CN114515770A - Laser residual thermal deformation correction method for track deformation of split arc rolling guide rail - Google Patents
Laser residual thermal deformation correction method for track deformation of split arc rolling guide rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN114515770A CN114515770A CN202210157984.9A CN202210157984A CN114515770A CN 114515770 A CN114515770 A CN 114515770A CN 202210157984 A CN202210157984 A CN 202210157984A CN 114515770 A CN114515770 A CN 114515770A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012804 iterative process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser residual thermal deformation correction method for deformation of a split type circular arc rolling guide rail. The circular arc surface of the track is irradiated by laser, the metallographic structure of the surface is changed, surface stress is generated, the shape of the circular arc track is changed, and the roundness of the track is further changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of split type arc rolling guide rail structures, and relates to a laser residual thermal deformation correction method for track deformation of a split type arc rolling guide rail.
Background
The split type arc rolling guide rail is a novel rolling guide rail, the rail of the guide rail is arc-shaped, a plurality of sections of arc rails can be spliced into a whole circle when the split type arc rolling guide rail is used, and a sliding block on the rail can move in an arc manner along the guide rail.
The split arc-shaped rail is not a complete circle but a segmented circle, so that compared with the shape of a complete circle, structural deformation is more easily generated after heat treatment or machining, and roundness errors are out of tolerance. Even if the circular arc track meets the requirement on roundness error after heat treatment or machining, the internal stress of the structure is gradually released along with the increase of the service time, the deformation of the structure is gradually increased, and the roundness error can be caused to be out of tolerance in the service process.
Due to the structural function requirements of the rail of the arc rolling guide rail, the hardness of materials is usually higher, the elasticity is good, the plasticity is poor, and the roundness of the arc rail is not easy to correct by a conventional mechanical correction method, so the rejection rate in heat treatment or mechanical processing is higher. In the using process, if the roundness is out of tolerance, only the updating can be discarded. Therefore, the split arc guide rail is mostly designed into a multi-section structure, and the arc angle of each section is relatively small, so that the roundness error can be controlled in a relatively small range. The main problems of this method are that the number of segments is too large, a whole circle is formed by splicing multiple segments during installation, and the installation and adjustment process is complex and difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser residual thermal deformation correction method for the deformation of a split type arc rolling guide rail, which can correct the deformation of an arc rail, reduce the roundness error of the arc rail and reduce the rejection rate.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the laser residual thermal deformation correction method for the track deformation of the split arc rolling guide rail specifically comprises the following steps: and for the guide rail with the deformed arc opening, the inner wall of the arc guide rail is scanned by laser.
The invention is also characterized in that:
for the circular arc track with the deformed integral opening, continuously irradiating the surface of the circular arc track by using laser, wherein the heat energy obtained by the surfaces of two ends of the track is less than the heat energy obtained by the surface of the middle of the track;
in the laser irradiation process, the scanning power is unchanged, and the scanning speed is changed.
For the arc-shaped track with the deformed integral opening, the change rule of the laser scanning speed is as follows: the scanning speed at the two ends of the circular arc guide rail track is faster than the scanning speed in the middle of the circular arc guide rail track.
And for the local roundness deformation of the circular arc of the track, local laser irradiation is adopted.
The thermal residual strain β is calculated during the laser scanning as follows:
wherein l0For the original size of the sample, /)1The dimensions after cooling are heated.
During laser scanning, the residual thermal strain β is expressed by the following equation:
β＝αΔt；
where α is the linear expansion coefficient of 45 steel at room temperature and Δ t is the temperature difference.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can correct the deformation of the circular arc track, reduce the roundness error of the circular arc track and reduce the rejection rate. In addition to the correction of the overall roundness error, the roundness error caused by local deformation may also be corrected. The roundness error formed by long-term accumulation of the circular arc orbit can be corrected. Roundness errors can be corrected without the use of mechanical correction tools. Each section of track is allowed to have a larger arc angle, so that the number of sections of the track can be reduced, and the installation difficulty is reduced. The method is suitable for roundness correction of the finished rail product. The invention can be used in the deformation correction of the split arc orbit, and also can be used in the error correction of a common rolling bearing, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a track deformation of a circular arc rolling guide rail;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a deformation of a track opening;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of rail warp deformation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the laser irradiation position on the track;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of laser irradiation energy distribution on a track;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a laser being locally irradiated on a track;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the coefficient of thermal residual deformation β and the heating temperature T;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between heating temperature T and heating time T for a given laser power;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the heating depth d and the heating time t for a given laser power;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the heating zone depth d;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a finite element mesh of heated and unheated zones;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a parameter iteration process.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a laser residual thermal deformation correction method for the deformation of a split type circular arc rolling guide rail track, which comprises the following specific processes: the arc opening is enlarged, the inner wall of the arc track is scanned by laser, the arc opening is reduced, and the outer wall of the arc track is scanned by laser; the laser power can change the metallographic structure of the wall surface of the track; the laser power does not cause excessive opening deformation; for the integral opening deformation of the track, continuously irradiating the surface by laser, wherein the two ends of the heat energy obtained from the surface are small, and the middle is large; the laser power irradiation process is not changed, the speed of the laser beam scanning the surface is changed, the speed at two ends of the track is high, the middle is low, and the heat distribution at two ends of the surface is less and the middle is more; irradiating for multiple times, and gradually approaching the deformation of the opening to the expected value; for the local roundness deformation of the track arc, local laser irradiation is adopted;
The laser power can change the local metallographic structure of the surface; the laser power does not cause excessive local deformation; and local circular deformation is gradually reduced by multiple times of local laser irradiation.
Taking the half-ring structure shown in fig. 1 as an example, common variations are the enlargement of the half-ring opening shown by the dotted line in fig. 2 and the warping shown by the dotted line in fig. 3. The two variants are usually mixed, both variants being shown in dashed lines in fig. 1. Of these two variations, the opening deformation shown in fig. 2 has the largest influence on the roundness, the warp deformation shown in fig. 3 has little influence on the roundness, and the correction of the roundness of the rail is mainly directed to the opening deformation shown in fig. 2.
For the case that the opening shown in fig. 2 is enlarged, the material of the half ring is 45 steel, the inner wall of the half ring shown in fig. 4 is irradiated by the high-power wide-spot laser beam (the irradiation area is the area where the stripe line in fig. 4 is located), the power of the laser beam is not changed in the irradiation process, and only the scanning speed of the laser beam on the inner wall is changed, so that the energy distribution obtained by the inner wall is shown in fig. 5 (the area where the stripe line in fig. 5 is located), namely, the energy at two ends is low, the energy at the middle is high, and the energy distribution is continuously changed, so that the opening of the half ring is contracted, and the roundness error is reduced. The specific process is as follows:
First of all, adoptIntegrally heating a 45 steel sample made of the same material as the semi-ring from room temperature to a certain temperature, cooling to room temperature, measuring the dimensional change of the sample, and if the original size of the sample is l0After heating and cooling, the dimension is l1Then the thermal residual strain is calculated as follows:
note that the thermal residual strain defined here is similar in mathematical form to the linear expansion coefficient defined in the heat transfer science and the engineering strain in the mechanics, but the definition conditions are different: in the definition of thermal residual Strain1Is the residual deformation of the sample after being heated to a certain temperature and then cooled, and the linear expansion coefficient is defined in physics1The deformation of the sample after being heated to a certain temperature only relates to a temperature rise process and does not relate to a temperature reduction process.
By changing the temperature after heating in the above-described procedure, a relationship curve β (T) between the thermal residual strain and the temperature after heating as shown in fig. 7 can be obtained.
By irradiating the surface of the sample with a laser beam of a predetermined power using a sample made of the same material as the half ring and measuring the temperature T of the heating zone as a function of time T, a graph T (T) shown in fig. 8 can be obtained. By changing the laser power, a curve T of the heating zone temperature T over time T similar to fig. 8 can be obtained, where T is T (p, T), and p is the laser power.
By irradiating the surface of the sample with a laser beam of a predetermined power using a sample made of the same material as the half ring, and measuring the relationship between the heating zone depth d and the heating time t, a curve d (t) of the relationship between the heating zone depth d and the heating time t shown in fig. 9 can be obtained. Changing the laser power, and repeating the above process to obtain a curve d (p, t) of the heating area depth d versus the heating time t under different laser powers.
The irradiation process requires knowledge of the determined laser power p and the scanning speed v of the laser on the inner wall. During the scanning process, the laser power is not changed, and only the scanning speed is changed, namely v ═ v (t)
This relationship gives the time of irradiation of the laser at different locations on the surface at a given power. Under the given laser power, the scanning speed of the laser on the inner wall is different, the temperature and the depth of the heating area are different, and the temperature and the depth of the heating area can be changed by changing the laser power. Namely, the two parameters determine the temperature and the depth of a laser heating area, and the temperature and the depth of the heating area determine the correction amount of the semi-ring. Conversely, according to the correction amount of the half ring, the temperature and the depth of the heating area can be determined, and then the scanning speed of the laser on the inner wall and the power of the laser are determined.
To this end, a finite element model of the half ring was created in finite element software according to the geometry of fig. 4, and the heating zone and the non-heating zone were segmented at the inner wall according to the laser spot width and the laser heating zone depth initially set. The material parameters of 45 steel were used in the non-heated zone and the modified material parameters of 45 steel were used in the heated zone, i.e. the residual thermal strain of the material was introduced into the material strain in the following manner:
expression for introducing the thermal residual strain
ε＝εm-β；
Wherein ε represents the total strain εmRepresenting the strain of the material itself.
The residual thermal strain β is expressed in terms of linear expansion coefficient and temperature difference of 45 steel:
β＝αΔt
alpha is linear expansion coefficient of 45 steel at room temperature, and is 1.2 multiplied by 10-5/° c,. delta.t is the temperature difference. Since α is a constant, β is related to the heating temperature, and β is different for different heating temperatures, it is necessary to keep the values on both sides of the middle sign in the above equation equal by adjusting the temperature difference Δ t. Thus, the influence of residual thermal strain can be introduced by adjusting the temperature difference between the operating temperature and the initial temperature of the heat-affected zone unit in the finite element model.
Due to the fact that multivariable coupling relations exist among parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, heating zone temperature, heating zone depth and thermal residual strain, semiring thermal deformation, heating zone range and the like, the parameters need to be determined through multivariable iterative calculation.
The iterative process firstly needs to give initial values, such as initial laser power, scanning speed, heating zone temperature and the like, and then completes the multivariate iterative process through a penalty function method to finally determine the optimal parameter value. The iterative process employed is shown in the flow chart of fig. 12.
After the power of the laser and the speed of scanning the inner wall are determined through an iterative process, the inner wall of the half ring can be scanned by the determined power and speed, so that the half ring generates corresponding deformation, and the original error of the half ring is offset.
For the roundness error generated by the local deformation of the track, the invention adopts a mode of local irradiation of the laser beam shown by black spots in figure 6 to generate the local deformation of the track and reduce the roundness error of the track.
The invention is also applicable to the situation that the opening of the circular arc track is reduced, and only the outer wall of the semi-ring needs to be irradiated by laser.
The invention is also applicable to roundness correction of circular arc tracks with smaller circular arc angles, and is not limited to half rings.
The invention is also suitable for roundness correction of other circular arc parts.
The geometric model of the orbit was built in finite element software, the initial, assumed heating and non-heating zone boundaries shown in FIG. 10 were delineated in the model, and then the finite element model shown in FIG. 11 was built.
And then calculating the track deformation under the action of the thermal residual strain, comparing the track deformation with an expected deformation adjustment amount, performing multivariable optimization by adopting an optimization algorithm according to a difference value between the track deformation and the expected adjustment amount, and adjusting parameters such as the boundary shape, the laser power, the heating temperature and the like of a heating area, so that the track deformation under the action of the thermal residual strain gradually approaches the expected track deformation adjustment amount, and the optimization calculation can be stopped after the two parameters are close enough, thereby obtaining the parameters such as the reasonable heating area range, the heating temperature, the heating time, the laser power and the like.
And finally, heating the inner surface of the track by using laser according to the heating time and the heating power obtained by the optimized calculation, so that the track generates thermal residual deformation, the deformation of the track is compensated, the track with smaller deformation is obtained, and the precision of the track is improved.
In addition to the two global deformations described above, a circular arc track also has local deformations that also affect the roundness of the track. For the local shape error of the track, a method for improving the machining precision is mainly adopted to reduce the local shape error at present, obviously, the method has high precision requirement on machining equipment, and the machining cost can be improved.
Aiming at local deformation, the invention adopts a local laser irradiation heating method to generate metallographic structure change on the local part of the track, and corrects the local deformation of the track through the generated local stress, and the related operation process is the same as the process.
The invention discloses a track roundness correction method for a split type arc rolling guide rail. The circular arc surface of the track is irradiated by laser, the metallographic structure of the surface is changed, surface stress is generated, the shape of the circular arc track is changed, and the roundness of the track is further changed.
Claims (6)
1. The laser residual thermal deformation correction method for the deformation of the split arc rolling guide rail is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps: and for the guide rail with the deformed arc opening, the inner wall of the arc guide rail is scanned by laser.
2. The method for correcting laser residual thermal deformation of split arc rolling guide rail track deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: for the circular arc track with the deformed integral opening, continuously irradiating the surface of the circular arc track by using laser, wherein the heat energy obtained by the surfaces of two ends of the track is less than the heat energy obtained by the surface of the middle of the track;
in the laser irradiation process, the scanning power is unchanged, and the scanning speed is changed.
3. The laser residual thermal deformation correction method for the deformation of the split arc rolling guide rail according to claim 2, characterized in that: for the circular arc track with the deformed integral opening, the change rule of the laser scanning speed is as follows: the scanning speed at the two ends of the circular arc guide rail track is higher than that at the middle of the circular arc guide rail track.
4. The laser residual thermal deformation correction method for the deformation of the split arc rolling guide rail according to claim 3, characterized in that: and local laser irradiation is adopted for the local roundness deformation of the track circular arc.
5. The method for correcting laser residual thermal deformation of split arc rolling guide rail track deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the laser scanning process, the calculation process of the thermal residual strain beta is as follows:
wherein l0For the original size of the sample, /)1The dimensions after cooling are heated.
6. The method for correcting laser residual thermal deformation of split arc rolling guide rail track deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the laser scanning process, the residual thermal strain beta is expressed by the following formula:
β＝αΔt；
where α is the linear expansion coefficient of 45 steel at room temperature and Δ t is the temperature difference.
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| CN202210157984.9A CN114515770B (en) | 2022-02-21 | 2022-02-21 | Laser residual thermal deformation correction method for split type circular arc rolling guide rail track deformation |
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