CN114523185A - Vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for thick high-alloy plate blank - Google Patents
Vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for thick high-alloy plate blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN114523185A CN114523185A CN202210133157.6A CN202210133157A CN114523185A CN 114523185 A CN114523185 A CN 114523185A CN 202210133157 A CN202210133157 A CN 202210133157A CN 114523185 A CN114523185 A CN 114523185A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxides Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/04—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a rolling mill
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of thick plate welding, and particularly relates to a vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for a high-alloy thick plate blank, which comprises the following steps of: processing a high-alloy casting blank and a rectangular ring; combining casting blanks; carrying out vacuum packaging; heating and compounding a casting blank; and heating and rolling the casting blank. The invention adopts the vacuum diffusion welding process to realize the welding of the high alloy composite steel billet, does not need expensive vacuum welding equipment, combines the welding and the post-preheating heating procedures, reduces the cost, reduces the production procedures and improves the production efficiency; the periphery of the composite surface of the casting blank is supported by the rectangular rings made of the same material, so that the contact area between the casting blanks is greatly reduced, the contact pressure of the casting blanks to the rectangular blanks is improved, the joint contact and the diffusion connection of the interfaces between the casting blanks and the rectangular rings are promoted, the purpose of sealing and welding the edges of the casting blanks is realized, and the metal yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thick plate welding, and particularly relates to a vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for a high-alloy thick plate blank.
Background
The composite manufacture of thick steel plate welded billet usually closes the peripheral joint of two or more billets with clean joint surfaces by electron beam welding in a vacuum chamber. For the production of welding composite steel billets with higher strength and high alloy, because the carbon equivalent of the steel component design is high, the possibility of welding cold cracks existing in a direct welding seam and a heat affected zone without preheating exists. At present, two welding production processes of high alloy composite steel billets are available: the other is that the composite casting blank is preheated before welding and then welded by vacuum electron beams, and the preheating before welding and the heat treatment after welding are needed to be added to avoid the generation of cold cracks in a welding seam and a heat affected zone of the vacuum electron beams and ensure the welding quality of the welded composite blank. The other process is to weld a steel plate or deposited metal with low carbon steel components around the joint surface of the billet with higher strength and high alloy, combine the billet on the opposite surfaces after the joint surface is processed, leveled and cleaned, and perform vacuum electron beam welding without preheating. Because the welding fusion part is transformed into welding between low-carbon low-alloy component metals, preheating is not needed, and a vacuum heating furnace is also not needed. The two processes have long processing flow and low production efficiency, and simultaneously require expensive vacuum welding equipment. In addition to the two processes needing mechanical implementation of a conventional assembly blank turning machine, a vacuum electron beam welding machine and the like, the first process needs to add a vacuum heating furnace; although the second process does not need a vacuum heating furnace, the metal yield of the actual steel plate may be reduced due to the introduction of the dissimilar metal in the welding transition region and considering that the part does not conform to the main component of the steel and needs to be cut off.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for a high-alloy thick plate blank, aiming at simplifying the hybrid production process of high-alloy steel billets, reducing the equipment purchasing and operating cost and improving the metal yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for a high-alloy thick plate blank specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) processing a high-alloy casting blank and a rectangular ring: the chemical components of the high-alloy casting blank and the rectangular ring are the same, the surface of the casting blank and the two surfaces of the rectangular ring are processed to be smooth, and the appearance processing size is basically equivalent.
(2) Combining casting blanks: the surfaces of two cleaned casting blanks are combined face to face, rectangular rings are arranged between the casting blanks at intervals, and the casting blanks are aligned with the rectangular rings in shape and size.
(3) And (3) vacuum packaging: the combined casting blank is placed in a steel box, the inner size of the steel box is slightly larger than the external size of the combined casting blank, the combined casting blank is placed in the steel box and then is vacuumized, welded and sealed, a steel plate for manufacturing the steel box and a welding seam of the steel box are subjected to flaw detection and leak detection, and the thickness of the steel plate and the welding seam are subject to no leak after being heated at a set temperature and for a set time.
(4) Heating and compounding a casting blank: and (3) placing the welded steel box coated with the casting blank combination into a heating furnace for heating, discharging the steel box from the furnace for cooling after the heating is carried out for a while, and disassembling the casting blank.
(5) Heating and rolling a casting blank: heating the composite casting blank, discharging the casting blank from a furnace, descaling, and roughly rolling to obtain an intermediate blank; and after the rolling in the rough rolling stage is finished, the rolling in the finish rolling stage is carried out, namely the composite welding is finished.
Furthermore, in the step (1), the thickness of the rectangular ring is 4-10mm, and the width of the rectangular ring is 20-50 mm.
Furthermore, in the step (1), the processed casting blank and the rectangular ring have surface smoothness of 5-9 grades, are smooth and clean after being cleaned, and have no oil stain, moisture, dust, oxides or iron scrap impurities.
Further, in the step (3), after the combined casting blank is placed into a steel box, the vacuum degree is kept at 10-2Welding and sealing below Pa.
Further, in the step (4), the heating temperature is 900-.
Further, in the step (5), the heating temperature of the composite casting blank is 1150-.
Further, in the step (5), the rolling temperature after descaling is 1100-1150 ℃.
Further, in the step (5), the thickness of the intermediate blank is not less than 1.4 times of that of the finished product, and the large reduction rate of more than 15% in three continuous passes is at least ensured.
Further, in the step (5), after the rolling in the rough rolling stage is completed, the temperature of the intermediate billet is kept to 150-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the vacuum diffusion welding process to realize the welding of the high alloy composite steel billet, does not need expensive vacuum welding equipment, combines the post-heating procedures of welding and preheating, saves the purchasing and operating costs of the expensive vacuum welding equipment, reduces the production procedures and improves the production efficiency; the periphery of the composite surface of the casting blank is supported by the rectangular rings made of the same material, so that the contact area between the casting blanks is greatly reduced, the contact pressure of the casting blanks to the rectangular blanks is improved, the joint contact and the diffusion connection of the interfaces between the casting blanks and the rectangular rings are promoted, the purpose of sealing and welding the edges of the casting blanks is realized, the introduction of heterogeneous welding materials is avoided, and the metal yield is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rectangular ring of embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for a high-alloy thick plate blank specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) processing a high-alloy casting blank and a rectangular ring: the chemical components of the high-alloy casting blank and the rectangular ring are the same, the specific smelting components are shown in table 1, and the surface of the casting blank and the surface of the rectangular ring are processed to be smooth. The size of a casting blank is 2600mm, the width is 2200mm, the thickness is 300mm, and the external machining size is 2590 × 2111 × 296 mm; the rectangular ring also has the external dimensions of 2590 x 2111mm, the thickness of 6mm and the width of 30mm, and the structural schematic diagram of the rectangular ring is shown in figure 1. The surface finish of the processed casting blank and the rectangular ring is 6 grades, and the finished casting blank and the rectangular ring are smooth and clean after being cleaned, and have no impurities such as oil stain, moisture, dust, oxides, scrap iron and the like.
TABLE 1 stock smelt composition (%)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Alt |
| 0.45 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.011 | 0.005 | 0.027 |
(2) Combining casting blanks: the surfaces of two cleaned casting blanks are combined face to face, rectangular rings are arranged between the casting blanks at intervals, and the casting blanks are aligned with the rectangular rings in shape and size.
(3) And (3) vacuum packaging: placing the combined casting blank in a steel box, wherein the internal size of the steel box is slightly larger than the external size of the combined casting blank, vacuumizing the combined casting blank after the combined casting blank is placed in the steel box, and keeping the vacuum degree at 10-2Welding below Pa, making 12mm steel plate of steel box and welding seam of steel box have to be detected by flaw and leakage, addingAnd the cracking and the leakage are avoided after the heating.
(4) Heating and compounding a casting blank: and (3) placing the steel box containing the combined casting blank into a heating furnace for heating at 1000 ℃ for 1h, and discharging the steel box after heating for the time, cooling and then disassembling the composite steel blank.
(5) Heating and rolling a casting blank: heating the composite casting blank at 1110 ℃ for 16 hours; the tapping temperature is 1170 ℃; after the casting blank is discharged from the furnace and descaled, the rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 210mm, and the large reduction rate of more than 15% in three continuous passes is at least ensured; after the rough rolling stage is finished, the intermediate billet is heated to 170 ℃ and then starts to be rolled in the finish rolling stage, the finish rolling temperature is 150 ℃, and the thickness of the finished product is 150 mm.
Example 2
A vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for a high-alloy thick plate blank specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) processing a high-alloy casting blank and a rectangular ring: the chemical components of the high-alloy casting blank and the rectangular ring are the same, the specific smelting components are shown in table 2, and the surface of the casting blank and the surface of the rectangular ring are processed to be smooth. The size of a casting blank is 2650mm, the width is 2250mm, the thickness is 320mm, and the external machining size is 2600 to 2200 to 301 mm; the rectangular rings also had outer dimensions of 2640 x 2200mm, a thickness of 1mm and a width of 40 mm. The surface smoothness of the processed casting blank and the rectangular ring is 7 grades, and the finished casting blank and the rectangular ring are smooth and clean after being cleaned, and have no impurities such as oil stains, water, dust, oxides, iron filings and the like.
TABLE 2 billet melting composition (%)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Alt |
| 0.50 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.013 | 0.002 | 0.034 |
(4) Combining casting blanks: the surfaces of two cleaned casting blanks are combined face to face, rectangular rings are arranged between the casting blanks at intervals, and the casting blanks are aligned with the rectangular rings in shape and size.
(5) And (3) vacuum packaging: placing the combined casting blank in a steel box, wherein the internal size of the steel box is slightly larger than the external size of the combined casting blank, vacuumizing the combined casting blank after the combined casting blank is placed in the steel box, and keeping the vacuum degree at 10-2Welding is sealed below Pa, a 12mm steel plate for manufacturing the steel box and a welding seam of the steel box are subjected to flaw detection and leak detection without leakage, and cracking and leakage are avoided after heating.
(4) Heating and compounding a casting blank: and (3) placing the steel box containing the combined casting blank into a heating furnace for heating at 1100 ℃ for 7h, and discharging the steel box after heating for the time, cooling and then disassembling the composite steel blank.
(5) Heating and rolling a casting blank: heating the composite casting blank at 1160 ℃ for 17 hours; the tapping temperature is 1160 ℃; after the casting blank is taken out of the furnace and descaled, the rolling temperature is 1130 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate blank is 230mm, and the large reduction rate of more than 15% in three continuous passes is at least ensured; after the rough rolling stage is finished, the intermediate billet is heated to 900 ℃ and then starts to be rolled in the finish rolling stage, the finish rolling temperature is 150 ℃, and the thickness of the finished product is 160 mm.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by referring to the drawings in connection with the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process of the high-alloy thick plate blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) processing a high-alloy casting blank and a rectangular ring: the chemical components of the high-alloy casting blank and the rectangular ring are the same, the surface of the casting blank and the two surfaces of the rectangular ring are processed to be smooth, and the appearance processing size is basically equivalent;
(2) combining casting blanks: the surfaces of two cleaned casting blanks are combined face to face, a rectangular ring is arranged between the two casting blanks, and the overall sizes of the casting blanks and the rectangular ring are aligned;
(3) and (3) vacuum packaging: placing the combined casting blank in a steel box, wherein the internal size of the steel box is slightly larger than the external size of the combined casting blank, placing the combined casting blank in the steel box, vacuumizing, welding and sealing, detecting flaws and leakage of a steel plate for manufacturing the steel box and a welding seam of the steel box, and taking the thickness of the steel plate and the welding seam as the standard that the steel plate is not leaked after being heated at a set temperature for a set time;
(4) heating and compounding a casting blank: placing the welded steel box coated with the casting blank combination into a heating furnace for heating, discharging the steel box from the furnace for cooling after the heating is carried out for a while, and disassembling the casting blank;
(5) heating and rolling a casting blank: heating the composite casting blank, discharging the casting blank from a furnace, descaling, and roughly rolling to obtain an intermediate blank; and after the rolling in the rough rolling stage is finished, the rolling in the finish rolling stage is carried out, namely the composite welding is finished.
2. The vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process of the thick high-alloy slab as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the rectangular ring has a thickness of 4-10mm and a width of 20-50 mm.
3. The vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process of the thick high-alloy slab as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the surface smoothness of the processed casting blank and the rectangular ring is 5-9 grades, and the processed casting blank and the rectangular ring are smooth and clean after cleaning and have no oil stain, moisture, dust, oxides or iron scrap impurities.
4. The vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for the thick high-alloy slabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), after the combined casting blank is placed into a steel box, the vacuum degree is kept at 10-2Welding and sealing below Pa.
5. The vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for the thick high-alloy slabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the heating temperature is 900-.
6. The vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for the thick high-alloy slab as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the heating temperature of the hybrid casting slab is 1150-1200 ℃, the heating time is controlled according to 10-25min/cm, and the tapping temperature is 1150-1180 ℃.
7. The vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for the thick high-alloy slabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the rolling temperature after descaling is 1100-1150 ℃.
8. The vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process of the thick high-alloy slab as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the thickness of the intermediate slab is not less than 1.4 times of that of the finished product, and at least the continuous three-pass high reduction rate of more than 15% is ensured.
9. The vacuum diffusion hybrid welding production process for the thick high-alloy slab as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), after the rolling in the rough rolling stage is completed, the intermediate slab is heated to 850-.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104923935A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for welding large-thickness slabs having high alloy content |
| CN107175462A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-19 | 河钢股份有限公司邯郸分公司 | A kind of composite plate blanks preparation method for rolling composite plate |
| CN108381027A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-10 | 东北大学 | It is used to prepare the vacuum welding device and preparation method thereof of carbon equivalent high super-thick steel plate |
| CN112139763A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-carbon equivalent high-alloy super-thick steel plate |
| CN112475794A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-12 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Process for solving cracking problem of high-strength steel composite plate welded by vacuum electron beam |
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- 2022-02-09 CN CN202210133157.6A patent/CN114523185B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104923935A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for welding large-thickness slabs having high alloy content |
| CN107175462A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-19 | 河钢股份有限公司邯郸分公司 | A kind of composite plate blanks preparation method for rolling composite plate |
| CN108381027A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-10 | 东北大学 | It is used to prepare the vacuum welding device and preparation method thereof of carbon equivalent high super-thick steel plate |
| CN112139763A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-carbon equivalent high-alloy super-thick steel plate |
| CN112475794A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-12 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Process for solving cracking problem of high-strength steel composite plate welded by vacuum electron beam |
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