CN114517702B - Circulating type energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Circulating type energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114517702B CN114517702B CN202210166185.8A CN202210166185A CN114517702B CN 114517702 B CN114517702 B CN 114517702B CN 202210166185 A CN202210166185 A CN 202210166185A CN 114517702 B CN114517702 B CN 114517702B
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0086—Bearing plates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/022—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
- F16F15/027—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means comprising control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
- F16F15/085—Use of both rubber and metal springs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a circulating type energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of underground engineering anchoring. The high-strength steel plate type energy-absorbing and buffering component comprises a high-strength steel plate, a foldable spring sleeve, a compression spring, a rubber buffering base plate, a groove type tray, a circulating type energy-absorbing and buffering device and the like, and the component forms a three-level yielding effect. The device can play the energy-absorbing, multistage pressure effect of stepping down before the anchor rope structure takes place the large deformation, and III grades of pressure energy-absorbing devices that steps down can be according to the needs of country rock deformation control effect inside atmospheric pressure of adjusting device in order to better keep the overall stability of country rock mass and device, prevent that stock/cable structure from taking place to break, can full play stock/the ultimate strength of cable, improved the overall stability of country rock reinforcement body. The energy-absorbing multi-stage yielding anchor has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation, energy absorption, multi-stage yielding and good anchoring effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circulating type energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device and a using method thereof, which are particularly suitable for the technical field of underground engineering anchoring.
Background
The problem of deep surrounding rock stability is gradually highlighted, and the problems of breakage, easy deformation and easy collapse are more and more. The anchor rod/cable supporting technology is also continuously improved, the prestressed anchor rod/cable technology is continuously improved in recent years, the prestressed anchoring supporting technology is widely applied to the field of a plurality of rock and soil reinforcement and supporting engineering, and abundant engineering practical experience is accumulated.
With the continuous increase of the number and the depth of the coal mine tunnels, the geological conditions faced by large-scale tunnel engineering construction are increasingly complex, and the problem of geological stability, particularly the problem of large deformation of surrounding rocks, often occurs. In the area of the large deformation of the surrounding rock, the elastic limit deformation range of the anchor cable is weak, when the anchor cable exceeds the limit bearing deformation length or strength of the anchor cable, the anchor cable is broken and fails, and further the safety accidents of underground engineering can be caused. Therefore, the anchor cable is required to be capable of adapting to the condition under the condition that surrounding rocks have the characteristic of large deformation, has larger deformation capacity without self-breaking, and continues to exert the anchoring effect, so that the anchor cable can not only ensure the safety and stability of underground engineering, but also reduce the cost of repeated supporting. When the traditional prestressed anchor cable support is applied to the fields of soft rock slopes, foundation pits, mine roadways, deep underground engineering and the like, the yield deformation of the adopted steel strand is only 3-5% of the free length of the anchor cable body, and when the surrounding rock body deforms greatly, the anchor cable is broken when the yield strength of the anchor cable body exceeds the tensile strength. Meanwhile, the deformation of the surrounding rock due to the orifice fracture can generate larger transverse shear stress, so that the anchor cable body can be subjected to transverse shear failure, and the tensile strength of the anchor cable cannot be fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a circulating type energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device which is convenient to install, safe and stable, can absorb and release energy in an adjustable mode and achieves a multi-stage yielding effect and a using method thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the circulating type energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device comprises an anchor rod/cable body, wherein the anchor rod/cable body is divided into an anchoring section and a three-stage yielding section;
the I-stage yielding energy absorption device comprises a high-strength steel plate with a rectangular structure and a groove type tray, wherein round holes are formed in the centers of the high-strength steel plate and the groove type tray and are sleeved on an anchor rod/cable body, the high-strength steel plate is fixed at the tail end of the anchor rod/cable body through a fixing nut, the groove type tray is arranged at the front end of the high-strength steel plate, four foldable spring sleeves are arranged between the high-strength steel plate and the groove type tray, steel balls are arranged at two ends of each foldable spring sleeve, the middle section of each foldable spring sleeve is of a spring structure, circular grooves are formed in four corners of the high-strength steel plate on the opposite surface of the high-strength steel plate and the groove type tray respectively, four sliding chutes which are diagonally arranged are arranged on the groove type tray, one ends of the four foldable spring sleeves are arranged in the circular grooves of the high-strength steel plate, and the other ends of the four foldable spring sleeves are arranged in the rib type sliding chutes of the groove type tray and roll in a resistance manner;
the II-stage yielding energy absorption device comprises a rubber buffer base plate, the rubber buffer base plate is sleeved on the anchor rod/cable body, a plurality of compression springs are horizontally connected between the rubber buffer base plate and the back surface of the rib-shaped chute surface of the groove type tray around the anchor rod/cable body, and each compression spring is internally provided with a metal column which is connected with the groove type tray and used for preventing the stroke of the compression spring from being completely compressed;
the III-stage pressure yielding and energy absorbing device comprises an outer pressure cylinder, an inner pressure cylinder is hermetically sleeved in the outer pressure cylinder, a sealed cavity is formed between the inner side of the outer pressure cylinder and the outer side of the inner pressure cylinder, a rubber ring which can move outside the inner pressure cylinder through pressure is arranged between the inner pressure cylinder and the outer pressure cylinder in the sealed cavity, the front end of the inner pressure cylinder is provided with a plurality of oil drainage holes, and the sealed cavity is provided with a ventilation pipe extending backwards; a piston is arranged at the opening of the internal pressure cylinder, the piston is connected with the rubber buffer base plate, and hydraulic oil is filled between the internal pressure cylinder and the piston; wherein, the center of the circle of the internal pressure cylinder is provided with an anchor hole which is arranged on the anchor rod/cable body.
Furthermore, the inner side of the front end of the outer pressure cylinder is provided with a limit pin for preventing the rubber ring from moving to the end part of the inner pressure cylinder to drop.
Furthermore, the air exchange pipe extends out of the surrounding rock body, an air inlet is arranged on the air exchange pipe, and an air pressure valve and a pressure gauge are arranged at the outlet of the air inlet.
Further, the rubber ring divides the space in the sealed cavity into an oil discharge cavity and a high-pressure air cavity, wherein the oil discharge cavity communicated with the oil drainage hole of the internal pressure cylinder is connected with the high-pressure air cavity connected with the ventilation pipe.
Further, the metal protection sleeve is of a single-opening structure at the tail, a flange structure extending outwards is arranged at the opening, and a fixed iron block used for being cushioned on the surrounding rock body is arranged on the flange structure.
And further, plastic conduits are wrapped on anchor rods/cable bodies of the II-stage yielding energy absorption device and the III-stage yielding energy absorption device.
A working method of a circulating type energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device comprises the following steps:
firstly, drilling an anchoring hole in a surrounding rock body, and then replacing a drill bit on the basis of the anchoring hole to drill an enlarged hole, wherein the size of the enlarged hole is matched with that of the metal protective sleeve;
then, utilizing the anchor rod/cable body to jack resin anchoring agent to the bottom of the anchoring hole and stir, placing the metal protective sleeve into the anchoring hole, and installing the three-stage yielding energy-absorbing device into the metal protective sleeve;
thereby make stock/cable body begin to warp when the country rock mass warp, the tertiary energy-absorbing device that lets at this moment lets pressure follows stock/cable body and begins to let the pressure energy-absorbing, specifically:
the I-level yielding energy absorption device starts yielding work: the groove type tray is stressed and pulled inwards, the high-strength steel plate receives force in the same direction at the moment, the force borne by the high-strength steel plate is transmitted to the foldable sleeve, the spring in the foldable sleeve is extruded, the steel ball close to one end of the tray is extruded and slides to the outermost edge in the rib-shaped clamping groove in the surface of the tray, and then the spring is continuously compressed to absorb energy;
II grades of let and press the energy-absorbing device and begin to let and press work: the high-strength steel plate presses the groove type tray and then extrudes the groove type tray, the groove type tray continues to move and extrude a compression spring arranged between the groove type tray and a rubber buffer base plate, the compression spring is continuously compressed until the length is shortened to be the same as that of the metal column, the metal column pushes the rubber buffer base plate, the pressure yielding and energy absorbing effects are realized, and meanwhile, the metal column is utilized to prevent the compression spring from being extruded too much to lose elasticity;
the III-level yielding energy-absorbing device is started formally after a metal column in the II-level yielding energy-absorbing device contacts a rubber buffer base plate and then applies acting force, the movement of a piston is relatively small and does not cause internal and external pressure circulation, the piston extrudes an internal pressure cylinder under the pushing action of the rubber buffer base plate, the initial oil pressure of an oil unloading cavity in the III-level yielding energy-absorbing device is 2 to 3 MPa, the air pressure of a high-pressure air cavity is 0.5 to 1.0 MPa, when the oil pressure in the internal pressure cylinder in the movement of the piston is increased to 3 to 5MPa, hydraulic oil extrudes a rubber ring and a rubber ring from an oil drainage hole, the rubber ring moves to the outer side of the external pressure cylinder and also can give the actual extrusion force of the high-pressure air to be 3 to 5MPa, and at the moment, the air pressure in the high-pressure air cavity is reduced to 0.5 to 1.0 MPa by opening a pneumatic valve to release part of compressed air, so as to achieve the purposes of pressure of the anchor rod/cable body and release energy accumulated in the surrounding rock;
finally, continuously observing the reading of the pressure gauge, when the pressure in the high-pressure air cavity is lower than 0.5 MPa, properly filling a part of compressed air to gradually increase the pressure to 3-5 MPa, and extruding the hydraulic oil back into the internal pressure cylinder by pushing the rubber ring to move; the flow direction of the hydraulic oil is changed by adjusting the pressure in the high-pressure air cavity, and meanwhile, the hydraulic oil can also apply reverse acting force to the piston so as to realize the functions of circulating energy absorption and pressure yielding.
Further, when the surrounding rock body deforms to enable the anchor rod/cable body to start deforming, the I-level yielding energy absorption device, the II-level yielding energy absorption device and the III-level yielding energy absorption device are all started to work, the anchor rod/cable body pulls the groove type tray in the deformation process, the groove type tray is connected with the I-level yielding energy absorption device, the II-level yielding energy absorption device and the III-level yielding energy absorption device, wherein the III-level yielding energy absorption device starts to really perform circulating energy absorption, after the I-level yielding energy absorption device is completely acted and a metal column in the II-level yielding energy absorption device is contacted with a rubber buffer base plate, a piston in the III-level yielding energy absorption device only moves relatively slightly before, and the pressure in a cylinder is increased slightly, when the I-level yielding energy absorption device and the II-level yielding energy absorption device completely act, a piston in the III-level yielding energy absorption device extrudes hydraulic oil of an inner pressure cylinder to increase the pressure to 3 to 5MPa in the movement generated by the continuous deformation of an anchor rod/cable body, the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil transmits the pressure to an outer pressure cylinder, the hydraulic oil entering a relief cavity pushes a rubber ring to move, the pressure in a high-pressure gas cavity is compressed, when the pressure is increased to 3 to 5MPa, the gas is released through a gas pressure valve to reduce the pressure to 0.5 to 1 MPa, a buffer space is reserved for the III-level yielding energy absorption device, the reading of a pressure gauge is observed, and when the reading on the pressure gauge is less than 0.5 MPa, the gas is filled through a gas inlet to increase the gas pressure to 3 to 5MPa; the air pressure is adjusted by circularly releasing and filling air, so that the effects of circularly absorbing energy and yielding pressure are realized.
Has the advantages that: due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the multistage constant-resistance large-deformation yielding function of the device is realized through the deformation of the three-stage yielding energy absorption device, and the device can be suitable for the underground engineering fields of deep large-deformation coal roadways, deep buried tunnels and the like. The device can take place when the big deformation at the country rock, can play and let the pressure effect step by step, allow the anchor rope body to produce great deformation and can not lead to the destruction unstability of device, in addition, III grades let the pressure energy-absorbing device can adjust the hydraulic pressure and the atmospheric pressure buffering of internal pressure, can input or discharge compressed air and then adjust the internal pressure size according to the pressure size of inside, through the position that changes the inside rubber circle of outer pressure cylinder, and then reach circulating absorption country rock deformation energy effect, the efficiency that prevents rock burst has, protect the two overall stability of country rock and supporting device well. The invention has the characteristics of energy absorption and release, multi-stage yielding, stable structure, safety, reliability and the like, can meet the requirements of large deformation and rock burst of deep coal mine tunnels, and is a stable large-deformation yielding support form. Simple structure conveniently adjusts internal pressure circulation energy-absorbing, and multistage pressure of stepping down, the practical function is good, has extensive practicality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a borehole in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the metal protective sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a layout view of the metal protective sleeves, plastic conduits, specially made trays and anchor cable bodies of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the circulating energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a high-strength steel plate in a class I yielding energy absorption device in the invention;
FIG. 5 (b) is a schematic structural view of a groove-type tray in the I-stage yielding energy-absorbing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 (c) is a schematic structural diagram of a folding spring sleeve in the stage I yielding energy-absorbing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a left side view of a class I yielding energy absorbing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 (a) is a schematic structural view of an inner pressure cylinder of a class III yielding energy-absorbing device in the invention;
FIG. 7 (b) is a schematic structural view of an outer pressure cylinder of a class III yielding energy-absorbing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 (c) is a left side view of a class III yielding energy absorbing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 (d) is a right side view of the class III crush energy absorber of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-surrounding rock mass, 2-high-strength steel plate, 3-foldable spring sleeve, 4-groove type tray, 5-compression spring, 6-metal column, 7-rubber buffer backing plate, 8-piston, 9-oil drainage hole, 10-rubber ring, 11-pneumatic valve, 12-air inlet, 13-metal protective sleeve, 14-plastic conduit, 15-pressure gauge, 16-anchor rod/cable body, 17-fixing nut, 18-air exchange tube, 19-limit pin, 20-anchor hole, 21-enlarged hole, 22-internal pressure cylinder, 23-external pressure cylinder, 24-fixed iron block, 25-hydraulic oil and 26-resin anchoring agent.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 4, the circulating energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device of the invention comprises an anchor rod/cable body 16, wherein the anchor rod/cable body 16 is divided into an anchoring section and a three-stage yielding section, the three-stage yielding end is provided with a metal protective sleeve 13, and a first-stage yielding energy-absorbing device, a second-stage yielding energy-absorbing device and a third-stage yielding energy-absorbing device are respectively arranged in the metal protective sleeve 13 from the tail part close to the anchor rod/cable body 16; the protective sleeve 13 is of a single-opening structure at the tail, a flange structure which extends outwards is arranged at the opening, and a fixed iron block 24 which is used for being cushioned on the surrounding rock body 1 is arranged on the flange structure. And the anchor rod/cable body 16 positioned on the II-grade yielding energy-absorbing device and the III-grade yielding energy-absorbing device is wrapped with a plastic conduit 14.
As shown in fig. 5 (a), fig. 5 (b), fig. 5 (c) and fig. 6, the first-stage yielding energy-absorbing device includes a high-strength steel plate 2 and a groove-type tray 4 with a rectangular structure, the centers of the high-strength steel plate 2 and the groove-type tray 4 are provided with round holes sleeved on an anchor rod/cable body 16, wherein the high-strength steel plate 2 is fixed at the tail end of the anchor rod/cable body 16 through a fixing nut 17, the groove-type tray 4 is arranged at the front end of the high-strength steel plate 2, four foldable spring sleeves 3 are arranged between the high-strength steel plate 2 and the groove-type tray 4, two ends of the foldable spring sleeves 3 are steel balls, the middle section is of a spring structure, wherein circular grooves are respectively arranged at four corners of the high-strength steel plate 2 on the opposite surfaces of the high-strength steel plate 2 and the groove-type tray 4, four rib-shaped chutes arranged at opposite angles are arranged on the groove-type tray 4, one end of the four foldable rib-shaped spring sleeves 3 is arranged in the circular groove of the high-strength steel plate 2, and the other end is arranged in the chute of the groove-type tray 4 to resist rolling;
the II-stage yielding energy absorption device comprises a rubber buffer base plate 7, the rubber buffer base plate 7 is sleeved on an anchor rod/cable body 16, a plurality of compression springs 5 are horizontally connected between the rubber buffer base plate 7 and the back surface of the rib-shaped sliding groove surface of the groove type tray 4 around the anchor rod/cable body 16, and each compression spring 5 is internally provided with a metal column 6 which is connected with the groove type tray 4 and prevents the stroke of each compression spring 5 from being completely compressed;
as shown in fig. 7 (a), fig. 7 (b), fig. 7 (c) and fig. 7 (d), the class iii yielding energy-absorbing device includes an outer pressure cylinder 23, an inner pressure cylinder 22 is hermetically sleeved inside the outer pressure cylinder 23, a sealed cavity is formed inside the outer pressure cylinder 23 and outside the inner pressure cylinder 22, a rubber ring 10 which can move outside the inner pressure cylinder 22 by pressure is arranged inside the sealed cavity between the inner pressure cylinder 22 and the outer pressure cylinder 23, a plurality of oil drainage holes 9 are opened at the front end of the inner pressure cylinder 22, and a ventilation pipe 18 which extends backwards is arranged on the sealed cavity; a piston 8 is arranged at the opening of the internal pressure cylinder 22, the piston 8 is connected with the rubber buffer backing plate 7, and hydraulic oil 25 is filled between the internal pressure cylinder 22 and the piston 8; wherein the inner pressure cylinder 22 is provided with an anchor hole 20 at the center, and is arranged on the anchor rod/cable body 16 through the anchor hole 20. The inner side of the front end of the outer pressure cylinder 23 is provided with a limit pin 19 which prevents the rubber ring 10 from moving to the end part of the inner pressure cylinder 22 and falling off. The air exchange tube 18 extends to the outside of the surrounding rock body 1, an air inlet 12 is arranged on the air exchange tube 18, and an air pressure valve 11 and a pressure gauge 15 are arranged at the outlet of the air inlet 12. The rubber ring 10 divides the space in the sealed cavity into an oil discharge cavity and a high pressure air cavity, wherein the oil discharge cavity communicated with the oil discharge hole 9 of the inner pressure cylinder 22 is connected with the air exchange pipe 18.
A working method of a circulating type energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1-4, firstly, an anchoring hole 20 is drilled in the rock surrounding body 1, and then an enlarged hole 21 is drilled by replacing a drill bit on the basis of the anchoring hole 21, wherein the size of the enlarged hole 21 is matched with that of the metal protective sleeve 13;
then, resin anchoring agent 26 is jacked into the bottom of the anchoring hole 20 by using the anchor rod/cable body 16 and is stirred, the metal protective sleeve 13 is placed into the anchoring hole 21, and the three-stage yielding energy-absorbing device is arranged into the metal protective sleeve 13;
thereby it begins to warp to enclose rock mass 1 and make stock/cable body 16, and the tertiary energy-absorbing device that lets at this moment lets pressure begins to let the pressure energy-absorbing along with stock/cable body 16, specifically:
i level lets presses the energy-absorbing device and begins to let and presses work: the groove type tray 4 is pulled inwards under the stress, the high-strength steel plate 2 receives the force in the same direction at the moment, the force borne by the high-strength steel plate 2 is transmitted to the foldable sleeve 3, the spring in the foldable sleeve 3 is extruded, the steel ball close to one end of the tray is extruded and slides to the outermost edge in the rib-shaped clamping groove on the surface of the tray, and then the spring is continuously compressed to absorb energy;
the II-level yielding energy absorption device starts yielding work: the high-strength steel plate 2 presses the groove type tray 4 and then extrudes the groove type tray 4, the groove type tray 4 continuously moves and extrudes the compression spring 5 arranged between the groove type tray 4 and the rubber buffer backing plate 7, the compression spring 5 is continuously compressed until the length is shortened to be the same as that of the metal column 6, the metal column 6 pushes against the rubber buffer backing plate 7, the functions of yielding and energy absorption are realized, and meanwhile, the metal column 6 is utilized to prevent the compression spring 5 from being extruded too much to lose elasticity;
the III-level yielding energy absorption device is started formally after a metal column 6 in the II-level yielding energy absorption device contacts a rubber buffer base plate 7 and then applies acting force, the movement of a piston 8 is relatively small and does not cause internal and external pressure circulation, the piston 8 extrudes an internal pressure cylinder 22 under the pushing action of the rubber buffer base plate 7, as the initial oil pressure of an oil unloading cavity in the III-level yielding energy absorption device is 2 to 3 MPa, and the air pressure of a high-pressure air cavity is 0.5 to 1.0 MPa, when the oil pressure in the pressure cylinder 22 is increased to 3 to 5MPa in the movement of the piston 8, hydraulic oil 25 extrudes a rubber ring 10 from an oil drainage hole 9, the rubber ring 10 moves to the outer side of an external pressure cylinder 23 and also can give the actual extrusion force of the high-pressure air to 3 to 5MPa, and at the moment, the air pressure in the high-pressure air cavity is reduced to 0.5 to 1.0 MPa by opening a part of compressed air released by opening an air pressure valve 11, so as to achieve the purposes of yielding and releasing the energy accumulated in the anchor rod/cable body 16;
finally, continuously observing the reading of the pressure gauge 15, when the pressure in the high-pressure air cavity is lower than 0.5 MPa, properly filling a part of compressed air to gradually increase the pressure to 3-5 MPa, and pushing the rubber ring 10 to move to extrude the hydraulic oil 25 back into the internal pressure cylinder 22; the flow direction of the hydraulic oil 25 is changed by adjusting the pressure in the high-pressure air chamber, and meanwhile, the hydraulic oil 25 can also apply reverse acting force to the piston 8, so that the circulating energy absorption and pressure yielding effects are realized.
Specifically, when the surrounding rock body 1 deforms to enable the anchor rod/cable body 16 to start to deform, the I-grade yielding energy absorption device, the II-grade yielding energy absorption device and the III-grade yielding energy absorption device are all started to work, the anchor rod/cable body 16 pulls the groove type tray 4 in the deformation process, the groove type tray 4 is connected with the I-grade yielding energy absorption device, the II-grade yielding energy absorption device and the III-grade yielding energy absorption device, wherein when the III-grade yielding energy absorption device starts to actually perform circulating energy absorption, after the I-grade yielding energy absorption device is completely acted and the metal column 6 in the II-grade yielding energy absorption device is contacted with the rubber buffer base plate 7, the piston 8 in the III-grade yielding energy absorption device only moves relatively slightly before, and the pressure of the internal pressure cylinder 22 is increased slightly, after the I-level yielding energy absorption device and the II-level yielding energy absorption device are completely acted, a piston 8 in the III-level yielding energy absorption device extrudes hydraulic oil 25 of an inner pressure cylinder 22 in the movement generated by the continuous deformation of an anchor rod/cable body 16 to increase the pressure to 3 to 5MPa, the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil 25 transmits the pressure to an outer pressure cylinder 23, the hydraulic oil 25 entering an oil unloading cavity pushes a rubber ring 10 to move, the pressure in a high-pressure gas cavity is compressed, the pressure is increased to 3 to 5MPa, the pressure is reduced to 0.5 to 1 MPa by releasing gas through a gas pressure valve 11, a buffer space is reserved for the III-level yielding energy absorption device, the reading of a pressure gauge 15 is observed, and when the reading on the pressure gauge 15 is less than 0.5 MPa, the gas is filled through a gas inlet 12 to increase the gas pressure to 3 to 5MPa; the air pressure is adjusted by circularly releasing and filling air, so that the effects of circularly absorbing energy and yielding pressure are realized.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the folding spring sleeve of the I-level yielding energy absorption device is composed of a folding sleeve shell and a spring with the same inner diameter, one end of the folding spring sleeve is connected to a clamping groove of the high-strength steel plate, the other end of the folding spring sleeve is connected to a rib-shaped sliding groove in the groove type tray, and an anchor cable body between the high-strength steel plate and the groove type tray is smooth. When the anchor rope removed the process, even the one end in grooved tray slided in taking ribbed spout, at first can stop at the spout extreme edge, then began to compress folded spring sleeve, and folded spring sleeve is drawing the high strength backing plate and is removing to grooved tray, and finally the two contacts. The II-level yielding energy absorption device is composed of springs, metal columns are arranged on the groove type tray, the device can compress the springs when the anchor cable body moves, the rubber buffer base plate plays a role in buffering after the metal columns are in contact with the rubber buffer base plate, and then yielding of the III-level device is started. The III-level yielding and energy-absorbing device consists of a hydraulic and air pressure buffer device capable of adjusting internal pressure, the rubber buffer base plate compresses the piston after the I-level and II-level yielding and energy-absorbing devices take effect, the piston extrudes hydraulic oil in the inner container, the hydraulic oil is compressed to the outer container from a metal plate with countless small holes at the bottom of the inner container, 2/3 parts of the outer container are filled with compressed air at the beginning, the inner side of the outer container can be filled with the hydraulic oil in the inner container, and a movable annular sealing oil-resistant rubber ring is arranged between the outer container and the inner container. A circle of fixed metal plate is arranged at the bottommost end of the outer container, so that the phenomenon that the compressed air is compressed to the bottom end of the outer container too much to damage the isolation effect of the compressed air and the hydraulic oil is avoided. A metal pipe extends out of the lower side of the outer container to the outside of the surrounding rock body, a pressure valve and a pressure gauge are arranged on the metal pipe, the pressure inside the outer container can be read through the pressure gauge, and compressed air is selectively released or filled according to the pressure to adjust the relation between the inside and hydraulic oil, so that the effects of adjusting the movement of an inner piston and fully absorbing energy are achieved.
The invention relates to a method for a circulating type energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device, which consists of three-stage yielding parts, wherein the I-stage yielding energy-absorbing device is a component shown in figure 3, and a high-strength steel plate 2, a groove type tray 4 and a folding type spring sleeve 3 are sequentially arranged from left to right, the high-strength steel plate 2 is provided with 4 buckles at four corners to be connected with one end of the folding type spring sleeve 3, a nut 17 or a lock 17 is fixed at the left side of the high-strength steel plate 2 during assembly, a left side anchor rod cable body 16 is in a threaded shape, a right side anchor rod cable 16 to a rubber buffer backing plate 7 are in a smooth shape, a compression spring 5 is arranged inside the folding type spring sleeve 3, the sleeve is in a folding type, a steel ball at the other end of the spring sleeve 3 can slide in a chute 41, the groove type tray 4 is provided with 4 chutes 41, the inner wall of the chute 41 is in a rib shape, and has a resistance effect on the movement of the steel ball, and 4 metal posts 6 are welded at the other side of the groove type tray 4 and are respectively arranged in the upper, lower, left and right directions. II grades let and press energy-absorbing device include that recess formula tray 4, compression spring 5 and rubber cushion pad 7 constitute, recess formula tray 4 can move to the right side along with the anchor rope, lead to compression spring 5 compression deformation earlier in the removal in-process, compress to when together with 6 lengths of metal post at compression spring 5, metal post 6 will touch rubber cushion pad 7, rubber cushion pad 7 plays the cushioning effect, then continue to trigger III grades to let to anchor eye 20 inboard extrusion and press. The III-level yielding energy absorption device is a hydraulic buffer device with the internal adjustable pressure, the detailed diagram is shown in figure 4, the device comprises two pressure cylinders, an internal pressure cylinder 22 and an external pressure cylinder 23, the internal pressure cylinder 22 comprises a piston 8, hydraulic oil and a bottom plate containing an oil drainage hole 9, the external pressure cylinder 23 is an annular cylinder container surrounding the internal pressure cylinder 22, a limit pin 19 is arranged at the bottom of the external pressure cylinder 23, a movable rubber plug 10 is arranged at the annular inner side 1/3, a ventilating pipe 18 extending out of the surrounding rock body 1 is arranged at the outermost side, a pneumatic valve 11, a pressure gauge 15 and a ventilating port 12 are arranged above the external pressure cylinder 23, the internal part of the external pressure cylinder 23 comprises compressed air close to the outer side of an anchor hole 20 and hydraulic oil close to the inner side of the anchor hole 20, the pressure gauge 15 is used for reading the pressure value of the compressed air in the ventilating pipe 18, according to the reading value of the pressure gauge 15, the pressure of the internal compressed air is adjusted, if the pressure value is too large, the III-stage yielding effect is too strong, the piston 8 moves too much inwards, hydraulic oil is squeezed into the outer pressure cylinder 23 from the inner pressure cylinder 22 more, the air pressure valve 11 can be opened properly to discharge part of the compressed air, if the pressure value is too small, the III-stage yielding effect is not obvious, the piston 8 does not move much, the air pressure valve 11 can be opened to charge a proper amount of compressed air into the inner pressure cylinder 23, the pressure outside the outer pressure cylinder 23 is increased, the hydraulic oil in the outer pressure cylinder 23 can be pressed into the inner pressure cylinder 22 from the oil drainage hole 9, the piston 8 is squeezed to the position outside the anchor hole 20, and the III-stage yielding energy-absorbing device has the function of circularly adjusting the internal pressure.
In conclusion, the I, II and III-grade yielding energy absorption devices play a role, the structure of the anchor rope body can be protected to stably provide constant resistance when the surrounding rock body is deformed greatly, particularly, the III-grade yielding energy absorption device can change the position of an internal piston by adjusting internal pressure, and can absorb and release energy when the coal roadway is deformed, so that the integral stability of the anchor rope body and the device is protected. The device is suitable for underground engineering such as deep large-deformation roadways, rock burst roadways and the like, is positioned in the drill hole, does not cause the anchoring device to be exposed to utilize the surface space of surrounding rocks, and is favorable for popularization and application in the underground engineering.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a circulating energy-absorbing lets presses big deformation anchor, its characterized in that: the anchor rod/cable body (16) is divided into an anchoring section and a three-level yielding section, wherein the three-level yielding end is provided with a metal protective sleeve (13), and a first-level yielding energy-absorbing device, a second-level yielding energy-absorbing device and a third-level yielding energy-absorbing device are respectively arranged in the metal protective sleeve (13) from the tail part close to the anchor rod/cable body (16);
the I-stage yielding energy absorption device comprises a high-strength steel plate (2) and a groove type tray (4) which are of rectangular structures, wherein a round hole is formed in the centers of the high-strength steel plate (2) and the groove type tray (4) and is sleeved on an anchor rod/cable body (16), the high-strength steel plate (2) is fixed at the tail end of the anchor rod/cable body (16) through a fixing nut (17), the groove type tray (4) is arranged at the front end of the high-strength steel plate (2), four foldable spring sleeves (3) are arranged between the high-strength steel plate (2) and the groove type tray (4), steel balls are arranged at two ends of each foldable spring sleeve (3), the middle section of each foldable spring sleeve is of a spring structure, circular grooves are respectively formed in four corners of the high-strength steel plate (2) on the opposite surfaces of the high-strength steel plate (2) and the groove type tray (4), four rib-shaped chutes which are arranged at opposite corners are formed in the groove type tray (4), one end of the four foldable spring sleeves (3) is arranged in the circular grooves of the high-strength steel plate (2), and the other end of the groove type tray (4) is arranged in rolling resistance;
the II-stage yielding energy absorption device comprises a rubber buffer base plate (7), the rubber buffer base plate (7) is sleeved on an anchor rod/cable body (16), a plurality of compression springs (5) are horizontally connected between the rubber buffer base plate (7) and the back surface of the rib-shaped sliding groove surface of the groove type tray (4) around the anchor rod/cable body (16), and each compression spring (5) is internally provided with a metal column (6) which is connected with the groove type tray (4) and is used for preventing the stroke of each compression spring (5) from being completely compressed;
the III-level yielding energy absorption device comprises an outer pressure cylinder (23), an inner pressure cylinder (22) is sleeved in the outer pressure cylinder (23) in a sealing manner, a sealing cavity is formed between the inner side of the outer pressure cylinder (23) and the outer side of the inner pressure cylinder (22), a rubber ring (10) capable of moving outside the inner pressure cylinder (22) through pressure is arranged between the inner pressure cylinder (22) and the outer pressure cylinder (23) in the sealing cavity, a plurality of oil drainage holes (9) are formed in the front end of the inner pressure cylinder (22), and an air exchange pipe (18) extending backwards is arranged on the sealing cavity; a piston (8) is arranged at an opening of the internal pressure cylinder (22), the piston (8) is connected with the rubber buffer backing plate (7), and hydraulic oil (25) is filled between the internal pressure cylinder (22) and the piston (8); wherein the center of the inner pressure cylinder (22) is provided with an anchor hole (20) which is arranged on the anchor rod/cable body (16) through the anchor hole (20);
the working method of the circulating energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, drilling an anchor hole (20) in a surrounding rock body (1), and then replacing a drill bit on the basis of the anchor hole (20) to drill an enlarged hole (21), wherein the size of the enlarged hole (21) is matched with that of the metal protective sleeve (13);
then, resin anchoring agent (26) is jacked to the bottom of the anchor hole (20) by using the anchor rod/cable body (16) and stirred, the metal protective sleeve (13) is placed into the enlarged hole (21), and the three-stage yielding energy-absorbing device is installed into the metal protective sleeve (13);
when the surrounding rock body (1) deforms so as to enable the anchor rod/cable body (16) to start deforming, the three-level yielding energy absorption device starts yielding energy absorption along with the anchor rod/cable body (16), and particularly:
the I-level yielding energy absorption device starts yielding work: the groove type tray (4) is stressed and pulled inwards, the high-strength steel plate (2) receives the force in the same direction at the moment, the force borne by the high-strength steel plate (2) is transmitted to the foldable sleeve (3), the spring in the foldable sleeve (3) is extruded, the steel ball close to one end of the tray is extruded and slides to the outermost edge in the rib-shaped clamping groove in the surface of the tray, and then the spring is continuously compressed to absorb energy;
the II-level yielding energy absorption device starts yielding work: the high-strength steel plate (2) presses the groove type tray (4) and then extrudes the groove type tray (4), the groove type tray (4) continues to move to extrude a compression spring (5) arranged between the groove type tray (4) and a rubber buffer backing plate (7), the compression spring (5) continuously compresses until the length is shortened to be equal to that of a metal column (6), the metal column (6) pushes the rubber buffer backing plate (7), the functions of yielding and energy absorption are achieved, and meanwhile the metal column (6) is utilized to prevent the compression spring (5) from being extruded too large to lose elasticity;
the III-level yielding energy absorption device is formally started after a metal column (6) in the II-level yielding energy absorption device contacts a rubber buffer base plate (7) and then applies acting force, the movement of a piston (8) is relatively small and does not cause internal and external pressure circulation, the piston (8) extrudes an internal pressure cylinder (22) under the pushing action of the rubber buffer base plate (7), the initial oil pressure of an oil unloading cavity in the III-level yielding energy absorption device is 2 to 3 MPa, the air pressure of a high-pressure air cavity is 0.5 to 1.0 MPa, when the oil pressure in the internal pressure cylinder (22) in the movement of the piston (8) is increased to 3 to 5MPa, hydraulic oil (25) extrudes a rubber ring (10) from an oil drainage hole (9), the rubber ring (10) moves towards the outer side of an external pressure cylinder (23) and also can actually extrude the high-pressure air to 3 to 5MPa, and at the moment, the air pressure valve (11) is opened to release part of compressed air to reduce the air pressure in the high-pressure to 0.5 to 1.0 MPa, so as to realize the purpose that the energy is released from the surrounding rock;
finally, continuously observing the reading of the pressure gauge (15), when the pressure in the high-pressure air cavity is lower than 0.5 MPa, properly filling a part of compressed air to gradually increase the pressure to 3 to 5MPa, and pushing the rubber ring (10) to move to extrude the hydraulic oil (25) back into the internal pressure cylinder (22); the flow direction of the hydraulic oil (25) is changed by adjusting the pressure in the high-pressure air cavity, and meanwhile, the hydraulic oil (25) can also apply reverse acting force to the piston (8) so as to realize the functions of circulating energy absorption and pressure yielding.
2. The circulating energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner side of the front end of the outer pressure cylinder (23) is provided with a limit pin (19) for preventing the rubber ring (10) from moving to the end part of the inner pressure cylinder (22) to fall off.
3. The circulating energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air exchange pipe (18) extends to the outside of the surrounding rock body (1), an air inlet (12) is arranged on the air exchange pipe (18), and an air pressure valve (11) and a pressure gauge (15) are arranged at the outlet of the air inlet (12).
4. The circulating energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rubber ring (10) divides the space in the sealed cavity into an oil discharge cavity and a high-pressure air cavity, wherein the oil discharge cavity communicated with the oil discharge hole (9) of the internal pressure cylinder (22) is connected with the high-pressure air cavity through the ventilation pipe (18).
5. The cyclic energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal protective sleeve (13) is of a tail single-opening structure, an outwardly-expanded flange structure is arranged at the opening, and a fixed iron block (24) used for being cushioned on the surrounding rock body (1) is arranged on the flange structure.
6. The cyclic energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the anchor rod/cable body (16) positioned at the parts of the II-grade yielding energy absorption device and the III-grade yielding energy absorption device is wrapped with a plastic conduit (14).
7. The cyclic energy-absorbing yielding large-deformation anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the surrounding rock body (1) deforms to enable the anchor rod/cable body (16) to start deforming, the I-level yielding energy absorption device, the II-level yielding energy absorption device and the III-level yielding energy absorption device are all started to work, the anchor rod/cable body (16) pulls the groove type tray (4) in the deformation process, the groove type tray (4) is connected with the I-level yielding energy absorption device, the II-level yielding energy absorption device and the III-level yielding energy absorption device, wherein the III-level yielding energy absorption device needs to move relatively slightly before the III-level yielding energy absorption device starts to actually perform circulating energy absorption after the I-level yielding energy absorption device is fully acted and a metal column (6) in the II-level yielding energy absorption device contacts a rubber buffer base plate (7), the pressure of an inner pressure cylinder (22) is increased a little, when a first-level yielding energy absorption device and a second-level yielding energy absorption device are completely acted, a piston (8) in the third-level yielding energy absorption device extrudes hydraulic oil (25) of the inner pressure cylinder (22) in the movement generated by the continuous deformation of an anchor rod/cable body (16) to increase the pressure to 3 to 5MPa, the oil pressure of the hydraulic oil (25) transmits the pressure to an outer pressure cylinder (23), the hydraulic oil (25) entering an oil unloading cavity pushes a rubber ring (10) to move, the pressure in a high-pressure air cavity is compressed, the pressure is reduced to 3 to 5MPa after the pressure is increased to 3 MPa, the air pressure is released through an air pressure valve (11) to reduce the pressure to 0.5 to 1 MPa, a buffer space is reserved for the third-level yielding energy absorption device, the reading of a pressure gauge (15) is observed, when the reading on the pressure gauge (15) is less than 0.5 MPa, the gas is filled into the gas inlet (12) to increase the pressure to 3 to 5MPa; the air pressure is adjusted by circularly releasing and filling air, so that the effects of circularly absorbing energy and yielding pressure are realized.
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| CN104373145A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-02-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Anchor device with functions of embedding, constant-resistance classifying, shear resisting and large deforming and method |
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