CN114515808A - Step-by-step hot extrusion aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with multiple groups of annular inner ribs and forming process thereof - Google Patents
Step-by-step hot extrusion aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with multiple groups of annular inner ribs and forming process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114515808A CN114515808A CN202210090906.1A CN202210090906A CN114515808A CN 114515808 A CN114515808 A CN 114515808A CN 202210090906 A CN202210090906 A CN 202210090906A CN 114515808 A CN114515808 A CN 114515808A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with a plurality of groups of annular inner ribs through step-by-step hot extrusion and a forming process thereof, belonging to the technical field of non-ferrous metal preparation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal preparation, and particularly discloses an aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with a plurality of groups of annular inner ribs by step hot extrusion and a forming process thereof.
Background
The non-ferrous magnesium and the alloy thereof have low density, high specific strength and excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, and have wide application prospect in the fields of light weight of automobiles, electricians, electronics, aerospace and the like. However, magnesium alloy is not corrosion resistant, and has poor plastic deformation capability at room temperature, which limits the development of magnesium alloy to a certain extent.
Compared with magnesium alloy, the density of the aluminum alloy is higher than that of the magnesium alloy but lower than that of ferrous metal, the aluminum alloy is widely applied to the field of industrial lightweight, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy has excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor corrosion resistance and poor plastic deformation capability of magnesium alloy, the aluminum alloy is adopted as a corrosion-resistant layer, a plurality of groups of annular reinforcing inner ribs are formed on the side of the magnesium alloy through step-by-step hot extrusion forming, an element diffusion layer with a certain thickness is formed at an aluminum/magnesium interface by controlling the temperature of a working cavity, the aluminum/magnesium interface in the forming process is prevented from being oxidized through argon protection in the forming process, and the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the plurality of groups of annular inner ribs, which has light weight, high strength and excellent corrosion resistance, is obtained.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a forming process of an aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with a plurality of groups of annular inner ribs by step hot extrusion, which adopts a horizontal press, a central core mould and a step mould to carry out hot extrusion forming on a magnesium alloy cylinder and an aluminum alloy cylinder sleeved outside the magnesium alloy cylinder; the central core mold is of a cylindrical structure; the step die comprises a central step sleeve, a lateral step sleeve and an inner support sleeve; the central stepped sleeve is of a three-layer stepped cylindrical structure, the inner diameter of the central stepped sleeve is matched with the diameter of a central core mold, the middle outer diameter of the central stepped sleeve is matched with the preset inner diameter of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part, and the difference value between the outer diameters of the two sides and the middle outer diameter of the central stepped sleeve is matched with the preset height of the annular inner rib of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part; the lateral stepped sleeve is of a two-layer stepped cylindrical structure, the inner diameter of the lateral stepped sleeve is matched with the diameter of the central core mold, the outer diameter of the bottom layer is matched with the preset inner diameter of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part, and the difference value of the outer diameter of the bottom layer and the outer diameter of the top layer is matched with the preset height of the annular inner rib of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part; the inner diameter of the inner support sleeve is matched with the diameter of the central core mold, and the outer diameter of the inner support sleeve is matched with the preset inner diameter of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part;
the extrusion step was as follows:
horizontally placing a central core mold, sleeving a central stepped sleeve in the middle of the central core mold, and sleeving inner support sleeves outside the central core mold on two sides of the central stepped sleeve;
secondly, mounting the magnesium alloy cylinder outside the central stepped sleeve and the inner support sleeve;
sleeving the aluminum alloy cylinder outside the magnesium alloy cylinder;
fourthly, an outer side fixed sleeve is additionally arranged outside the aluminum alloy cylinder, an outer supporting sleeve is arranged between two sides of the aluminum alloy cylinder and the outer side fixed sleeve, and an extruding sleeve is arranged between two sides of the magnesium alloy cylinder and the outer supporting sleeve;
horizontally placing the assembly in a working cavity of a horizontal press, aligning an extrusion sleeve with pressing blocks on two sides in a superposition manner, closing the working cavity, vacuumizing to a preset vacuum degree, closing a vacuum pump and introducing protective gas for preventing an aluminum/magnesium interface from being oxidized, closing an air inlet valve after a preset air pressure is reached, opening a heating device to heat to a preset temperature, pressing the extrusion sleeve by the pressing blocks on two sides, stopping pressing after a preset stroke is reached, and forming to finish the first group of annular inner ribs;
sixthly, taking out the central core mold, taking out the inner support sleeves, taking out the central core mold, placing a first group of lateral stepped sleeves on two sides of the central stepped sleeve and outside the central core mold respectively, placing the inner support sleeves on two sides of the lateral stepped sleeves, starting a horizontal press, pressing the extrusion sleeves, and forming a second group of annular inner ribs;
seventhly, repeating the step sixthly, forming a plurality of groups of annular inner ribs;
controlling the temperature of the working cavity to enable the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part to obtain an aluminum/magnesium interface with a diffusion layer, and enabling the interface to achieve metallurgical bonding;
ninthly, completing the heat treatment, and completing the forming of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the multiple groups of annular inner ribs after the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part is cooled along with the furnace.
Furthermore, the central stepped sleeve, the lateral stepped sleeve and the inner support sleeve are formed by enclosing at least one sleeve split mold I and a multi-split sleeve split mold II, the sleeve split mold I and the sleeve split mold II are radially divided along the sleeve, and the distance between the radial edges of the two sides of the sleeve split mold I is gradually reduced from inside to outside to form an inner splayed structure; and demolding holes penetrating through the top surface and the bottom surface are formed in the central stepped sleeve and the lateral stepped sleeve.
Furthermore, the central stepped sleeve, the lateral stepped sleeve and the inner support sleeve are formed by enclosing two sleeve petals I and two sleeve petals II, and the two sleeve petals I are symmetrically arranged; each sleeve split mold of the central stepped sleeve and the lateral stepped sleeve is provided with a demolding hole.
Further, the central core die, the central stepped sleeve, the lateral stepped sleeve and the inner support sleeve are made of H13 materials, and the roughness of the inner surface and the roughness of the outer surface of the sleeves are Ra 0.08-0.16 mu m.
Further, before the extrusion forming step, the surfaces of the central core mold, the central stepped sleeve, the lateral stepped sleeve and the inner support sleeve are uniformly coated with graphite emulsion, and the graphite emulsion is dried after coating.
Further, before the extrusion forming step, removing impurities on the surfaces of the magnesium alloy cylinder and the aluminum alloy cylinder, repeatedly cleaning the surfaces of the magnesium alloy cylinder and the aluminum alloy cylinder according to the sequence of ethanol-acetone-ethanol, and then drying.
Further, after the extrusion molding step, the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical member with the plurality of sets of annular inner ribs is machined.
Further, the horizontal press machine is a horizontal hydraulic forming machine and comprises a left wire box, a left hydraulic oil cylinder, a left fixed seat, a left pressure shaft, a left moving workbench, a left pressing block, a working cavity, a right pressing block, a right moving workbench, a right pressure shaft, a right fixed seat, a right hydraulic oil cylinder, a vacuum pump, an argon bottle, a hydraulic oil tank and a control cabinet; the left fixed seat, the left movable workbench, the working cavity, the right movable workbench and the right fixed seat are sequentially arranged on the left wire box; the left pressure shaft is arranged on the left fixed seat in a penetrating way, and two ends of the left pressure shaft are respectively connected with the left hydraulic oil cylinder and the left moving workbench; the left pressing block is slidably arranged on the left side of the working cavity in a penetrating manner and is connected with the left moving workbench; the right pressure shaft is arranged on the right fixed seat in a penetrating way, and two ends of the right pressure shaft are respectively connected with the right hydraulic oil cylinder and the right movable workbench; the right pressing block is slidably arranged on the right side of the working cavity in a penetrating manner and is connected with the right movable workbench; the working cavity is provided with a resistance wire which is electrified through a lead; the vacuum pump is connected with the working cavity through a vacuum tube; the argon bottle is connected with the working cavity through an air inlet pipe; the hydraulic oil tank is connected with the left hydraulic oil cylinder and the right hydraulic oil cylinder through oil pipes; the hydraulic oil cylinder, the resistance wire and the vacuum pump are all controlled by a control cabinet.
The invention also provides an aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with a plurality of groups of annular inner ribs by step hot extrusion, which comprises an outer aluminum alloy layer and an inner magnesium alloy layer fixed on the inner wall of the outer aluminum alloy layer, wherein the inner magnesium alloy layer is provided with a plurality of annular inner ribs along the axial direction.
The step type hot extrusion aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the plurality of groups of annular inner ribs is manufactured by the step type hot extrusion aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the plurality of groups of annular inner ribs through the forming process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the method has obvious advancement, aims at improving the pressure resistance and the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy cylindrical part, prepares the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part, simultaneously forms a plurality of groups of annular reinforcing inner ribs on the inner magnesium alloy side of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part step by step, improves the mechanical property of the composite cylindrical part, improves the bonding strength of an aluminum/magnesium composite interface through subsequent heat treatment, and eliminates the internal residual stress of the composite cylindrical part.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the mounting of an aluminum alloy barrel and a magnesium alloy barrel on a press;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the center stepped sleeve;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a center stepped sleeve split I;
FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a laterally stepped sleeve;
FIG. 7 is a top view of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a front view of a laterally stepped sleeve split I;
FIG. 9 is a top view of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a front view of the inner support sleeve;
FIG. 11 is a top view of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a view showing the forming process of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical member with three sets of annular inner ribs;
FIG. 13 is a heat treatment process diagram of a step-by-step hot extrusion aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with multiple groups of annular inner ribs.
In the figure: 1. a center stepped sleeve, 1.1, a center stepped sleeve split mold I, 1.2, a center stepped sleeve split mold II, 2, a lateral stepped sleeve, 2.1, a lateral stepped sleeve split mold I, 2.2, a lateral stepped sleeve split mold II, 3, an inner support sleeve, 3.1, an inner support sleeve split mold I, 3.2, an inner support sleeve split mold II, 4, a center core mold, 5, a demolding hole, 6, an aluminum alloy cylinder, 7, a magnesium alloy cylinder, 8, a left wire box, 9, a right wire box, 10, a left hydraulic cylinder, 11, a left fixing seat, 12, a left pressure shaft, 13, a left moving table, 14, a left pressing block, 15, a working cavity, 16, a right pressing block, 17, a right moving table, 18, a right pressure shaft, 19, a right fixing seat, 20, a right hydraulic cylinder, 21, a vacuum pump, 22, a gas cylinder, 23, a hydraulic oil tank, 24, a control cabinet, 25, a support table, 26, a resistance wire, 27, a right moving table, 18, a right moving table, 18, a left pressing shaft, a left pressing block, a left pressing plate, a right pressing plate, a left pressing plate, a right pressing plate, a left pressing plate, a right pressing plate, a left pressing plate, a right pressing plate, a left pressing plate, a right pressing plate, a left pressing plate, a right pressing plate, a left pressing plate, a right pressing plate, a left pressing plate, a right pressing, The device comprises a lead 28, an air inlet pipe, 29, an argon pressure gauge, 30, a left oil inlet pipe, 31, a left oil return pipe, 32, a right oil inlet pipe, 33, a right oil return pipe, 34, an indicator lamp, 35, a power supply controller, 36, a hydraulic controller, 37, a heating controller, 38, a vacuum pump controller, 39, a first pressure gauge, 40, a second pressure gauge, 41, an outer fixing sleeve, 42, an outer supporting sleeve, 43, an extrusion sleeve, 44, a base, 45, a display screen, 46 and a vacuum pipe.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The chemical materials used in this example were: the aluminum alloy cylinder, the magnesium alloy cylinder, the graphite emulsion, the absolute ethyl alcohol, the acetone, the absorbent cotton ball and the abrasive paper, and the preparation amount of the combination is as follows: the unit of measurement is piece, millimeter, milliliter and gram.
An aluminum alloy cylinder: 6061Al 1 part with a diameter of 100mm x 10mm x 200mm
A magnesium alloy cylinder: AZ31B 1 pieces phi 80mm x 10mm x 250mm
And (3) graphite emulsion: c500 mL
Anhydrous ethanol: 500mL
Acetone: 500mL
Absorbent cotton balls: 1000g
Sand paper: 400 mesh 2 sheets 300mm by 0.5mm by 200 mm.
The preparation method comprises the following steps
(1) Split type step mould for manufacturing
The stepped die comprises a central stepped sleeve 1, a lateral stepped sleeve 2 and an inner support sleeve 3; the central stepped sleeve 1 is of a three-layer stepped cylindrical structure, the inner diameter of the central stepped sleeve is matched with the diameter of a central core mold 4, the middle outer diameter of the central stepped sleeve is matched with the preset inner diameter of an aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part, and the difference value between the outer diameters of two sides and the middle outer diameter of the central stepped sleeve is matched with the preset height of an annular inner rib of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part; the lateral stepped sleeve 2 is of a two-layer stepped cylindrical structure, the inner diameter of the lateral stepped sleeve is matched with the diameter of the central core mold 4, the outer diameter of the bottom layer is matched with the preset inner diameter of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part, and the difference value of the outer diameter of the bottom layer and the outer diameter of the top layer is matched with the preset height of the annular inner rib of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part; the inner diameter of the inner support sleeve 3 is matched with the diameter of the central core mould 4, and the outer diameter is matched with the preset inner diameter of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part.
In order to facilitate demoulding after extrusion, the central stepped sleeve 1, the lateral stepped sleeve 2 and the inner support sleeve 3 are formed by enclosing at least one sleeve split mold I (the central stepped sleeve split mold I1.1, the lateral stepped sleeve split mold I2.1 and the inner support sleeve split mold I3.1) and a multi-split sleeve split mold II (the central stepped sleeve split mold II 1.2, the lateral stepped sleeve split mold II 2.2 and the inner support sleeve split mold II 3.2), the sleeve split mold I and the sleeve split mold II are divided along the radial direction of the sleeve, and the distance between the radial edges of two sides of the sleeve split mold I is gradually reduced from inside to outside to form an inner splayed structure; the central stepped sleeve 1 and the lateral stepped sleeve 2 are provided with demolding holes 5 penetrating through the top surface and the bottom surface.
The central stepped sleeve 1, the lateral stepped sleeve 2 and the inner support sleeve 3 are formed by enclosing two sleeve petals I and two sleeve petals II, and the two sleeve petals I are symmetrically arranged; each sleeve split mold of the central stepped sleeve 1 and the lateral stepped sleeve 2 is provided with a demolding hole 5.
The central core die 4, the central stepped sleeve 1, the lateral stepped sleeve 2 and the inner support sleeve 3 are made of H13 materials, and the roughness of the inner surface and the roughness of the outer surface of each sleeve are Ra 0.08-0.16 mu m.
(2) Uniformly coating the surface of the mould with graphite emulsion, and drying for later use after coating.
(3) Pretreatment of aluminum alloy cylinder
Firstly removing impurities such as grease, dirt, oxide and the like on the surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder 6, then dipping acetone and ethanol by using a cotton ball for degreasing, repeatedly cleaning the surface according to the sequence of ethanol-acetone-ethanol, and immediately drying for later use.
(4) Pretreatment of magnesium alloy cylinder
Firstly removing impurities such as grease, dirt, oxide and the like on the surface of the magnesium alloy cylinder 7, then dipping acetone and ethanol by using a cotton ball for degreasing, repeatedly cleaning the surface according to the sequence of ethanol-acetone-ethanol, and immediately drying for later use.
(5) Extrusion forming aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with annular inner rib
The aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the annular inner rib is extruded and formed in a step-by-step mode under the environment of heating and argon protection.
The press machine is a horizontal hydraulic forming machine and comprises a left wire box 8, a right wire box 9, a left hydraulic oil cylinder 10, a left fixed seat 11, a left pressure shaft 12, a left movable workbench 13, a left pressing block 14, a working cavity 15, a right pressing block 16, a right movable workbench 17, a right pressure shaft 18, a right fixed seat 19, a right hydraulic oil cylinder 20, a vacuum pump 21, an argon bottle 22, a hydraulic oil tank 23 and a control cabinet 24; the left fixed seat 11, the left movable workbench 13, the working cavity 15, the right movable workbench 17 and the right fixed seat 19 are sequentially arranged on the left wire box 8; the left pressure shaft 12 is arranged on the left fixed seat 11 in a penetrating way, and two ends of the left pressure shaft are respectively connected with the left hydraulic oil cylinder 10 and the left moving workbench 13; the left pressing block 14 is slidably arranged on the left side of the working cavity 15 in a penetrating mode and is connected with the left moving workbench 13; a right pressure shaft 18 is arranged on the right fixed seat 19 in a penetrating way, and two ends of the right pressure shaft are respectively connected with a right hydraulic oil cylinder 20 and a right movable workbench 17; the right pressing block 16 is slidably arranged on the right side of the working cavity 15 in a penetrating manner and is connected with the right movable workbench 17; the working cavity 15 is arranged in a suspended manner through a support table 25 and is provided with a resistance wire 26, and the resistance wire 26 is electrified through a lead 27; the vacuum pump 21 is positioned below the support platform 25 and is connected with the working cavity 15 through a vacuum pipe 46; the argon bottle 22 and the hydraulic oil tank 23 are positioned on the right lead box 9; the argon bottle 22 is connected with the working chamber 15 through an air inlet pipe 28, and an argon pressure gauge 29 is arranged on the argon bottle 22; the hydraulic oil tank 23 is connected with the left hydraulic oil cylinder 10 through a left oil inlet pipe 30 and a left oil return pipe 31, and is connected with the right hydraulic oil cylinder 20 through a right oil inlet pipe 32 and a right oil return pipe 33; the hydraulic oil cylinder, the resistance wire 26 and the vacuum pump 21 are all controlled by a control cabinet 24. The control cabinet 24 is provided with a display screen 45, an indicator light 34, a power supply controller 35, a hydraulic controller 36, a heating controller 37 and a vacuum pump controller 38, and the upper part of the control cabinet is provided with a first pressure gauge 39 and a second pressure gauge 40.
The extrusion step was as follows:
horizontally placing a central core mold 4, sleeving a central stepped sleeve 1 in the middle of the central core mold 4, and sleeving inner support sleeves 3 outside the central core mold 4 at two sides of the central stepped sleeve 1;
secondly, the magnesium alloy cylinder 7 is arranged outside the central stepped sleeve 1 and the inner support sleeve 3;
sleeving the aluminum alloy cylinder 6 outside the magnesium alloy cylinder 7;
fourthly, an outer fixed sleeve 41 is arranged outside the aluminum alloy cylinder 6, an outer supporting sleeve 42 is arranged between the two sides of the aluminum alloy cylinder 6 and the outer fixed sleeve 41, and an extruding sleeve 43 is arranged between the two sides of the magnesium alloy cylinder 7 and the outer supporting sleeve 42;
horizontally placing the assembly on a base 44 in a working chamber 15, aligning an extrusion sleeve 43 with pressing blocks on two sides in a superposition manner, closing the working chamber 15, starting a left hydraulic oil cylinder 10 and a right hydraulic oil cylinder 20 to enable the pressing blocks to tightly press the extrusion sleeve 43, starting a vacuum pump controller 38, vacuumizing to a preset vacuum degree, then closing the vacuum pump controller 38 and introducing protective gas for preventing oxidation of an aluminum/magnesium interface, adopting argon gas in the embodiment, opening an argon gas bottle 22, observing an argon gas pressure gauge 29, closing the argon gas bottle 22 when the argon gas pressure gauge 29 displays that the air pressure reaches a preset pressure value, opening a heating controller 37, electrifying through a lead 27 to enable a resistance wire 26 in the working chamber 15 to be heated, opening a hydraulic controller 36 after heating to a preset temperature, applying pressure to the left and right extrusion sleeves, observing a first pressure gauge 39 and a second pressure gauge 40, and enabling the pressing blocks to reach a preset stroke, stopping pressing, and forming to finish the first group of annular inner ribs;
sixthly, taking out the central core mold 4, taking out the inner support sleeves 3, taking out, then placing the central core mold 4 again, respectively placing a first group of lateral step sleeves on two sides of the central step sleeve 1 and outside the central core mold 4, placing the inner support sleeves 3 on two sides of the lateral step sleeves 2, starting a horizontal press machine, pressing an extrusion sleeve, and forming a second group of annular inner ribs;
seventhly, repeating the step sixth to form a plurality of groups of annular inner ribs;
controlling the temperature of the working cavity 15 by a heating controller 37 to enable the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part to obtain an aluminum/magnesium interface with a diffusion layer, and enabling the interface to achieve metallurgical bonding;
ninthly, heating is completed, the heating controller 37 is closed, and after the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part is cooled along with the furnace, the working cavity 15 is opened to take out the central core mold 4, the inner support sleeve 3, the lateral step sleeve 2, the central step sleeve 1, the outer support sleeve 42 and the extrusion sleeve 43, so that the pressing block is reset, the hydraulic controller 36 is closed, the power controller 35 is closed, and the forming of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the multiple groups of annular inner ribs is completed.
The parameters of the forming are as follows: the preset vacuum degree is 10-3Pa, argon gas content 99.99% by volume, and preset pressure value of working chamber 1.01 × 105Pa, heating up at 10 deg.C/min, starting extrusion at 400 deg.C, maintaining at 400 + -10 deg.C during extrusion, extruding at 2mm/min, and cooling after extrusionAnd annealing treatment is carried out when the temperature is reduced to 200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, and then the furnace is cooled to the room temperature.
(6) Machining
And (3) performing end face machining on the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the multiple groups of annular reinforcing inner ribs after heat treatment by adopting a turning method to machine the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part to a preset size.
(7) Storage of
The prepared aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part is packaged by soft materials and stored in a clean and dry environment, and is required to be damp-proof, sun-proof and acid, alkali and salt corrosion-proof, the storage temperature is 20 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than or equal to 10%.
In the process, the aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy are compounded, the aluminum alloy is used as an outer layer corrosion-resistant layer, and the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with integrated structure/function is prepared, so that the process has a wide application prospect. The four-petal mold is favorable for demolding, multiple groups of annular reinforcing inner ribs can be formed on the inner layer of the magnesium alloy cylinder by a step-by-step method, the number is not limited, the bonding strength of an aluminum/magnesium layer interface can be effectively improved by heat treatment, residual stress generated in the preparation process is eliminated, and the obtained aluminum/magnesium laminated composite pipe has excellent mechanical property and corrosion resistance.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a compound cylinder of aluminium/magnesium of muscle in step hot extrusion area multiunit annular, including outer aluminum alloy layer and fix the inlayer magnesium alloy layer on outer aluminum alloy layer inner wall, inlayer magnesium alloy layer is provided with the interior muscle of multichannel annular along the axial. The aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part is manufactured by the step-by-step hot extrusion forming process of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the plurality of groups of annular inner ribs in the embodiment 1.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, or direct or indirect applications in other related fields, which are made by the contents of the present specification, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A step-by-step hot extrusion forming process of an aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with a plurality of groups of annular inner ribs is characterized in that a horizontal press, a central core mold and a step mold are adopted to carry out hot extrusion forming on a magnesium alloy cylinder and an aluminum alloy cylinder sleeved outside the magnesium alloy cylinder;
the central core mold is of a cylindrical structure;
the step die comprises a central step sleeve, a lateral step sleeve and an inner support sleeve;
the central stepped sleeve is of a three-layer stepped cylindrical structure, the inner diameter of the central stepped sleeve is matched with the diameter of a central core mold, the middle outer diameter of the central stepped sleeve is matched with the preset inner diameter of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part, and the difference value between the outer diameters of the two sides and the middle outer diameter of the central stepped sleeve is matched with the preset height of the annular inner rib of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part;
the lateral stepped sleeve is of a two-layer stepped cylindrical structure, the inner diameter of the lateral stepped sleeve is matched with the diameter of the central core mold, the outer diameter of the bottom layer is matched with the preset inner diameter of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part, and the difference value of the outer diameter of the bottom layer and the outer diameter of the top layer is matched with the preset height of the annular inner rib of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part;
the inner diameter of the inner support sleeve is matched with the diameter of the central core mold, and the outer diameter of the inner support sleeve is matched with the preset inner diameter of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part;
the extrusion step was as follows:
horizontally placing a central core mold, sleeving a central stepped sleeve in the middle of the central core mold, and sleeving inner support sleeves outside the central core mold on two sides of the central stepped sleeve;
secondly, mounting the magnesium alloy cylinder outside the central stepped sleeve and the inner support sleeve;
sleeving the aluminum alloy cylinder outside the magnesium alloy cylinder;
fourthly, an outer side fixed sleeve is additionally arranged outside the aluminum alloy cylinder, an outer supporting sleeve is arranged between two sides of the aluminum alloy cylinder and the outer side fixed sleeve, and an extruding sleeve is arranged between two sides of the magnesium alloy cylinder and the outer supporting sleeve;
horizontally placing the assembly in a working cavity of a horizontal press, aligning the extrusion sleeve with the pressing blocks on the two sides in a superposition manner, closing the working cavity, vacuumizing to a preset vacuum degree, closing a vacuum pump, introducing protective gas for preventing an aluminum/magnesium interface from being oxidized, closing an air inlet valve after reaching a preset air pressure, opening a heating device, heating to a preset temperature, pressing the extrusion sleeve by the pressing blocks on the two sides, stopping pressing after reaching a preset stroke, and forming to finish the first group of annular inner ribs;
sixthly, taking out the central core mold, taking out the inner support sleeves, taking out the central core mold, placing a first group of lateral stepped sleeves on two sides of the central stepped sleeve and outside the central core mold respectively, placing the inner support sleeves on two sides of the lateral stepped sleeves, starting a horizontal press, pressing the extrusion sleeves, and forming a second group of annular inner ribs;
seventhly, repeating the step sixth to form a plurality of groups of annular inner ribs;
controlling the temperature of the working cavity to enable the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part to obtain an aluminum/magnesium interface with a diffusion layer, and enabling the interface to achieve metallurgical bonding;
ninthly, completing the heat treatment, and completing the forming of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the multiple groups of annular inner ribs after the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part is cooled along with the furnace.
2. The forming process of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the multiple groups of annular inner ribs by the step hot extrusion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central stepped sleeve, the lateral stepped sleeve and the inner support sleeve are formed by enclosing at least one sleeve split mold I and a multi-split sleeve split mold II, the sleeve split mold I and the sleeve split mold II are divided along the radial direction of the sleeve, and the distance between the radial edges of the two sides of the sleeve split mold I is gradually reduced from inside to outside to form an inner splayed structure;
and demolding holes penetrating through the top surface and the bottom surface are formed in the central stepped sleeve and the lateral stepped sleeve.
3. The step-by-step hot extrusion forming process of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the multiple groups of annular inner ribs as claimed in claim 2, wherein the central stepped sleeve, the lateral stepped sleeve and the inner support sleeve are formed by enclosing two sleeve petals I and two sleeve petals II, and the two sleeve petals I are symmetrically arranged;
each sleeve split mold of the central stepped sleeve and the lateral stepped sleeve is provided with a demolding hole.
4. The forming process of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the multiple groups of annular inner ribs by the step type hot extrusion according to claim 3, wherein the central core die, the central stepped sleeve, the lateral stepped sleeve and the inner support sleeve are made of H13 materials, and the roughness of the inner surface and the outer surface of the sleeves is Ra 0.08-0.16 mu m.
5. The process for forming an aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with a plurality of groups of annular inner ribs by step hot extrusion according to claim 4, wherein before the step of extrusion forming, the surfaces of the central core mold, the central stepped sleeve, the lateral stepped sleeves and the inner support sleeve are uniformly coated with graphite emulsion and dried after coating.
6. The process for forming an aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical member with a plurality of sets of annular inner ribs by stepwise hot extrusion as claimed in claim 5, wherein before the step of extrusion forming, impurities on the surfaces of the magnesium alloy cylinder and the aluminum alloy cylinder are removed, and the surfaces of the magnesium alloy cylinder and the aluminum alloy cylinder are repeatedly cleaned in the order of ethanol-acetone-ethanol and then dried.
7. The process for forming an aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical member with a plurality of sets of annular inner ribs by stepwise hot extrusion as claimed in claim 6, wherein the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical member with a plurality of sets of annular inner ribs is machined after the step of extrusion.
8. The forming process of the aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part with the multiple groups of annular inner ribs by the step-by-step hot extrusion as claimed in claim 7, wherein the horizontal press is a horizontal hydraulic forming machine and comprises a left wire box, a left hydraulic oil cylinder, a left fixed seat, a left pressure shaft, a left moving workbench, a left pressing block, a working cavity, a right pressing block, a right moving workbench, a right pressure shaft, a right fixed seat, a right hydraulic oil cylinder, a vacuum pump, an argon bottle, a hydraulic oil tank and a control cabinet;
the left fixed seat, the left movable workbench, the working cavity, the right movable workbench and the right fixed seat are sequentially arranged on the left wire box;
the left pressure shaft is arranged on the left fixed seat in a penetrating way, and two ends of the left pressure shaft are respectively connected with the left hydraulic oil cylinder and the left moving workbench;
the left pressing block is slidably arranged on the left side of the working cavity in a penetrating manner and is connected with the left movable workbench;
the right pressure shaft is arranged on the right fixed seat in a penetrating way, and two ends of the right pressure shaft are respectively connected with the right hydraulic oil cylinder and the right movable workbench;
the right pressing block is slidably arranged on the right side of the working cavity in a penetrating manner and is connected with the right movable workbench;
the working cavity is provided with a resistance wire which is electrified through a lead;
the vacuum pump is connected with the working cavity through a vacuum tube;
the argon bottle is connected with the working cavity through an air inlet pipe;
the hydraulic oil tank is connected with the left hydraulic oil cylinder and the right hydraulic oil cylinder through oil pipes;
the hydraulic oil cylinder, the resistance wire and the vacuum pump are all controlled by a control cabinet.
9. The aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical part is characterized by comprising an outer aluminum alloy layer and an inner magnesium alloy layer fixed on the inner wall of the outer aluminum alloy layer, wherein the inner magnesium alloy layer is provided with a plurality of annular inner ribs along the axial direction.
10. The step-wise hot-extruded aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical member with a plurality of sets of annular inner ribs according to claim 9, which is produced by the step-wise hot-extruded aluminum/magnesium composite cylindrical member with a plurality of sets of annular inner ribs forming process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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