CN114512786A - Antenna arrangement method and radar for improving angular resolution - Google Patents

Antenna arrangement method and radar for improving angular resolution Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114512786A
CN114512786A CN202210122943.6A CN202210122943A CN114512786A CN 114512786 A CN114512786 A CN 114512786A CN 202210122943 A CN202210122943 A CN 202210122943A CN 114512786 A CN114512786 A CN 114512786A
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antenna
wiring substrate
determining
angular resolution
antenna wiring
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阮洪宁
叶秀美
西格弗雷德·博龙
黄震
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Huizhou Desay SV Intelligent Transport Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Huizhou Desay SV Intelligent Transport Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/42—Diversity systems specially adapted for radar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to an antenna arrangement method and a radar for improving angular resolution, which are applied to an MIMO radar, wherein the method comprises the following steps: setting the size of an antenna wiring substrate, and determining the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas; determining a maximized virtual aperture according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table; and the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas are distributed on the antenna wiring substrate in a two-dimensional manner along the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. The beneficial effect of this application is: the utility model provides a novel virtual array antenna layout mode, under the restriction that does not increase the antenna number, not only break through original one-dimensional angle resolution, realized level and perpendicular two-dimensional angle resolution, improved angle resolution moreover greatly.

Description

Antenna arrangement method and radar for improving angular resolution
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of automotive electronics, in particular to an antenna arrangement method and a radar for improving angular resolution.
Background
As autodrive continues to move in the direction of L3-L4, two disadvantages of the conventional millimeter wave radar limit its important role in autodrive. One is the low horizontal angular resolution, which makes it difficult for the radar to distinguish between two or more targets that are co-distant and co-rapid and are not in the same azimuth. And secondly, the height information of the target cannot be obtained due to lack of the sensing capability of vertical height measurement, so that accurate judgment is difficult to be made on whether the detected target needs to be braked or can pass by driving.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of low horizontal angular resolution and lack of vertical height measurement sensing capability in the prior art, the application provides an antenna arrangement method and a radar for improving the angular resolution.
An antenna arrangement method for improving angular resolution, applied to a MIMO radar, comprising the steps of:
setting the size of an antenna wiring substrate, and determining the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas;
determining a maximized virtual aperture according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table;
and the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas are distributed on the antenna wiring substrate in a two-dimensional manner along the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
Optionally, the determining the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas includes:
the number of the transmitting antennas is 3, and the number of the receiving antennas is 4.
Optionally, the setting of the size of the antenna wiring substrate includes:
the maximum horizontal dimension of the antenna wiring board is set to Δ L and the maximum vertical dimension is set to Δ H.
Optionally, in the antenna aperture and angular resolution relationship table, the antenna aperture and angular resolution are in an inverse relationship.
Optionally, the determining a maximized virtual aperture according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture, and the angular resolution relation table includes:
according toThe antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and angular resolution relation table, and the horizontal resolution of the virtual aperture
Figure BDA0003499181880000021
A vertical resolution of
Figure BDA0003499181880000022
Where λ is the carrier wavelength.
Optionally, the two-dimensionally distributing the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate along a horizontal direction or a vertical direction includes:
distributing the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna on the upper part of the antenna wiring substrate and the lower part of the antenna wiring substrate along the vertical direction respectively;
determining the array element spacing of a plurality of transmitting antennas on the antenna wiring substrate;
and determining the array element spacing of the plurality of receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate.
Optionally, the determining an array element spacing of the plurality of transmitting antennas on the antenna wiring substrate includes:
and the plurality of transmitting antennas are distributed at equal intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
Optionally, the determining an array element pitch of the plurality of receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate includes:
and the plurality of receiving antennas are distributed at equal intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
Optionally, the determining an array element pitch of the plurality of receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate includes:
and distributing the distances of the plurality of receiving antennas in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction according to a minimum redundancy algorithm.
In addition, the application also discloses a radar which is characterized by comprising the antenna arrangement method for improving the angular resolution.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: the utility model provides a novel virtual array antenna layout mode, under the restriction that does not increase the antenna number, not only break through original one-dimensional angle resolution, realized level and perpendicular two-dimensional angle resolution, improved angle resolution moreover greatly. In addition, the selection method of the spacing between the array elements effectively controls grating lobes/side lobes, reduces the influence of angle blurring, and reduces the pressure of later-stage algorithms.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an antenna aperture and an angular resolution according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna layout according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a first schematic diagram of a virtual array according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a virtual array according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal beam diagram of a virtual array diagram ii according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a horizontal resolution diagram of a virtual array diagram ii according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a vertical beam diagram of a virtual array diagram ii according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a third schematic diagram of a virtual array according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 10 is a horizontal beam diagram of a virtual array diagram of a third embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 11 is a horizontal resolution diagram of a virtual array diagram iii according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 12 is a vertical beam diagram of a virtual array diagram of a third embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described with reference to the following detailed description.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present application correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, if any, are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings only for the convenience of describing the present application and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
Furthermore, if the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only, they are used for mainly distinguishing different devices, elements or components (the specific types and configurations may be the same or different), and they are not used for indicating or implying relative importance or quantity among the devices, elements or components, but are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the case of the example 1, the following examples are given,
in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the present application provides an antenna arrangement method for improving angular resolution, which is applied in MIMO radar, and the method includes the following steps:
100, setting the size of an antenna wiring substrate, and determining the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas; in step 100, determining the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas may include: the number of transmitting antennas is 3, and the number of receiving antennas is 4. Setting the size of the antenna wiring substrate may include: the maximum horizontal dimension of the antenna wiring board is set to Δ L and the maximum vertical dimension is set to Δ H.
200, determining a maximized virtual aperture according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table; in step 200, in the antenna aperture and angular resolution relation table, the antenna aperture and angular resolution are in an inverse proportion relation; see fig. 2. Determining a maximized virtual aperture according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table, including: according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table, the horizontal resolution of the virtual aperture
Figure BDA0003499181880000031
A vertical resolution of
Figure BDA0003499181880000032
Where λ is the carrier wavelength.
The transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas are two-dimensionally distributed in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction on the antenna wiring substrate 300. In step 300, two-dimensionally distributing the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction, the method includes: respectively distributing a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna on the upper part of an antenna wiring substrate and the lower part of the antenna wiring substrate along the vertical direction; determining the array element spacing of a plurality of transmitting antennas on an antenna wiring substrate; and determining the array element spacing of the plurality of receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate.
In this embodiment, the transmitting and receiving antennas are arranged at two spatial positions, horizontal and vertical, to achieve vertical resolution, and increasing the antenna aperture can improve the angular resolution. However the size of the antenna aperture is limited by the radar size and cannot be increased indefinitely. For example, in a vehicle radar, whether a front radar or an angle radar, it is generally installed behind a emblem or behind a bumper in consideration of aesthetic factors. By taking the size of the vehicle-mounted radar products on the current market as reference, the length and the width of the vehicle-mounted radar products are all about 6-7 centimeters. In addition, the number of transmit and receive antennas is also limited by the radar chip selected. At present, a single chip is mostly 3-transmission 4-reception chips, and only a few companies provide customized 4-transmission 4-reception chips. For a single-chip radar scheme, although the virtual aperture of the antenna can be increased to a certain extent by the mimo technology, if a half-wavelength uniform linear array method is still used, even if the antenna is used in one direction, such as a horizontal direction, the resolution of about 9 degrees can be achieved. Unlike cascaded radars that use multiple chips, with a greater number of transmit and receive antennas, there are more schemes to achieve high resolution. Therefore, in the case of a very limited number of transmitting and receiving antennas, a sparse array method is required to increase the antenna aperture. In addition, due to the fact that the sparse array is formed by the fact that the distances between each pair of array elements are unequal in addition to the increase of the distances between the array elements, grating lobes or side lobes close to the amplitude of the main lobe are generated, and therefore the angle of the target is fuzzy between the main grating lobes. Therefore, the antenna array layout not only considers the aim of achieving the angular resolution, but also can not ignore the influence of grating lobe sidelobes, otherwise, a later signal processing part needs to assist a special grating lobe suppression algorithm. The utility model provides a novel virtual array antenna layout mode, under the restriction that does not increase the antenna number, not only break through original one-dimensional angle resolution, realized level and perpendicular two-dimensional angle resolution, improved angle resolution moreover greatly. In addition, the selection method of the spacing between the array elements effectively controls grating lobes/side lobes, reduces the influence of angle blurring, and reduces the pressure of later-stage algorithms.
In the case of the example 2, the following examples are given,
in some embodiments, the number of transmit antennas may be N while maintaining the number of antenna elementstxThe number of receiving antennas is Nrx. Under the condition that the sizes (delta L, delta H) of the antenna array are unchanged, the spacing of the array elements is increased, and the length and the width which can be occupied by the array elements are utilized to the maximum, so that the aim that the resolution in the horizontal direction and the pitching direction reaches or approaches to the optimal under the constraint condition is fulfilled. First, in the two-dimensional space where the transmit and receive antennas can be distributed, only the full occupation of (Δ L, Δ H) is the first step to achieve the best angular resolution — the physical aperture maximization. In conjunction with MIMO technology, the optimal upper limits of horizontal and elevation resolution for a given antenna constellation size are reached by extending the physical aperture to and maximizing the virtual aperture. The arrangement method provided by the application avoids the situation described above. Here, the layout method of the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas in the spatial positions in this scheme is described by using fig. four as an example. The transmission and reception antennas are distributed on the diagonal as shown in fig. 3, and the virtual array thereof is as shown in fig. 4, so that the maximum space (al, ah) can be occupied in the horizontal and elevation directions. According to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table, determining a maximized virtual aperture, includes: according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table, the horizontal resolution of the virtual aperture
Figure BDA0003499181880000051
A vertical resolution of
Figure BDA0003499181880000052
Where λ is the carrier wavelength.
In the case of the example 3, the following examples are given,
in some embodiments, when the virtual aperture of the antenna element in the horizontal and the pitch is determined, N is required to be determinedtxA transmitting unit and NrxThe receiving units are divided in the horizontal and pitch space (Δ L, Δ H), i.e. determined
Figure BDA0003499181880000053
And
Figure BDA0003499181880000054
wherein m and n are two adjacent transmitting array elements; and determining
Figure BDA0003499181880000055
And
Figure BDA0003499181880000056
wherein, i and j are two adjacent receiving array elements. One criterion for determining the spacing of the array elements is to try to make the projections of most virtual array elements in the horizontal and vertical orientations not have the same position, as shown in figure 3. This is because to achieve finer angular resolution, the finite array elements must be spaced more than half a wavelength apart from each other to increase the virtual air crash estimate, and thus the entire array pattern becomes a sparse array. When the positions of most or all array elements in the horizontal or vertical direction are not overlapped, the sparsity in the direction is reduced to a certain extent, and the influence of grating lobes is favorably inhibited. I.e. near N in the horizontal or vertical directiontx×NrxThe virtual array elements are used for estimating the angle. In addition, different strategies can be provided for selecting the array element spacing. In this embodiment, the two-dimensional distribution of the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction on the antenna wiring substrate includes: respectively distributing a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna on the upper part of an antenna wiring substrate and the lower part of the antenna wiring substrate along the vertical direction; determiningThe array element spacing of the plurality of transmitting antennas on the antenna wiring substrate; and determining the array element spacing of the plurality of receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate. The utility model provides a novel virtual array antenna layout mode, under the restriction that does not increase the antenna number, not only break through original one-dimensional angle resolution, realized level and perpendicular two-dimensional angle resolution, improved angle resolution moreover greatly. In addition, the selection method of the spacing between the array elements effectively controls grating lobes/side lobes, reduces the influence of angle blurring, and reduces the pressure of later-stage algorithms.
In an implementation manner of the foregoing embodiment, determining an array element pitch of a plurality of transmitting antennas on an antenna wiring substrate includes: the plurality of transmitting antennas are distributed at equal intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Determining the array element spacing of a plurality of receiving antennas on an antenna wiring substrate, comprising: the plurality of receiving antennas are distributed at equal intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. In the present embodiment, the virtual array element of the present application is shown in fig. 5, and the spacing of the receiving array element in the horizontal and pitch directions refers to the principle of the minimum redundant array, in order to suppress the amplitude of the grating lobe in the horizontal and pitch directions. In this example, it can be seen that the amplitude difference between the main lobe and the grating lobe in the horizontal direction in fig. 6 is approximately 7dB, and the amplitude difference between the main lobe and the grating lobe in the pitch direction in fig. 6 is approximately 10 dB. From fig. 7 and 8, it can be seen that the layout of the antenna array achieves a horizontal and pitch resolution of approximately 2 degrees.
In an implementation manner of the foregoing embodiment, determining an array element pitch of a plurality of transmitting antennas on an antenna wiring substrate includes: the plurality of transmitting antennas are distributed at equal intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Determining the array element spacing of a plurality of receiving antennas on an antenna wiring substrate, comprising: and distributing the distances of the plurality of receiving antennas in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction according to a minimum redundancy algorithm. In this embodiment, the transmitting antennas are equally spaced on the diagonal lines, and the receiving antennas are also equally spaced on the diagonal lines. The virtual array element of the present application is shown in fig. 9. Referring to fig. 9-12, the arrangement method will generate grating lobes in the FOV, which have the same amplitude as the main lobe due to the equal spacing. The occurrence of the grating lobe can be suppressed by a corresponding method to solve the problem of angle ambiguity.
Under the antenna arrangement method and the standard provided by the application, under the conditions of the existing radar size and the fixed number of antennas, the virtual apertures of the radar and the fixed number of antennas reach the maximum in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the two-dimensional angular resolution of the radar is far superior to that of the traditional single-chip scheme at present. In addition, the method for determining the array element spacing provided by the application has a certain positive effect on the inhibition of grating lobes.
In the case of the example 4, the following examples are given,
the application also discloses a radar which is characterized by comprising the antenna arrangement method for improving the angular resolution. The layout method of the application is that under the condition that the number of the transmitting and receiving antennas is extremely limited and the size of the radar is fixed: the ability to achieve two-dimensional spatial angular resolution, approaching the upper limit of angular resolution; and a sparse array is adopted, and simultaneously, grating lobes/side lobes are effectively controlled, so that the influence of angle blurring is reduced, and the pressure of a later algorithm is relieved. The layout method of the application is very effective for the situation that the antenna resources are extremely limited. When more antenna resources are available, although the angular resolution is easy to realize, the layout method of the application can still help to save the computing resources required by the optimized arrangement. The utility model provides a novel virtual array antenna layout mode, under the restriction that does not increase the antenna number, not only break through original one-dimensional angle resolution, realized level and perpendicular two-dimensional angle resolution, improved angle resolution moreover greatly. In addition, the selection method of the spacing between the array elements effectively controls grating lobes/side lobes, reduces the influence of angle blurring, and reduces the pressure of later-stage algorithms.
It should be understood that the above examples of the present application are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. An antenna arrangement method for improving angular resolution, for use in a MIMO radar, comprising the steps of:
setting the size of an antenna wiring substrate, and determining the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas;
determining a maximized virtual aperture according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table;
and the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas are distributed on the antenna wiring substrate in a two-dimensional manner along the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas comprises:
the number of the transmitting antennas is 3, and the number of the receiving antennas is 4.
3. The antenna arranging method for improving angular resolution according to claim 1, wherein the setting of the size of the antenna wiring substrate includes:
the maximum horizontal dimension of the antenna wiring board is set to Δ L and the maximum vertical dimension is set to Δ H.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the antenna aperture is inversely related to the angular resolution in the antenna aperture and angular resolution relation table.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the determining a maximized virtual aperture according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table comprises:
according to the antenna wiring substrate, the antenna aperture and the angular resolution relation table,horizontal resolution of virtual aperture
Figure FDA0003499181870000011
A vertical resolution of
Figure FDA0003499181870000012
Where λ is the carrier wavelength.
6. The antenna arrangement method for improving angular resolution according to claim 5, wherein said two-dimensionally distributing the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction comprises:
distributing the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna on the upper part of the antenna wiring substrate and the lower part of the antenna wiring substrate along the vertical direction respectively;
determining the array element spacing of a plurality of transmitting antennas on the antenna wiring substrate;
and determining the array element spacing of the plurality of receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the determining the spacing between the plurality of transmitting antennas on the antenna wiring substrate comprises:
and the plurality of transmitting antennas are distributed at equal intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining the pitch of the plurality of receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate comprises:
and the plurality of receiving antennas are distributed at equal intervals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining the pitch of the plurality of receiving antennas on the antenna wiring substrate comprises:
and distributing the distances of the plurality of receiving antennas in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction according to a minimum redundancy algorithm.
10. A radar comprising a method of antenna arrangement for improving angular resolution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202210122943.6A 2022-02-09 2022-02-09 Antenna arrangement method and radar for improving angular resolution Pending CN114512786A (en)

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