CN114523065B - Method for manufacturing middle ring of in-pile member - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing middle ring of in-pile member Download PDFInfo
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- CN114523065B CN114523065B CN202111653315.2A CN202111653315A CN114523065B CN 114523065 B CN114523065 B CN 114523065B CN 202111653315 A CN202111653315 A CN 202111653315A CN 114523065 B CN114523065 B CN 114523065B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/761—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a middle ring of a pile inner member, which comprises the following steps: blank making stage: charging the raw material ingot, heating to the forging temperature, forging and pressing repeatedly, upsetting and drawing, and punching by using a punch to obtain a blank meeting the requirements; and (3) forming: reaming the blank by using a reaming tool to obtain a middle ring blank forging of the in-pile member; and (3) a heat treatment stage: and placing the middle ring blank forging in the in-pile member into a heat treatment furnace, controlling proper technological parameters, uniformly heating the forging, discharging the forging, and water-cooling. The invention provides a manufacturing method of a middle ring in a pile member, which can effectively avoid forging defects such as cracks, looseness and the like through optimized forging process control and heat treatment, ensures that uniform and fine second phase particles are mainly precipitated in crystals, reduces the crystallization of the second phase edges and ensures that the material has good comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging in mechanical manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a middle ring of a pile-up member.
Background
The reactor internals are core components of the reactor, are positioned in a reactor pressure vessel, operate under high temperature, high pressure and strong radiation, bear the flushing of cooling fluid for a long time, need to bear irradiation with high neutron fluence and corrosion of the coolant, keep enough strength under the working condition of high temperature and load, have very bad service conditions, and are mostly manufactured by adopting corrosion-resistant stainless steel materials in the past.
Due to the deep development of material research, nickel-based superalloy becomes the development direction of the new generation of in-pile component forging materials due to good corrosion resistance and higher high-temperature strength.
The 0Cr15Ni70Ti3AlNb series alloy is a material reinforced by Ti and Al to generate gamma phase, the deformation resistance is larger in the thermal processing range, the thermal deformation window is narrower, the crystal grains are coarsened due to overhigh temperature, the alloy is hardened below a certain temperature, the alloy is cracked at the lower temperature part after continuous processing, the surface or internal defects are caused, and the comprehensive properties such as the tensile strength, the impact toughness and the like of the in-pile member manufactured by the conventional in-pile member forging method can not meet the operation and maintenance requirements of a reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the fact that the tensile strength, impact toughness and other comprehensive properties of the in-pile member manufactured by the conventional in-pile member forging method cannot meet the operation and maintenance requirements of a reactor, the invention provides the manufacturing method of the middle ring of the in-pile member, which can effectively avoid forging defects such as cracks, looseness and the like through optimized forging process control and heat treatment, so that the material improves the tensile strength, impact toughness and other comprehensive properties.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of manufacturing a middle ring of a stack member, comprising the steps of:
blank making stage: charging the raw material ingot, heating to the forging temperature, forging and pressing repeatedly, upsetting and drawing, and punching by using a punch to obtain a blank meeting the requirements;
and (3) forming: reaming the blank by using a reaming tool to obtain a middle ring blank forging of the in-pile member;
and (3) a heat treatment stage: and placing the middle ring blank forging in the in-pile member into a heat treatment furnace, controlling proper technological parameters, uniformly heating the forging, discharging the forging, and water-cooling.
According to one aspect of the invention, the blank making stage comprises first hot forging, wherein the first hot forging is divided into a plurality of times, the forging temperature is controlled, the steel ingot is tapped, and after each hot forging, the steel ingot is returned to the furnace for heating and heat preservation; forging and pressing in middle fire, namely 2 times, upsetting and drawing out for the first time, returning to the furnace, upsetting for the second time, punching by a punch, and returning to the furnace; the deformation amount per fire is not less than 50%.
According to one aspect of the invention, the forming stage comprises reaming with a horse frame, mandrel, and forging ratio is not less than 3.
According to one aspect of the invention, the forming stage further comprises reaming the forging to a required size by using a reaming tool, wherein the reaming tool is a collar with a groove, the groove width of the collar is similar to the forging finishing width of the forging, the groove is provided with an oblique angle of 5-15 degrees, a narrow flat anvil is used as an upper anvil, the width of the upper anvil is close to the width of the bottom of the collar of the core rod, and the collar is sleeved on the core rod to be fixed, and then blanks are put into the reaming to the required size.
According to one aspect of the invention, the first hot forging temperature range is 1100 ℃ -950 ℃.
According to one aspect of the invention, the intermediate hot forging temperature range is 1150-950 ℃.
According to one aspect of the invention, the molding stage temperature is 1120 ℃ to 950 ℃.
According to one aspect of the invention, the heat treatment stage adopts stepwise heating, in particular heating to 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 1 hour; continuously heating the forging piece, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of not more than 100 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1 hour; and continuously heating the forging, and heating to 1050-1100 ℃ within a period of not more than 1 hour, wherein the heat preservation time is 0.5-1.5 minutes for every 1 millimeter of the thickness of the forging.
According to one aspect of the invention, the water cooling method in the heat treatment stage comprises the following steps: and a water flow driving device which is vertically upwards is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, the initial temperature of water is not higher than 30 ℃, and the water flow in the vertical direction is utilized to break the steam film accumulated at the bottom of the forging piece.
According to one aspect of the invention, the surface temperature of the forging after 15 minutes of water-cooling is not higher than 80 ℃.
According to one aspect of the invention, the heat treatment stage further comprises an aging treatment, in particular a heat preservation for 1 hour at 400 ℃; continuously heating the forging piece, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of not more than 100 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1 hour; continuously heating the forging, heating to the temperature of 700+/-15 ℃ at the speed of not more than 50 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 18-22 hours, discharging the forging, and air-cooling.
According to one aspect of the invention, the steel ingot is a material which takes austenite as a matrix and is strengthened by gamma-phase precipitation, and 0Cr15Ni70Ti3AlNb series nickel-based superalloy is selected as a raw material.
The implementation of the invention has the advantages that: according to the manufacturing method of the middle ring of the in-pile member, forging defects such as cracks and looseness can be effectively avoided through forging temperature control, tapping stress relief, twice upsetting and drawing and other forging processes; the concave sleeve ring is assembled on the core rod, so that the compaction effect of the forging is facilitated, the shaping effect of the forging is realized in the die, meanwhile, the forging allowance is further compressed, the consumption of raw materials is reduced, and the processing period is shortened; by adopting reasonable heat treatment process parameters, uniform and fine second phase particles are mainly precipitated in crystals, the condition that the second phase is precipitated along the crystal is reduced, and the material has good comprehensive performance. The middle ring of the pile member manufactured by the method has the tensile strength of more than 1000Mpa at the room temperature and the high temperature of 350 ℃ and is larger than 90J/cm 2 Can meet the severe environmental requirements.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a method of manufacturing a middle ring of a build-up member according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a solution treatment process for a method of manufacturing a middle ring of a reactor internal component according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of an aging process for a method of manufacturing a middle ring of a reactor internal component according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a middle ring of a pile inner member, which comprises the following steps: blank making stage: charging the raw material ingot, heating to the forging temperature, forging repeatedly, upsetting, drawing, and punching by using a punch to obtain a die forging blank meeting the requirements; and (3) forming: reaming the die forging blank by using a reaming tool to obtain a middle ring blank forging of the in-pile member; and (3) a heat treatment stage: the heat treatment stage comprises solid solution treatment and aging treatment, the middle ring blank forging of the in-pile member is placed in a heat treatment furnace, proper technological parameters are controlled, the low-temperature distinguishing stage is adopted for preheating, the heating mode of rapid heating in a high-temperature area is adopted, the finer grain size of the material is reserved, the alloy is heated to the high-temperature single-phase area for constant temperature maintenance, the excessive phase is fully dissolved into solid solution and then rapidly cooled by water, and the supersaturated solid solution is obtained after the heat treatment. The raw material ingot is an outsourcing steel ingot, the steel ingot purchasing technical conditions are strictly compiled, smelting requirements are defined, main chemical components are optimally controlled, and the raw material ingot is subjected to factory-entering rechecking, so that the comprehensive performance of the material is ensured from the source. And designing and manufacturing a special reaming tool die, and realizing forging forming.
The blank making stage comprises first fire forging and pressing, wherein the first fire forging and pressing is divided into a plurality of times, the forging temperature interval is controlled to 1100-950 ℃, and the steel ingot is tapped, because the cast structure of the steel ingot is poor in plasticity during the first fire production, forging cracks are easy to generate on the surface of the steel ingot, and the method is only suitable for tapping the steel ingot at the moment, and the cast stress of the steel ingot is released. After the surface cast structure is improved after the first firing, the invention can realize good performance. After each fire forging, the steel ingot is returned to the furnace for heating and heat preservation, the middle fire forging is divided into 2 times, the temperature interval of the middle fire forging is controlled to 1150-950 ℃, the first upsetting and drawing are carried out, the furnace is returned, the second upsetting is carried out, the punch is used for punching, and the furnace is returned. The forming stage is final forging, and the temperature is controlled to be 1120-950 ℃. The forming stage further comprises reaming the forging to a required size by using a reaming tool, wherein the reaming tool is a lantern ring with a groove, the groove width of the lantern ring is close to the forging completion width of the forging, the groove is provided with an oblique angle of 5-15 degrees, a narrow flat anvil is used as an upper anvil, the width of the upper anvil is close to the bottom of the lantern ring of the mandrel, and the lantern ring is sleeved on the mandrel to fix and then the blank is put into the reaming tool to the required size.
Based on the fact that austenite grains are limited by the ambient cooling speed and grow again, the temperature is too low and the plasticity is poor, forging cracks can be generated, therefore, the method strictly controls the first-firing forging temperature range to 1100-950 ℃, the intermediate-firing forging temperature range to 1150-950 ℃ and the final forging temperature range in the forming stage to 1120-950 ℃.
The material of the raw material ingot takes 0Cr15Ni70Ti3AlNb series nickel-based superalloy as the raw material, is a material which takes austenite as a matrix and is strengthened by gamma phase precipitation, has larger deformation resistance in the hot working range, narrower thermal deformation window, coarsening of crystal grains caused by overhigh temperature, hardening of the alloy below a certain temperature, cracking at the lower temperature after continuous working, and surface or internal defects. The thermal deformation characteristics of the material determine the need to increase the deformation rate, so that the deformation is increased as much as possible in the range of the forgeable temperature, and the effective deformation per fire is ensured to be more than or equal to 50 percent.
And (3) upsetting and drawing out are carried out at least twice from the raw material ingot to the die forging blank, so that the forging ratio is more than or equal to 3, and finer grains of the blank are ensured. In practical application, after the steel ingot which is not forged is heated, the structure of the steel ingot is an original as-cast structure, and the structure is characterized in that: coarse grains, non-compact grain combination and poor plasticity; the purpose of the tapping is to break up the as-cast structure of the surface layer, make it compact in combination and have good plasticity. As the plasticity of the surface of the steel ingot is greatly improved through the first hot forging, the forging ratio smaller than 3 can generate coarse grains, and the final performance is unqualified, so that the forging ratio is not smaller than 3.
The forging defects such as cracks, looseness and the like can be effectively avoided through forging temperature control, tapping stress relief, twice upsetting and drawing and other forging process control; the concave sleeve ring is assembled on the core rod, so that the compaction effect of the forging is facilitated, the shaping effect of the forging is realized in the die, meanwhile, the forging allowance is further compressed, the consumption of raw materials is reduced, and the processing period is shortened; by adopting reasonable heat treatment process parameters, uniform and fine second phase particles are mainly precipitated in crystals, the condition that the second phase is precipitated along the crystal is reduced, and the material has good comprehensive performance.
In this embodiment, the heat treatment stage includes solution treatment, where the solution treatment is performed by stepwise heating, specifically heating to 600 ℃ and maintaining the temperature for 1 hour; continuously heating the forging piece, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of not more than 100 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1 hour; heating the forging is continued to be carried out for no more than 1 hour until the temperature is 1050-1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-1.5 minutes for heat preservation every 1 millimeter of the thickness of the forging, so that carbide phases and gamma phases in the forging are fully dissolved, uniform and fine second phase particles are mainly precipitated in crystals, the situation that the second phase is precipitated along crystals is reduced, a supersaturated solid solution is obtained, and the purpose of strengthening is achieved. Specifically, thermocouples may be used to contact the forging surface to determine the temperature of the forging surface. And a thermocouple is respectively arranged at the thickest and thinnest part of the forging, and a thermocouple is also arranged in the middle of the forging so as to control the temperature uniformity of the forging. The water cooling method comprises the following steps: the bottom of the water tank is provided with a vertically upward water flow driving device, the initial temperature of water is not higher than 30 ℃, the steam film accumulated at the bottom of the forging piece is broken by utilizing water flow in the vertical direction, and the heat exchange times are increased, so that the bottom is ensured to obtain enough cooling rate. In order to ensure the comprehensive performance of the rings in the components in the pile, the surface temperature of the forging after water cooling is not higher than 80 ℃ after 15 minutes of water outlet.
The solution treatment is to dissolve carbide and gamma in matrix to obtain homogeneous supersaturated solid solution, so that the reinforced carbide and gamma with fine grains and homogeneous distribution are re-separated during ageing, and the stress produced by cold and hot processing is eliminated to re-crystallize the alloy. Secondly, the solution treatment is to obtain proper grain size so as to ensure the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy.
The temperature range of the solution treatment is set between 1050-1100 ℃ to ensure the necessary precipitation conditions and certain grain size of the main strengthening phase.
Further, the heat treatment stage further comprises aging treatment, specifically heating to 400 ℃ and preserving heat for 1 hour; continuously heating the forging piece, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of not more than 100 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1 hour; continuously heating the forging, heating to the temperature of 700+/-15 ℃ at the speed of not more than 50 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 18-22 hours, discharging the forging, and air-cooling.
After solution treatment and aging treatment, the hardness and strength of the middle ring forging in the in-pile member are increased, and the plasticity, toughness and internal stress are reduced, so that the ideal strengthening effect can be achieved.
As the strength of the material is improved by precipitation strengthening of the precipitated phase, the form and the quantity of the precipitated phase have different influences on the strength, the plasticity and the impact property of the material, in the invention, the quantity and the form of the precipitated phase are adjusted by reasonable solid solution and aging treatment, so that a forging piece obtains good toughness, has the tensile strength of more than 1000Mpa, and simultaneously keeps the impact toughness of 90J/cm < 2 >, and the internal components of the pile can adapt to a severe service environment.
The invention can forge steel materials, particularly steel ingots are electric furnace electroslag remelted steel ingots, particularly 0Cr15Ni70Ti3AlNb series nickel-based superalloy is selected as a raw material, austenite is taken as a matrix, gamma phase precipitation strengthening is utilized, compared with the traditional austenitic stainless steel, the strength is improved from 500Mpa level to 1000Mpa level under the same corrosion resistance, the performance of a forging piece is greatly improved, and a pile internal component with high comprehensive performance meeting the operation and maintenance requirements of a reactor can be manufactured. The method of the invention can forge forgings made of other materials, such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy and the like, besides steel materials.
The middle ring of the in-pile member manufactured by the invention is subjected to physical and chemical property inspection, finished product processing is performed after the inspection is qualified, and nondestructive inspection is performed after the inspection is completed.
Embodiment one: method for manufacturing middle ring of in-pile member
Step S1, raw material selection
The steel ingot adopts EF+ESR technology (electric furnace+electroslag remelting) to ensure the purity of raw materials. Increasing the internal control requirement of chemical components, wherein the internal control components are shown in the following table:
the C content is reduced, the Cr content is improved, and the corrosion resistance of the material is improved;
the content of Ti, al and Nb elements is improved, the gamma phase generating element is improved, and the material strength is improved.
Step S2, forging
(1) Heat number 1-3: about 2100kg of steel ingot is discharged, the forging temperature is 1100-950 ℃, the steel ingot is tapped, the as-cast stress of the steel ingot is released, the steel ingot is chamfered to an octagonal cylindrical blank with the thickness of about 500mm, and the steel ingot is returned to the furnace;
(2) Heat 4: forging the octagonal cylindrical blank at 1150-950 ℃ to finish one-time upsetting and drawing, chamfering to about 500mm, and returning to the furnace;
(3) Heat 5: forging temperature is 1150-950 ℃, upsetting to about 320mm height, utilizingThe punch punches a hole, and the furnace returns after the punching is completed;
(4) Heat number 6-7: forging temperature range 1120-950 ℃, reaming by using a horse frame and a core rod, and enlarging the inner hole of the forging to about
(5) Heat number 8: the forging temperature is 1120-950 ℃, the reaming tool is a collar with a groove, and the blank is put in after being sleeved on the core rod for fixation. The width of the lantern ring groove is similar to the forging finishing width of the forging piece, the groove is provided with an oblique angle of 5-15 degrees, so that demolding is facilitated, a narrow flat anvil is adopted as an upper anvil, the width of the upper anvil is close to the width of the bottom of the lantern ring of the core rod, and the forging piece is reamed to a required size and then finished.
Step S3 heat treatment
The materials are delivered in a solid solution and aging treatment state, the solid solution heat treatment temperature is 1050-1100 ℃, the materials are quenched in water after heat preservation for proper time, a low-temperature distinguishing stage is adopted for preheating, a heating mode of rapid heating in a high-temperature area is adopted, the finer grain size of the materials is reserved, the aging temperature is selected to be the target temperature of 700 ℃, uniform and dispersed fine grain second phase examples can be ensured to be separated out, the aging time is controlled within a certain range, underaging and overaging are avoided, and the materials have good comprehensive performance.
Step S4, physicochemical detection
After heat treatment, intercepting the sample for necessary mechanical property and component project detection, and the detection results are as follows:
the 0Cr15Ni70Ti3AlNb steel forging subjected to heat treatment has the advantages that crystal grains do not grow up and are uniform in structure, the high-temperature strength at the temperature of 350 ℃ meets the design requirements of components in a nuclear pile, the surplus is large, the performances at the two ends are uniform, the grain size does not grow up obviously, and the integral quality of the forging can be ensured.
Step S5 machining
In the processing process of the finished product, planer milling machine, numerical control machine, vertical drill, boring machine and other equipment are adopted, so that the dimensional accuracy and the finish degree are ensured to meet the requirements.
Step S6, checking the finished product
The finished product is required to pass through liquid permeation detection and full-volume ultrasonic detection.
In the embodiment, the middle ring of the in-pile member manufactured by the method has tensile strength of more than 1000Mpa at room temperature and high temperature of 350 ℃, and impact toughness of more than 90J/cm < 2 >, so that the severe environmental requirements can be met. The ultrasonic detection of the product obtained by finish machining does not find defect reflection signals, the liquid permeation detection does not find defect marks, and the product is qualified, so that the quality requirement can be met.
The implementation of the invention has the advantages that: according to the manufacturing method of the middle ring of the in-pile member, forging defects such as cracks and looseness can be effectively avoided through forging temperature control, tapping stress relief, twice upsetting and drawing and other forging processes; the concave sleeve ring is assembled on the core rod, so that the compaction effect of the forging is facilitated, the shaping effect of the forging is realized in the die, meanwhile, the forging allowance is further compressed, the consumption of raw materials is reduced, and the processing period is shortened; by adopting reasonable heat treatment process parameters, uniform and fine second phase particles are mainly precipitated in crystals, the condition that the second phase is precipitated along the crystal is reduced, and the material obtains good comprehensive performance energy. The middle ring of the in-pile member manufactured by the method has tensile strength of more than 1000Mpa at room temperature and high temperature of 350 ℃, and impact toughness of more than 90J/cm < 2 >, so that the severe environmental requirements can be met.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method of manufacturing a ring in a stack, comprising the steps of:
blank making stage: charging the raw material ingot, heating to the forging temperature, repeatedly performing tapping forging, upsetting and drawing, and punching by using a punch to obtain a die forging blank meeting the requirements;
and (3) forming: the forging temperature is controlled, the die forging blank is reamed by using a reaming tool, the reaming tool is a lantern ring with a groove, the groove width of the lantern ring is similar to the forging finishing width of the forging, the groove is provided with an oblique angle, a narrow flat anvil is used as an upper anvil, the width of the upper anvil is close to the width of the bottom of the lantern ring of the core rod, the lantern ring is sleeved on the core rod to be fixed, and then the blank is put into the reaming tool to be reamed to a required size, so that a middle ring blank forging of a pile inner member is obtained;
and (3) a heat treatment stage: the heat treatment stage comprises solid solution and aging treatment, wherein the solid solution comprises placing a middle ring blank forging of the in-pile member into a heat treatment furnace, and heating the forging in a stepwise manner, specifically heating to 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 1 hour; continuously heating the middle ring blank forging in the internal components of the pile, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of not more than 100 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1 hour; continuously heating the middle ring blank forging in the internal components of the pile to 1050-1100 ℃ in a period of not more than 1 hour, keeping the temperature for 0.5-1.5 minutes every 1 millimeter of the thickness of the forging, discharging the forging, and water-cooling; then carrying out aging treatment, wherein the aging treatment is to heat the middle ring forging piece in the in-pile member to 400 ℃ and keep the temperature for 1 hour; continuously heating the middle ring forging piece in the internal components of the pile, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of not more than 100 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1 hour; continuously heating the middle ring forging in the in-pile member to be within the range of 700+/-15 ℃ at a speed of not more than 50 ℃ per hour, preserving heat for 18-22 hours, discharging from the furnace, and air-cooling to obtain the middle ring in the in-pile member.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blank-making stage comprises a start forging and a middle forging, the start forging is divided into a plurality of forging times, the forging temperature is controlled, the steel ingot is tapped, and after each forging time, the steel ingot is returned to the furnace for heating and heat preservation; middle forging, namely forging with multiple fires, controlling forging temperature, upsetting, drawing and punching; the forming stage is final forging, and the deformation of each firing is not less than 50%.
3. The method of manufacturing a middle ring of a pile member according to claim 2, wherein the initial forging temperature range is 1100 ℃ to 950 ℃, the middle forging temperature range is 1150 ℃ to 950 ℃, and the final forging temperature range is 1120 ℃ to 950 ℃.
4. The method for producing a ring in a pile member according to claim 1, wherein upsetting and drawing are performed at least twice from a raw ingot to a die-forged blank, and a forging ratio is ensured to be equal to or higher than 3, so that finer grains are obtained from the blank.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising physical and chemical property inspection after the heat treatment, and further comprising finishing and non-destructive inspection after the physical and chemical properties are acceptable.
6. The method for manufacturing a middle ring of a pile member according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment stage water cooling method is as follows: and a water flow driving device which is vertically upwards is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, the initial temperature of water is not higher than 30 ℃, and the water flow in the vertical direction is utilized to break the steam film accumulated at the bottom of the ring blank forging in the in-pile member.
7. The method for manufacturing a middle ring in a pile member according to claim 6, wherein the surface temperature of the middle ring blank forging after water cooling is not higher than 80 ℃ after 15 minutes of water outlet.
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