CN114512384A - External hanging type cold cathode amplifier based on circular waveguide - Google Patents

External hanging type cold cathode amplifier based on circular waveguide Download PDF

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CN114512384A
CN114512384A CN202210080180.3A CN202210080180A CN114512384A CN 114512384 A CN114512384 A CN 114512384A CN 202210080180 A CN202210080180 A CN 202210080180A CN 114512384 A CN114512384 A CN 114512384A
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circular waveguide
frequency
cathode
signal
cold cathode
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CN114512384B (en
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袁学松
薛钦文
崔仲韬
鄢扬
李海龙
王彬
殷勇
蒙林
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/04—Cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/005—Cooling methods or arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of vacuum electronic devices, and particularly provides a circular waveguide-based cascadable cold cathode amplifier for solving the problems of frequency band expansion, power synthesis, signal amplification, interference resistance, integration and the like. The invention takes the circular waveguide as a support, an electronic optical system is hung outside the angular direction of the waveguide and generates annular electron beams, thereby realizing the separation of the electron beams and a signal field, and the high-frequency field works in a high-order mode, so that the interaction space can be enlarged, the power capacity can be improved, the mechanical difficulty can be reduced, and the precision can be improved; moreover, by cascading a plurality of units, power amplification and frequency band widening can be realized, and the working efficiency is improved. In conclusion, the whole device is more compact, miniaturized and easier to integrate by nesting the electronic optical system, the high-frequency structure, the collector and the like outside the circular waveguide; the vacuum device with excellent performance is provided for the application in the fields of electronic countermeasure, space communication and the like.

Description

External hanging type cold cathode amplifier based on circular waveguide
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vacuum electronic devices, relates to microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz wave band radiation source technology, and particularly provides a circular waveguide-based cascadable cold cathode amplifier.
Background
Since the end of the last century, the rapid development of semiconductor industry and integrated circuit technology, vacuum electronic devices have gradually lost their leading position in the field of considerable electronic information, and are being subjected to the impact of the development of solid-state electronic devices; however, new semiconductor devices are still not mature, and the solid-state power devices developed at present still have great disadvantages and limitations in terms of energy efficiency, operating frequency, maximum output power and reliability. Therefore, vacuum electronic devices are still indispensable core devices in advanced scientific and technical fields such as aerospace, military equipment and the like, are widely used, and are continuously updated and developed.
With the continuous development of microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band vacuum radiation sources in various fields, the requirements on output power and efficiency are continuously improved; under the limit requirements of high frequency, high power and wide frequency band, especially in the fields of military equipment, aerospace and the like, the vacuum electronic device is required to have the advantages of small volume, light weight, high power, long service life and the like.
Compared with conventional thermionic emission cathodes, field emission cold cathodes have their inherent advantages, such as: the advantages of low power consumption, greenhouse operation, high response speed, large current density, small size, high efficiency and the like make the field emission cold cathode hopeful to become an emission source of a new generation of high-power radiation source devices. However, the existing microwave, millimeter wave, terahertz and other waveband radiation source technologies still have a plurality of problems: 1) in view of the fact that the vacuum device works in a high-frequency wave band, the size of the wave injection interaction structure is small, and a low-order mode cannot be adopted, so that the problems of high machining difficulty and low precision can be caused; 2) for a single-stage amplifier, power amplification and a wider frequency band can be realized, but in the amplifier realized in a high frequency band at present, the output power level needs to be improved, and the output bandwidth is narrower and fixed; 3) for a device, an electronic optical system, a high-frequency structure, a collector and the like need to be designed independently, so that the whole device is large in size and not easy to integrate; 4) the traditional device adopts a hot cathode, an electron optical system is large in size, electron beams interact with a high-frequency structure inside the device, an electron channel is small, heat dissipation is not facilitated, and the working efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an externally-hung cold cathode amplifier based on a circular waveguide, which can realize axial cascade and effectively solve the problems of frequency band expansion, power synthesis, signal amplification, interference resistance, integration and the like. According to the invention, the hollow electron beam generated by the cold-cathode electron optical system which is embedded at the outer side of the circular waveguide in an angular manner and the input signal of the circular waveguide generate injection wave interaction at a high-frequency structure, so that the amplification of the signal is realized; in addition, by cascading a plurality of units of the invention, different voltages are applied to the cathode or the size of the high-frequency interaction space is changed, so that the method can be realized for signals with the same frequency, and the signals with a plurality of different frequencies in a broadband can be amplified; in addition, the invention utilizes the advantages of low power consumption and no temperature influence of cold cathode field-induced emission electron current, so that the wave injection interaction efficiency is improved; finally, the invention has compact structure and easy integration, and provides a vacuum device with excellent performance for the application in the fields of electronic countermeasure, space communication and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an externally hung cold cathode amplifier based on a circular waveguide comprises: the device comprises a circular waveguide 1, a cathode 2, an anode 3, an insulating support sleeve 4, a high-frequency outer sleeve 5, a collector 6 and a heat dissipation fin 7; the method is characterized in that:
a signal channel 1-1 is formed in the circular waveguide 1, two ends of the circular waveguide are respectively used as a signal input port 1-2 and a signal output port 1-3, and an input window and an output window are respectively assembled on the signal input port 1-2 and the signal output port 1-3;
the insulating support sleeve 4 comprises an insulating support plate 4-1 and an insulating support ring 4-2; the insulating support plate 4-1, the cathode 2, the insulating support ring 4-2, the anode 3, the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 and the collector 6 are sequentially connected and are jointly welded on the outer wall of the circular waveguide 1 in an embedded mode, and a vacuum sealing space is formed by matching a signal input window and a signal output window;
the outer wall of the cathode 2 is cylindrical, the inner wall of the cathode 2 is bowl-shaped, and an annular cold cathode emitter 2-1 is arranged at the center of the inner wall; the anode 3 is cylindrical, and a rounded bulge and a matched circular waveguide 1 are arranged on one side corresponding to the cathode 2 to form a bunching electric field;
the inner wall of the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 is provided with N annular grooves 5-1, and the N annular grooves 5-1 are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the circular waveguide to form a comb shape; a coupling hole array 1-4 is arranged at the position of the circular waveguide 1 corresponding to the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 to form a high-frequency wave injection interaction space;
the heat dissipation fins 7 are arranged outside the collector 6 and arranged along the angular direction of the circular waveguide 1.
Furthermore, the coupling holes in the coupling hole arrays 1 to 4 are arranged in a matrix, the number of the coupling holes in the axial direction of the circular waveguide is N, the number of the coupling holes in the angular direction is M, and the radian of each coupling hole is
Figure BDA0003485807730000021
Furthermore, two circular ring-shaped clamping grooves are further formed in the outer side wall of the circular waveguide and serve as clamp flanges 1-5, the clamp flanges 1-5 are located at two ends of the circular waveguide and are adjacent to a signal input port and a signal output port, and the clamp flanges 1-5 are used for being matched with a clamp to achieve cascading of the amplifiers.
Further, the cathode 2, the anode 3 and the circular waveguide 1 act together to generate an electron beam 8 which enters a high-frequency beam interaction space; an input signal enters a signal channel 1-1 through a signal input port 1-1, interacts with an electron beam 8 through a coupling hole, enters a circular waveguide through the coupling hole, and is finally output from a signal output port 1-3, so that transmission type amplification is realized.
In terms of working principle:
the invention provides an externally hung cold cathode amplifier based on a circular waveguide, wherein TM is input at an input port of the circular waveguide01The signal is transmitted in the circular waveguide, and when the signal meets the coupling hole, the energy is coupled to the outer ring of the waveguide (the inner field and the outer field are strongly coupled); an electron gun is nested in the angular direction of the circular waveguide, an annular cold cathode emitting surface is pasted in the circular waveguide, potential difference is generated between an anode and a cathode, and annular electron beams are formed and emitted out under the constraint of an axial guiding magnetic field through field emission. The electron beam and the signal energy coupled out from the circular waveguide coupling port generate injection wave interaction (a periodic structure formed between the high-frequency outer sleeve and the waveguide coupling hole is a high-frequency interaction structure), a traveling wave field is formed, and a high-order mode is excited. Because the whole structure has the characteristic of periodic slow wave, the electron beam gives energy to an electromagnetic wave signal, the signal further modulates the electron beam in turn, the speed modulation and the density modulation are realized, the energy of a high-frequency field is gradually increased along with the enhancement of the modulation depth, finally, the signal energy is transmitted into the circular waveguide through the coupling hole, and then the TM is transmitted for a distance in the circular waveguide01The mode is output from the output port, thereby realizing signal amplification. The high-frequency outer sleeve is internally provided with a notch with a certain depth, so that the coupling impedance of a high-frequency structure can be increased, and the wave injection interaction degree is increased. Finally, the waste electrons finally generated by the electron optical system nested outside the circular waveguide hit the anode wall.
The invention can realize the relay of microwave signals through a cascade structure; according to the working principle of the amplifier and the wave dispersion characteristic, two schemes are provided: firstly, different voltages are applied to each level of externally nested cathodes, and the sizes and the numbers of the coupling hole arrays 1-4 formed by the high-frequency outer sleeve and the waveguide are ensured to be consistent (namely the size of a high-frequency interaction space is unchanged, and the unit structures are the same); let n inventive units be cascaded, the first stage has a 3dB bandwidth of f1To f2The second stage has a 3dB bandwidth of f3To f4And so on, the 3dB bandwidth up to the nth stage is f2n-1To f2nThen n unit devices can realize the staggered superposition of n frequency bands to reach f1To f2nThe band broadening and the gain superposition; secondly, the same voltage is applied to each level of the externally nested cathode, and the depth and the position of the notch of the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 and the size, the number and the shape of the coupling hole arrays 1-4 of the waveguide are adjusted, so that the superposition amplification of power can be realized.
In conclusion, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a cascade cold cathode amplifier based on a circular waveguide, wherein the circular waveguide is used as a support, an electronic optical system is externally hung in the angular direction of the waveguide and generates an annular electron beam, so that the separation of the electron beam and a signal field is realized, and a high-frequency field works in a high-order mode, so that the interaction space can be enlarged, the power capacity is improved, the mechanical difficulty is reduced, and the precision is improved; according to the dispersion characteristic and the working principle of the amplifier, the amplification of power and the widening of frequency bands can be realized by cascading a plurality of units (one axial guiding magnetic field system can be shared), and the working efficiency is improved. According to the invention, the electronic optical system, the high-frequency structure, the collector and the like are nested outside the circular waveguide, so that the whole device is more compact and miniaturized and is easier to integrate; and the cold cathode emitter reduces unnecessary heating devices through field emission, simplifies the cathode structure, has high starting speed, small radiation and low power consumption, can effectively solve the problem of difficult heat dissipation of devices, and greatly improves the working efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an external hanging cold cathode amplifier based on a circular waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circular waveguide of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a plurality of external hanging cold cathode amplifiers based on circular waveguides connected in a stepwise manner;
wherein, 1 is a circular waveguide, 1-1 is a signal channel, 1-2 is a signal input port, 1-3 is a signal output port, and 1-4 is a coupling hole array; 1-5 is a hoop flange, 2 is a cathode, 2-1 is a cathode emitter, 3 is an anode, 4 is an insulating support sleeve, 4-1 is an insulating support plate, 4-2 is an insulating support ring, 5 is a high-frequency outer sleeve, 5-1 is an annular groove, 6 is a collector, 7 is a heat dissipation fin, and 8 is an electron beam.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The embodiment provides an external hanging type cold cathode amplifier based on a circular waveguide, which has the structure shown in fig. 1; the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a circular waveguide 1, a cathode 2, an anode 3, an insulating support sleeve 4, a high-frequency outer sleeve 5, a collector 6 and a heat dissipation fin 7; wherein, a signal channel 1-1 is formed in the circular waveguide 1, two ends of the circular waveguide are respectively used as a signal input port 1-2 and a signal output port 1-3, the signal input port 1-2 and the signal output port 1-3 are respectively assembled with an input window and an output window, a coupling hole array 1-4 is arranged at a position corresponding to the high-frequency outer sleeve 5, and a high-frequency wave injection interaction space is correspondingly formed, as shown in fig. 2;
the outer wall of the cathode 2 is cylindrical, the inner wall of the cathode 2 is bowl-shaped, and an annular cold cathode emitter 2-1 is arranged at the center of the inner side of the cathode;
the cathode 3 is cylindrical, a rounded bulge is arranged on one side corresponding to the cathode 2, and a bunching electric field is formed by matching with the circular waveguide 1;
the insulating support sleeve 4 comprises an insulating support plate 4-1 and an insulating support ring 4-2;
the insulating support plate 4-1, the cathode 2, the insulating support ring 4-2, the anode 3, the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 and the collector 6 are sequentially connected and are jointly nested and welded in the direction of the outer wall of the circular waveguide 1; the matched signal input window and the matched signal output window form a vacuum sealing space;
the inner wall of the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 is provided with N annular grooves 5-1, and the N annular grooves 5-1 are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the circular waveguide to form a comb shape;
the heat dissipation fins 7 are arranged outside the collector 6 and arranged along the angular direction of the circular waveguide 1 for heat dissipation.
It should be noted that: the size, the number and the shape of the coupling holes can be designed according to the actual engineering requirements, and the relative position of the coupling holes and the circular groove 5-1 can be adjusted according to the size of the coupling impedance.
In this embodiment:
the circular waveguide 1 is in a metal circular ring shape, the inner radius is 2.83mm, the outer radius is 4.17mm, and the circular waveguide is made of metal copper; a clamping groove is arranged at a position 0.1mm away from the signal input port 1-2 and is used as a hoop flange 1-5, the width of the notch is 2.5mm, and the depth of the notch (the distance from the outer radius to the inner radius) is 0.78 mm; a clamping groove is arranged at a position 1-5 mm away from the signal output port, the width of the groove opening is 2.5mm, and the depth of the groove opening is 0.78 mm; coupling holes 1-4 are formed at a position 24.85mm away from a signal input end, the number of the coupling holes is 3 in the angular direction, the number of the coupling holes is 5 in the axial direction, the interval between every two holes is 1.66mm, the angular direction is 60 degrees, the positions, the sizes, the shapes and the number of the coupling holes 1-4 are not limited to the parameters, and the coupling holes are determined according to technical indexes such as actual coupling strength, interaction efficiency and the like;
the outer wall of the cathode 2 is cylindrical, the inner wall of the cathode 2 is bowl-shaped, the material is non-magnetic stainless steel, the structure is divided into four sections, from inside to outside, the first section is a hollow cylinder with the inner radius of 4.71mm, the outer radius of 6.05mm and the thickness of 1.6mm, the second section is a hollow cylinder with the inner radius of 6.05mm, the outer radius of 8.36mm and the slope of 1.53, the third section is a hollow cylinder with the inner radius of 8.36mm, the outer radius of 8.89mm and the slope of 0.26, and the fourth section is a hollow cylinder with the inner radius of 8.89mm, the outer radius of 10.83mm and the thickness of 1.3 mm; a cold cathode emitter 2-1 with the thickness of 0.35mm is arranged at the center of the inner surface of the second section, and the material is carbon nano tube or graphene;
the outer radius of the anode 3 is 10.83mm, the thickness is 1.3mm, one side of the anode is convex corresponding to the cathode 2, the inner radius of the inner structure is 6.12mm when viewed from the section, the slope is 0.66, the potential compensation of the cathode, the bunching and acceleration of electron beams and the adjustment of the angle of emitted electrons are realized, the chamfer processing is carried out on the cathode, the chamfer radius is 0.83mm, the concentration of a tip electric field can be reduced, and the material is non-magnetic stainless steel;
the material of the insulating support sleeve 4 is 99#The inner radius of the insulating support plate 4-1 is 4.16mm, the outer radius is 10.83mm, one end of the insulating support plate is fixed with the circular waveguide 1, and the other end of the insulating support plate is fixed with the cathode 2; the inner radius of the insulating support ring 4-2 is 8.89mm, the outer radius is 10.83mm, one end of the insulating support ring is fixed with the cathode 2, and the other end of the insulating support ring is fixed with the anode 3; the voltage of the anode 3 is set to zero potential, the cathodeThe electrode 2 is set to a negative potential and is separated by an annular insulating support plate in order to cause a voltage drop between the cathode 2 and the anode 3;
the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 is cylindrical, is made of metal copper, has the width of 12.01mm, the outer radius of 10.83mm and the inner radius of 6.12mm, is provided with grooves with the depth of 2.55mm and the width of 1.2mm, the number of the grooves is 5, and the grooves form a comb shape, and the tail end of the grooves is provided with grooves with the depth of 3.38 mm;
the collector 6 is composed of two disks with different sizes, the materials are non-magnetic stainless steel, the inner radius of the inner disk is 4.13mm, the outer radius of the inner disk is 9.42mm, and the inner radius of the outer disk is 4.13mm and the outer radius of the outer disk is 10.83 mm;
the heat radiating fins 6 are fan-shaped, 8 in number, arranged in an angular direction, fixed on the outer surface of the anode 5 and made of non-magnetic stainless steel; the outer radius of the radiating fin is 10.28mm, the inner radius is 4.16mm, the central angle is 11.58 degrees, the height is 4.16mm, and parameters of the flow conductivity coefficient and the heat flux density are set in practice. The cooling effect can be well achieved by assisting common microwave tube cooling modes such as air cooling, water cooling and the like, so that the normal work of the whole device system is ensured;
the structure of the coupling hole array 1-4 of the circular waveguide 1 corresponds to the comb-shaped metal disc in the middle of the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 to form a high-frequency structure, so that the modulation of signals is realized;
the cathode 2, the anode 3, the insulating support plate 4, the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 and the collector 6 are embedded on the outer wall of the circular waveguide 1 to form an externally-hung sealed wave injection interaction space, window sheets made of alumina ceramics are fixed on the signal input port 1-2 and the signal output port 1-5 to form a sealed single amplifier unit, a longitudinal guide magnetic field is arranged in the axial direction of the whole amplifier unit, and the modes of an outer coil, a permanent magnet, a periodic permanent magnet and the like can be adopted;
the amplifiers are used as a unit structure, and cascade connection of a plurality of amplifiers is realized through matching of hoop flanges 1-5 with a hoop; as shown in fig. 3;
welding all parts of the high-frequency interaction system into a whole by utilizing a microwave electric vacuum device process, and performing vacuum exhaust to form an absolute vacuum environment in the whole device; in operation, the cathode substrate is connected with a negative voltage, and the anode substrate is grounded.
The working process of the external hanging type cold cathode amplifier based on the circular waveguide is as follows:
inputting TM at signal input port 1-1 of circular waveguide 101The signal is transmitted in the signal channel 1-3, and when the signal meets the coupling hole array 1-4, energy is coupled to the outer ring of the waveguide (the internal field and the external field are strongly coupled); an electron gun is nested in the angular direction of the circular waveguide, the cathode 2 is connected with negative voltage, the anode 3 and the circular waveguide are connected with zero potential, a potential difference effect and an annular cold cathode emitter 2-1 pasted in the cathode 2 are formed between the anode and the circular waveguide, and through field emission, under the action of a strong electric field (a guide magnetic field with a certain value is simultaneously arranged in the axial direction to ensure stable and uniform transmission of electron beams), annular electron beams are formed and emitted. The electron beam and the signal energy coupled out from the circular waveguide coupling port generate injection wave interaction (a periodic structure formed between the high-frequency outer sleeve and the waveguide coupling hole is a high-frequency interaction structure), a traveling wave field is formed, and a high-order mode is excited. Because the whole structure has periodic slow wave characteristics (the boundary condition of a high-frequency interaction structure is discontinuous), the electron beam gives energy to an electromagnetic wave signal, the signal further modulates the electron beam in turn, the speed modulation and the density modulation are realized, the energy of a high-frequency field is gradually increased along with the enhancement of the modulation depth, finally, the signal energy is transmitted into the circular waveguide through the coupling hole, and then the signal energy is transmitted into the circular waveguide for a distance of TM01The modes are output from signal ports 1-3, thereby achieving signal amplification. The high-frequency outer sleeve is internally provided with a notch with a certain depth, so that the coupling impedance of a high-frequency structure can be increased, and the wave injection interaction degree is increased. Finally, the waste electrons finally generated by the electron optical system nested outside the circular waveguide hit the anode wall. The heat radiating fins 6 have a cooling function, and normal and stable operation of the device unit is guaranteed.
The hoop flanges 1-5 are butted through the hoops to realize step-by-step connection, so that the relay of microwave signals is realized; according to the working principle of the amplifier and the wave dispersion characteristic, two schemes are provided: first, different voltages are applied to each of the externally nested cathode stagesThe sizes and the numbers of the coupling hole arrays 1-4 formed by the high-frequency outer sleeve and the waveguide are consistent (namely the size of a high-frequency interaction space is unchanged, and the unit structure is the same); let n inventive units be cascaded, the first stage has a 3dB bandwidth of f1To f2The second stage has a 3dB bandwidth of f3To f4And so on, the 3dB bandwidth up to the nth stage is f2n-1To f2nThen n unit devices can realize the staggered superposition of n frequency bands to reach f1To f2nThe band broadening and the gain superposition; secondly, the same voltage is applied to each level of the externally nested cathode, and the depth and the position of the notch of the high-frequency outer sleeve 5 and the size, the number and the shape of the coupling hole arrays 1-4 of the waveguide are adjusted, so that the superposition amplification of power can be realized.
In conclusion, the hollow electron beam generated by the cold-cathode electron optical system which is angularly nested outside the circular waveguide and the input signal of the circular waveguide generate the beam injection interaction at the high-frequency structure, so that the amplification of the signal is realized; by connecting a plurality of devices of the invention through the cascading cutting sleeve, different voltages are applied to the electron gun, and modes such as higher harmonics and the like can be synchronously amplified and superposed according to the working principle of the amplifier, so that the power can be greatly increased; the cold cathode field-induced emission electron flow is utilized, the advantages of low power consumption and no temperature influence are utilized, and the wave injection interaction efficiency is improved.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

Claims (5)

1. An externally hung cold cathode amplifier based on a circular waveguide comprises: the device comprises a circular waveguide (1), a cathode (2), an anode (3), an insulating support sleeve (4), a high-frequency outer sleeve (5), a collector (6) and a radiating fin (7); the method is characterized in that:
a signal channel (1-1) is formed in the circular waveguide (1), two ends of the circular waveguide are respectively used as a signal input port (1-2) and a signal output port (1-3), and the signal input port and the signal output port are respectively provided with an input window and an output window;
the insulating support sleeve (4) comprises an insulating support plate (4-1) and an insulating support ring (4-2); the insulating support plate (4-1), the cathode (2), the insulating support ring (4-2), the anode (3), the high-frequency outer sleeve (5) and the collector (6) are sequentially connected and are jointly welded on the outer wall of the circular waveguide (1) in an embedded mode, and a vacuum sealing space is formed by matching a signal input window and a signal output window;
the outer wall of the cathode (2) is cylindrical, the inner wall of the cathode is bowl-shaped, and an annular cold cathode emitter (2-1) is arranged at the center of the inner wall; the anode (3) is cylindrical, and a rounded bulge and a matched circular waveguide (1) are arranged on one side corresponding to the cathode (2) to form a bunching electric field;
the inner wall of the high-frequency outer sleeve (5) is provided with N circular ring grooves (5-1), and the N circular ring grooves (5-1) are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the circular waveguide to form a comb shape; a coupling hole array (1-4) is formed in the position, corresponding to the high-frequency outer sleeve (5), of the circular waveguide (1) to form a high-frequency wave injection interaction space;
the radiating fins 7() are arranged outside the collector (6) and arranged along the angular direction of the circular waveguide (1).
2. An externally-hung cold cathode amplifier based on circular waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coupling holes in the coupling hole array are arranged in matrix, the number of coupling holes in the axial direction of the circular waveguide is N, the number of coupling holes in the angular direction is M, and the radian of each coupling hole is
Figure FDA0003485807720000011
3. The external hanging type cold cathode amplifier based on the circular waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer side wall of the circular waveguide is further provided with two circular clamping grooves as clamp flanges (1-5), and the clamp flanges are used for matching with a clamp to realize the cascade connection of a plurality of amplifiers.
4. An externally hung cold cathode amplifier based on circular waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode (2), the anode (3) and the circular waveguide (1) cooperate to generate electron beam (8) into the high frequency beam interaction space.
5. An externally-hung cold cathode amplifier based on a circular waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that the input signal enters the signal channel (1-1) through the signal input port (1-2), interacts with the electron beam (8) through the coupling hole, enters the circular waveguide through the coupling hole, and finally is output from the signal output port (1-3) to realize transmission-type amplification.
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GB716372A (en) * 1950-12-21 1954-10-06 M O Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to gas filled electric discharge devices
US20100289577A1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2010-11-18 Birnbach Curtis A Cascade Voltage Amplifier and Method of Activating Cascaded Electron Tubes
CN101308752A (en) * 2008-06-11 2008-11-19 电子科技大学 Common frequency multi-mode multi-stage whirling traveling-wave tube amplifier
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