CN114513124A - Voltage boosting circuit - Google Patents

Voltage boosting circuit Download PDF

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CN114513124A
CN114513124A CN202111061420.7A CN202111061420A CN114513124A CN 114513124 A CN114513124 A CN 114513124A CN 202111061420 A CN202111061420 A CN 202111061420A CN 114513124 A CN114513124 A CN 114513124A
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switching tube
tube
switching
booster circuit
capacitor
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何勇吉
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Joulwatt Technology Co Ltd
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Joulwatt Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a booster circuit, which is based on an input inductor, a flying capacitor and a booster capacitor, wherein the first end of the input inductor is connected with an input power supply; the flying capacitor is connected with the second end of the input inductor; the boost capacitor is connected with the flying capacitor and the input inductor through a switching tube; the voltage of the input power supply is boosted by controlling the charging and discharging of the input inductor, the flying capacitor and the boosting capacitor. The boost circuit has the advantages of small conduction loss and high boost efficiency.

Description

Voltage boosting circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power electronics, in particular to a booster circuit.
Background
The boost circuit topology is simple, control is simple, is widely used to photovoltaic inverter's DC/DC side, and to low pressure system, two level boost circuit can satisfy withstand voltage requirement, however, to higher input voltage, because general power tube is low voltage device mostly in the market, and the high voltage device price is several times of low voltage device, two level boost circuit has been difficult to satisfy withstand voltage requirement.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional three-level boost circuit with an input voltage of VINOutput voltage of VOUTIn a first time period t1, the switching tubes S1 and S2 are turned on, and the inductor L is charged; in a second time period t2, the switching tubes S1 and S3 are turned on, and the inductor L discharges to the flying capacitor CFLY(ii) a In a third time period t3, the switching tubes S1 and S2 are turned on, and the inductor is charged; in a fourth time period t4, the switching tubes S2 and S4 are turned on, and the flying capacitor C is connectedFLYDischarging the load; wherein, t1 is t3, and t2 is t 4. Defining the equivalent duty cycle of the boost circuit
Figure BDA0003256744390000011
At steady state, flying capacitor voltageVFLY＝1/2*VOUTFormula (1) is obtained by inductive volt-second balance:
VIN·t1＝12·VOUT·t2i.e. by
Figure BDA0003256744390000012
V is obtained by balancing powerIN*IIN＝VIN*IL＝VOUT*IONamely, the formula (2):
Figure BDA0003256744390000013
from the working mode of the converter, it can be seen that when the switching tubes S1-S4 are conducted, the currents flowing through the tubes are all inductive currents ILAssuming that the on-state resistance of each switching tube is R, the conduction loss of each switching tube is represented by formula (3):
Figure BDA0003256744390000021
Figure BDA0003256744390000022
Figure BDA0003256744390000023
Figure BDA0003256744390000024
the total conduction loss of the four switching tubes is represented by formula (4):
Figure BDA0003256744390000025
if the flying capacitor shown in fig. 1 is not present and the two serially connected switching tubes in fig. 1 are equivalent to a switching tube with twice the stress, it becomes a conventional boost circuit, and the conduction loss thereof is consistent with that of the three-level boost circuit shown in fig. 1, and it is not reversed here in detail.
Therefore, when the conduction loss requirement of the boost circuit is high, the conduction loss of the existing three-level boost circuit and the traditional boost circuit is possibly large, and particularly under the condition of large duty ratio, the requirement of low and medium conduction loss in application cannot be met. In addition, the flying capacitor of the existing three-level booster circuit needs to be precharged before boosting operation, which increases the complexity of control logic.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a boosting circuit with low conduction loss and a boosting method, and solves the problem of high conduction loss in the prior art.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a control method for a switching circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: a voltage boost circuit connected to an input power source to convert an input voltage to an output voltage for supply to a load, the voltage boost circuit comprising:
the first end of the input inductor is connected with the input power supply;
the first end of the flying capacitor is connected with the second end of the input inductor;
the first end of the first switch tube is connected with the second end of the input inductor, and the second end of the first switch tube is grounded;
a first end of the second switch tube is connected with a second end of the input inductor, a second end of the second switch tube is connected with a first end of the boost capacitor, and a second end of the boost capacitor is grounded;
a third switching tube, a first end of which is connected with the second end of the second switching tube, and a second end of which is connected with the second end of the flying capacitor;
a first end of the fourth switching tube is connected with the common connection end of the third switching tube and the flying capacitor, and a second end of the fourth switching tube is connected with a load;
and the control circuit controls the charging and discharging of the input inductor, the flying capacitor and the boosting capacitor based on an output voltage feedback signal and an inductor current sampling signal so as to obtain the expected output voltage.
Optionally, in the first working phase, the input inductor is charged, and the boost capacitor discharges to the flying capacitor; in the second working phase, the input inductor discharges to the boost capacitor, and the flying capacitor discharges to the ground
The load is discharged.
Optionally, in the third operating phase, the current flowing through the input inductor is zero.
Optionally, the control circuit comprises a control unit,
an error circuit receiving the output voltage feedback signal and a reference voltage signal to obtain an error signal;
and the logic circuit is used for generating a switching signal according to the error signal and controlling the switching states of the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube.
Optionally, in the first working stage, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, and the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are turned off; in the second working stage, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are switched on, and the first switching tube and the third switching tube are switched off.
Optionally, at the beginning of each switching period, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on according to a clock signal.
Optionally, when an inductive current sampling signal representing the inductive current reaches a preset peak threshold, the control circuit controls the first switching tube and the third switching tube to be turned off, and controls the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube to be turned on.
Optionally, a ratio of the output voltage of the voltage boosting circuit to the input voltage is equal to 2/(1-D), where D is a duty ratio of the first switching tube.
Optionally, when the first working stage is switched to the second working stage, the third switching tube is turned off first, and the first switching tube is turned off later; and then, the fourth switch tube is firstly conducted, the second switch tube is then conducted, and the booster circuit enters a second working stage.
Optionally, when the second working phase is switched to the first working phase, the second switching tube is turned off first, and the fourth switching tube is turned off later; and then, the first switch tube is firstly conducted, the third switch tube is then conducted, and the booster circuit enters a first working stage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: based on an input inductor, a flying capacitor and a boost capacitor, the first end of the input inductor is connected with an input power supply; the flying capacitor is connected with the second end of the input inductor; the boost capacitor is connected with the flying capacitor and the input inductor through a switching tube; the voltage of the input power supply is boosted by controlling the charging and discharging of the input inductor, the flying capacitor and the boosting capacitor. The invention has small conduction loss, and can avoid the additional discharge of the flying capacitor, reduce the power loss and improve the circuit efficiency by optimizing the switching time sequence of each switching tube.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional three-level boost circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a boost topology of the boost circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a boost circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram illustrating the operation of the boost circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to only these embodiments. The invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
The invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale for the purpose of facilitating and clearly explaining the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, a schematic diagram of a boost topology of the boost circuit of the present invention is shown, including an input capacitor CINInput inductor L and flying capacitor CFLYAnd a boost capacitor CBOOSTA first switch tube S1 to a fourth switch tube S4, an output capacitor COUTAnd a load RLOADInput capacitance CINConnected in parallel to an input power supply VINTwo ends, the first end of the input inductor L is connected with an input power supply VINThe other end is connected with a flying capacitor CFLYThe first ends of the first switch tube S1 and the second switch tube S2 are connected with the input inductor L and the flying capacitor CFLYA common connection terminal of (a); the second end of the first switch tube S1 is grounded, and the second end of the second switch tube S2 is connected with the boost capacitor CBOOSTFirst terminal, boost capacitor CBOOSTThe second end is grounded; the first end of the third switching tube S3 is connected with a boost capacitor CBOOSTThe first end and the second end of the third switching tube S3 are connected with a flying capacitor CFLYA second end; the first end of the fourth switching tube S4 is connected with the flying capacitor CFLYThe second end of the fourth switch tube S4 is connected with the output capacitor COUTAnd a load RLOAD。
When the booster circuit works in CCM (continuous conduction mode), the booster circuit comprises two working stages: in the first working stage, the switching tubes S1 and S3 are switched on, and the switching tubes S2 and S4 are switched off; in the second operation stage, the switching tubes S1 and S3 are turned off, and the switching tubes S2 and S4 are turned on. When the DCM (discontinuous conduction mode) is operated, the third operation phase is included, and the switching tubes S1, S2, S3 and S4 are turned off.
When the boost circuit works in CCM and the first working phase is switched to the second working phase, the switching action time sequence of each switching tube sequentially comprises the following steps: the switching tube S3 is turned off, the switching tube S1 is turned off, the switching tube S4 is turned on, and the switching tube S2 is turned on; when the second working stage is switched to the first working stage, the switch action time sequence of each switch tube is as follows: the switch tube S2 is turned off, the switch tube S4 is turned off, the switch tube S1 is turned on, and the switch tube S3 is turned on.
When the boost circuit works in DCM and the first working stage is switched to the second working stage, the switching action time sequence of each switching tube is as follows in sequence: the switching tube S3 is turned off, the switching tube S1 is turned off, the switching tube S4 is turned on, and the switching tube S2 is turned on; when the second working stage is switched to the third working stage, the switching tubes S2 and S4 are simultaneously turned off; when the third working stage is switched to the first working stage, the switch tube S1 is turned on first, and the switch tube S3 is turned on later.
The invention has the advantages of optimizing the switch time sequence: avoiding flying capacitor C in each working phase switching processFLYExtra discharge reduces power loss and improves circuit efficiency.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a boost circuit of the present invention, with a control circuit controlling the boost topology of the present invention, the control circuit including an error circuit and a logic circuit, the error circuit receiving the output voltage feedback signal and a reference voltage signal to obtain an error signal; and the logic circuit generates a switching signal according to the error signal and the inductive current sampling signal CS to control the switching states of the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube.
The invention takes a CCM working mode as an example, and the specific control principle is as follows: in one of the switching periods Ts,
first working phase TONSwitching tubes S1 and S3 are turned on, switching tubes S2 and S4 are turned off, input inductor L is charged, inductor current iL rises, and boost capacitor CBOOSTFlying capacitor CFLYDischarging, output capacitance COUTDischarging to a load to provide a load current;
a second working phase TOFFThe switching tubes S1 and S3 are turned off, the switching tubes S2 and S4 are turned on, and the input inductor L discharges to the boost capacitor CBOOSTInductor current iL decreases, flying capacitor CFLYDischarge to the output capacitor COUTAnd a load RLOAD。
At steady state, the boost capacitor CBOOSTA capacitor voltage of
Figure BDA0003256744390000081
According to electricityThe sensitivity-second balance can be obtained
Figure BDA0003256744390000082
Further available formula
Figure BDA0003256744390000083
Wherein,
Figure BDA0003256744390000084
is the duty cycle of the switching tubes S1, S3. It can be seen from the formula (6) that, under the condition of the same duty ratio, the Boost ratio of the Boost circuit of the invention is twice that of the traditional Boost circuit, that is, under the condition of the same input voltage, the output voltage of the Boost circuit of the invention is twice that of the traditional Boost circuit, thus, under the condition that the traditional Boost circuit needs to achieve the same output voltage of the Boost circuit of the invention, the stress of the switching tube can be doubled.
During the conduction period of each switch tube, the average current flowing through each switch tube is assumed to be IS1-IS4When the switch tubes S1 and S3 are turned on, the flying capacitor CFLYThe charge is of formula (7): qFLY_C＝IS3·TON(ii) a When the switch tubes S2 and S4 are turned on, the flying capacitor CFLYThe discharge charge is of formula (8): qFLY_D＝IS4·TOFF(ii) a During a steady-state switching period, flows through the output capacitor COUTIs 0, the average current flowing through the fourth switching tube S4 is equal to the output average current IONamely, the formula (9):
Figure BDA0003256744390000091
flying capacitor C in a steady-state switching cycleOf FLYThe charges charged and discharged are equal, and the united type (7), (8) and (9) can obtain a formula (10): i isS3·TON＝IS4·TOFF＝IO·TS(ii) a The duty ratio of the switching tubes S1 and S3 is set to D, and the combined type (9) and (10) can obtain the formula (11))、(12)：
Figure BDA0003256744390000092
When the switch tubes S1 and S3 are conducted, the boost capacitor CBOOSTThe discharge charge is of formula (13): qBOOST_C＝IS3·TON(ii) a When the switch tubes S2 and S4 are conducted, the boost capacitor CBOOSTThe charge is of formula (14): qBOOST_D＝IS2·TOFF(ii) a A boost capacitor C in a steady-state switching periodBOOSTThe charge and discharge charges of (a) are equal to each other, and formula (15):
Figure BDA0003256744390000093
from the conservation of power, equation (16) is approximated: vOUT·IO＝VIN·IIN＝VIN·IL(ii) a Formula (17) can be obtained by substituting formula (6) for formula (16):
Figure BDA0003256744390000094
when the first switch tube S1 is turned on, a current I flows through the first switch tube S1S1For the inductive current ILAnd a current I flowing through the third switching tube S3S3And, formula (18):
Figure BDA0003256744390000095
assuming that the on-resistance of each switching tube is R, the conduction loss of each switching tube can be obtained from equations (18), (15), (12) and (11) as equation (19):
Figure BDA0003256744390000101
the total conduction loss of each switching tube is represented by formula (20):
Figure BDA0003256744390000102
in one embodiment, the duty ratio of the booster circuit is equal under the condition of the same input and output voltageD is the same as the boost circuit duty ratio D in the background art, and comparing expression (20) of the present invention with expression (4) in the background art, expression (21) can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003256744390000103
as can be seen from equation (21), when D is 1/3, k is 1, and the conduction loss of the background art and the present invention is consistent. However, as the duty ratio D increases, the ratio k becomes smaller, and the conduction loss advantage of the boost circuit of the present invention is more obvious than the conduction loss advantage of the prior art, and the requirement for low conduction loss can be more satisfied. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the larger the duty cycle, the larger the boost circuit energy transfer, and that in most practical applications, the larger duty cycle (D) is used>1/3) to perform boost control.
In addition, compared with a three-level booster circuit in the prior art, the flying capacitor of the booster circuit does not need to be precharged, and the control difficulty is reduced. When the booster circuit is applied to a lighting system, the booster circuit is very suitable for being used in a backlight illumination field, the control logic is simple, and the conduction loss is small.
As shown in fig. 4, which illustrates a control mode diagram of the boost circuit of the present invention, the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S3 use the same control signal and are turned on and off simultaneously; when the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S3 are conducted, the inductor of the booster circuit stores energy, and the inductor current iL rises; when the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S3 are turned off, the inductor of the booster circuit releases energy, and the inductor current iL is reduced; the switching tube S2 and the switching tube S4 are conducted complementarily with the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2, so that the control logic of the invention is simple and easy to realize.
Although the embodiments have been described and illustrated separately, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that some common techniques may be substituted and integrated between the embodiments, and reference may be made to one of the embodiments not explicitly described, or to another embodiment described.
The above-described embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the above-described embodiments should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution.

Claims (10)

1. A voltage boosting circuit connected to an input power supply to convert an input voltage into an output voltage to be supplied to a load, comprising:
the first end of the input inductor is connected with the input power supply;
the first end of the flying capacitor is connected with the second end of the input inductor;
the first end of the first switch tube is connected with the second end of the input inductor, and the second end of the first switch tube is grounded;
a first end of the second switch tube is connected with a second end of the input inductor, a second end of the second switch tube is connected with a first end of the boost capacitor, and a second end of the boost capacitor is grounded;
a third switching tube, a first end of which is connected with the second end of the second switching tube, and a second end of which is connected with the second end of the flying capacitor;
a first end of the fourth switching tube is connected with the common connection end of the third switching tube and the flying capacitor, and a second end of the fourth switching tube is connected with a load;
and the control circuit controls the charging and discharging of the input inductor, the flying capacitor and the boosting capacitor based on an output voltage feedback signal and an inductor current sampling signal so as to obtain the expected output voltage.
2. The booster circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the first working stage, the input inductor is charged, and the boost capacitor discharges to the flying capacitor;
in the second working phase, the input inductor discharges to the boost capacitor, and the flying capacitor discharges to the load.
3. A booster circuit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: and in the third working phase, the current flowing through the input inductor is zero.
4. The booster circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control circuit comprises a control circuit and a control circuit,
an error circuit receiving the output voltage feedback signal and a reference voltage signal to obtain an error signal;
and the logic circuit is used for generating a switching signal according to the error signal and controlling the switching states of the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube.
5. The booster circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the first working stage, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are switched on, and the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are switched off; in the second working stage, the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube are switched on, and the first switching tube and the third switching tube are switched off.
6. The booster circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: at the beginning of each switching period, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are switched on according to a clock signal.
7. The booster circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: when an inductive current sampling signal representing inductive current reaches a preset peak value threshold value, the control circuit controls the first switching tube and the third switching tube to be switched off, and controls the second switching tube and the fourth switching tube to be switched on.
8. The booster circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of the output voltage of the booster circuit to the input voltage is equal to 2/(1-D), wherein D is the duty ratio of the first switching tube.
9. The booster circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the first working stage is switched to the second working stage, the third switching tube is turned off first, and the first switching tube is turned off later; and then, the fourth switch tube is firstly conducted, the second switch tube is then conducted, and the booster circuit enters a second working stage.
10. The booster circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the second working stage is switched to the first working stage, the second switching tube is turned off firstly, and the fourth switching tube is turned off later; and then, the first switch tube is firstly conducted, the third switch tube is then conducted, and the booster circuit enters a first working stage.
CN202111061420.7A 2021-09-10 2021-09-10 Voltage boosting circuit Pending CN114513124A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111061420.7A CN114513124A (en) 2021-09-10 2021-09-10 Voltage boosting circuit

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111061420.7A CN114513124A (en) 2021-09-10 2021-09-10 Voltage boosting circuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114513124A true CN114513124A (en) 2022-05-17

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