CN114515402B - Passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage system - Google Patents

Passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114515402B
CN114515402B CN202210202959.8A CN202210202959A CN114515402B CN 114515402 B CN114515402 B CN 114515402B CN 202210202959 A CN202210202959 A CN 202210202959A CN 114515402 B CN114515402 B CN 114515402B
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fire
cabin
passivation
extinguishing
fire extinguishing
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CN114515402A (en
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陆佳政
陈宝辉
李波
周天念
吴传平
潘碧宸
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Hunan Disaster Prevention Technology Co ltd
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Hunan Disaster Prevention Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/005—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material using nozzles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
    • A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for a lithium battery energy storage system, which comprises a fire detection module, a plurality of storage cabins, a launching cabin and a control module, wherein the fire detection module is used for detecting fire in the storage cabins; when the fire detection module detects that the energy storage battery compartment has a fire; firstly, the launching cabin rotates to be in butt joint with the storage cabin stored with the fire extinguishing medium, so that the fire extinguishing ball containing the fire extinguishing medium is sprayed to a fire from the launching cabin through a communication pipeline, open fire is quickly extinguished by using the fire extinguishing medium, and the fire is prevented from diffusing to other battery units; then the launching cabin rotates to be in butt joint with the storage cabin in which the passivated cooling medium is stored, so that the passivated cooling medium in the storage cabin is sprayed to a fire from the launching cabin through a communication pipeline, the passivated cooling medium is used for passivating active lithium substances in the thermal runaway battery, the development of the thermal runaway of the battery is interrupted, the fire is completely extinguished, and the thermal runaway and the spread of the thermal runaway are thoroughly controlled; compared with the traditional fire extinguishing mode, the medium loss of the fire extinguishing mode can be greatly reduced, and the fire extinguishing effect is higher.

Description

Passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power systems, and particularly relates to a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for a lithium battery energy storage system.
Background
Lithium battery energy storage is one of the most important energy storage systems. And when the lithium battery breaks down, the lithium battery is easy to cause fire, and casualties and major property loss are caused. In recent years, the fire disasters of energy storage lithium batteries at home and abroad frequently occur, and the safe operation of an energy storage system is seriously threatened.
The fire of the energy storage lithium battery is caused by that under the conditions of overcharge, internal and external short circuit and the like, the battery is out of control thermally, a large amount of heat and combustible gas are released instantly, and fire and explosion are caused. Combustible materials and oxidants can exist in the energy storage lithium battery, so that the battery cannot be cooled by only blocking oxygen and cannot block chemical reaction in the battery to extinguish fire and suppress explosion unlike conventional fire. At present, the fire extinguishing of the energy storage lithium battery mainly adopts a water mist and heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system. The water fire extinguishing system adopts water to extinguish fire, and water conducts electricity and releases to batteries and electrical equipment to cause short circuit of the equipment. The heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent has poor cooling capacity and cannot inhibit re-combustion caused by thermal runaway of a lithium battery. After the open fire is extinguished, the battery can still continuously generate combustible gas due to thermal runaway, and the gas reaches a certain concentration and is likely to explode. Therefore, the fire extinguishing and explosion suppression method and system for the lithium battery energy storage system, which are clean, efficient, safe and low in cost, are in urgent need to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for a lithium battery energy storage system, and aims to solve the technical problems that a fire-extinguishing system in the prior art cannot simultaneously suppress thermal runaway of a battery when extinguishing open fire and the fire-extinguishing medium of the prior fire-extinguishing system is seriously wasted.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system, comprising:
the fire detection module is used for positioning the fire position in the energy storage battery compartment and sending a fire occurrence signal;
the cooling coupling fire extinguishing device is communicated with the energy storage battery compartment (30) through a communication pipeline, the cooling coupling fire extinguishing device (40) comprises a plurality of storage compartments (10) and a launching compartment (20), wherein a passivation cooling medium for passivating active lithium and inhibiting thermal runaway is stored in one of the storage compartments, and fire extinguishing media for extinguishing open fire are stored in the other storage compartments; the passivation cooling medium is a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen, the content of the oxygen is not higher than 3%, and the passivation cooling reaction principle is as follows: li (active lithium) + CO 2 +1/2O 2 →Li 2 CO 3 (ii) a The launching cabin is rotatably arranged on the ceiling through a swinging bracket so as to be butted with different storage cabins;
a control module in communication with the fire detection module and configured to:
receiving a fire occurrence signal sent by the fire detection module and monitoring the fire in real time;
controlling the launching cabins to swing and be connected to the discharge ends of the corresponding storage cabins according to the fire stage, and spraying fire extinguishing media or passivation cooling media in the storage cabins to fire positions through communicating pipelines;
in the embodiment of the invention, one end of the communicating pipeline can be communicated with the discharge end of the launching cabin, the other end of the communicating pipeline is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines, each branch pipeline penetrates through the energy storage battery cabin, and a nozzle is arranged at an outlet of each branch pipeline.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a fire extinguishing ball capable of moving in the length direction is disposed in the storage compartment, a switch valve is disposed on the fire extinguishing ball to discharge a fire extinguishing medium or a passivation cooling medium, and the passivation fire extinguishing explosion suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system further includes:
the semicircular fixing plate is inwards concave towards the feeding end of the launching cabin, and a communication port for the fire extinguishing ball to pass through is formed in the semicircular fixing plate;
the guide cylinders are connected to the discharge ends of the storage cabins in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the cross sections of the discharge end portions of the guide cylinders are perpendicularly connected with the arc-shaped surface of the semicircular fixing plate, the feed ends of the guide cylinders penetrate through the ceiling and are in butt joint with the discharge ends of the storage cabins, and the discharge ends of the guide cylinders are correspondingly connected with the communication ports.
In an embodiment of the invention, the launch capsule comprises, in axial communication:
the fire extinguishing ball conveying device comprises a launching conveying cabin, two launching conveying belts extending axially are symmetrically arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the launching conveying cabin along the radial direction, and the launching conveying belts clamp the periphery of the fire extinguishing ball and drive the fire extinguishing ball to convey towards a launching port of the launching conveying cabin;
the gas holder and control are installed to the periphery wall to the pressurization cabin, the solenoid valve of gas holder switch, the end of giving vent to anger of gas holder passes the pressurization cabin is right exert pressure gas in the pressurization cabin.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire extinguishing ball includes:
an annular fixed frame;
the hollow mixed round steel cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the annular fixed frame through a mounting support;
the plurality of medicament balls contain the fire extinguishing medium or the passivation cooling medium, the plurality of medicament balls are symmetrically distributed along the circumferential inner side wall of the hollow mixing round steel cylinder, and the outer peripheral wall of each medicament ball is provided with a bulge penetrating through the side wall of the hollow mixing round steel cylinder;
the mounting support column is of a hollow cylinder structure, and a puncturing nail for puncturing the side wall of the medicament ball and a pushing piston for driving the puncturing nail to move axially are axially arranged in the mounting support column.
In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of arc-shaped connecting plates are uniformly attached to the outer peripheral wall of the annular fixed frame at intervals, the radian of the outer peripheries of the arc-shaped connecting plates and the arc-shaped fixed frame is the same, and the mounting support is positioned between any two arc-shaped connecting plates; the bottom of the mounting support column forms a support leg extending towards the bulge and is in sealing fit with the outer side wall of the bulge, and a through hole for the piercing nail to pass through is formed in the center of the inner side of the bottom wall of the mounting support column.
In the embodiment of the invention, the launching and conveying cabin, the pressurizing cabin and the storage cabin are all of cylindrical pipeline structures and have the same inner diameter, and the outer peripheral wall of the annular fixed frame is internally tangent to the inner side wall of the cylindrical pipeline.
In the embodiment of the invention, the launching cabin and the storage cabin are respectively positioned at two sides of a ceiling, the swinging bracket is in a trapezoidal structure and spans two opposite side walls of the launching and conveying cabin, and a rotary driving mechanism capable of driving the launching and conveying cabin to swing is arranged on the ceiling;
the rotary driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a driving gear and a driven gear meshed with the periphery of the driving gear, the driven gear is installed on one side, deviating from the ceiling, of the swing support and fixedly connected with the swing support through an installation shaft, the center of the driving gear is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, and the driving gear can be driven to rotate by rotation of the output shaft of the driving motor so as to drive the driven gear to rotate.
In the embodiment of the invention, two valve plates are hung in the pressurizing cabin at intervals along the axial direction, the valve plates penetrate through the pressurizing cabin along the radial direction, the axial distance between the two valve plates is greater than the outer diameter of the fire extinguishing ball, hanging lugs of the valve plates extend to the upper part of the pressurizing cabin, and the valve plates penetrate through the guide cylinder close to the discharge end along the radial direction;
each valve plate is correspondingly connected with a valve plate driving mechanism, and the valve plate driving mechanism is used for driving the valve plate to rotate around the hanging lug so as to switch on and off the emission conveying cabin and the pressurization cabin or switch on and off the pressurization cabin and the guide cylinder;
the valve plate driving mechanism comprises a mounting seat and a valve plate motor mounted on the mounting seat, a shaft hole is formed in the mounting seat, an output shaft of the valve plate motor sequentially penetrates through the shaft hole and an ear hole of the hanging lug in a fastening mode, and the output shaft of the valve plate motor rotates to drive the valve plate to wind the hanging lug to rotate in a radial plane.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression method for a lithium battery energy storage system is further provided, where the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression method for a lithium battery energy storage system is applied to the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system as described above, and the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression method for a lithium battery energy storage system includes:
acquiring a fire occurrence signal;
controlling the launching cabin to convey a fire extinguishing ball containing fire extinguishing medium according to the fire occurrence signal;
acquiring temperature information of a battery module, and comparing the temperature of the battery module with the open fire temperature;
and when the temperature of the battery module is lower than the open fire temperature, the fire extinguishing medium stops spraying to extinguish the fire, and the passivated cooling medium is started to spray to cool the battery module.
In an embodiment of the invention, the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression method for the lithium battery energy storage system further comprises the following steps:
comparing the temperature of the battery module with the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, wherein the thermal runaway temperature of the battery is 100 ℃;
stopping the injection of the passivation cooling medium when the temperature of the battery module is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery;
and when the temperature of the battery module is higher than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, starting the injection of the passivation cooling medium.
Through the technical scheme, the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the fire detection module detects that the energy storage battery compartment has a fire, the emission compartment is controlled to emit a fire extinguishing medium or a passivated cooling medium according to the fire stage, and the emission compartment is firstly swung to be in butt joint with the storage compartment in which the fire extinguishing medium is stored by the aid of the swing support, so that the fire extinguishing medium in the storage compartment is emitted into the emission compartment from the emission compartment and is sprayed to the fire occurrence position of the energy storage battery compartment through the communication pipeline; in the open fire stage, the fire extinguishing medium is utilized to quickly extinguish the open fire, so that the fire is prevented from spreading to other battery units; and then the launching cabin rotates to be in butt joint with the storage cabin in which the passivated cooling medium is stored, so that the passivated cooling medium in the storage cabin is sprayed to a fire from the launching cabin through a communication pipeline, the passivated cooling medium is utilized to passivate active lithium substances in the thermal runaway battery, the development of the thermal runaway of the battery is interrupted, heat generated by the thermal runaway is neutralized, the fire is completely extinguished, and the thermal runaway and the spread of the thermal runaway are thoroughly controlled. Compared with the traditional fire extinguishing mode, the passive fire extinguishing explosion suppression system has the advantages that the loss of fire extinguishing medium can be greatly reduced, the fire extinguishing effect is higher, and the fire extinguishing is correspondingly rapid.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide an understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system of a lithium battery energy storage system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cooling-coupled fire extinguishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another perspective of the cooling-coupled fire extinguishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 isbase:Sub>A schematic cross-sectional view taken at location A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the fire-extinguishing chamber of the cooling-coupled fire-extinguishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a fire extinguishing ball of the cooling coupled fire extinguishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of another perspective of a fire extinguishing ball in the cooling coupled fire extinguishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken at the location B-B in FIG. 7;
figure 9 is an XRD measurement of battery residue after fire extinguishing with conventional perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent and with the passivated cooling medium of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
Figure GDA0003828670040000061
Figure GDA0003828670040000071
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and are not restrictive thereof.
The passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system of the lithium battery energy storage system according to the invention is described below with reference to the attached drawings.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system, the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system comprising:
a fire detection module 83 for locating a fire in the energy storage battery compartment 80 and sending a fire occurrence signal;
the cooling coupling fire extinguishing device 82 is communicated with the energy storage battery compartment 80 through a communication pipeline 70, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the cooling coupling fire extinguishing device 82 comprises a plurality of storage compartments 10 and a launching compartment 20, wherein a passivating cooling medium for passivating active lithium and inhibiting thermal runaway is stored in one storage compartment 10, and a fire extinguishing medium for extinguishing open fire is stored in the other storage compartments 10; the passivation cooling medium is a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen, the content of the oxygen is not higher than 3%, and the passivation cooling reaction principle is as follows: li (active lithium) + CO 2 +1/2O 2 →Li 2 CO 3 ；
A launch cabin 20 rotatably mounted on the ceiling 60 by a swing bracket 23 to dock different storage cabins 10; and
a control module 90 in communication with the fire detection module 83 and configured to:
receiving a fire occurrence signal from the fire detection module 83 and monitoring the fire in real time;
the launch capsule 20 is controlled to swing to be connected to the discharge end of the corresponding storage capsule 10 according to the fire stage and fire extinguishing medium or inactivating cooling medium in the storage capsule 10 is sprayed to the fire occurrence location through the communication pipe 70.
In the lithium battery energy storage system, when a lithium battery in the energy storage battery compartment 80 is on fire, open fire is generated, due to the fact that the open fire is high in temperature and high in development speed, spreading and diffusion are easy to spread to other batteries, and flammable substances such as cables in the battery compartment are on fire, fire conditions are enlarged, and fire disasters are difficult to control. Secondly, lithium battery fires are thermal runaway fires. Thermal runaway refers to the situation that a large amount of active lithium substances are contained in a battery, and the temperature of the battery rapidly rises due to chain reaction, so that electrodes, electrolyte, a diaphragm and a binder in the battery are rapidly decomposed, and the battery generates smoke, fires and burns and generates combustible and explosive gas. The combustible explosive gas comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene and the like. The energy generated by thermal runaway of a 100Ah lithium battery cell weighing about 1.4Kg can be equivalent to 212g of TNT explosive; and the number of the battery cells contained in one energy storage battery compartment 80 can reach more than 5000, and the generated heat is very large. After lithium cell takes place the thermal runaway usually, adopt traditional processing mode, only consume totally with the heat that lithium cell thermal runaway produced, can thoroughly put out the lithium cell conflagration.
Based on a number of experimental and theoretical studies, it was found that lithium is the most inert metal element of the alkali metals and that active lithium and carbon dioxide are non-reactive at room temperature. However, when the battery thermally runaway, the temperature of the battery body rises, the above passivation cooling reaction can occur under high temperature conditions in the presence of a small amount of oxygen. Since the passivation reaction consumes active lithium, the chain thermal runaway reaction caused by the active lithium can be suppressed, the temperature of the battery does not rapidly rise, and the occurrence and development of fire can be effectively suppressed.
Specifically, in the fire extinguishing process of the present invention, when the fire detection module 83 detects a fire occurrence signal and transmits the fire occurrence signal to the control module 90, the fire detection module 83 simultaneously locates the location of the fire occurrence within the energy storage battery compartment 80 to ensure accuracy in the subsequent fire extinguishing process; the control module 90 receives the fire occurrence signal and controls to open the launch cabin 20 to be in butt joint with the storage cabin 10 storing the fire extinguishing medium or the passivation cooling medium after the fire period, and then sprays the fire extinguishing medium to the fire occurrence position through the communication pipeline 70 to extinguish the fire.
Wherein, be provided with in the storage compartment 10 and be provided with fire extinguishing ball 11 that can remove along length direction, be provided with the on-off valve on the fire extinguishing ball 11 in order to discharge extinguishing medium or passivation cooling medium. Wherein the fire extinguishing ball 11 in the storage compartment can be supplemented for the continuity of the subsequent fire extinguishing.
Firstly, when the fire is in the open fire stage, the launching cabin 20 rotates to the place where the storage cabin 10 containing the fire extinguishing medium is in butt joint with the storage cabin 20 through the swing bracket 23, the feeding port of the launching cabin 20 is in butt joint with the discharging port of the storage cabin 10 storing the fire extinguishing medium, the fire extinguishing ball 11 containing the fire extinguishing medium in the storage cabin 10 moves into the launching cabin 20, the launching cabin 20 rotates to the inlet of the communication pipeline 70 and is communicated, the fire extinguishing ball 11 containing the fire extinguishing medium is launched to the outlet of the launching cabin 20, the control unit controls the switch valve on the fire extinguishing ball 11 to be opened, the fire extinguishing medium in the fire extinguishing ball 11 is jetted to the fire position through the communication pipeline 70, so that the fire extinguishing medium quickly extinguishes the open fire, and the fire is prevented from spreading to other battery units; an opening control valve and a one-way circulation valve 71 are sequentially arranged in the communication pipeline 70 along the circulation direction of the fire extinguishing medium or the passivated cooling medium, and the one-way circulation valve 71 is used for enabling the fire extinguishing medium or the passivated cooling medium to flow in a one-way mode and preventing gas from reversely flowing back to a corresponding device; when the open fire is extinguished, the on-off control valve 72 is closed, so that the entire communication pipe 70 is in a closed state;
and then, in the stage after open fire control, the launching cabin 20 rotates to be in butt joint with the storage cabin 10 in which the passivated cooling medium is stored, at the moment, the fire extinguishing ball 11 containing the fire extinguishing medium at the position, close to the outlet, of the launching cabin 20 is launched to the outside, the fire extinguishing ball 11 containing the passivated cooling medium in the storage cabin 10 enters the launching cabin 20 and is launched to the position of the outlet of the launching cabin 20, the control unit controls the switch valve on the fire extinguishing ball 11 to be opened, the passivated cooling medium in the fire extinguishing ball 11 is jetted to the position of a fire through the communicating pipeline 70, the passivated cooling medium is diffused to continuously cool the energy storage battery at a fixed temperature pulse type deep position, and after the battery is contacted with a battery out of control, the passivated cooling medium and active lithium react under the high-temperature condition to rapidly absorb a large amount of heat. Meanwhile, the gas permeability of the mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is strong, and the mixture can be deeply cooled in the battery, so that the thermal runaway of the battery is prevented, and the fire re-ignition and gas explosion are prevented. In addition, the mixture of carbon dioxide and low-concentration oxygen is a non-combustible and non-explosive gas, and is filled in the energy storage battery compartment 80, so that the concentration of the combustible gas can be diluted, and the gas explosion can be avoided.
The invention adopts the high-efficiency fire extinguishing medium to extinguish the open fire at the initial stage of the fire, quickly prevents the spread and diffusion of the open fire, and controls the fire in a small scale range; and meanwhile, the battery is continuously passivated with active lithium substances by adopting a method of passivating the passivation gas of the cooling medium, so that heat is absorbed and the temperature is reduced. Meanwhile, the gas diffusivity of the passivated active lithium is good, the active lithium can be deeply passivated, the battery is cooled, and the heat transfer efficiency is high, so that the effect is good, the thermal runaway can be effectively inhibited, and the thermal runaway spread is thoroughly avoided. In addition, when the passivation cooling medium gas cools the energy storage cabin, the gas is non-combustible, and the concentration of combustion-supporting gas oxygen in the gas is low, so that the explosion suppression effect is further realized on the energy storage system, and the explosion of the energy storage system is effectively prevented. The passivating cooling medium has good cleaning performance and does not pollute the environment. The passive cooling medium is used for inhibiting the thermal runaway of the battery, and compared with the conventional gas extinguishing agent such as heptafluoropropane, the passive cooling medium has low cost and good economical efficiency. Further, the present invention achieves fire extinguishing by launching the fire extinguishing ball 11 using the launch capsule 20, which results in less loss of fire extinguishing medium or passive cooling medium, higher fire extinguishing efficiency, and a correspondingly faster fire extinguishing than conventional fire extinguishing.
As shown in fig. 9, from XRD images of the passivation fire extinguishing of the present invention and the conventional perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing, it can be seen that there is no lithium carbonate peak in the battery residue after fire extinguishing with the conventional perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent; after the fire extinguishing medium and the passivation cooling medium are adopted for fire extinguishing, the battery residue has an obvious lithium carbonate peak, which shows that the active lithium is well passivated, and further shows the feasibility of the passivation reaction.
As can be understood, one end of the communication pipeline 70 can be communicated with the discharge end of the launch cabin 20, the other end of the communication pipeline 70 is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines 73, each branch pipeline 73 passes through the energy storage battery cabin 80 and the outlet of the branch pipeline is provided with a nozzle 81, the fire extinguishing medium or the passivation cooling medium in the fire extinguishing ball 11 is conveyed into the communication pipeline 70 and conveyed into the branch pipeline 73 through the communication pipeline 70, and the fire extinguishing medium or the passivation cooling medium is sprayed into the energy storage battery cabin 80 through the nozzle 81 at the air outlet of the branch pipeline 73 so as to extinguish the fire of the battery in the energy storage battery cabin 80. Wherein a plurality of nozzles 81 set up along the direction of height of energy storage battery cabin 80 evenly interval in proper order to can be more comprehensive carry out the uniformity to the space of energy storage battery cabin 80 and put out a fire.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the passivation fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system further comprises:
the semicircular fixing plate 30 is arranged in a concave manner towards the feeding end of the launching cabin 20, the semicircular fixing plate 30 is provided with a communication port 31 for the fire extinguishing ball 11 to pass through, and the semicircular fixing plate 30 is arranged into a semicircle shape and can cover an angle range of 180 degrees, so that the requirement of rotary butt joint of the launching cabin 20 at different angles can be met;
the number of the communicating openings 31 is the same as that of the guide cylinders 40, the communicating openings 31 are connected to the discharge end of each storage cabin 10 in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the cross section of the discharge end portion of each guide cylinder 40 is perpendicularly connected with the arc-shaped surface of the semicircular fixing plate 30, the feed end of each guide cylinder 40 penetrates through the ceiling 60 and is in butt joint with the discharge end of each storage cabin 10, and the discharge end of each guide cylinder 40 is correspondingly connected with the communicating openings 31.
In order to meet the purpose that the launching capsule 20 is butted with the storage capsule 10 at different swinging positions, the guide cylinders 40 are arranged into arc-shaped cylindrical structures, and the storage capsule 10 is in a straight cylindrical structure, so that no matter how many storage capsules 10 are, the storage capsules can be butted at the feeding end of the launching capsule 20 through the guide effect of the guide cylinders 40; as shown in the drawings, it is preferable that the storage compartment 10 and the guide cylinders 40 are three in number, and the included angle between the three guide cylinders 40 is 30 °. Two of the storage compartments 10 store fire extinguishing mediums (one is used as a main fire extinguishing medium, and the other is used as a backup fire extinguishing medium to prevent the main fire extinguishing medium from losing efficacy or other accidents from being freely switched to the backup fire extinguishing medium, so as to avoid delaying the fire extinguishing time), and the other storage compartment 10 stores passivated cooling medium.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the launching capsule 20 comprises a launching conveyer capsule 21 and a pressurizing capsule 22 which are communicated along the axial direction, two launching conveyer belts 24 which extend along the axial direction are symmetrically installed on the inner peripheral wall of the launching conveyer capsule 21 along the radial direction, and the launching conveyer belts 24 clamp the outer periphery of the fire extinguishing ball 11 and drive the fire extinguishing ball 11 to launch towards the launching port of the launching conveyer capsule 21; an air storage tank 25 and an electromagnetic valve 26 for controlling the opening and closing of the air storage tank 25 are installed on the periphery of the pressurizing chamber 22, and an air outlet end of the air storage tank 25 penetrates through the pressurizing chamber 22 and applies pressure gas to the pressurizing chamber 22. The outer side wall of the launching cabin 20 is further provided with a launching driving mechanism corresponding to the launching conveyer belt 24, the launching driving mechanism comprises rotating shafts which are arranged at intervals and extend along the same direction, the launching conveyer belt 24 is wound between the two rotating shafts, one of the rotating shafts is further provided with a launching motor for driving the rotating shafts to rotate, after the launching motor is started, an output shaft of the launching motor rotates to drive the rotating shafts to rotate, so that the launching conveyer belt 24 moves, and the reciprocating movement of the launching conveyer belt 24 can be realized by the forward rotation or the reverse rotation of the output shaft of the launching motor; wherein, the upper and lower launching conveyer belts 24 extend along the axial direction of the launching cabin 20 and clamp the fire extinguishing balls 11 entering the launching cabin 20; when the rotation speed of the output shaft of the launching motor is increased, the moving speed of the launching conveyer 24 is also increased, so that the launching speed of the fire extinguishing ball 11 from the launching port of the launching capsule 20 can be increased. The automatic fire extinguishing ball 11 is simple and convenient in structural mode, manual operation is not needed, the launching position can be adjusted according to the fire situation of a fire, and fire extinguishing efficiency is improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the fire extinguishing ball 11 includes:
an annular fixed frame 111;
a hollow hybrid round steel cylinder 112 fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the annular fixing frame 111 by a mounting support 114;
the plurality of chemical balls 113 contain fire extinguishing medium or passivation cooling medium, the plurality of chemical balls 113 are symmetrically distributed along the circumferential inner side wall of the hollow mixing round steel cylinder 112, and the outer circumferential wall of the chemical balls 113 is provided with a bulge 117 penetrating through the side wall of the hollow mixing round steel cylinder 112; for the fire extinguishing ball 11 containing the passivation cooling medium, each chemical ball 113 in the fire extinguishing ball 11 contains oxygen or carbon dioxide, and after the chemical ball 113 is punctured, the carbon dioxide and the oxygen can be mixed in the hollow mixing round steel cylinder 112 to form the passivation cooling medium; preferably, the number of the chemical agent balls 113 is four, and the four chemical agent balls 113 are symmetrically distributed along the radial direction of the hollow mixing round steel cylinder 112, so as to divide the hollow mixing round steel cylinder 112 into four equal parts;
the mounting pillar 114 is a hollow cylinder structure, and a piercing spike 116 for piercing the sidewall of the medicine ball 113 and a pushing piston 115 for driving the piercing spike 116 to move axially are disposed in the mounting pillar 114 along the axial direction.
When the fire extinguishing ball 11 is introduced into the pressurizing chamber 22 of the launching chamber 20 from the guide cylinder 40, the solenoid valve 26 corresponding to the air storage tank 25 in the pressurizing chamber 22 is opened, so that the air storage tank 25 applies pressure gas to the pressurizing chamber 22, thereby increasing the pressure in the pressurizing chamber 22.
An installation groove is formed on the inner wall of the annular fixed frame 111, the installation supporting column 114 is of a hollow cylindrical structure with one open end, and the open end of the installation supporting column 114 is clamped in the installation groove, so that the installation supporting column 114 is fixedly connected; a gap is formed between the open end surface of the mounting pillar 114 and the bottom wall of the mounting groove, so that the pressure gas in the gas storage tank 25 can generate pressure on the pushing piston 115 through the gap to make the pushing piston 115 communicate with the piercing pins 116 to move towards the direction of the chemical pellets 113, so that the piercing pins 116 pierce the components in the chemical pellets 113, and thus the fire extinguishing components in a plurality of chemical pellets 113 are simultaneously mixed in the hollow mixing cylinder 112 to wait for final fire extinguishing.
As shown in fig. 8, a plurality of arc-shaped connecting plates 118 are uniformly attached to the outer circumferential wall of the annular fixing frame 111 at intervals, the plurality of arc-shaped connecting plates 118 form a circular shape with a discontinuous middle, the arc-shaped connecting plates 118 have the same radian as the outer circumferential wall of the annular fixing frame 111, and the mounting strut 114 is located between any two arc-shaped connecting plates 118; the bottom of installation pillar 114 forms the stabilizer blade that extends towards arch 117 and with the sealed cooperation of the lateral wall of arch 117, the inboard center of diapire of installation pillar 114 is formed with the through-hole that supplies puncture nail 116 to pass, through promoting piston 115 and promote puncture nail 116 and realize the mode that the puncture of medicament ball 113 mixes the component of putting out a fire, has realized the automatic mixing of the component of putting out a fire, has improved fire control effect, and the fire extinguishing agent mixes in cavity mixing round steel bottle 112, has reduced the medicament loss.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the launching and delivering capsule 21, the compression chamber 22 and the storage chamber 10 are all cylindrical pipe structures and have the same inner diameter, and the outer peripheral wall of the annular fixed frame 111 is internally tangent to the inner side wall of the cylindrical pipe, so that the whole fire extinguishing ball 11 can normally move in the launching and delivering capsule 21, the compression chamber 22 and the storage chamber 10; when the diameter of the fire extinguishing ball 11 is too small, the fire extinguishing ball will rotate in all directions in the cabin, and when the diameter of the fire extinguishing ball 11 is too large, the fire extinguishing ball cannot be contained in the cabin.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the launch vehicle 20 and the storage vehicle 10 are respectively located on two sides of a ceiling 60, the swing bracket 23 is in a trapezoidal structure and spans two opposite side walls of the launch vehicle 21, and a rotary driving mechanism 27 capable of driving the launch vehicle 21 to swing is installed on the ceiling 60;
the rotary driving mechanism 27 comprises a driving motor 271, a driving gear 272 and a driven gear 273 engaged with the periphery of the driving gear 272, the driven gear 273 is mounted on one side of the ceiling 60 departing from the swing bracket 23 and is fixedly connected with the swing bracket 23 through a mounting shaft, the center of the driving gear 272 is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor 271, and the driving gear 272 can be driven to rotate by the rotation of the output shaft of the driving motor 271, so that the driven gear 273 is driven to rotate.
When the output shaft of the driving motor 271 rotates, the driving gear 272 is driven to rotate, and the periphery of the driving gear 272 is meshed with the periphery of the driven gear 273, so that the rotation of the driven gear 273 is realized; further, since the center of the driven gear 273 is fixedly connected with the swing bracket 23 through the mounting shaft, the mounting shaft can rotate in the through hole in the ceiling 60 after passing through the ceiling 60, so that the driving motor 271 is started to swing the swing bracket 23; the invention drives the swing bracket 23 through the rotary driving mechanism 27 to drive the whole launching cabin 20 to swing, thereby accurately adjusting the rotation angle of the launching cabin 20 and improving the fire extinguishing effect.
In the embodiment of the present invention, two valve plates 50 are hung in the compression chamber 22 at intervals in the axial direction, the valve plates 50 radially penetrate the compression chamber 22, the axial distance between the two valve plates 50 is greater than the outer diameter of the fire extinguishing ball 11, the hanging lugs 53 of the valve plates 50 extend to the upper side of the compression chamber 22, the valve plates 50 radially penetrate the guide cylinder 40 near the discharge end, the valve plates 50 are in a circular plate type structure, and the diameter of the valve plates 50 is greater than the outer diameter of the guide cylinder 40 or the compression chamber 22, so that the valve plates 50 can completely seal the compression chamber 22 or the guide cylinder 40, a receiving groove is formed in the outer peripheral wall below the compression chamber 22 or the guide cylinder 40, and when the valve plates 50 are overlapped with the radial section circle of the compression chamber 22 or the guide cylinder 40, the lower ends of the valve plates 50 freely locate in the receiving groove, so that the receiving groove plays a role of protecting the valve plates 50.
Each valve plate 50 is correspondingly connected with a valve plate driving mechanism, and the valve plate driving mechanism is used for driving the valve plate 50 to rotate around the hanging lug 53 so as to switch on and off the transmitting and conveying cabin 21 and the pressurizing cabin 22 or switch on and off the pressurizing cabin 22 and the guide cylinder 40; the valve plate driving mechanism comprises a mounting base 51 and a valve plate motor 52 mounted on the mounting base 51, wherein a shaft hole is formed in the mounting base 51, an output shaft of the valve plate motor 52 sequentially and tightly penetrates through the shaft hole and an ear hole of the hanging lug 53, and the output shaft of the valve plate motor 52 rotates to drive the valve plate 50 to rotate around the hanging lug 53 in a radial plane.
Preferably, mount pad 51 includes diaphragm and riser, valve plate motor 52 is installed on the diaphragm and perpendicular with the riser, install the gear between valve plate motor 52's output shaft and riser, valve plate motor 52's output shaft is pegged graft in the center of gear and can be driven the gear rotation, the shaft hole has been seted up on the riser, earhole and shaft hole mutual disposition on the hangers 53 of valve plate 50, adopt the connecting axle to pass shaft hole and earhole in order to connect the gear, riser and hangers 53, thereby drive whole valve plate 50 and use hangers 53 as the center at radial plane internal rotation when the gear is rotatory.
When the fire is found, the swing bracket 23 swings, and the pressure chamber 22 is connected with different guide cylinders 40, then the valve plates 50 in the guide cylinders 40 are opened, the right valve plate 50 in the pressure chamber 22 is opened, and the required fire extinguishing ball 11 is transferred into the pressure chamber 22; during fire extinguishing, all valve plates 50 are closed, the electromagnetic valve 26 is opened, the gas storage tank 25 applies pressure gas to the pressurization cabin 22 to enable the pressure of the pressurization cabin 22 to rise, then the pushing piston 115 in the fire extinguishing ball 11 is pushed, the pushing piston 115 pushes the puncturing nails 116 to puncture the chemical agent balls 113, and fire extinguishing components in a plurality of chemical agent balls 113 are released and mixed in the hollow mixing round steel cylinder 112; then the valve plate 50 at the left side of the pressurizing cabin 22 is opened, and the fire extinguishing ball 11 moves into the launching cabin 20; the fire extinguishing ball 11 is clamped by the upper and lower launching conveyer belts 24 in the launching cabin 20, the launching conveyer belts 24 firstly reciprocate under the driving of the driving component, so that the fire extinguishing ball 11 moves back and forth to mix fire extinguishing components, and then the launching conveyer belts 24 rapidly convey outwards to launch the fire extinguishing ball 11 to an outlet.
In an embodiment of the invention, the storage temperature T of the inertly cooled extinguishing medium 1 The temperature is between 50 ℃ below zero and 0 ℃, and the storage pressure is between 3.0MPa and 10.0MPa. In particular, the storage conditions for the inertly cooled extinguishing medium differ for different oxygen contents in the inertly cooled extinguishing medium. When the content of oxygen is 0.5%, the preservation temperature of the mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is-50 ℃, and the preservation pressure is 10.0MPa; when the oxygen content is 0.3%, the preservation temperature of the mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is-10 ℃, the preservation pressure is 3.0MPa, and the material of the medicament ball 113 for storing the passivation cooling medium is determined according to the oxygen content and the storage condition.
In the embodiment of the invention, the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system of the lithium battery energy storage system further comprises an explosion-proof exhaust module for exhausting combustible gas in the energy storage battery compartment 80, and the explosion-proof exhaust module is electrically connected with the control module 90. In the process of fire extinguishing, when the fire extinguishing medium begins to extinguish the fire of the open fire, the explosion-proof exhaust module is simultaneously opened to discharge the combustible gas in the energy storage battery compartment 80, assist in fire extinguishing and prevent the combustible gas in the energy storage battery compartment 80 from aggravating the severity of the fire.
<xnotran> , 3- -3,3- ,4- -3,3,4,4- ,2- -2,2- ,2- -2,3,3,3- ,3- -2,2,3,3- ,1,1-2 , , , , , , , -2- -3- , -2- -3- , , , , , ,2- , , . </xnotran> More preferably, the fire extinguishing medium is perfluorobutane or 3-bromo-2, 3-tetrafluoropropanol.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire detection module 83 includes a combination of one or more of a smoke sensing component for detecting smoke, a temperature sensing component for monitoring temperature, a combustible gas detection component for monitoring combustible gas, and a pressure monitoring component for monitoring battery pressure. After the battery fires, smoke, high temperature and combustible gas are generated simultaneously, so the fire detection module 83 simultaneously adopts one or more combinations of a smoke sensing component (monitoring smoke), a temperature sensing component (monitoring temperature) and a combustible gas detection component (monitoring combustible gas) to detect, and the timeliness and accuracy of detection are ensured. Wherein the gas monitored by the combustible gas detection component comprises one or a combination of more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and VOC (volatile organic compounds).
In the embodiment of the invention, the dosage configuration formula of the passivation cooling medium in the process of controlling the thermal runaway of the battery is as follows:
W＝K Q 1 /(C p (T 2 -T 1 ))
wherein W is the consumption of the passivation cooling medium; c p Is the specific heat capacity of the passivated cooling medium; t is 2 Is a temperature at which thermal runaway does not occur; t is 1 To passivate the temperature of the cooling medium; k is the reciprocal of the cooling efficiency of the passivated cooling medium; q 1 To minimize the heat generated by a fire in a battery unit.
Specifically, the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen mixed passivation cooling medium released is related to the capacity of the battery in the energy storage battery compartment 80, and it is necessary to ensure that the amount of heat absorbed by the passivation cooling medium is greater than the maximum amount of heat generated by thermal runaway of the battery protection unit. C p Is the specific heat capacity of carbon dioxide, T 2 Is 100 degrees, T 1 At-10 deg.C, the cooling efficiency K of the passivated cooling medium is 1.2 1 The heat generated by fire disaster of the battery unit is protected to the minimum.
The calculation formula is used for calculating the following parameters: the dosage of the passivated cooling medium W = 1.2X 1.1 GJ/(0.840 KJ/(Kg. DEG C) x (100 + 10)) =14285Kg.
In an embodiment of the invention, the invention further provides a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression method for the lithium battery energy storage system, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a fire occurrence signal;
controlling the launching capsule 20 to launch the fire extinguishing ball 11 containing the fire extinguishing medium according to the fire occurrence signal;
acquiring temperature information of the battery module, and comparing the temperature of the battery module with the open fire temperature;
when the temperature of the battery module is lower than the open fire temperature, the fire extinguishing medium stops spraying to extinguish the fire, and the passivation cooling medium is started to spray to cool the battery module.
After the fire detection module 83 detects a fire occurrence signal and confirms the position of the fire occurrence, the explosion-proof exhaust module and the launch cabin 20 are started within 1s to swing, so that the launch cabin 20 is butted with the storage cabin 10 storing fire extinguishing medium, and the fire extinguishing ball 11 containing the fire extinguishing medium in the storage cabin 10 is conveyed to the launch cabin 20 to launch the fire extinguishing medium, so as to extinguish the open fire of the battery module by adopting the fire extinguishing medium.
When the temperature of battery module is less than the naked light temperature, launching cabin 20 stops to spray extinguishing medium, and the rotatory butt joint of the feed end of launching cabin 20 receives the discharge end of the storage cabin 10 that holds passivation cooling medium, and the ball 11 of putting out a fire at this moment removes and launches in launching cabin 20, and passivation cooling medium in the ball 11 of putting out a fire is from putting out a fire in the ball 11 of putting out a fire via the blowout of intercommunication pipeline 70 with cooling battery module. Wherein the open fire temperature was set at 250 ℃.
In an embodiment of the invention, the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression method for the lithium battery energy storage system further comprises the following steps:
comparing the temperature of the battery module with the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, wherein the thermal runaway temperature of the battery is 100 ℃;
stopping the spraying of the passivation cooling medium when the temperature of the battery module is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery;
and when the temperature of the battery module is higher than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, starting the injection of the passivation cooling medium.
In particular, during fire extinguishing, the temperature in the battery module may be monitored using a thermocouple. When the temperature of the battery module is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, stopping launching the fire extinguishing ball 11 containing the passivated cooling medium to the fire position by the launching cabin 20; when the temperature of the battery module is higher than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, the launching cabin 20 is in butt joint with the storage cabin 10 containing the passivation cooling medium so as to realize the injection of the passivation cooling medium; this embodiment is through the temperature according to battery module, and the release of passivation cooling medium is opened to circulation pulsed, and the heat that produces until battery thermal runaway is all absorbed by passivation cooling medium and is ended, thermal runaway reaction to the thermal runaway of control battery avoids the aggravation or the relapse of conflagration. Wherein the thermal runaway temperature is set to 100 ℃.
The invention is applied to the place for protecting the lithium battery energy storage system, the lithium battery energy storage system is composed of a plurality of battery clusters, each battery cluster is composed of a plurality of battery cabinets, each battery cabinet comprises a plurality of battery modules, and the battery modules are the minimum units for protecting the fire extinguishing system.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a lithium cell energy storage system passivation fire extinguishing explosion suppression system which characterized in that, lithium cell energy storage system passivation fire extinguishing explosion suppression system includes:
the fire detection module (83) is used for positioning the fire position in the energy storage battery compartment (80) and sending a fire occurrence signal;
the cooling coupling fire extinguishing device (82) is communicated with the energy storage battery compartment (80) through a communication pipeline (70), the cooling coupling fire extinguishing device (82) comprises a plurality of storage compartments (10) and a launching compartment (20), wherein a passivating cooling medium for passivating active lithium and inhibiting thermal runaway is stored in one of the storage compartments (10), and a fire extinguishing medium for extinguishing open fire is stored in the other storage compartments (10); the passivation cooling medium is a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen, the content of the oxygen is not higher than 3%, the storage temperature of the passivation cooling fire extinguishing medium is-50 ℃ to 0 ℃, and the passivation cooling reaction principle is as follows: active lithium + CO 2 +1/2O 2 →Li 2 CO 3 (ii) a The launch modules (20) are rotatably mounted on a ceiling (60) by means of a swing bracket (23) to dock different storage modules (10);
a control module (90) in communication with the fire detection module (83) and configured to:
receiving a fire occurrence signal sent by the fire detection module (83) and monitoring the fire in real time;
controlling the launching cabin (20) to swing and be connected to the discharge end of the corresponding storage cabin (10) according to the fire stage, and spraying the fire extinguishing medium or the passivation cooling medium in the storage cabin (10) to the fire occurrence position through a communication pipeline (70).
2. The passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein one end of the communication pipeline (70) can be communicated with the discharge end of the launching cabin (20), the other end of the communication pipeline (70) is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines (73), each branch pipeline (73) penetrates through the energy storage battery cabin (80), and the outlet of each branch pipeline is provided with a nozzle (81).
3. The passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system of a lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that a fire-extinguishing ball (11) capable of moving along a length direction is arranged in the storage compartment (10), a switch valve is arranged on the fire-extinguishing ball (11) to discharge a fire-extinguishing medium or a passivation cooling medium, and the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system of the lithium battery energy storage system further comprises:
the semicircular fixing plate (30) is inwards concave towards the feeding end of the launching cabin (20), and a communication opening (31) for the fire extinguishing ball (11) to pass through is formed in the semicircular fixing plate (30);
the guide cylinders (40) are connected to the discharge ends of the storage cabins (10) in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the cross sections of the discharge end portions of the guide cylinders (40) are perpendicularly connected with the arc-shaped surface of the semicircular fixing plate (30), the feed ends of the guide cylinders (40) penetrate through the ceiling (60) and are in butt joint with the discharge ends of the storage cabins (10), and the discharge ends of the guide cylinders (40) are correspondingly connected with the communication ports (31).
4. A passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that the launch capsule (20) comprises, in axial communication:
the inner peripheral wall of the launching and conveying cabin (21) is symmetrically provided with two launching conveyer belts (24) which extend along the axial direction along the radial direction, and the launching conveyer belts (24) clamp the outer periphery of the fire extinguishing ball (11) and drive the fire extinguishing ball (11) to convey towards a launching port of the launching and conveying cabin (21); and
air holder (25) and control are installed to pressurization cabin (22), peripheral wall the solenoid valve (26) of air holder (25) switch, the end of giving vent to anger of air holder (25) passes pressurization cabin (22) and right exert pressure gas in pressurization cabin (22).
5. The passivation, fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system for lithium battery energy storage systems according to claim 4, characterized in that the fire extinguishing ball (11) comprises:
an annular fixed frame (111);
a hollow mixing round steel cylinder (112) fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the annular fixed frame (111) through a mounting support (114);
a plurality of chemical balls (113) which contain the fire extinguishing medium or the passivation cooling medium, wherein the chemical balls (113) are symmetrically distributed along the circumferential inner side wall of the hollow mixing round steel cylinder (112), and the outer circumferential wall of the chemical ball (113) is provided with a bulge (117) which penetrates through the side wall of the hollow mixing round steel cylinder (112);
the mounting support column (114) is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and a puncture nail (116) for puncturing the side wall of the medicament ball (113) and a pushing piston (115) for driving the puncture nail (116) to move axially are arranged in the mounting support column (114) along the axial direction.
6. A passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that a plurality of arc-shaped connecting plates (118) are attached to the outer peripheral wall of the annular fixing frame (111) at regular intervals, the arc-shaped connecting plates (118) have the same arc as the outer peripheral arc of the annular fixing frame (111), and the mounting pillars (114) are located between any two arc-shaped connecting plates (118); the bottom of the mounting support column (114) forms a leg extending towards the bulge (117) and is in sealing fit with the outer side wall of the bulge (117), and a through hole for the penetration of the piercing nail (116) is formed in the center of the inner side of the bottom wall of the mounting support column (114);
the launching and conveying cabin (21), the pressurizing cabin (22) and the storage cabin (10) are all of cylindrical pipeline structures and have the same inner diameter, and the outer peripheral wall of the annular fixing frame (111) is internally tangent to the inner side wall of the cylindrical pipeline.
7. The passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the emission cabin (20) and the storage cabin (10) are respectively located at two sides of the ceiling (60), the swing bracket (23) is in a trapezoidal structure and spans two opposite side walls of the emission conveying cabin (21), and a rotary driving mechanism (27) capable of driving the emission conveying cabin (21) to swing is installed on the ceiling (60);
the rotary driving mechanism (27) comprises a driving motor (271), a driving gear (272) and a driven gear (273) meshed with the periphery of the driving gear (272), the driven gear (273) is installed on one side, deviating from the swing support (23), of the ceiling (60) and is fixedly connected with the swing support (23) through a mounting shaft, the center of the driving gear (272) is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor (271), and the driving gear (272) can be driven to rotate by rotation of the output shaft of the driving motor (271) so as to drive the driven gear (273) to rotate.
8. A passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system of a lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that two valve plates (50) are hung in the pressurizing chamber (22) at intervals along the axial direction, the valve plates (50) penetrate the pressurizing chamber (22) along the radial direction, the axial distance between the two valve plates (50) is larger than the outer diameter of the fire extinguishing ball (11), lugs (53) of the valve plates (50) extend to the upper part of the pressurizing chamber (22), and the valve plates (50) are penetrated through the guide cylinder (40) close to the discharge end along the radial direction;
each valve plate (50) is correspondingly connected with a valve plate driving mechanism, and the valve plate driving mechanism is used for driving the valve plates (50) to rotate around the hanging lugs (53) so as to switch on and off the transmitting and conveying cabin (21) and the pressurizing cabin (22) or switch on and off the pressurizing cabin (22) and the guide cylinder (40);
the valve plate driving mechanism comprises a mounting seat (51) and a valve plate motor (52) mounted on the mounting seat (51), wherein a shaft hole is formed in the mounting seat (51), an output shaft of the valve plate motor (52) sequentially penetrates through the shaft hole and an ear hole of a hanging lug (53), and an output shaft of the valve plate motor (52) rotates to drive the valve plate (50) to rotate around the hanging lug (53) in a radial plane.
9. A passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression method for a lithium battery energy storage system, which is applied to the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring a fire occurrence signal;
controlling the launching cabin (20) to convey a fire extinguishing ball (11) containing fire extinguishing medium according to the fire occurrence signal;
acquiring temperature information of a battery module, and comparing the temperature of the battery module with the open fire temperature;
and when the temperature of the battery module is lower than the open fire temperature, the fire extinguishing medium stops spraying to extinguish the fire, and the passivated cooling medium is started to spray to cool the battery module.
10. The passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression method for the lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 9, further comprising the following steps of:
comparing the temperature of the battery module with a battery thermal runaway temperature, wherein the battery thermal runaway temperature is 100 ℃;
stopping the injection of the passivation cooling medium when the temperature of the battery module is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery;
and when the temperature of the battery module is higher than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, starting the injection of the passivation cooling medium.
CN202210202959.8A 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 Passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage system Active CN114515402B (en)

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CN114191750B (en) * 2021-12-02 2023-07-25 国网湖南省电力有限公司 Passivation fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage system
CN117525709B (en) * 2024-01-05 2024-04-09 深圳市电科电源股份有限公司 Lithium battery energy storage group

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