CN114523116B - Method and device for solving powder sticking problem of laser spheroidizing equipment - Google Patents
Method and device for solving powder sticking problem of laser spheroidizing equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114523116B CN114523116B CN202210082258.5A CN202210082258A CN114523116B CN 114523116 B CN114523116 B CN 114523116B CN 202210082258 A CN202210082258 A CN 202210082258A CN 114523116 B CN114523116 B CN 114523116B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for solving the problem of powder sticking of laser spheroidizing equipment, wherein the equipment comprises a discharge area, the discharge area comprises a discharge electrode and a voltage applied to the discharge electrode, and the positive pole of the voltage is connected with a powder collector; the negative pole of the voltage is divided into three parts, the first part is connected with the discharge electrode, the second part is connected with the bottom of the discharge area, and the third part is connected with the funnel-shaped metal pipe of the spheroidizing area. According to the invention, the principle that like charges repel each other is utilized, and anions and cations are attached to the metal powder sent to the discharge area; most of the charged metal ion powder is repelled by homopolar charges and is transmitted forwards under the action of the powder feeding gas, finally reaches the spheroidizing area under the action of the first path of gas, so that the metal powder melted by laser falls to the powder collector under the actions of gravity, the second path of gas, air suction and opposite charges absorption, and spherical particles are formed under the action of surface tension, thereby avoiding the problem that the metal powder is stained with a tube.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for solving the problem of powder adhesion of laser spheroidizing equipment, belonging to the field of metal powder preparation.
Background
Compared with the prior art, the 3D printing method has the advantages that the production line is abandoned, so that the cost is reduced, and the material waste is greatly reduced. The method is applied to the fields of industrial design, mechanical manufacturing, aerospace, military, architecture, medicine, jewelry and the like. With the increasingly wide application of 3D printing technology, the demand of consumables is also increasing. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the yield of the metal powder spheroidizing apparatus.
The principle of laser spheroidization is to utilize continuous high-power laser to melt metal powder and form spherical powder under the action of surface tension. In the apparatus for laser spheroidizing of metal powder, a part of the metal powder sticks to the tube wall because of a large amount of powder feeding. The metal powder stuck on the wall increases the cleaning difficulty of the laser spheroidizing equipment on one hand; on the other hand, after being irradiated by the edge light of the laser beam for a long time, the metal powder adhered to the wall can be fused with the pipe wall, so that the inner diameter of the pipe wall is reduced, the powder feeding amount is reduced, the metal pipe can be seriously even blocked, and the capacity of laser spheroidizing equipment is finally influenced.
Therefore, how to improve the productivity of laser spheroidizing equipment and solve the problem that metal powder is stained on the wall due to large powder feeding in the laser spheroidizing equipment becomes a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the technical problem, the invention provides laser spheroidizing equipment which comprises a discharge area, wherein the discharge area comprises a discharge electrode and a voltage applied to the discharge electrode, the positive pole of the voltage is connected with a powder collector, and the positive pole of the voltage is grounded; the negative pole of the voltage is divided into three, the first part is connected with the discharge electrode, the second part is connected with the bottom of the discharge area, and the third part is connected with the funnel-shaped metal tube of the spheroidizing area.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the discharge region further comprises a cavity, and the discharge electrode is disposed in the cavity. Preferably, the first and second positions of the negative electrode are respectively applied to the discharge electrode and the lower end of the cavity. Preferably, the cavity can be insulated and connected with adjacent components through rubber sealing rings.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the distance between the discharge electrode and the positive electrode is 1-3 cm, exemplarily 2cm, and the voltage applied to the cavity is 4000-10000V, for example 6000V. (those skilled in the art will appreciate that the voltage applied to the chamber is proportional to the distance between the upper and lower ends of the chamber).
According to the embodiment of the invention, the discharge electrode is conical, the voltage is discharged through the tip of the discharge electrode, the tip is composed of a plurality of saw-toothed burs, and the tip faces to the metal powder conveying direction. Preferably, the discharge electrode may be disposed at an upper end or a lower end of the cavity, preferably at an upper end of the cavity.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a powder feeder for filling and feeding the metal powder to the discharge zone.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the powder feeder is further provided with a powder feeding gas inlet. Preferably, the powder feeding gas is an inert gas, such as argon. The inert gas is introduced to reduce the activity of the metal powder and serve as a carrier of the metal powder, so that the metal powder is conveyed to a discharge area through the powder conveying gas. The high voltage discharges the tip of the discharge electrode, the air near the discharge electrode is ionized into anion and cation by the high voltage, and the metal powder sent by the powder feeder is charged when passing through the discharge region, namely, the metal powder is attached with the anion and the cation.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a spheroidizing region through which the powder output from the discharge region is melted by laser heating to form spherical powder.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the spheroidization zone further comprises a laser generator, the laser generator is positioned in the funnel-shaped metal pipe, and the whole system of the funnel-shaped metal pipe is provided with an inert atmosphere. Preferably, the laser generator is located above the funnel-shaped metal pipe, and the funnel-shaped metal pipe is communicated with the powder collector below the funnel-shaped metal pipe.
Further, the funnel-shaped metal pipe is in insulated connection with the adjacent part through a rubber sealing ring.
Preferably, the size of the flare opening of the metal funnel is 8-12mm, for example 10mm.
Preferably, the laser generated by the laser generator is shaped, and the size of a light spot in the spheroidizing region is close to the size of a funnel opening of the funnel-shaped metal pipe.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the thin end side of the funnel-shaped metal tube is applied with voltage, and the polarity of the voltage is the same as that of the voltage applied to the cavity. Because the metal powder passing through the spheroidizing zone is attached with anions, the metal powder can be greatly prevented from being attached to the tube according to the principle that like charges repel each other.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the spheroidizing region further includes a first air inlet disposed at an upper portion of the laser generator and a second air inlet disposed at a side of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal tube.
Preferably, the number of the second air inlets is two, and the two second air inlets are oppositely arranged on two sides of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe. Further, the air channel of the second air inlet is tangent to the edge of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe.
Preferably, the gas introduced by the second gas inlet is an inert gas, such as argon.
The auxiliary gas introduced from the first gas inlet can promote the metal powder to be conveyed downwards to the tip spheroidizing area of the funnel-shaped metal pipe, and the gas introduced from the second gas inlet can further help the metal powder to more smoothly pass through the tip of the funnel-shaped metal pipe so as to avoid the metal powder from being accumulated. Therefore, the technical problems that the powder is fused with the funnel-shaped metal pipe together due to the fact that edge light of laser irradiates for a long time, the inner diameter of the metal pipe is reduced, the powder feeding amount is reduced, and the capacity of laser spheroidizing equipment is influenced or even the pipe is blocked are solved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the laser spheroidizing apparatus has an inert atmosphere therein, such as argon.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the upper end of the powder collector is connected with the positive pole of the voltage, and the polarity of the voltage is opposite to that of the voltage applied to the cavity. The metal powder melted by the laser falls into the powder collector under the action of gravity, second gas, pumping and opposite charge attraction, and spherical particles are formed in the process due to the action of surface tension.
Further, the powder collector is in insulation connection with the adjacent part through a rubber sealing ring. According to the embodiment of the invention, the side surface of the powder collector is provided with an air suction opening. The laser spheroidizing equipment can be in an air pressure balance state by air suction.
The invention also provides a method for solving the problem of powder sticking in the process of preparing spherical powder by laser spheroidization or a method for preparing spherical powder by laser spheroidization, which comprises the step of preparing the spherical powder by using the laser spheroidization equipment.
Preferably, the method comprises applying voltage to the discharge area, the spheroidizing area and the powder collector respectively, sending the metal powder to the discharge area and charging, and then forming spherical powder in the spheroidizing area and collecting the spherical powder by the powder collector.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises feeding the metal powder from the powder feeder to the discharge region by using a powder feeding gas as a carrier.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) Opening a vacuum pump to pump air, and filling inert gas into the spheroidizing equipment;
(2) Applying voltage to the discharge area, the spheroidizing area and the powder collector;
(3) Turning on a laser generator;
(4) Opening the powder feeder, and conveying the metal powder raw material to a discharge area through the powder feeder to be charged;
(5) Melting the charged metal powder raw material by laser and forming spherical powder;
(6) The spherical powder is collected by a powder collector.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (5), the charged metal powder raw material is melted into powder droplets under an inert atmosphere, and the powder droplets are cooled under the inert atmosphere and form spherical powder under the action of surface tension.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the principle that like charges repel each other to send the metal powder of the powder feeder to the discharge area, and anions and cations are attached to the discharge area. Wherein a small part of the cation powder can be adsorbed on the discharge electrode, and the majority of the cation powder can be adsorbed on the bottom of the discharge area, so that all the remaining anion powder is transported forwards under the action of the powder feeding gas due to the repulsion of like-pole charges and finally reaches the spheroidizing area under the action of the first gas. The funnel-shaped metal pipe in the spheroidizing zone is also connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, and based on the principle that like charges repel, the problem that metal powder is stained on the pipe wall due to a large amount of powder feeding in laser spheroidizing equipment is solved. The metal powder melted by the laser falls to the powder collector under the action of gravity, second gas, pumping and opposite charges, and spherical particles are formed in the process due to the action of surface tension. In the process, the metal powder adsorbed at the bottom of the discharge area can be collected to be used as the metal raw powder for next spheroidization, and the metal raw powder is conveyed to the spheroidization equipment by the powder feeder again.
Before the spheroidizing equipment is not used, after the spheroidizing equipment works for half an hour, metal powder is obviously melted at the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe due to the long-time irradiation of laser spot edge light, the caliber of the metal pipe is obviously reduced, and the risk of pipe blockage is caused. After the invention is used, the device can continuously work for 24 hours without sticking powder. According to the powder feeding amount of 2.5kg per hour, the laser spheroidizing equipment can continuously produce about 30kg of spherical powder. (because some of the powder is adsorbed at the bottom of the discharge area, the powder can be taken out for recycling.) the spheroidized powder is sampled, and the spheroidization degree and the spheroidization rate are observed under an electron microscope, and the statistical spheroidization rate can reach about 97 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser spheroidizing apparatus;
reference numerals are as follows: 1. a powder feeder; 2. a discharge zone; 3. a discharge electrode; 4. a powder feeding gas inlet; 5. a laser generator; 6. a first air inlet; 7. a spheroidizing zone; 8. a second air inlet; 9. an air extraction opening; 10. a powder collector; 11. a negative electrode; 12. and (4) a positive electrode.
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of spheroidized powder of titanium alloy prepared according to example 2, with a scale of 300. Mu.m.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a laser spheroidizing device comprises a discharge area 2, wherein the discharge area 2 comprises a discharge electrode 3 and a voltage applied to the discharge electrode 3, a positive electrode 12 of the voltage is connected with a powder collector 10, and the positive electrode 12 is grounded; the negative electrode 11 of the voltage is divided into three parts, the first part is connected with the discharge electrode 3, the second part is connected with the bottom of the discharge area 2, and the third part is connected with the funnel-shaped metal tube of the spheroidizing area 7.
[ discharge zone ]
The discharge area 2 further comprises a cavity, the discharge electrode 3 is arranged in the cavity, and the first position and the second position of the negative electrode are respectively applied to the discharge electrode 3 and the lower end of the cavity. Further, the cavity can be connected with adjacent parts in an insulating mode through rubber sealing rings.
The distance between the discharge electrode 3 and the positive electrode is 1-3 cm, exemplarily 2cm, and the voltage applied to the cavity is 4000-10000V, for example around 6000V.
The discharge electrode 3 is conical, voltage discharges through the tip of the discharge electrode 3, the tip is composed of a plurality of saw-toothed prickles, and the tip faces the metal powder conveying direction.
In actual use, the discharge electrode 3 may be disposed at the upper end or the lower end of the cavity, preferably at the upper end of the cavity.
[ POWDER FEEDER ]
The apparatus further comprises a powder feeder 1 for filling with metal powder and feeding the metal powder to the discharge zone 2.
The powder feeder 1 is also provided with a powder feeding gas inlet 4. Preferably, the powder feeding gas is an inert gas, such as argon.
[ spheroidization zone ]
The device also comprises a spheroidizing zone 7, and the powder output from the discharge zone 2 passes through the spheroidizing zone to be heated and melted by laser to form spherical powder.
Spheroidization district 7 still includes laser generator 5, and laser generator 5 is located hopper-shaped metal pipe, and the whole system of hopper-shaped metal pipe is equipped with inert atmosphere. Preferably, the laser generator 5 is located above the funnel-shaped metal pipe, and the funnel-shaped metal pipe is connected to the powder collector 10 below.
Further, the funnel-shaped metal pipe is in insulated connection with the adjacent part through a rubber sealing ring.
The size of the mouth of the funnel-shaped metal tube is 8-12mm, for example 10mm.
After the laser emitted by the laser generator 5 is shaped, the size of the light spot in the spheroidizing area 7 is close to the size of the funnel opening of the funnel-shaped metal pipe.
The side surface of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal tube is applied with voltage, and the polarity of the voltage is the same as that of the voltage applied to the cavity.
The spheroidization area also comprises a first air inlet 6 and a second air inlet 8, wherein the first air inlet 6 is arranged at the upper part of the laser generator 5, and the second air inlet 8 is arranged at the side surface of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe.
The two second air inlets 8 are arranged on two sides of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe relatively. Further, the air channel of the second air inlet 8 is tangent to the edge of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe.
The gas introduced into the second gas inlet 8 is an inert gas, such as argon.
Specifically, the laser spheroidizing device has an inert atmosphere therein, such as argon.
[ POWDER COLLECTING DEVICE ]
The upper end of the powder collector 10 is connected with the positive electrode 12 of the voltage, and the polarity of the voltage is opposite to that of the voltage applied to the cavity. The metal powder melted by the laser falls into the powder collector 10 under the action of gravity, the second gas, the suction and the opposite charge attraction, and spherical particles are formed in the process due to the action of surface tension.
Further, the powder collector is in insulation connection with the adjacent part through a rubber sealing ring.
The side of the powder collector 10 is provided with an air suction opening. The laser spheroidizing equipment can be in an air pressure balance state by air suction.
Example 2
The method for preparing spherical powder by using the laser spheroidizing apparatus of example 1 includes the following steps:
(1) Opening all gas paths: and opening the vacuum pump, and determining the tightness of the equipment through a barometer on the laser spheroidizing equipment. Opening an argon gas valve, dividing argon gas into three paths, and filling the three paths of argon gas into spheroidizing equipment: the first path is to introduce argon gas into the powder feeder through a powder feeding gas inlet to be used as a carrier of titanium alloy non-spherical powder, the gas feeding amount is 6L/min, and the powder feeding amount is 2.5kg/h; the second path supplies air to the first air inlet with the air supply quantity of 50L/min; the third path supplies air to two second air inlets, and the total air supply amount is 40L/min. The air passage of the second air inlet is tangent to the edge of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe, so that the spheroidized titanium alloy powder is more smoothly transmitted to the powder collector. The total amount of the three paths of argon and the air extraction amount of the vacuum pump enable the air pressure in the laser spheroidizing equipment to be at-20 kpa;
(2) Respectively connecting a discharge electrode, the lower end (bottom) of a discharge area cavity and the side surface of the thin end of a funnel-shaped metal pipe in a spheroidizing area with the negative electrode of a 6000V power supply, connecting the upper end of a powder collector with the positive electrode of the power supply, and simultaneously grounding the positive electrode;
(3) Turning on a laser generator, and turning on the power to 8000W;
(4) The titanium alloy metal powder of the powder feeder is fed to a discharge area, anions and cations are attached to the discharge area (because the area of the discharge electrode is small, a small part of the cation powder is adsorbed on the discharge electrode, and most of the cation powder is adsorbed at the bottom of the discharge area;
(5) The laser generated by the laser generator heats the titanium alloy metal powder conveyed from the discharge area, so that the temperature and the air pressure in the spheroidizing equipment are increased, the laser spheroidizing equipment basically reaches an air pressure balance state, and the air pressure value in the equipment at the moment is displayed by an air pressure gauge to be-2 kPa (because the funnel-shaped metal pipe in the spheroidizing area is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, like charges repel, and the metal powder is prevented from being attached to the pipe to a great extent);
(6) The titanium alloy metal powder melted by the laser falls to the powder collector under the action of gravity, the second path of gas, air suction of the air suction opening and opposite charge attraction, and spherical particles are formed in the process due to the action of surface tension.
The laser spheroidizing equipment of the embodiment continuously works for 24 hours without attaching powder. According to the powder feeding amount of 2.5kg per hour, the laser spheroidizing equipment can continuously produce about 30kg of titanium alloy spherical powder for a 3D printer. (because a part of the carbon dioxide is adsorbed at the bottom of the discharge area, the carbon dioxide can be taken out for recycling.)
The spheroidized titanium alloy spherical powder was sampled, and the spheroidization degree and the spheroidization rate were observed under an electron microscope, and the results are shown in fig. 2. From the figure, it can be calculated that the spheroidization rate of the titanium alloy spherical powder can reach about 97%.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The laser spheroidizing equipment is characterized by comprising a powder feeder, a discharge area and a spheroidizing area;
the powder feeder comprises a powder feeding gas inlet, the powder feeding gas is inert gas, and the powder feeder is used for filling metal powder and sending the metal powder to a discharge area through the inert gas;
the discharge area comprises a cavity, a discharge electrode and a voltage applied to the discharge electrode, the discharge electrode is arranged in the cavity, the positive electrode of the voltage is connected with the powder collector, and the positive electrode of the voltage is grounded; the first negative pole of the voltage is divided into three parts, the first part is connected with a discharge electrode, the second part is connected with the bottom of the cavity, and the third part is connected with a funnel-shaped metal pipe of the spheroidizing region;
the spheroidizing region comprises a laser generator, the laser generator is positioned above the funnel-shaped metal pipe, the funnel-shaped metal pipe is communicated with the powder collector below the funnel-shaped metal pipe, and voltage is applied to the side surface of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe and has the same polarity as the voltage applied to the cavity;
the spheroidizing region also comprises a first air inlet and a second air inlet, the first air inlet is arranged at the upper part of the laser generator, and the second air inlet is arranged on the side surface of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe; the two second air inlets are oppositely arranged on two sides of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe, and the air passages of the second air inlets are tangent to the edge of the thin end of the funnel-shaped metal pipe;
the upper end of the powder collector is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage, and the polarity of the voltage is opposite to that of the voltage applied to the cavity.
2. The laser spheroidizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the discharge electrode and one pole of the voltage is 1 to 3cm.
3. The laser spheroidizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharge electrode has a tapered shape, a tip is composed of a plurality of saw-toothed burs, and the tip is directed toward a metal powder conveying direction.
4. The laser spheroidizing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
and an air suction opening is formed in the side surface of the powder collecting device.
5. A method for solving the problem of powder sticking in the preparation of spherical powder by laser spheroidization or a method for preparing spherical powder by laser spheroidization, which is characterized by comprising preparing the spherical powder by using the laser spheroidization equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises: the powder feeding gas is used as a carrier to send the metal powder from the powder feeder to a discharge area; voltage is respectively applied to the discharge area, the spheroidizing area and the powder collector, metal powder is conveyed to the discharge area and is charged, and then spherical powder is formed in the spheroidizing area and is collected by the powder collector.
7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the method for preparing spherical powder by laser spheroidization comprises the following steps:
(1) Opening a vacuum pump to pump air, and filling inert gas into the spheroidizing equipment;
(2) Applying voltage to the discharge area, the spheroidizing area and the powder collector;
(3) Turning on a laser generator;
(4) Opening the powder feeder, and conveying the metal powder raw material to a discharge area through the powder feeder to be charged;
(5) Melting the charged metal powder raw material by laser and forming spherical powder;
(6) The spherical powder is collected by a powder collector.
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