CN114508392A - High-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of steam turbine - Google Patents

High-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of steam turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114508392A
CN114508392A CN202111634572.1A CN202111634572A CN114508392A CN 114508392 A CN114508392 A CN 114508392A CN 202111634572 A CN202111634572 A CN 202111634572A CN 114508392 A CN114508392 A CN 114508392A
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China
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steam
annular chamber
flow
chamber
annular
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CN202111634572.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114508392B (en
Inventor
平艳
白昆仑
孙奇
钟主海
杨长柱
陶志坚
朱莹
张德昭
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DEC Dongfang Turbine Co Ltd
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DEC Dongfang Turbine Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of a steam turbine, which comprises steam inlet channels, transition chambers and annular chambers, wherein the steam inlet channels are communicated with the annular chambers through the transition chambers, the number of the steam inlet channels and the number of the transition chambers are four, and the four steam inlet channels are symmetrically arranged; a guide plate is arranged at the downstream of each transition chamber, and part of steam flow is guided to the middle part of the annular chamber; two flow guide cones which are positioned at two ends of the annular cavity are arranged in the annular cavity, the flow guide cones are positioned in the guide direction of the flow guide plate, and the flow guide cones are provided with arc sections to enable the steam flow at two sides of the flow guide cones to turn. By adopting the high-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of the steam turbine, the steam flow uniformity in the chamber can be effectively improved, and the flow loss in the chamber can be reduced.

Description

High-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of steam turbine
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of a steam turbine, and belongs to the technical field of steam turbines.
Background
The demand of modern society for energy is continuously increasing, and the comprehensive utilization of energy also gets greater attention. As a steam turbine of the important power equipment of the modern countries, the improvement of the economy of the steam turbine has significant meaning for saving energy. With the change of economic situation, the demand for the reconstruction of old units is more urgent, and the reconstruction and the technical innovation of the steam inlet chamber of the steam turbine are also an important content.
The steam flow of the traditional high-pressure steam inlet chamber enters the annular chamber from four steam inlet pipelines behind the valve, flows downwards and fills the whole chamber; the flow direction of the steam then changes from radial to axial into the high pressure cylinder downstream axial flow stage. After steam of a traditional high-pressure steam inlet chamber enters a steam inlet pipeline through a valve, the steam enters an annular chamber formed by a shaft end steam seal body and a high-pressure inner cylinder through a transition chamber, and finally enters a downstream stationary blade row and a downstream moving blade row. As shown in fig. 1, the steam inlet mode has two main disadvantages, namely, the steam flows in the four steam inlet pipelines enter the annular chamber through the transition chamber and then are mixed with each other in the annular chamber, so that large steam flow collision and strong torsion are formed, and large energy loss is formed in the chamber; on the other hand, the four steam inlet pipe steam flows form steam flow collision in the annular cavity through the transition cavity and then are mixed, and directly enter the downstream axial flow stage to serve as the pneumatic boundary condition of the downstream axial flow stage. That is, the problem of non-uniform steam flow and large steam flow angle distribution span exists in the aerodynamic boundary condition that the outlet surface of the steam inlet chamber serves as a downstream axial flow, and the steam flow uniformity and stability of the inlet of the axial flow stage are poor. Meanwhile, due to strong collision of the steam flow at the outlet of the annular chamber, the steam flow forms vortex when entering a downstream blade row, so that the nonuniformity of the steam flow at the inlet of the blade row causes high loss, the pneumatic loss of the blade row is increased, the acting is influenced, and the technical problems of large total pressure loss of the steam inlet and low level efficiency connected with the steam inlet of the traditional steam inlet chamber exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a high-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of a steam turbine, which can effectively improve the steam flow uniformity in a chamber and reduce the flow loss in the chamber.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of a steam turbine comprises steam inlet channels, transition chambers and annular chambers, wherein the steam inlet channels are communicated with the annular chambers through the transition chambers, the number of the steam inlet channels and the number of the transition chambers are four, and the four steam inlet channels are symmetrically arranged;
a guide plate is arranged at the downstream of each transition chamber, and part of steam flow is guided to the middle part of the annular chamber; two flow guide cones which are positioned at two ends of the annular cavity are arranged in the annular cavity, the flow guide cones are positioned in the guide direction of the flow guide plate, and the flow guide cones are provided with arc sections to enable the steam flow at two sides of the flow guide cones to turn.
In the invention, the guide plate is arranged to guide part of the steam flow to the middle part of the annular chamber, so that the steam flow is more uniformly distributed in the annular chamber, the local steam flow speed in the annular chamber is reduced, and the energy loss when the steam flow is converted from the radial direction to the axial direction is reduced; the steam flow is turned by the arc section of the flow guide cone, so that the direct collision of the opposite upper half steam flow and the lower half steam flow is avoided, the torsion of the steam flow in the annular cavity is reduced, the stability of the steam flow in the steam inlet cavity is improved, and the energy loss in the cavity is reduced; the guide plate and the guide cone jointly reduce the mutual influence between the steam flows entering the annular cavity chamber from the four steam inlet pipes, reduce the mixing of the steam flows in the annular cavity chamber, enable the steam flows to flow in the annular cavity chamber more orderly and reduce the energy loss in the cavity chamber; the guide plate and the guide cone jointly enable the steam flow speed and the steam flow angle at the outlet of the steam inlet chamber to be more uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, so that the guide plate and the guide cone are better matched with a downstream blade row, and the loss in the downstream blade row is reduced.
Preferably, the baffle extends from downstream of the transition chamber to a horizontal midsection of the annular chamber.
Preferably, the deflector comprises a deflector straight section facing the steam inlet channel and a deflector arc section extending towards the horizontal middle section of the annular chamber.
In the scheme, the steam flow of the steam inlet channel is guided by the flow guide straight section and divided into two parts, the flow guide arc section divides the steam flow, and part of the steam flow is guided to the middle part of the annular chamber, so that the uniformity of the steam flow in the annular chamber is improved.
Preferably, the flow guide straight section is superposed with the central line of the steam inlet channel.
In the scheme, the steam flow distribution can be more uniform.
Preferably, the vertical distance from the top of the flow guide straight section to the top of the annular chamber is L1, the height of a flow channel on the vertical symmetry plane of the annular chamber is L2, and then L1 is delta x L2, wherein delta is 0.2-0.4.
Preferably, the center of a circle of the flow guide arc section is located on a vertical symmetrical plane of the annular chamber, the distance from the center of the circle to the center of the annular chamber is L4, the height from the center of the annular chamber to the top of the annular chamber is L3, then L4 is equal to epsilon multiplied by L3, and epsilon ranges from 0.4 to 0.6.
Preferably, the included angle between the line passing through the center of the annular chamber and the horizontal bisection plane of the annular chamber at the end part of the flow guide arc section is alpha, and the alpha is 45-55 degrees.
In the scheme, the parameter setting can achieve the best effect through numerical simulation verification.
Preferably, the ends of the diversion straight sections and the diversion arc sections are rounded.
In the above scheme, the steam flow is smoother when the flow is guided by rounding.
Preferably, the two diversion cones are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the annular chamber.
In the above scheme, the symmetrical arrangement can ensure the uniform stability of the steam flow in the annular cavity chamber.
Preferably, the guide cones are symmetrically arranged along the horizontal mid-section plane of the annular chamber.
Preferably, the circular arc segment extends horizontally from vertical.
In the above scheme, the steam flow in the vertical direction is converted into the horizontal direction.
Preferably, the flow guide cone comprises a first conical surface and a second conical surface which are combined to form a V shape, and the first conical surface, the second conical surface and the annular chamber are transited through arc sections.
In the scheme, the flow guide cone is in a transverse V shape, the upper half steam flow and the lower half steam flow are separated through the first conical surface and the second conical surface, mixing and twisting of the steam flow in the annular cavity chamber are reduced, and stability of the steam flow in the annular cavity chamber is improved.
Preferably, the included angle between the first conical surface and the horizontal bisecting surface is beta, and beta is 5-15 degrees.
Preferably, the junction of the first conical surface and the second conical surface is rounded.
Preferably, the deflector cone extends from the outer ring to the inner ring of the annular chamber, and the deflector cone does not block the annular chamber.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: after the steam flow enters the annular chamber from the steam inlet channel, the guide plate divides the steam flow into two parts, and the steam flow close to the outer wall surface is guided to the middle part of the annular chamber, so that the uniformity of the steam flow in the annular chamber is improved; the circular arc section in the diversion cone changes the steam flow direction near the middle split surface from vertical to horizontal, the first conical surface and the second conical surface separate the upper half steam flow from the lower half steam flow, mixing and twisting of the steam flow in the annular cavity chamber are reduced, and the stability of the steam flow in the annular cavity chamber is improved; the energy loss in the steam inlet chamber is obviously reduced, the speed and the angle distribution of the steam flow at the outlet of the steam inlet chamber are more uniform, the steam flow can be better matched with a downstream stationary blade row, and the efficiency of a downstream level is improved.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the guide plate is arranged to guide part of the steam flow to the middle part of the annular chamber, so that the steam flow is more uniformly distributed in the annular chamber, the local steam flow speed in the annular chamber is reduced, and the energy loss when the steam flow is converted from the radial direction to the axial direction is reduced;
2. the steam flow is turned by the flow guide cone, so that the direct collision of the opposite upper half steam flow and the lower half steam flow is avoided, the torsion of the steam flow in the annular cavity is reduced, the stability of the steam flow in the annular cavity is improved, and the energy loss in the cavity is reduced;
3. the guide plate and the guide cone jointly reduce the mutual influence between the steam flows entering the annular cavity chamber from the four steam inlet pipes, reduce the mixing of the steam flows in the annular cavity chamber, enable the steam flows to flow in the annular cavity chamber more orderly and reduce the energy loss in the cavity chamber;
4. the guide plate and the guide cone jointly enable the steam flow speed and the steam flow angle at the outlet of the annular chamber to be distributed more uniformly in the circumferential direction, so that the guide plate and the guide cone are better matched with a downstream blade row, and the loss in the downstream blade row is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art high pressure steam intake chamber configuration and flow field;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the high pressure steam intake chamber structure and flow field of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a baffle configuration;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a guide cone.
The labels in the figure are: 1-steam inlet channel, 2-transition chamber, 3-annular chamber, 4-guide plate, 5-guide cone, 41-guide straight section, 42-guide arc section, 51-first conical surface, 52 second conical surface and 53-arc section.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the high-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of the steam turbine of the present embodiment includes steam inlet passages 1, transition chambers 2 and annular chambers 3, the steam inlet passages 1 are communicated with the annular chambers 3 through the transition chambers 2, the number of the steam inlet passages 1 and the transition chambers 2 is four, the four steam inlet passages 1 are symmetrically arranged, so that two steam inlet passages 1 are located at the upper part of the median plane, and two steam inlet passages 1 are located at the lower part of the median plane;
a guide plate 4 is arranged at the downstream of each transition chamber 2, the guide plate 4 extends from the downstream of the transition chamber 2 to the horizontal middle section of the annular chamber 3, and part of steam flow is guided to the middle part of the annular chamber 3; two diversion cones 5 which are positioned at two ends of the annular chamber 3 are symmetrically arranged in the annular chamber 3, the diversion cones 5 are symmetrically arranged along the horizontal middle section of the annular chamber 3, the diversion cones 5 are positioned in the guiding direction of the diversion plate 4, and the diversion cones 5 are provided with arc sections which extend from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction to enable the steam flow at two sides of the diversion cones 5 to turn.
In the embodiment, the guide plate 4 is arranged to guide part of the steam flow to the middle part of the annular chamber 3, so that the steam flow is more uniformly distributed in the annular chamber 3, the local steam flow speed in the annular chamber 3 is reduced, and the energy loss when the steam flow is converted from the radial direction to the axial direction is reduced; the steam flow is turned by the arc section of the flow guide cone 5, the direct collision of the upper half steam flow and the lower half steam flow which are opposite to each other is avoided, the torsion of the steam flow in the annular cavity 3 is reduced, the stability of the steam flow in the steam inlet cavity is improved, and the energy loss in the cavity is reduced.
As an alternative to the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in another embodiment, the flow guiding plate 4 includes a flow guiding straight section 41 facing the steam inlet channel 1 and a flow guiding arc section 42 extending to the horizontal middle section of the annular chamber 3, the steam flow of the steam inlet channel 1 is guided by the flow guiding straight section 41 and divided into two parts, and the flow guiding arc section 42 guides part of the steam flow to the middle of the annular chamber 3, so as to improve the uniformity of the steam flow in the annular chamber 3.
As an alternative to the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in other embodiments, the flow guiding straight section 41 coincides with the center line of the steam inlet channel 1, so that the steam flow distribution can be more uniform.
As an alternative to the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in other embodiments, the vertical distance from the top of the flow guiding straight section 41 to the top of the annular chamber 3 is L1, and the height of the flow channel on the vertical symmetric plane of the annular chamber 3 is L2, then L1 is δ × L2, where δ is 0.2-0.4; the center of a circle of the flow guide arc section 42 is located on a vertical symmetrical plane of the annular chamber 3, the distance from the center of the circle to the center of the annular chamber 3 is L4, the height from the center of the annular chamber 3 to the top is L3, then L4 is equal to epsilon multiplied by L3, wherein epsilon is 0.4-0.6; the included angle between the line passing through the center of the annular chamber 3 and the horizontal median plane of the annular chamber 3 at the end part of the flow guide arc section 42 is alpha which is 45-55 degrees; through numerical simulation verification, the parameter setting can achieve the best effect.
As an alternative to the above embodiment, in other embodiments, the ends of the diversion straight sections 41 and the diversion arc sections 42 are rounded, so that the steam flow is smoother when the diversion is performed.
As an alternative to the above-described embodiment, in other embodiments, the guide cones 5 are arranged symmetrically along the horizontal mid-plane of the annular chamber 3, as shown in fig. 4.
As an alternative to the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, in other embodiments, the guide cone 5 includes a first conical surface 51 and a second conical surface 52 that form a "V" shape in combination, and the first conical surface 51, the second conical surface and the annular chamber 3 are transited by a circular arc segment; the flow guide cone 5 is in a transverse V shape, and the upper half steam flow and the lower half steam flow are separated through the first conical surface 51 and the second conical surface 52, so that mixing and twisting of the steam flow in the annular cavity 3 are reduced, and the stability of the steam flow in the annular cavity 3 is improved.
As an alternative to the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, in another embodiment, the included angles between the first tapered surface 51 and the second tapered surface 52 and the horizontal bisector are β, and β is 5 ° to 15 °.
As an alternative to the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, in other embodiments, the junction of the first tapered surface 51 and the second tapered surface 52 is rounded.
As an alternative to the above embodiment, in other embodiments, the guide cone 5 extends from the outer ring to the inner ring of the annular chamber 3, as shown in fig. 4, and the guide cone 5 does not block the annular chamber 3.
In conclusion, by adopting the high-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of the steam turbine, the local steam flow speed in the annular chamber is obviously reduced, the mixing, collision and torsion of the steam flow are obviously reduced, and the pneumatic performance is greatly improved; the steam flow at the outlet of the annular chamber is more uniform and stable, and the efficiency of the downstream level is improved.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.

Claims (10)

1. A high-pressure steam inlet chamber structure of a steam turbine is characterized in that: the steam inlet device comprises steam inlet channels (1), transition chambers (2) and annular chambers (3), wherein the steam inlet channels (1) are communicated with the annular chambers (3) through the transition chambers (2), the number of the steam inlet channels (1) and the number of the transition chambers (2) are four, and the four steam inlet channels (1) are symmetrically arranged; a guide plate (4) is arranged at the downstream of each transition chamber (2) and guides part of steam flow to the middle part of the annular chamber (3); two flow guide cones (5) located at two ends of the annular chamber (3) are arranged in the annular chamber (3), the flow guide cones (5) are located in the guide direction of the guide plates (4), and the flow guide cones (5) are provided with arc sections to enable steam flows on two sides of the flow guide cones (5) to turn.
2. The high pressure inlet plenum structure for a steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein: the guide plate (4) extends from the downstream of the transition chamber (2) to the horizontal middle section of the annular chamber (3).
3. The high pressure inlet plenum structure for a steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein: the guide plate (4) comprises a guide straight section (41) facing the steam inlet channel (1) and a guide arc section (42) extending to the horizontal middle section of the annular chamber (3).
4. The high pressure inlet plenum structure for a steam turbine according to claim 3, wherein: the flow guide straight section (41) is superposed with the central line of the steam inlet channel (1).
5. The high pressure inlet plenum structure for a steam turbine according to claim 3, wherein: the vertical distance from the top of the flow guide straight section (41) to the top of the annular chamber (3) is L1, the height of a flow channel of a vertical symmetrical plane of the annular chamber (3) is L2, and then L1 is delta multiplied by L2, wherein delta is 0.2-0.4.
6. The high pressure inlet plenum structure for a steam turbine according to claim 3, wherein: the circle center of the circle where the flow guide arc section (42) is located on a vertical symmetrical plane of the annular chamber (3), the distance from the circle center to the center of the annular chamber (3) is L4, the height from the center to the top of the annular chamber (3) is L3, then L4 is equal to epsilon multiplied by L3, and epsilon is 0.4-0.6.
7. The high pressure inlet plenum structure for a steam turbine according to claim 3, wherein: the included angle between the line of the end part of the flow guide arc section (42) passing through the center of the annular chamber (3) and the horizontal bisection plane of the annular chamber (3) is alpha which is 45-55 degrees.
8. The high pressure inlet plenum structure for a steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein: the diversion cones (5) are symmetrically arranged along the horizontal mid-section plane of the annular chamber (3).
9. The high pressure inlet plenum structure for a steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein: the flow guide cone (5) comprises a first conical surface (51) and a second conical surface (52) which are combined to form a V shape, and the first conical surface (51), the second conical surface (52) and the annular cavity (3) are transited through arc sections.
10. The high pressure inlet plenum structure for a steam turbine according to claim 9, wherein: the included angles between the first conical surface (51) and the second conical surface (52) and the horizontal bisection surface are beta, and the beta is 5-15 degrees.
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