient, the electric energy input and the chemical heat input in the furnace can be reduced in the smelting process, and the effects of saving energy and reducing consumption can be achieved.
Further, the component of the retained molten steel is the terminal component of the last molten steel.
Further, in the step 1, the carbon balls are added at one time within 3min after the smelting is started. The purpose of adding carbon balls at one time when smelting is started is as follows: (1) The carbon content in the metal melting pool is low at the beginning of smelting, oxygen is supplied at the beginning of smelting, and in order to prevent the molten steel from being oxidized, carbon balls are required to be added at one time to rapidly and greatly carburete in the furnace; (2) Slag materials are added at the beginning of smelting, and the carbon balls are added at one time to generate violent oxidation reaction with oxygen blown into the furnace, so that a large amount of CO gas and chemical reaction heat are generated, and rapid slagging and foam slag making are facilitated to be buried in electric arcs for heating.
Further, in the step 3, all the slag materials are completely added within 18 min. The time can utilize the physical heat of a large amount of steel left in the early stage of smelting and a large amount of chemical heat generated by adding the carbon balls to quickly melt slag and form slag, is favorable for energy conservation and consumption reduction, and is favorable for stably blowing carbon powder and stably supplying oxygen to produce foam slag in the smelting process.
Furthermore, in the step 3, oxygen supply is completed by a furnace wall oxygen lance and a furnace door oxygen lance, so that oxygen is supplied reasonably and efficiently in the smelting process, and the phenomenon of peroxidation of a metal molten pool is avoided; oxygen lance oxygen supply flow can be finely adjusted according to the slag overflow condition of the furnace door opening.
Further, in the step 4, the carbon powder spraying rate is basically constant in the smelting process, and the carbon powder spraying is completed by a furnace door carbon gun and a furnace wall carbon gun.
Further, the step 5 specifically includes:
step 51: beginning to smelt for 22-25min, taking a steel sample for first component detection, and determining the average carbon content of the mixed scrap steel according to the first component detection result;
step 52: taking a steel sample before tapping at the smelting end point for secondary component detection, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the determined average carbon content of the mixed steel scrap of the same batch, and simultaneously forecasting the carbon content of a molten pool of the next molten steel of the same batch; and verifying the validity of the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps according to the second component detection result.
Here, the purpose of one sampling at 22-25min in step 51 is: (1) According to the operation steps, when smelting is started for 22-25min, a large amount of newly generated molten steel exists in a metal melting pool in the furnace, along with the rise of the molten steel level in the furnace, a steel sample is taken for component detection at 22-25min, so that molten steel components with uniform components can be obtained, and the detection result of the molten steel components is more real and reliable; (2) The whole smelting time is 35-40min, the time interval between the primary sampling and the secondary sampling cannot be too short, the time interval is too short and is not enough, and enough time is reserved between the primary sampling and the secondary sampling at the smelting end point; (3) The average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps is determined according to the molten steel components and the energy consumption condition of the first sampling, and the function of forecasting and guiding the furnace end point carbon content is achieved.
Further, in the step 51, determining the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps according to the first component detection result is implemented according to the following formula:
wherein:
M scrap Steel 1 The amount of scrap steel, kg, added from the beginning of smelting to the first sampling;
[％C scrap steel ]-average carbon content,%, of mixed scrap;
M carbon sphere -the amount of carbon spheres added, kg;
M carbon powder 1 The amount of the carbon powder added from the beginning of smelting to the first sampling period is kg;
M retained steel -leaving the mass of steel in kg;
[％C retained steel ]-residual steel carbon content,%;
[％C sample 1 ]-sampling carbon content,%;
Δ 1 O 2 -oxygen consumption, nm, from the start of the smelting to the sampling 3 ；
f-Metal yield,%;
Principle of formula (1): during the time period from the beginning of smelting to the first component detection of the steel sample, according to the change of the carbon mass in the electric furnace and the oxygen consumption, in combination with the oxidation reaction of carbon, an equality relation is established, and the unknown [% C is obtained by solving Scrap steel ]-average carbon content of mixed scrap,%.
Further, in the step 52, the tapping temperature at the smelting end point is as follows: t is more than 1580 ℃.
Further, in the step 52, verifying validity of the average carbon content of the mixed steel scrap according to the second component detection result is realized according to the following formula:
wherein:
M scrap Steel 1 -the amount of scrap steel, kg, added from the start of the smelting to the time of one sampling;
[％C scrap steel ]-average carbon content,%, of mixed scrap;
M retained steel -leaving the mass of steel in kg;
[％C sample 1 ]-sampling carbon content,%;
M scrap Steel 2 -the amount of scrap steel added during the period from the first sampling to the second sampling, kg;
M carbon powder 2 -the amount of carbon powder added during the period from the first sampling to the second sampling, kg;
[％C sample 2 ]-carbon content of secondary sample,%;
Δ 2 O 2 -oxygen consumption, nm, from one sample to two samples 3 ；
f-metal yield,%;
Principle of equation (2): during the time period from the first component detection to the second component detection, according to the change of carbon quality and oxygen consumption in the electric furnace and the oxidation reaction of carbon, an equality relation is established, and the unknown [% C ] is obtained by solving Scrap steel ]-average carbon content,%, of mixed scrap;
equivalent to calculating twice [% C Scrap steel ]Equation (1)) The method is characterized in that an equality relation is established and solved by using the oxygen consumption and the mass change of carbon in a furnace in the first half of smelting (from smelting to first sampling), the equality relation is established and solved by using the oxygen consumption and the mass change of the carbon in the furnace in the second half of smelting (from first sampling to second sampling), and the calculation results obtained by two times of calculation are basically consistent (the following specific implementation mode shows that the difference of the calculation results of the two times is about 0.003 percent), so that the method for determining the average carbon content of the mixed scrap steel is established.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The method is simple and convenient to operate and easy to master, under the conditions of efficient oxygen supply and reasonable carbon distribution, the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps is determined according to the molten steel components and energy consumption conditions of the first sampling, and then the effectiveness of the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps of the same batch is verified according to the secondary sampling before tapping.
(2) The method is favorable for carrying out high-efficiency control on the steelmaking process of the electric arc furnace by using the mixed steel scraps of the same batch with known average carbon content as the iron-containing raw materials through determining the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps of different material types, improves the control level of the carbon content at the smelting end point of the electric arc furnace, and can forecast the molten pool carbon content of the next molten steel smelted by using the mixed steel scraps of the same batch with known average carbon content.
(3) The method can determine the average carbon content of mixed scrap steel with different material types in the same batch under the condition of not influencing normal production and energy consumption of the electric arc furnace, reduce the addition amount of alloy after the furnace and effectively reduce the cost of steel per ton.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a method for determining the average carbon content of mixed scrap steel based on a Consteel electric arc furnace, which specifically comprises the following steps: the electric arc furnace is the reinforced formula electric arc furnace of continuous level, and mixed steel scrap comprises the different material types of same batch, and even cloth on the passageway is preheated to the mixed steel scrap in the reinforced level in succession, adds steel scrap speed invariable basically, spouts carbon dust speed invariable basically among the smelting process, and oxygen suppliment is operated rationally high-efficient, ensures to insufflate the high-efficient decarbonization of oxygen, avoids the molten metal bath peroxide phenomenon to appear. And in the smelting process of each furnace, two times of steel samples are taken for component detection, wherein one time of sampling is carried out when smelting is started for 22-25 minutes, and two times of sampling are carried out before end point tapping. The average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps is determined according to the components of the molten steel sampled for the first time and the energy consumption condition, the function of forecasting and guiding the furnace end point carbon content is achieved, the effectiveness of the determined average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps in the same batch is verified according to the secondary sampling and the energy consumption condition before steel tapping, and meanwhile, the carbon content of a molten pool of the next molten steel in the same batch can be forecasted.
The raw materials used for steelmaking of an electric arc furnace are mixed scrap steel, and the carbon content of the mixed scrap steel with different material types is unknown, so that the control effect of the smelting end point of the electric arc furnace is unsatisfactory, and the forecasting difficulty of the components of the smelting end point is high. The invention controls the oxygen supply flow of the furnace door and the furnace wall oxygen lance by reasonably distributing carbon, determines the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps of different material types in the same batch by sampling twice in the smelting process, the mixed steel scraps in the same batch can be continuously smelted for a plurality of times, and the Consteel arc furnace is continuously filled with the mixed steel scraps of the same batch with known average carbon content for smelting, thereby being beneficial to guiding the oxygen supply operation in the smelting process, improving the carbon content control level of the smelting end point molten steel and avoiding the molten steel peroxidation.
Example 1
Leaving 45.8 tons of steel in the furnace and leaving steel [ C ]]:0.120 percent, the steel-remaining temperature is 1575 ℃, 300kg of carbon balls are added at the beginning of smelting, the speed of adding scrap steel is constant at 3.2t/min, the first sampling time is 23.6min for beginning smelting, and a steel sample [ C ] is taken for the first time]:0.217%, the second sampling time was 36.5min, and the steel sample [ C ] was taken for the second time]:0.117 percent, the steel tapping amount is 88.5t, the total consumption of slag charge is 39.76kg/t, and the oxygen consumption is 35.06Nm 3 And t, the tapping temperature is 1583 ℃.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) After the last furnace EBT finishes tapping, steel remained in the furnace is more than 35 percent of the tapping quantity, M Retained steel The content of steel liquid remaining is the last furnace steel smelting end point content, =45.8 tons％C Retained steel ]=0.12%, leaving steel at 1575 ℃;
(2) Firstly, adding M into a metal molten pool at one time at the beginning of smelting Carbon ball And (5) increasing the carbon content of a molten pool by 300kg, finishing adding carbon balls within 3min after starting smelting, and spraying carbon powder into the furnace while adding the carbon balls.
(3) And adding mixed steel scrap consisting of different material types in the same batch into the furnace through a continuous preheating horizontal channel, wherein the steel scrap adding speed is constant at 3.2t/min.
(4) When smelting begins, power is supplied, slag charge and oxygen supply are carried out, all slag charges are completely charged within 18min, the oxygen supply is completed by a furnace wall oxygen lance and a furnace door oxygen lance, and the smelting process is reasonable and efficient. Wherein the oxygen supply flow of the furnace door oxygen lance is 3100Nm 3 ·h -1 (35Nm 3 ·h -1 ·t -1 ) The oxygen supply flow of the furnace wall oxygen lance is 2000Nm 3 ·h -1 (23Nm 3 ·h -1 ·t -1 ) And the phenomenon of over oxidation of the molten metal pool is avoided. The oxygen supply flow of the oxygen lance can be finely adjusted according to the slag overflow condition at the furnace door, and the oxygen supply flow of the furnace door oxygen lance and the furnace wall oxygen lance can be adjusted within the variation range of +/-500 Nm 3 ·h -1 (6Nm 3 ·h -1 ·t -1 ) And the total sum of the oxygen supply flow of the furnace door oxygen lance and the furnace wall oxygen lance is required to be kept unchanged all the time during adjustment.
(5) The carbon powder spraying speed is basically constant in the smelting process, and the average speed is 45kg/min. The carbon powder spraying is completed by a furnace door carbon gun and two furnace wall carbon guns, wherein the carbon powder spraying speed of the furnace door carbon gun is 18kg/min, and the carbon powder spraying speed of the two furnace wall carbon guns is 13.5kg/min.
(6) Beginning to smelt for 23.6min, taking a steel sample for component detection, and taking the steel sample [% C ] for the first time Sample 1 ]＝0.217％。
(7) Determining the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps:
wherein:
M scrap Steel 1 =3.2 × 23.6 × 1000=75520kg, from the beginning of the smeltingThe amount of scrap added during the subsampling period;
M carbon sphere =300kg, which is the adding amount of carbon spheres;
M carbon powder 1 =23.6 x 45=1062kg, which is the amount of carbon powder added from the beginning of smelting to the sampling;
M retained steel =45.8 x 1000 45800kg, for retained steel mass;
[％C retained steel ]=0.12% for retained steel carbon content;
[％C sample 1 ]=0.217% as the carbon content of the primary sample;
Δ 1 O 2 ＝23.6/60*5100＝2006Nm 3 oxygen consumption from the beginning of smelting to the first sampling period;
f, taking 0.9 as the metal yield;
substitution formula (1) to [% C Scrap steel ]＝0.715％；
(8) The method for verifying the effectiveness of the determined average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps of the same batch according to secondary sampling before tapping comprises the following steps:
M scrap Steel 2 (36.5-23.6) = 1000) =41280kg, is the amount of scrap steel added from one sampling to two sampling;
M carbon powder 2 = (36.5-23.6) × 45=580.5kg, is the amount of carbon powder added from one sampling to two sampling;
[％C sample 1 ]=0.217% as the carbon content of the primary sample;
M scrap Steel 1 =3.2 x 23.6 x 1000=75520kg, amount of scrap steel added from start of smelting to one sampling;
M retained steel =45.8 x 1000 45800kg, for retained steel mass;
[％C sample 2 ]=0.117% for subsampled carbon content;
Δ 2 O 2 ＝(36.5-23.6)/60*5100＝1096.5Nm 3 oxygen consumption from the first sampling to the second sampling;
f, taking 0.9 as the metal yield;
substitution formula (2) to get [% C Scrap steel ]＝0.712％；
The average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps with different material types and compositions in the batch is determined to be 0.71 percent.
Example 2
This heat was the next heat next to example 1, leaving 48.3t of steel in the furnace, leaving steel [ C ]]0.117 percent, the steel temperature is 1573 ℃, 300kg of carbon balls are added when the smelting is started, the speed of adding the waste steel is constant at 3.2t/min, the first sampling time is 24.1min when the smelting is started, and a steel sample [ C ] is taken for the first time]:0.209%, the second sampling time was 37.9min, and the steel sample [ C ] was taken for the second time]:0.111 percent, the steel tapping amount is 88.7t, the total consumption of slag charge is 40.59kg/t, and the oxygen consumption is 36.32Nm 3 And t, the tapping temperature is 1588 ℃.
M Scrap Steel 1 = 24.1X 3.2X 1000 77120kg, amount of scrap steel added from beginning of smelting to one sampling period；
[％C Scrap steel ]=0.71%, which is the average carbon content of mixed scrap steel of different material types in the same batch and is determined by the last furnace;
M carbon ball =300kg, which is the addition amount of carbon spheres;
M carbon powder 1 =24.1 × 45=1084.5kg, which is the amount of carbon powder added from the beginning of smelting to the time of one sampling;
M retained steel =48.3 × 1000=48300kg, in terms of retained steel mass;
[％C retained steel ]=0.117% as carbon content of the retained steel;
Δ 1 O 2 ＝24.1/60*5100＝2048.5Nm 3 oxygen consumption from the beginning of smelting to the first sampling period;
f, taking 0.9 as the metal yield;
substitution formula (1) to get [% C Sample 1 ]=0.206%, compared with the actual first sampling of steel sample [% C Sample 1 ]And the carbon content of the molten pool of the adjacent heat of the electric furnace for smelting by using the same batch of mixed scrap as the iron-containing raw material can be effectively predicted under the condition that the carbon content of the mixed scrap is known.
M Scrap Steel 2 (iv) =3.2 (37.9-24.1) = 1000 44160kg, the amount of scrap steel added from one sampling to two sampling;
[％C scrap steel ]=0.71%, which is the average carbon content of mixed scrap steel of different material types in the same batch;
M carbon powder 2 = (37.9-24.1) × 45=621kg, is the amount of carbon powder added during one sampling to two samplings;
[％C sample 1 ]=0.209% for once-sampled carbon content;
M scrap Steel 1 =24.1 × 3.2 × 1000=77120kg, the amount of scrap steel added from the beginning of smelting to the time of one sampling;
M retained steel =48300kg, for retained steel mass;
Δ 2 O 2 ＝(37.9-24.1)/60*5100＝1173Nm 3 oxygen consumption from the first sampling to the second sampling;
f, taking 0.9 as the metal yield;
substitution formula (2) to [% C Sample 2 ]=0.108% and the second time of actually taking steel sample [% C Sample 2 ]And the carbon content of the mixed steel scrap is basically consistent with that of the 0.111 percent, so that the carbon content of a molten pool of an adjacent heat of an electric furnace for smelting by using the same batch of mixed steel scrap as the iron-containing raw material can be effectively predicted under the condition that the carbon content of the mixed steel scrap is known.
Example 3
Steel remained in the furnace for 50.7 tons and steel remained in the furnace for [ C ]]:0.107 percent, the steel remaining temperature is 1573 ℃, 300kg of carbon balls are added when the smelting is started, the scrap steel adding speed is constant at 3.2t/min, the first sampling time is 24.5min when the smelting is started, and a steel sample [ C ] is taken for the first time]:0.239%, the second sampling time is 37.8min, and the steel sample [ C ] is taken for the second time]:0.152 percent, the steel tapping amount is 87.9t, the total slag charge consumption is 40.96kg/t, the oxygen consumption is 36.55Nm 3 T, the tapping temperature is 1589 ℃. The average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps with different material types of the batch determined by one-time sampling calculation is 0.774 percentThe secondary sampling before steel testing verifies that the determined average carbon content of the mixed steel scrap of the same batch is 0.771%. The average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps with different material types and compositions of the batch is determined to be 0.77 percent.
Example 4
The heat is next to that of example 3, 47.6t of steel is left in the furnace, and [ C ] is left]0.152 percent, the steel-remaining temperature is 1577 ℃, 300kg of carbon balls are added when smelting is started, the steel scrap adding speed is constant at 3.2t/min, the average carbon content of mixed steel scrap in the same batch is 0.77 percent, the first sampling time is 24.7min when smelting is started, and the first actual steel sample is detected to obtain the value [ C]:0.259%, calculated according to the known conditions substituting into equation (1) [% C Sample 1 ]=0.256%, the second sampling time was 38.5min, and the second actual sampling of the steel sample [ C = C%]:0.166 percent, the steel tapping amount is 88.7t, the total slag charge consumption is 40.59kg/t, the oxygen consumption is 36.89Nm 3 And t, the tapping temperature is 1586 ℃. Calculated as [% C by substituting equation (2) according to known conditions Sample 2 ]And =0.163%, the carbon content of the molten steel actually sampled twice is basically consistent with the carbon content of the molten steel calculated according to the known conditions and respectively substituted into the formula (1) and the formula (2), which indicates that under the condition of the known carbon content of the mixed scrap steel, the carbon content of a molten pool of an adjacent furnace of an electric furnace for smelting by using the same batch of mixed scrap steel as the iron-containing raw material can be effectively predicted.
Example 5
Leaving 40.3 tons of steel in the furnace and leaving steel [ C ]]:0.139 percent, the steel remaining temperature is 1571 ℃, 300kg of carbon balls are added at the beginning of smelting, the speed of adding scrap steel is constant at 3.2t/min, the first sampling time is 23.3min of beginning smelting, and a steel sample [ C ] is taken for the first time]:0.207%, the second sampling time is 35.2min, and the steel sample [ C ] is taken for the second time]:0.102 percent, the steel tapping amount is 88.2t, the total slag charge consumption is 40.82kg/t, and the oxygen consumption is 33.92Nm 3 And t, the tapping temperature is 1589 ℃. The average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps with different material types of the batch is determined to be 0.681% according to the primary sampling calculation, and the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps with different material types of the batch is determined to be 0.68% according to the secondary sampling verification before tapping, wherein the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps with different material types of the batch is determined to be 0.678%.
Example 6
This heat was the next heat next to example 5, leaving 43.9t of steel in the furnace and leaving steel [ C ]]0.102 percent, the steel-remaining temperature is 1579 ℃, 300kg of carbon balls are added when smelting is started, the steel scrap adding speed is constant at 3.2t/min, the average carbon content of mixed steel scrap in the same batch is 0.68 percent, the first sampling time is 24.3min when smelting is started, and the first actual steel sample is detected to obtain [ C [, C ]]:0.183%, calculated [% C) according to the known conditions substituting into equation (1) Sample 1 ]=0.179%, the second sampling time is 38.1min, and the steel sample [ C ] is actually taken for the second time]:0.081 percent, the steel tapping amount of 88.7t, the total slag charge consumption of 40.59kg/t and the oxygen consumption of 36.51Nm 3 T, the tapping temperature is 1586 ℃. Substituting equation (2) to calculate [% C Sample 2 ]And =0.078%, the carbon content of the molten steel actually sampled twice is basically consistent with the carbon content of the molten steel calculated according to the known conditions and respectively substituted into the formula (1) and the formula (2), which indicates that the carbon content of a molten pool in an adjacent furnace of an electric furnace for smelting by using the same batch of mixed scrap as a ferrous raw material can be effectively predicted under the condition of the known carbon content of the mixed scrap.
Therefore, the method has the advantages of simple process flow and convenient operation, and can effectively determine the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps of the same batch and different material types.
While embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for determining the average carbon content of mixed scrap based on a Consteel electric arc furnace having a continuous preheating horizontal passageway, a furnace wall oxygen lance, a furnace door carbon lance and a furnace wall carbon lance, wherein the steel being smelted is plain carbon steel, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: firstly, adding a certain amount of carbon balls into the furnace at one time through a bin at the beginning of smelting;
and 2, step: adding mixed steel scrap composed of different material types in the same batch into the furnace through a continuous preheating horizontal channel, wherein the steel scrap adding speed is constant;
and step 3: feeding power at the beginning of smelting, adding slag and supplying oxygen;
and 4, step 4: spraying carbon powder into the furnace when smelting begins;
and 5: respectively carrying out component detection on the steel sample twice, determining and verifying the average carbon content of the mixed steel scrap according to the component content,
wherein, the step 5 specifically comprises:
step 51: beginning to smelt for 22-25min, taking a steel sample for first component detection, and determining the average carbon content of the mixed scrap steel according to the first component detection result;
step 52: taking a steel sample before tapping at the smelting end point for secondary component detection, verifying the validity of the average carbon content of the mixed steel scrap according to the secondary component detection result,
in the step 51, the determination of the average carbon content of the mixed steel scraps according to the first component detection result is realized according to the following formula:
wherein:
M scrap Steel 1 -the amount of scrap steel, kg, added from the start of the smelting to the time of one sampling;
[％C scrap steel ]-average carbon content of mixed scrap,%;
M carbon sphere -the amount of carbon spheres added, kg;
M carbon powder 1 -the amount of carbon powder, kg, added from the start of the smelting to the time of one sampling;
M retained steel -leaving the mass of steel in kg;
[％C retained steel ]-residual steel carbon content,%;
[％C sample 1 ]-sampling carbon content,%;
Δ 1 O 2 ——oxygen consumption, nm, during the period from the start of smelting to the first sampling 3 ；
f-metal yield,%;
In the step 52, verifying the validity of the average carbon content of the mixed steel scrap according to the second component detection result is realized according to the following formula:
wherein:
M scrap Steel 1 The amount of scrap steel, kg, added from the beginning of smelting to the first sampling;
[％C scrap steel ]-average carbon content,%, of mixed scrap;
M retained steel -leaving the mass of steel in kg;
[％C sample 1 ]-sampling carbon content,%;
M scrap Steel 2 -the amount of scrap steel, kg, added during the period from the primary sampling to the secondary sampling;
M carbon powder 2 -the amount of carbon powder added during the period from the first sampling to the second sampling, kg;
[％C sample 2 ]-carbon content of secondary sample,%;
Δ 2 O 2 -oxygen consumption, nm, from one sample to two samples 3 ；
f-metal yield,%;
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of steel left in the furnace before the start of the smelting is more than 35% of the steel tapping amount, the composition of the molten steel is known, and the physical heat in the furnace is sufficient before the step 1.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the carbon balls are added at one time within 3min from the beginning of smelting.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, all the slag is added within 18 min.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, oxygen supply is completed by a furnace wall oxygen lance and a furnace door oxygen lance, and oxygen supply is reasonably and efficiently carried out in the smelting process, so that the phenomenon of peroxidation of a metal molten pool is avoided; oxygen lance oxygen supply flow can be finely adjusted according to the slag overflow condition of the furnace door opening.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the carbon powder spraying rate is basically constant during the smelting process, and the carbon powder spraying is completed by a furnace door carbon gun and a furnace wall carbon gun.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 52, the tapping temperature at the smelting end point is: t is more than 1580 ℃.
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| JPS60181216A (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1985-09-14 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Method for controlling refining of molten steel |
| JPH02185913A (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1990-07-20 | Nkk Corp | Method for melting direct reduction iron |
| KR101504280B1 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-03-19 | 동국제강주식회사 | METHODE OF FeO PREDICTION FOR MOLTEN SLAG IN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE |
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| JPS60181216A (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1985-09-14 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Method for controlling refining of molten steel |
| JPH02185913A (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1990-07-20 | Nkk Corp | Method for melting direct reduction iron |
| KR101504280B1 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-03-19 | 동국제강주식회사 | METHODE OF FeO PREDICTION FOR MOLTEN SLAG IN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE |
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