CN114515006A - Method and system for extracting saponin from Chinese yam to prepare nutrition powder - Google Patents
Method and system for extracting saponin from Chinese yam to prepare nutrition powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN114515006A CN114515006A CN202210159369.1A CN202210159369A CN114515006A CN 114515006 A CN114515006 A CN 114515006A CN 202210159369 A CN202210159369 A CN 202210159369A CN 114515006 A CN114515006 A CN 114515006A
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- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000002722 Dioscorea batatas Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 240000001811 Dioscorea oppositifolia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000003416 Dioscorea oppositifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000006536 Dioscorea esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000004879 dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000281702 Dioscorea villosa Species 0.000 description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008130 triterpenoid saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000004930 Fatty Liver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019708 Hepatic steatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000005548 Hexokinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700040460 Hexokinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000029078 coronary artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000010706 fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07G—COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
- C07G3/00—Glycosides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing nutrition powder by extracting saponin from Chinese yam, which comprises the following steps: crushing, leaching, filtering, extracting, flocculating, concentrating, crystallizing, eluting, recovering and the like. The invention adopts multiple steps to extract saponin, and particularly adds a flocculation step after extraction, thereby improving the extraction rate of saponin. In addition, the invention also discloses a system for preparing the nutrient powder by extracting the saponin from the Chinese yam, which comprises a plurality of groups of industrial equipment and is suitable for industrial mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technology of extracting plant components, and particularly relates to a method for preparing nutritional powder by extracting saponin from Chinese yam.
Background
The Chinese yam is rich in triterpenoid saponins which are the main evaluation indexes of the medicinal quality of the Chinese yam, and the triterpenoid saponins not only have the physiological activities of resisting ulcer, diminishing inflammation, calming, detoxifying and the like, but also have the positive effects of resisting virus and cancer, preventing coronary heart disease, fatty liver and the like. CN1742924A discloses a dioscorea panthaica total saponin injection, which is prepared by refining and purifying dioscorea panthaica total saponins to obtain a more refined dioscorea panthaica total saponin extract. The method has limited enrichment rate of total saponin extract, and needs further improvement.
In addition, the Chinese yam mucilage is high in viscosity and easy to oxidize and deteriorate, and the existing method for processing the Chinese yam mucilage mainly adopts artificial enrichment. Industrial equipment such as CN113400366A, which uses air exposure to process yam mucilage. The efficiency and the convenience need to be considered in the industrial production, and the existing original primary processing equipment is not suitable for fine operations such as yam flocculation, extraction and the like and needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for extracting saponin from Chinese yam to prepare nutrition powder, which can extract saponin from Chinese yam to improve the enrichment rate of saponin and is suitable for industrial production. Furthermore, the invention provides a system for extracting saponin from Chinese yam and preparing nutrition powder, which is suitable for industrial production.
A method for preparing nutrient powder by extracting saponin from Chinese yam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
crushing: pulverizing rhizoma Dioscoreae and sieving with 80 mesh sieve;
leaching: extracting with methanol and/or water for 10-24 hr twice with 3-5 times of solvent;
and (3) filtering: concentrating the filtrate with rotary evaporator at 30-50 deg.C to obtain extract;
and (3) extraction: suspending the extract in 200-300ml distilled water, and extracting the water layer after the degreasing extraction with anhydrous ether for 2-3 times with n-butanol saturated water solution;
Flocculation: taking the extract, adding a flocculating agent accounting for 20% of the volume of the extract while stirring, then placing the extract in a water bath at 45 ℃ for flocculation for 5 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
concentration: collecting water saturated n-butanol extractive solution, concentrating in a rotary evaporator at 40-50 deg.C to obtain extract;
and (3) crystallization: dissolving the above extract with hot methanol to saturation state, and standing in 0-4 deg.C refrigerator for 3 days to obtain milk white crystal;
and (3) elution: eluting with 2-5 times of distilled water, and eluting with ethanol solution;
and (3) recovering: collecting 70% ethanol eluate, heating and concentrating in a rotary evaporator, and freeze drying to obtain milky amorphous powder containing rhizoma Dioscoreae saponin as main ingredient.
In the invention, the flocculating agent consists of 1% of alginic acid steel, 1% of polyaluminium, 1% of diatomite, 1% of anionic polyacrylamide, 1% of cationic polyacrylamide, 1% of nonionic acrylamide and 1% of chitosan.
In the invention, the ethanol solution is eluted by 20 percent ethanol, 70 percent ethanol and absolute ethanol in turn.
A system for preparing nutrient powder by extracting saponin from Chinese yam is characterized by comprising the following equipment:
A crushing tank for crushing the yam to obtain yam mucilage;
the methanol and/or water is cooled and introduced into the leaching kettle to obtain filtrate;
the first rotary evaporator is used for concentrating to obtain an extract;
extracting the extract mixed water layer in an extraction kettle by using n-butyl alcohol saturated water solution to obtain extract liquor;
a flocculation tank: flocculating the extract in a flocculation tank for 5h, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
a second rotary evaporator for second concentration to obtain extract;
a crystallizing tank, dissolving the extract with hot methanol, and obtaining milky white crystals in the crystallizing tank;
an elution tank, wherein the elution tank sequentially adopts distilled water elution and ethanol solution elution to obtain an eluent;
recovering the eluate in a recovering tank, heating and concentrating, and freeze drying to obtain milky amorphous powder.
In the invention, the device also comprises a switching mechanism which is at least connected between the crushing tank and the leaching kettle,
the switching mechanism consists of a first pipeline, a second pipeline, a sealing assembly, a pushing assembly and a rotating assembly, wherein the sealing assembly maintains the distance between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, the pushing assembly and the rotating assembly jointly define the working state, the contraction state and the cleaning state of the first pipeline and the second pipeline,
In the working state, the distance of the joint of the first pipeline and the second pipeline is kept to be maximum,
in the contracted state, the distance at the junction of the first and second conduits is kept to a minimum,
in the cleaning state, the first pipeline and the second pipeline are in back-and-forth switching between a working state and a contraction state.
In the invention, a base is arranged on the rotating component, the first pipeline and the second pipeline are arranged on the base through a supporting seat, the sealing component is arranged on the first pipeline, a sealing sleeve is arranged on the second pipeline, one end of the sealing sleeve is sleeved on the second pipeline, and the other end of the sealing sleeve is connected with the sealing component.
In the invention, the sealing assembly further comprises a locking part and a fixing plate, the locking part is arranged on two sides of the fixing plate, the locking part is internally provided with a fixing piece and a hydraulic press, the hydraulic press is positioned at two ends of the fixing piece, the sealing assembly is internally provided with a driving disc and a driven disc, and a plurality of balls are arranged between the hydraulic press and the driven disc.
According to the invention, the pushing assembly is provided with a first motor, a mounting seat, a fixing seat, a hinge seat, a first hinge rod and a second hinge rod, the fixing seat and the hinge seat are hinged in the middle of the mounting seat, the first motor is provided with a lead screw, the lead screw is provided with a threaded sleeve, the threaded sleeve is hinged on the hinge seat, one ends of the first hinge rod and the second hinge rod are hinged on the hinge seat, the other end of the first hinge rod is hinged on a first pipeline, and the other end of the second hinge rod is hinged on a second pipeline.
The method for preparing the nutrition powder by extracting the saponin from the Chinese yam has alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity, and the dioscorea opposita saponin has hexokinase activating activity, so that the degradation of sugar in a sugar metabolism pathway is accelerated. The flocculation step is added after extraction, so that the extraction rate of the saponin is improved, and the enrichment rate reaches 94 percent.
The switching mechanism can quickly realize the switching of the pipeline state, and is particularly suitable for the pipeline transportation and processing of the Chinese yam mucilage. When the crushing tank conveys the yam mucilage to the leaching kettle, the switching mechanism keeps the end part of the first pipeline or the second pipeline sealed, and when the crushing tank and the leaching kettle work independently, the switching mechanism keeps the end part of the first pipeline or the second pipeline open, which is beneficial to cleaning the pipelines.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for preparing nutritional powder by extracting saponins from Chinese yam according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the pulverizing tank and the leaching tank in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the switching mechanism shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rotary assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the fixing base shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the pusher shoe assembly of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the seal assembly of FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the installation of the seal assembly of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 8.
In the figure: the device comprises a crushing tank 10, a leaching kettle 11, a switching mechanism 12, a supporting seat 13 and a hoop 14;
the seal assembly 151, the first pipe 152, the seal cartridge 153, the driving disk 1531, the second pipe 154, the driven disk 1541, the fixed plate 155, the locking member 156, the fixing member 157, the hydraulic press 158, the balls 159;
a covering portion 17, a positioning section 171, a connecting section 172, a pressing section 173, a rebounding section 174, and a convex section 175;
mounting portion 19, protruding portion 191, recessed portion 192, arcuate slot 193;
a deformation gap 201, an elastic gap 202, a pressing gap 203;
the device comprises a rotating assembly 21, a base 22, a fixed seat 23, a second motor 24, a speed reducer 25, a rotating seat 26, a guide wheel 27 and an internal gear 28.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing nutritional powder by extracting saponin from yam according to the present invention comprises pulverizing, leaching, filtering, extracting, flocculating, concentrating, crystallizing, eluting and recovering.
step 1: weighing 1000 g of Chinese yam according to weight parts, crushing and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve.
step 2: extracting with methanol and/or water for 10-24 hr twice with solvent 3-5 times of rhizoma Dioscoreae.
step 3: concentrating the filtrate with rotary evaporator at 30-50 deg.C to obtain extract.
step 4: suspending the extract in 200-300ml distilled water, and extracting the water layer after degreasing and extraction with anhydrous ether with n-butanol saturated water solution for 2-3 times.
step 5: taking the extract, adding a flocculating agent accounting for 20 percent of the volume of the extract while stirring, then placing the extract in a water bath at 45 ℃ for flocculation for 5 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate. The flocculant consists of 1 percent of alginic acid steel, 1 percent of polyaluminium, 1 percent of diatomite, 1 percent of anionic polyacrylamide, 1 percent of cationic polyacrylamide, 1 percent of nonionic acrylamide and 1 percent of chitosan.
step 6: collecting water saturated n-butanol extractive solution, concentrating in rotary evaporator at 40-50 deg.C, and concentrating to obtain extract.
step 7: dissolving the above extract with hot methanol to saturation state, and standing in 0-4 deg.C refrigerator for 3 days to obtain milky white crystal.
step 8: eluting with 2-5 times of distilled water, and sequentially eluting with 20% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and anhydrous ethanol.
step 9: collecting 70% ethanol eluate, heating and concentrating in a rotary evaporator, and freeze drying to obtain milky amorphous powder containing rhizoma Dioscoreae saponin as main ingredient.
On the basis of the method, a preparation system is developed, and mainly comprises the following equipment: a crushing tank 10, a leaching kettle 11, a first rotary evaporator, an extraction kettle, a flocculation tank, a second rotary evaporator, a crystallization tank, an elution tank and a recovery tank. The preparation system makes it possible to extract saponin from rhizoma Dioscoreae and prepare nutritional powder.
As shown in fig. 2 to 9, the milling tank 10 is connected to the leaching tank 11 by a movable switching mechanism 12. When the yam mucilage is transferred to the leaching tank 11 after the yam is ground in the grinding tank 10, the yam mucilage enters the leaching tank 11 through the first pipe 152 and the second pipe 154 of the switching mechanism 12.
And the chinese yam mucus has certain viscidity, and traditional transfer mode adopts the pipeline lug connection, treats to dismantle it after certain time and washs, and this kind of mode is not only that the dismantlement time is longer, and the operation is difficult, can adhere to a large amount of chinese yam mucus in the pipeline to long-term the use, can lead to fresh chinese yam mucus to receive the pollution after the live time is longer.
When the yam mucilage after transferring stays in the first and second pipes 152 and 154, it adheres to the inner wall, and the inner wall of the first and second pipes 152 and 154 is thickened due to long-term use, so that the inner diameter of the first and second pipes 152 and 154 is gradually reduced, and the load of the pipes is also increased. And the yam mucilage attachments attached to the inner wall of the pipeline can be mixed with the next fresh yam mucilage, so that the quality of the fresh yam mucilage is influenced, and the whole raw materials are polluted in the later period.
The system also comprises a switching mechanism 12, and the switching mechanism 12 is used for connecting the crushing tank 10 with the leaching kettle 11 to realize the transfer of stock solution. The switching mechanism 12 is composed of a first pipe 152, a second pipe 154, a sealing assembly 151, a push moving assembly 16 and a rotating assembly 21, wherein the sealing assembly 151 maintains a distance between the first pipe 152 and the second pipe 154, and the push moving assembly 16 and the rotating assembly 21 jointly define a working state, a contracted state and a cleaning state of the first pipe 152 and the second pipe 154.
In the operating condition, the distance between the junction of the first duct 152 and the second duct 154 is kept at a maximum, while the gland 153 between the first duct 152 and the second duct 154 is stretched, so that the distance between the first duct 152 and the second duct 154 is at a maximum, the first duct 152 being pushed by the first articulated rod 165, the second duct 154 being pushed by the second articulated rod 166, the connection of the first duct 152 to the milling tank 10 being obtained, the connection of the second duct 154 to the leaching tank 11 being obtained.
In the collapsed state, the distance at which the first duct 152 and the second duct 154 are connected is kept to a minimum, and the first articulated lever 165 pulls the first duct 152 and the second articulated lever 166 pulls the second duct 154, so that the first duct 152 is disconnected from the comminution tank 10 and the second duct 154 is disconnected from the leaching tank 11.
In the cleaning state, the first and second conduits 152 and 154 are switched back and forth between an operating state and a contracted state. When cleaning, the first pipe 152 is disconnected from the pulverizing tank 10, the second pipe 154 is disconnected from the leaching tank 11, so that the distance between the first pipe 152 and the second pipe 154 is kept to be minimum, then the rotating assembly 21 is started to drive the first pipe 152 and the second pipe 154 to rotate, when the first pipe 152 and the second pipe 154 are in a vertical state, for the best state of cleaning, the pushing assembly 16 needs to be started during cleaning, so that the first hinge rod 165 and the second hinge rod 166 pull the first pipe 152 and the second pipe 154 back and forth, and the part of the sealing sleeve 153 is convenient to clean.
The switching mechanism 12 is composed of a first pipe 152, a second pipe 154, a sealing assembly 151, a pushing assembly 16, and a rotating assembly 21. The rotating assembly 21 is provided with a base 22, the first pipeline 152 and the second pipeline 154 are installed on the base 22 through the supporting seat 13, the sealing assembly 151 is installed on the first pipeline 152, the second pipeline 154 is provided with a sealing sleeve 153, one end of the sealing sleeve 153 is sleeved on the second pipeline 154, and the other end of the sealing sleeve 153 is connected with the sealing assembly 151. Pusher shoe 16 has a first articulated rod 165 and a second articulated rod 166, first articulated rod 165 being connected to first conduit 152 in an articulated manner, and second articulated rod 166 being connected to second conduit 154 in an articulated manner.
One end of the sealing sleeve 153 is fixed on the second pipeline 154 through the hoop 14, the other end is sleeved on the driven disc 1541, the driven disc 1541 is sleeved through the cladding part 17, and the sealing sleeve 153 is fixed between the driving disc 1531 and the driven disc 1541 through the matching of the hydraulic press 158 and the balls 159. The middle of the sealing sleeve 153 is in an organ-type structure, so that the two ends can extend towards the two ends when stressed and stretched, and the two ends can contract towards the middle when stressed and extruded. When the first and second conduits 152, 154 are pulled or pushed on the support seat 13, the two ends of the sealing sleeve 153 are stretched or squeezed, so that the distance between the first and second conduits 152, 154 changes. When the first pipe 152 and the second pipe 154 are moved toward both ends, the first pipe 152 is connected to the pulverization tank 10, and the second pipe 154 is connected to the leaching tank 11. When the first pipe 152 and the second pipe 154 move towards the middle, the first pipe 152 is disconnected from the crushing tank 10, and the second pipe 154 is disconnected from the leaching kettle 11. Of course, the milling tank 10 and the leaching tank 11 will activate the solenoid valves to close the outlets when they are disconnected from the first and second pipes 152, 154.
The sealing assembly 151 further includes a locking member 156 and a fixing plate 155, the sealing assembly 151 is mounted on the first pipe 152 through the fixing plate 155, the locking member 156 is mounted on both sides of the fixing plate 155, the locking member 156 has a fixing member 157 and hydraulic rams 158 therein, and the hydraulic rams 158 are located at both ends of the fixing member 157.
The sealing assembly 151 has a driving disc 1531 and a driven disc 1541, and the driving disc 1531 and the driven disc 1541 are symmetrically disposed between the two fixing members 157. The hydraulic press 158 and the driven disc 1541 have a plurality of balls 159 therebetween, and the balls 159 are pressed by the driven disc 1541 into contact with the wrap portion 17 of the seal sleeve 153 such that the balls 159 press the seal sleeve 153 between the hydraulic press 158 and the driven disc 1541.
When it is desired to contact the driving plate 1531 and the driven plate 1541, the driven plate 1541 is pushed toward the driving plate 1531 by the hydraulic press 158, so that the covering portion 17 between the driving plate 1531 and the driven plate 1541 is pressed to separate the outside from the inside, thereby preventing yam mucilage from leaking out.
The push assembly 16 can pull the second pipe 154 when the first motor 161 rotates, so that the sealing sleeve 153 is pressed, and the sealing sleeve 153 is connected with the driving plate 1531. And the first motor 161 of the pusher shoe 16 rotates in the opposite direction, the pusher shoe 16 is allowed to stretch the sealing sleeve 153 of the second conduit 154.
The cladding portion 17 is located between the driving disk 1531 and the driven disk 1541, the driving disk 1531 being mounted on the first conduit 152 and the driven disk 1541 being mounted on the second conduit 154. The cladding 17 is used to compress the cladding 17 to seal when the driven plate 1541 approaches the driving plate 1531. The driving plate 1531 has an ear portion 18, the driven plate 1541 has a mounting portion 19, and the cladding portion 17 is located between the mounting portion 19 and the ear portion 18.
The covering portion 17 is composed of a positioning section 171, a connecting section 172, a pressing section 173, a reflecting section 174, and a projecting section 175 in this order, the mounting portion 19 is composed of a projecting portion 191 and a recessed portion 192, and the ear portion 18 has an upper surface 181, a side surface 182, and a projecting portion 183 connected in this order. The positioning section 171, the connecting section 172, the pressing section 173, the rebounding section 174 and the convex section 175 are connected by an arc structure.
The length of the ear 18 is greater than the depth of the recessed portion 192. When moved, the ears 18 do not interfere with the movement of the connecting segments 172. The covering portion 17 is distributed along the wall surface of the mounting portion 19 to restrict the direct contact of the ear portion 18 with the mounting portion 19, thereby achieving the sealing purpose. The positioning section 171 is mounted on the top of the protrusion 191. Specifically, the upper surface of the projection 191 has an arc-shaped groove 193, and the reflecting section 174 of the covering 17 is placed in the arc-shaped groove 193.
The lower end of the ear portion 18 has an arc-shaped portion 184, and the positioning portion 171 is guided by the arc-shaped portion 184 to be engaged therewith. The connecting segment 172 passes around the protruding portion 191, and the connecting segment 172 and the recessed portion 192 form an elastic gap 202, and the elastic gap 202 is pressed by the driving disk 1531 and the driven disk 1541 to disappear. The cover portion 17 and the protrusion portion 191 form a deformation gap 201 therebetween. The width of the spring gap 202 is smaller than the deformation gap 201.
The pressing section 173 contacts the side wall of the recess 192, and the upper surface 181 contacts the pressing section 173. The press section 173, the recessed portion 192, and the upper surface 181 form three sets of faces that abut each other and are held in face contact with each other. As the driven plate 1541 moves, the ears 18 are forced into the recessed portions 192 with their upper surfaces 181 in face contact with the hold-down segment 173. The connecting segments 172 are deformed in tension, the tension resulting from the friction of the mounting portion 19 with the upper surface 181. The pressing section 173 and the connecting section 172 are held in close contact with the ear portion 18.
The protruding section 175 is interfered by the protrusion 183, and the protruding section 175 is at least partially disposed on the protrusion 183. The driven disk 1541 has a pressing surface 185 at a lower end thereof, the pressing surface 185 and the protruding section 175 form a pressing gap 203 therebetween, and when the driven disk 1541 approaches the driving disk 1531, the pressing surface 185 contacts and presses the protruding section 175, so that the pressing gap 203 becomes smaller.
The ear portions 18 and the mounting portions 19 are disposed on the driving disk 1531 and the driven disk 1541 in a circular ring form.
The rotating assembly 21 comprises a base 22 and a fixed seat 23, the pushing assembly 16 is mounted on the base 22, the base 22 is provided with a supporting seat 13, and the first pipeline 152 and the second pipeline 154 are arranged in the middle of the supporting seat 13 and can slide in the supporting seat.
The base 22 is installed on the fixed base 23 through a rotary base 26, a guide wheel 27 is arranged in the middle of the rotary base 26, an internal gear 28 is arranged on the fixed base 23, and the guide wheel 27 is in contact with the outer wall of the internal gear 28. The base 22 is provided with a second motor 24 and a speed reducer 25, the second motor 24 is connected with the speed reducer 25, and the lower end of the speed reducer 25 is provided with a gear (not shown in the figure) which is engaged with the internal gear 28. The rotation of the second motor 24 causes the gear to rotate on the internal gear 28, which drives the base 22 to rotate and adjust the angle.
When it is desired to clean the first and second pipes 152 and 154, the first and second pipes 152 and 154 are disconnected from the milling tank 10 and the leaching tank 11, rotated by the rotating unit 21, and then extended into the first and second pipes 152 and 154 through the high pressure water pipe to clean them.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and these should be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing nutrient powder by extracting saponin from Chinese yam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
crushing: pulverizing rhizoma Dioscoreae, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve;
leaching: extracting with methanol and/or water for 10-24 hr twice with 3-5 times of solvent;
and (3) filtering: concentrating the filtrate with rotary evaporator at 30-50 deg.C to obtain extract;
and (3) extraction: suspending the extract in 200-300ml distilled water, and extracting the water layer after the degreasing extraction with anhydrous ether for 2-3 times with n-butanol saturated water solution;
flocculation: taking the extract, adding a flocculating agent accounting for 20% of the volume of the extract while stirring, then placing the extract in a water bath at 45 ℃ for flocculation for 5 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
concentration: collecting water saturated n-butanol extractive solution, concentrating in a rotary evaporator at 40-50 deg.C to obtain extract;
and (3) crystallization: dissolving the above extract with hot methanol to saturation state, and standing in 0-4 deg.C refrigerator for 3 days to obtain milk white crystal;
and (3) elution: eluting with 2-5 times of distilled water, and eluting with ethanol solution;
and (3) recovering: collecting 70% ethanol eluate, heating and concentrating in a rotary evaporator, and freeze drying to obtain milky amorphous powder containing rhizoma Dioscoreae saponin as main ingredient.
2. The method for preparing nutritional powder by extracting saponin from yam according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the flocculating agent consists of 1% of alginic acid steel, 1% of polyaluminium, 1% of diatomite, 1% of anionic polyacrylamide, 1% of cationic polyacrylamide, 1% of nonionic acrylamide and 1% of chitosan.
3. The method for preparing nutritional powder by extracting saponins from yam according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: eluting with 20% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and anhydrous ethanol.
4. A system for preparing nutrient powder by extracting saponin from Chinese yam is characterized by comprising the following equipment:
a crushing tank for crushing the yam to obtain yam mucilage;
the methanol and/or water is cooled and introduced into the leaching kettle to obtain filtrate;
the first rotary evaporator is used for concentrating to obtain an extract;
extracting the extract mixed water layer in an extraction kettle by using n-butyl alcohol saturated water solution to obtain extract liquor;
a flocculation tank: flocculating the extract in a flocculation tank for 5h, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
a second rotary evaporator for second concentration to obtain extract;
a crystallizing tank, dissolving the extract with hot methanol, and obtaining milky white crystals in the crystallizing tank;
an elution tank, wherein the elution tank sequentially adopts distilled water elution and ethanol solution elution to obtain an eluent;
Recovering the eluate in a recovering tank, heating and concentrating, and freeze drying to obtain milky amorphous powder.
5. The system for preparing nutritional powder by extracting saponin from yam according to claim 4, further comprising a switching mechanism connected at least between the pulverization tank and the leaching kettle,
the switching mechanism consists of a first pipeline, a second pipeline, a sealing assembly, a pushing assembly and a rotating assembly, wherein the sealing assembly keeps the distance between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, the pushing assembly and the rotating assembly jointly limit the working state, the contraction state and the cleaning state of the first pipeline and the second pipeline,
in the working state, the distance of the joint of the first pipeline and the second pipeline is kept to be maximum,
in the contracted state, the distance at the junction of the first and second conduits is kept to a minimum,
in the cleaning state, the first pipeline and the second pipeline are in back-and-forth switching between a working state and a contraction state.
6. The system for preparing nutritional powder from yam saponin extracts as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rotating assembly is provided with a base, the first and second pipelines are mounted on the base through a supporting seat, the sealing assembly is mounted on the first pipeline, the second pipeline is provided with a sealing sleeve, one end of the sealing sleeve is sleeved on the second pipeline, and the other end of the sealing sleeve is connected with the sealing assembly.
7. The system for preparing nutritional powder by extracting saponin from yam according to claim 6, wherein the sealing assembly further comprises a locking part and a fixing plate, the locking part is installed at both sides of the fixing plate, the locking part has a fixing member and a hydraulic press therein, the hydraulic press is located at both ends of the fixing member, the sealing assembly has a driving disc and a driven disc therein, and a plurality of balls are arranged between the hydraulic press and the driven disc.
8. The system for preparing nutritional powder by extracting saponin from Chinese yam according to claim 5, wherein the pushing assembly comprises a first motor, a mounting seat, a fixed seat, a hinged seat, a first hinged rod and a second hinged rod, the fixed seat and the hinged seat are hinged in the middle of the mounting seat, the first motor is provided with a screw rod, the screw rod is provided with a threaded sleeve, the threaded sleeve is hinged on the hinged seat, one end of the first hinged rod and one end of the second hinged rod are hinged on the hinged seat, the other end of the first hinged rod is hinged on the first pipeline, and the other end of the second hinged rod is hinged on the second pipeline.
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