CN114518249A - Deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method - Google Patents
Deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
A deep soil sampling and sample-dividing detection method belongs to the technical field of soil detection and comprises the steps of pre-drilling, sampling at multiple points on the side wall, directly performing sample-dividing packaging according to sampling points after sampling, and finally processing and detecting to obtain a more accurate sample point result. According to the sampling method, the sampler is designed, and comprises the sampling rod and the sampling grooves, the sampling rod is provided with the scale marks, and the sampling grooves are longitudinally distributed along the sampling rod, so that the sampling is more accurate, the mutual pollution among layers is prevented, the convenient one-time multipoint sampling can be realized, the practical value is good, and the sampling method is particularly suitable for all-item accurate analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil detection, and particularly relates to a deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method.
Background
In recent years, with environmental pollution, excessive utilization and chemical fertilizer application brought by economic development, soil degradation speed is accelerated, and desertification, acidification, impoverishment and scarcity are increasingly generated, which threatens production and life. Therefore, there is a need to detect this category of soil, and make reasonable improvements or utilization plans. Soil detection not only needs to detect surface soil, but also needs to detect deep soil, and is convenient for the soil to carry out targeted monitoring or restoration management.
Soil detection means determining environmental quality and change trend thereof by measuring representative values of factors influencing soil environmental quality, and the soil detection comprises technical contents of stationing and sampling, sample preparation, an analysis method, result representation, data statistics, quality evaluation and the like. The soil sampling is one of the key steps, the sampling accuracy is directly related to the detection result, particularly, the deep soil sampling is easy to layer and pollute, and inaccurate sample separation results in wrong results.
At present, deep soil sampling equipment is various, for example CN213580185U discloses a deep soil sampling device for soil testing, including outer slide cartridge, the outer welded fastening of outer slide cartridge has the connection chassis, the terminal surface threaded connection who connects the chassis has the screw, the inside sliding connection of outer slide cartridge has the sampling tube, the bottom surface threaded connection of sampling tube has the go-between, the bottom surface threaded connection of go-between has the drill bit, the surface of drill bit has been seted up and has been bored the groove, it has seted up the sample groove to bore the inner wall in groove, sampling device can take a sample to the soil on different soil layers. But the equipment in the middle of the sampling process can not avoid the pollution of the upper and lower soil layers, which results in inaccurate sampling.
Also has sampling, detect integrative equipment, for example CN210863728U discloses a soil detection equipment for detecting deep soil, including box, soil pH value detection head and soil temperature detection head, the sliding connection has L-shaped plate on the connecting rod, the top outer wall of L-shaped plate connects with the first output motor, the output end of the first output motor connects with the first spiral sheet through the first rotating shaft, the fixed frame connects with the second spiral sheet, the bottom outer wall of box and fixed frame cut with the corresponding first blown down tank and second blown down tank respectively, the box also sliding connects with the detection box corresponding to the second blown down tank, this equipment increases soil pH valve and detects head and soil moisture and detect the head, but this kind of equipment can not make the analysis of whole item, and the degree of depth that upper and lower integrative probe can reach is limited, also has upper and lower soil layer and pollutes the problem mutually, detects the precision not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a deep soil sampling and sample-dividing detection method, which aims to solve the problems that soil layer samples are easy to mutually pollute, the sampling reliability is poor, the detection precision is not high, the result is biased after pollution, the prediction cannot be effectively given and the like in the deep soil sampling and detection technology in the prior art. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method comprises the following steps:
selecting a sampling place, and then pre-drilling by using a drilling machine, wherein the drilling is vertical drilling or inclined drilling, and the drilling depth is set according to the soil layer depth required by sampling;
taking out the drill bit of the drilling machine to form a soil layer hole;
(1) when the drilled hole is a vertical hole, carrying out simultaneous layered sampling on the side wall of any angle of the hole, wherein the number of layered sampling points is determined according to the detection requirement, and the number of the layered sampling points is more than or equal to 1;
(2) when the drilled hole is an inclined hole, carrying out simultaneous layered sampling on the upper surface of the hole, wherein the number of layered sampling points is determined according to the detection requirement, and is more than or equal to 1;
and directly carrying out sample separation and packaging on the taken layered soil sample according to the depth to obtain a layered soil packaging sample.
And 4, detection:
and (4) processing and detecting the layered soil encapsulation sample to obtain a detection result.
A deep soil sampler is applied to the deep soil sampling and sample dividing detection method, and comprises a sampling rod 1 and a sampling groove 2; the sampling rod is provided with scale marks; the number of the sampling grooves 2 is multiple, and the sampling grooves 2 are longitudinally distributed along the sampling rod 1;
in the technical scheme, the sampling rod 1 is a fixed rod or a telescopic rod;
in the technical scheme, the sampling grooves 2 can be freely detached or installed at any longitudinal position of the sampling rod, so that the quantity and the distance between adjacent sampling grooves 2 can be conveniently adjusted, and the sampling grooves 2 are used for scraping soil samples on the side wall and collecting the samples;
in the technical scheme, the sampling groove 2 and the upper end of the sampling rod 1 form an included angle of 30-90 degrees in the longitudinal direction;
in the technical scheme, the root groove depth of the sampling groove 2 is greater than the tip groove depth;
in the technical scheme, the root part of the sampling groove 2 is also provided with a collecting groove 3 for collecting the soil sample of the inclined plane drilling;
In the technical scheme, the upper part of the sampling rod 1 is provided with a motor connecting rod 4 which is used for connecting a motor to automatically sample;
in the technical scheme, the top end of the sampling rod 1 is provided with a manual handle 5 for manually holding and sampling;
in the above technical solution, the manual handle 5 can be freely detached or installed.
Compared with the prior art, the deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, sampling is carried out on the side wall of the drilled hole by the method, so that the sampling point is more accurate; and the problem of mutual pollution among soil layers is prevented, and the detection result is more accurate.
According to the method, the multiple sampling points are simultaneously sampled on the side wall of the drill hole, repeated sampling is not needed, the sampling time is effectively saved, and the deviation between parallel samples is reduced.
Third, the sampling rod is provided with scale marks, so that the sampling depth can be accurately indicated, and the installation position of the sampling groove can be indicated.
After multipoint sampling, the sampling packaging is carried out according to the depth directly indicated by the scale marks on the sampling rod, so that the sampling packaging is clearer and more convenient, and sample confusion is avoided.
And fifthly, the sampling rod is designed to be telescopic, so that the storage space is effectively saved.
Sixthly, the sampling grooves designed by the invention can be freely detached or arranged at any longitudinal position of the sampling rod, so that the quantity and the distance between adjacent sampling grooves can be conveniently adjusted, and the sampling grooves are used for scraping soil samples on the side wall and collecting the samples; and sample slot and sample pole upper end vertically are 30 ~ 90 contained angles, can be better scrape get soil, avoid soil to drop into lower floor's sample slot, prevent to pollute.
And seventhly, the root groove depth of the sampling groove is larger than the tip groove depth, so that soil is effectively collected, and a sufficient sampling amount is obtained.
Eighthly, a collecting groove is formed in the root of the sampling groove and is used for collecting the soil sample of the inclined surface drilling hole, the soil sampling of the inclined surface is difficult, and the soil sample is easy to spill by only depending on the sampling groove, so that the collecting groove is designed, and the problem of difficulty in collection is solved;
the upper part of the sampling rod is provided with a motor connecting rod, the top end of the sampling rod is provided with a manual handle which can be freely detached or installed, and the motor connecting rod can be connected with a motor to perform automatic sampling; the manual handle can also be used for manual hand-held sampling; the sampling mode is more flexible.
In conclusion, the method of the invention designs the sampling on the side wall of the drill hole, designs the sampler according to the sampling method, has more accurate sampling, prevents mutual pollution among layers, can realize convenient one-time multipoint sampling, has good practical value and is particularly suitable for full-term accurate analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sampler used in a deep soil sampling and sample-dividing detection method according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sampler used in a deep soil sampling and sample-dividing detection method according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sampling state of a deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sampling state of a deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
in FIGS. 1-4: 1-a sampling rod, 2-a sampling groove, 3-a collecting tank, 4-a motor connecting rod and 5-a manual handle.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and figures 1 to 4, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example 1
In the embodiment, sampling is carried out on a certain soil sampling point, the sampling depth is 2 meters, and vertical layered sampling is carried out on 0.5 meter, 1 meter and 1.5 meters respectively.
A deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method comprises the following steps:
selecting a sampling place, and then pre-drilling by using a drilling machine, wherein the drilling is vertical drilling, and the drilling depth is 1.8 m;
taking out the drill bit of the drilling machine to form a soil layer hole; carrying out simultaneous layered sampling on the side wall of any angle of the hole, aligning the 0 scale of the sampling rod with the ground surface, and determining the number of layered sampling points to be 3 points according to the detection requirement, namely 0.5 meter, 1 meter and 1.5 meters;
and directly sampling and packaging the taken 3 layered soil samples according to the depths of 0.5 meter, 1 meter and 1.5 meters to obtain layered soil packaging samples.
And 4, detection:
and (3) processing and detecting the layered soil encapsulation sample to obtain soil sample detection results with the depths of 0.5 meter, 1 meter and 1.5 meters.
A deep soil sampler, which is applied to the above deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the sampler comprises a sampling rod 1 and a sampling groove 2; the sampling rod is provided with scale marks; the number of the sampling grooves 2 is 3, and the 3 sampling grooves 2 are longitudinally distributed along the sampling rod 1;
the sampling rod 1 is a fixed rod, 3 sampling grooves 2 are respectively arranged at the positions of 0.5 meter, 1 meter and 1.5 meter of the scale mark of the sampling rod 1, and the sampling grooves 2 are used for scraping soil samples on the side wall and collecting the samples; the sampling groove 2 and the upper end of the sampling rod 1 longitudinally form an included angle of 80 degrees;
the root groove depth of the sampling groove 2 is greater than the tip groove depth;
the upper part of a sampling rod 1 of the sampler of the embodiment is provided with a motor connecting rod 4 which is used for connecting a motor to automatically sample, and the scale 0 of the sampling rod is flush with the ground surface; through probation, the sampling effect is very good, and the problems of layered soil sampling and mutual soil layer pollution are avoided.
Example 2
The embodiment samples at a certain soil sampling point, the sampling depth is 2 meters on the inclined plane, and layered sampling is respectively carried out on the inclined plane by 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters.
A deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method comprises the following steps:
selecting a sampling place, and then pre-drilling by using a drilling machine, wherein the drilling is inclined drilling, the inclination is 50 degrees, and the inclined plane drilling depth is 1.8 meters;
taking out the drill bit of the drilling machine to form a soil layer hole; carrying out simultaneous layered sampling on the upper surface of the hole, aligning the 0-scale of the sampling rod with the ground surface, and taking 3 layered sampling points, namely, the inclined plane is 0.5 meter, and the depths are 1 meter and 1.5 meters;
and directly carrying out sample separation and encapsulation on the 3 taken layered soil samples according to the depths of 0.5 meter, 1 meter and 1.5 meter of the inclined plane to obtain layered soil encapsulation samples.
And 4, detection:
and (3) processing and detecting the layered soil encapsulation sample to obtain soil sample detection results with the depths of the inclined planes of 0.5 meter, 1 meter and 1.5 meters.
A deep soil sampler, which is applied to the above deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the sampler comprises a sampling rod 1 and a sampling groove 2; the sampling rod is provided with scale marks; the number of the sampling grooves 2 is 3, and the 3 sampling grooves 2 are longitudinally distributed along the sampling rod 1;
The sampling rod 1 is a fixed rod, 3 sampling grooves 2 are respectively arranged at the positions of 0.5 meter, 1 meter and 1.5 meter of the scale mark of the sampling rod 1, the sampling grooves 2 are used for scraping soil samples on the side wall and collecting the samples, and the root parts of the sampling grooves 2 are also provided with collecting grooves 3 for collecting soil samples drilled on the inclined surface; the sampling groove 2 and the upper end of the sampling rod 1 form an included angle of 70 degrees in the longitudinal direction;
the root groove depth of the sampling groove 2 is greater than the tip groove depth;
the upper part of the sampling rod 1 is provided with a motor connecting rod 4, and the top end of the sampling rod 1 is provided with a manual handle 5 for manually holding for sampling; the manual handle 5 can be freely detached or attached.
The adoption of this embodiment is artifical the sample, with 0 scale of thief rod and earth's surface parallel and level, convenient and fast effectively avoids sample deviation and pollution problem, and the whole item testing result is accurate relatively.
Example 3
In the embodiment, sampling is carried out on a certain soil sampling point, the sampling depth is 2 meters, and vertical layered sampling is carried out on 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters respectively.
A deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method comprises the following steps:
selecting a sampling place, and then pre-drilling by using a drilling machine, wherein the drilling is vertical drilling, and the drilling depth is 2.2 m;
Taking out the drill bit of the drilling machine to form a soil layer hole; carrying out simultaneous layered sampling on the side wall of any angle of the hole, aligning the 0 scale of the sampling rod with the ground surface, and determining the number of layered sampling points to be 3 points, namely 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters according to the detection requirement;
and directly carrying out sample separation and encapsulation on the 3 taken layered soil samples according to the depths of 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters to obtain layered soil encapsulation samples.
and (3) processing and detecting the layered soil encapsulation sample to obtain soil sample detection results with the depths of 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters.
A deep soil sampler, which is applied to the above deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the sampler comprises a sampling rod 1 and a sampling groove 2; the sampling rod is provided with scale marks; the number of the sampling grooves 2 is 3, and the 3 sampling grooves 2 are longitudinally distributed along the sampling rod 1;
the sampling rod 1 is a fixed rod, 3 sampling grooves 2 are respectively arranged at the positions of 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters of the scale mark of the sampling rod 1, and the sampling grooves 2 are used for scraping soil samples on the side wall and collecting the samples; the sampling groove 2 and the upper end of the sampling rod 1 longitudinally form an included angle of 60 degrees;
the root groove depth of the sampling groove 2 is greater than the tip groove depth;
The upper part of a sampling rod 1 of the sampler of the embodiment is provided with a motor connecting rod 4 which is used for connecting a motor to automatically sample, and the scale 0 of the sampling rod is leveled with the ground surface; through probation, the sampling effect is very good, has avoided layering soil sampling, the problem that the soil layer pollutes each other.
Example 4
The embodiment samples at a certain soil sampling point, the sampling depth is 2 meters on the inclined plane, and layered sampling is respectively carried out on 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters on the inclined plane.
A deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method comprises the following steps:
selecting a sampling place, and then pre-drilling by using a drilling machine, wherein the drilling is inclined drilling, the inclination is 70 degrees, and the inclined plane drilling depth is 2.2 meters;
taking out the drill bit of the drilling machine to form a soil layer hole; carrying out simultaneous layered sampling on the upper surface of the hole, aligning the 0-scale of the sampling rod with the ground surface, and taking 3 layered sampling points, namely 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters of depth of the inclined plane;
and directly carrying out sample separation and encapsulation on the 3 taken layered soil samples according to the depths of 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters on the inclined plane to obtain layered soil encapsulation samples.
And 4, detection:
and (3) processing and detecting the layered soil encapsulation sample to obtain soil sample detection results with the inclined plane depths of 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters.
A deep soil sampler, which is applied to the above deep soil sampling and sample-dividing detection method, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the sampler includes a sampling rod 1 and a sampling groove 2; the sampling rod is provided with scale marks; the number of the sampling grooves 2 is 3, and the 3 sampling grooves 2 are longitudinally distributed along the sampling rod 1;
the sampling rod 1 is a fixed rod, 3 sampling grooves 2 are respectively arranged at 1 meter, 1.5 meters and 2 meters of the scale mark of the sampling rod 1, the sampling grooves 2 are used for scraping soil samples on the side wall and collecting the samples, and a collecting tank 3 is also arranged at the root of each sampling groove 2 and used for collecting soil samples drilled on an inclined plane; the sampling groove 2 and the upper end of the sampling rod 1 form an included angle of 80 degrees in the longitudinal direction;
the root groove depth of the sampling groove 2 is greater than the tip groove depth;
the upper part of a sampling rod 1 of the sampler of the embodiment is provided with a motor connecting rod 4 which is used for connecting a motor to automatically sample, and the scale 0 of the sampling rod is flush with the ground surface; through probation, the sampling effect is very good, and the problems of layered soil sampling and mutual soil layer pollution are avoided.
Claims (10)
1. A deep soil sampling and sample separation detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, pre-drilling:
selecting a sampling place, and then pre-drilling by using a drilling machine, wherein the drilling is vertical drilling or inclined drilling, and the drilling depth is set according to the soil layer depth required by sampling;
Step 2, sampling:
taking out the drill bit of the drilling machine to form a soil layer hole;
(1) when the drilled hole is a vertical hole, carrying out simultaneous layered sampling on the side wall of any angle of the hole, wherein the number of layered sampling points is determined according to the detection requirement, and the number of the layered sampling points is more than or equal to 1;
(2) when the drilled hole is an inclined hole, carrying out simultaneous layered sampling on the upper surface of the hole, wherein the number of layered sampling points is determined according to the detection requirement, and is more than or equal to 1;
step 3, sample division:
and directly carrying out sample separation and packaging on the taken layered soil sample according to the depth to obtain a layered soil packaging sample.
Step 4, detection:
and (4) processing and detecting the layered soil encapsulation sample to obtain a detection result.
2. A deep soil sampler used in the method for sampling and sorting deep soil according to claim 1, wherein the sampler comprises a sampling rod (1) and a sampling groove (2); the sampling rod is provided with scale marks; the sampling grooves (2) are a plurality of, and the sampling grooves (2) are longitudinally arranged along the sampling rod (1).
3. The deep soil sampler according to claim 2, wherein the sampling rod (1) is a fixed rod or a telescopic rod.
4. The deep soil sampler according to claim 2, wherein the sampling grooves (2) can be freely detached or mounted at any position in the longitudinal direction of the sampling rod, so that the number and the distance between adjacent sampling grooves (2) can be adjusted, and the sampling grooves (2) are used for scraping side soil samples and collecting the samples.
5. The deep soil sampler according to claim 2, wherein the sampling groove (2) forms an angle of 30-90 degrees with the upper end of the sampling rod (1) in the longitudinal direction.
6. The deep soil sampler according to claim 2 wherein the sampling trench (2) has a root groove depth greater than a tip groove depth.
7. The deep soil sampler according to claim 2, wherein the sampling groove (2) is further provided at the root with a collecting groove (3) for collecting the soil sample by slant drilling.
8. The deep soil sampler according to claim 2, wherein the upper part of the sampling rod (1) is provided with a motor connecting rod (4) for connecting a motor to automatically sample.
9. The deep soil sampler according to claim 2, wherein the sampling rod (1) is provided at its top end with a manual handle (5) for manual hand-held sampling.
10. The deep soil sampler according to claim 9, wherein the manual handle (5) is freely detachable or attachable.
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| CN116242660A (en) * | 2023-01-04 | 2023-06-09 | 泰科检测科技江苏有限公司 | Soil pollution monitoring device |
| CN116242660B (en) * | 2023-01-04 | 2024-05-17 | 泰科检测科技江苏有限公司 | Soil pollution monitoring device |
| CN116297421A (en) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-06-23 | 速度时空信息科技股份有限公司 | Multi-layer deep soil detection and analysis system |
| CN116297421B (en) * | 2023-01-31 | 2024-02-02 | 速度科技股份有限公司 | Multi-layer deep soil detection and analysis system |
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