CN114507803B - Quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of fault energy, preparation method and application - Google Patents

Quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of fault energy, preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN114507803B
CN114507803B CN202210041028.4A CN202210041028A CN114507803B CN 114507803 B CN114507803 B CN 114507803B CN 202210041028 A CN202210041028 A CN 202210041028A CN 114507803 B CN114507803 B CN 114507803B
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王快社
王佳
乔柯
王文
蔡军
张宇烨
郝政扬
王元一
陈善勇
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel, which comprises the steps of filling non-penetrating holes formed in the surface of a substrate with a quenching distribution steel plate as the substrate and fault energy regulating and controlling powder as an enhancement item, and then carrying out friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the fault energy regulating and controlling powder to obtain the fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel. The invention also discloses the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy and application thereof. The invention prepares the quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy by changing the deformation mechanism of the quenching distribution steel, introduces one or more of C powder, Mn powder or Al powder into a substrate through stirring friction processing to improve the stacking fault energy of the local area of the quenching distribution steel, so that the deformation mechanism of the quenching distribution steel is changed from single phase transformation into phase transformation and twinning, thereby achieving the purpose of high-strength plasticity, and the prepared quenching distribution steel has the characteristic of gradient stacking fault energy and is more suitable for being used under the condition of complex working conditions.

Description

一种层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢、制备方法及应用A kind of stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching partition steel, preparation method and application

技术领域technical field

本发明属于钢铁材料加工技术领域,具体涉及一种层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢、制备方法及应用。The invention belongs to the technical field of iron and steel material processing, and in particular relates to a stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching partition steel, a preparation method and an application.

背景技术Background technique

与铝、镁合金相比,钢材不但具有更高的屈服、抗拉强度,还具有轻量化、耐腐蚀等优点,被广泛应用于汽车车身制造行业。但是由于汽车车身应用工况复杂,使用在车身不同部位的钢材,性能需求往往存在很大差别,例如,车身防撞梁要求具有更好的冲击韧性,而上机盖需由更好高的强度。因此,在常规制造时,通常采用不同牌号的钢板进行焊接或铆接,拼凑出合适且价格低的钢板使用。这种方式连接的材料常常在服役中,在焊缝热影响区发生失效从而降低材料服役寿命,带来不便。因此,亟需一种能够制备出在不同区域采用不同变形机制的层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢,以实现钢材区域性能不同的目标。Compared with aluminum and magnesium alloys, steel not only has higher yield and tensile strength, but also has the advantages of light weight and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in the automobile body manufacturing industry. However, due to the complex application conditions of the car body, the performance requirements of the steel used in different parts of the car body are often very different. For example, the anti-collision beam of the car body requires better impact toughness, and the upper cover needs to be made of better and higher strength. . Therefore, in conventional manufacturing, different grades of steel plates are usually welded or riveted, and suitable and low-priced steel plates are assembled for use. Materials connected in this way often fail in the heat-affected zone of the weld during service, thereby reducing the service life of the material and causing inconvenience. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a quenched and partitioned steel that can prepare a stacking fault energy gradient distribution with different deformation mechanisms in different regions, so as to achieve the goal of different regional properties of the steel.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

针对以上技术需求,本发明提出了一种层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢、制备方法及应用,通过调控钢材中的化学成分来提高淬火配分钢的局部层错能,以解决现有技术中存在的缺少区域性能不同的钢材的技术问题。In view of the above technical requirements, the present invention proposes a stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching and partitioning steel, a preparation method and an application. The lack of technical problems of steels with different regional properties.

为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案予以实现:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:

一种层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢的制备方法,以淬火配分钢板为基板,以层错能调控粉末为增强项,将所述的层错能调控粉末填充于基板表面开设的非贯穿型孔洞中,然后在填充了层错能调控粉末的基板表面进行搅拌摩擦加工,得到层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢。A method for preparing stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching and partitioning steel. The quenching and partitioning steel plate is used as a base plate, and the stacking fault energy control powder is used as a reinforcement item, and the stacking fault energy control powder is filled in the non-penetrating holes opened on the surface of the base plate. Then, friction stir processing was performed on the surface of the substrate filled with stacking fault energy regulating powder to obtain a quenched and partitioned steel with a gradient distribution of stacking fault energy.

本发明还具有以下技术特征:The present invention also has the following technical features:

具体的,所述层错能调控粉末包括C粉、Mn粉或Al粉中的一种或多种。Specifically, the stacking fault energy control powder includes one or more of C powder, Mn powder or Al powder.

更进一步的,所述层错能调控粉末的粒径大小为1μm~50μm,所述层错能调控粉末的纯度不小于99%。Further, the particle size of the stacking fault energy control powder is 1 μm˜50 μm, and the purity of the stacking fault energy control powder is not less than 99%.

更进一步的,所述方法包括以下具体步骤:Further, the method includes the following specific steps:

步骤1、根据基板的化学成分确定基板的层错能;根据基板的变形机制与层错能分类确定基板的层错能调控范围;根据基板的层错能调控范围确定层错能调控粉末在层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢中的质量含量;Step 1. Determine the stacking fault energy of the substrate according to the chemical composition of the substrate; determine the stacking fault energy regulation range of the substrate according to the deformation mechanism of the substrate and the classification of the stacking fault energy; determine the stacking fault energy regulation range of the substrate according to the stacking fault energy regulation range of the substrate. The mass content in the quenched partitioned steel with dislocation energy gradient distribution;

步骤2、根据步骤1确定的层错能调控粉末在层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢中的质量含量,确定制备横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢或纵向梯度层错能淬火配分钢时,开设在基板上的非贯穿型孔洞的数量及间距,然后在预处理后的基板上完成制孔;Step 2: According to the stacking fault energy determined in step 1, the mass content of the powder in the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenched and partitioned steel is regulated, and it is determined that when the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel or the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel is prepared, set at: The number and spacing of non-through holes on the substrate, and then complete the hole making on the pretreated substrate;

步骤3、将所述的增强项填充于基板表面开设的非贯穿型孔洞中,然后在填充了层错能调控粉末的基板表面进行搅拌摩擦加工,得到层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢。Step 3: Filling the reinforcing item in the non-penetrating holes on the surface of the substrate, and then performing friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder to obtain a quenched and partitioned steel with a gradient distribution of stacking fault energy.

更进一步的,所述层错能调控范围为12~18mJ/m2,所述层错能调控粉末在层错能淬火配分钢中的质量含量为0.0218%~6.69%。Furthermore, the stacking fault energy regulation range is 12-18 mJ/m 2 , and the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulation powder in the stacking fault energy quenched partition steel is 0.0218% to 6.69%.

更进一步的,制备横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢时,孔洞的数量通过以下公式计算:Furthermore, when preparing the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel, the number of holes is calculated by the following formula:

Figure BDA0003470219560000031
Figure BDA0003470219560000031

式中,M为层错能调控粉末在层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢中的质量含量,M为层错能调控粉末对应元素在基板中的质量含量,a为基板长度,单位为mm,b为搅拌摩擦加工中搅拌针的轴间直径,单位为mm,c为基板厚度,单位为mm,d为孔洞直径,单位为mm,h为孔洞深度,单位为 mm,L为基板上搅拌摩擦加工区域的长度,单位为mm,n为孔洞数量,单位为个,ρ为层错能调控粉末密度,单位为g/cm3,ρ为基板密度,单位为g/cm3In the formula, M is the mass content of the stacking fault energy control powder in the quenched partition steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy, M is the mass content of the corresponding element of the stacking fault energy control powder in the substrate , a is the length of the substrate, the unit is mm, b is the inter-shaft diameter of the stirring needle in friction stir processing, in mm, c is the thickness of the substrate, in mm, d is the diameter of the hole, in mm, h is the depth of the hole, in mm, and L is the friction stir on the substrate The length of the processing area, the unit is mm, n is the number of holes, the unit is one, the ρ powder is the stacking fault energy control powder density, the unit is g/cm 3 , the ρ base is the substrate density, the unit is g/cm 3 .

更进一步的,制备纵向梯度层错能淬火配分钢时,孔洞的间距通过以下公式计算:Furthermore, when the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel is prepared, the spacing of the holes is calculated by the following formula:

Figure BDA0003470219560000032
Figure BDA0003470219560000032

式中,M为层错能调控粉末在层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢中的质量含量,M为层错能调控粉末对应元素在基板中的质量含量,f为孔洞间距,单位为mm,D0为层错能调控粉末的扩散常数,E为层错能调控粉末的扩散激活能,R为热力学常数,取值8.314J/mol,T为搅拌摩擦加工中的焊接温度,单位为℃,J为物质通量,单位为mol/m2In the formula, M is the mass content of the stacking fault energy-regulated powder in the quenched partition steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy, M is the mass content of the corresponding element of the stacking fault energy-regulated powder in the substrate , f is the distance between the holes, the unit is mm, D 0 is the diffusion constant of the powder controlled by the stacking fault energy, E is the diffusion activation energy of the powder controlled by the stacking fault energy, R is the thermodynamic constant, valued at 8.314J/mol, T is the welding temperature in the friction stir processing, the unit is °C, J is the mass flux in mol/m 2 .

更进一步的,所述搅拌摩擦加工的搅拌头转速为400~2000r/min,搅拌头前进速度为50~400mm/min。Further, the rotational speed of the stirring head of the friction stir processing is 400-2000 r/min, and the forward speed of the stirring head is 50-400 mm/min.

本发明还公开了上述制备方法制备的梯度淬火配分钢。所述层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢以淬火配分钢为基板,以层错能调控粉末为增强项,将所述的层错能调控粉末填充于基板表面开设的非贯穿型孔洞中,然后在填充了层错能调控粉末的基板表面进行搅拌摩擦加工得到。The invention also discloses the gradient quenching and distribution steel prepared by the above preparation method. The stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching and partitioning steel takes the quenching and partitioning steel as the substrate, and the stacking fault energy regulation powder is used as the reinforcement item, and the stacking fault energy regulation powder is filled in the non-penetrating holes opened on the surface of the substrate, and then in the The surface of the substrate filled with stacking fault energy control powder is obtained by friction stir processing.

本发明还公开了上述制备方法制备得到的层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢用于汽车车身部件的应用。The invention also discloses the application of the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenched partition steel prepared by the above preparation method for automobile body parts.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1)本发明方法通过改变淬火配分钢的变形机制来制备梯度层错能淬火配分钢,通过搅拌摩擦加工在淬火配分钢中引入C粉、Mn粉或Al粉中中的一种或多种作为层错能调控粉末,使得淬火配分钢的变形机制由单一相变转变为相变和孪生,以改善现有淬火配分钢局部区域的层错能,达到高强塑性的目的,制备出的淬火配分钢具有层错能梯度化的特征,更适合在复杂工况条件下使用。(1) The method of the present invention prepares the gradient stacking fault energy quenched and divided steel by changing the deformation mechanism of the quenched and divided steel, and introduces one or more of C powder, Mn powder or Al powder into the quenched and divided steel by friction stir processing. As a stacking fault energy control powder, the deformation mechanism of the quenched partition steel is transformed from a single phase transformation to a phase transition and twinning, so as to improve the stacking fault energy in the local area of the existing quenched partition steel and achieve the purpose of high strength and plasticity. The prepared quenched partition steel Steel has the characteristics of stacking fault energy gradient, which is more suitable for use in complex working conditions.

(2)现有的层错能调控方法只能进行整个板材层错能调控,虽然可以改变层错能,但是并非通过变形机制的改善来提高板材力学性能,其仍然依靠位错强化提升钢材性能。而本方法以调控层错能粉末为增强项,达到局部精确调控层错能,通过改变钢材变形机制提升钢材力学性能。(2) The existing stacking fault energy control method can only control the stacking fault energy of the entire sheet. Although the stacking fault energy can be changed, it does not improve the mechanical properties of the sheet by improving the deformation mechanism. It still relies on dislocation strengthening to improve the steel properties. . In this method, the stacking fault energy control powder is used as the enhancement item to achieve local precise control of the stacking fault energy, and the mechanical properties of the steel are improved by changing the deformation mechanism of the steel.

(3)本发明方法所使用的搅拌摩擦加工技术属于绿色固相加工技术,相较传统金属材料加工方法,即等通道转角挤压和高压扭转,具有操作简单、成本低、绿色环保、快捷有效等优点。(3) The friction stir processing technology used in the method of the present invention belongs to the green solid-phase processing technology. Compared with the traditional metal material processing methods, that is, equal channel angular extrusion and high-pressure torsion, it has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, green environmental protection, fast and effective Etc.

(4)本发明所制备的层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢力学性能较市购的同类钢材的强塑积有明显提升。(4) The mechanical properties of the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenched partition steel prepared by the present invention are obviously improved compared with the strength-plastic product of the same kind of steels purchased in the market.

(5)本发明方法制得的层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢尤其适用于性能需求往往存在很大差别的汽车车身部件的应用,具有更为广阔的应用前景,具有很强的推广使用价值。(5) The stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenched and partitioned steel prepared by the method of the present invention is especially suitable for the application of automobile body parts whose performance requirements are often very different, and has broader application prospects and strong promotion and use value.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为实施例1、对比例1和对比例2中制备得到的2的工程应力应变曲线;Fig. 1 is the engineering stress-strain curve of 2 prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2;

图2为实施例1中横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢的制备示意图;Fig. 2 is the preparation schematic diagram of the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel in Example 1;

图3为实施例2中纵向梯度层错能淬火配分钢的制备示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel in Example 2. FIG.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

在下文中,仅简单地描述了某些示例性实施例。正如本领域技术人员可认识到的那样,在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,可以通过增加、删除、修改等各种不同方式修改所描述的实施例。因此,附图和描述被认为本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, with additions, deletions, modifications, etc., all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

以下对本发明所涉及的技术术语予以解释:The technical terms involved in the present invention are explained below:

层错能梯度化:是指材料沿某一方向在层错能上呈现梯度分布的现象。Stacking fault energy gradient: refers to the phenomenon that a material exhibits a gradient distribution in stacking fault energy along a certain direction.

淬火配分钢:是指淬火-碳分配处理钢,淬火配分钢通常可以达到的力学性能范围为,抗拉强度800~1500MPa,伸长率15%~40%。Quenched partitioned steel: refers to quenched-carbon partitioned steel. The mechanical properties that quenched partitioned steel can usually achieve are in the range of tensile strength of 800 to 1500 MPa and elongation of 15% to 40%.

横向梯度:本方案中的横向是指与淬火配分钢钢板轧制方向垂直的方向,淬火配分钢钢板上沿横向每一加工道次的层错能呈现梯度化分布,此时,孔洞间距为定值、在相同的加工时间内,增强元素的扩散量相同,同一加工道次下,增强元素的含量均匀。因此,在制备横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢时,使用整体质量比来计算孔洞数量。Transverse gradient: The transverse direction in this scheme refers to the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the quenched and partitioned steel plate. The stacking fault energy of each processing pass along the transverse direction of the quenched and partitioned steel plate presents a gradient distribution. At this time, the hole spacing is fixed. In the same processing time, the diffusion amount of the reinforcing element is the same, and the content of the reinforcing element is uniform under the same processing pass. Therefore, the overall mass ratio is used to calculate the number of voids in the preparation of the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel.

纵向梯度:本方案中的纵向是指淬火配分钢钢板轧制方向,此时,淬火配分钢钢板上沿纵向每一加工道次的层错能呈梯度分布,孔洞间距非定值。层错能调控粉末的元素在不同间距、相同加工时间下的扩散量不同,同一加工道次下,层错能调控粉末的元素含量非均匀。因此,在制备纵向梯度层错能淬火配分钢时,不能使用整体质量比,而是采用扩散速率公式计算孔洞间距。Longitudinal gradient: The longitudinal direction in this scheme refers to the rolling direction of the quenched and partitioned steel plate. At this time, the stacking fault energy of each longitudinal processing pass on the quenched and partitioned steel plate is distributed in a gradient, and the hole spacing is not constant. Stacking faults can control the diffusivity of powder elements at different distances and at the same processing time. Under the same processing pass, stacking faults can control the element content of powders to be non-uniform. Therefore, in the preparation of longitudinally graded stacking fault energy quenched partition steel, the overall mass ratio cannot be used, but the diffusion rate formula is used to calculate the pore spacing.

需要说明的是,本发明中的孔洞间距是指孔洞圆心之间的距离。It should be noted that the hole spacing in the present invention refers to the distance between the centers of the holes.

钢材的性能与其变形机制有密不可分的关系,而变形机制按层错能分为四种:1、层错能小于12mJ/m2,材料的变形机制主要为相变;2、层错能在12~18mJ/m2范围内,变形机制主要为相变和孪生;3、层错能在 18~35mJ/m2范围内,主要为孪生机制;4、层错能在35mJ/m2以上,主要变形机制为位错滑移。相变可提高加工硬化率、孪生有利于塑性。淬火配分钢的层错能处于12mJ/m2以下,变形机制为单一相变,因此,淬火配分钢塑性远不及孪生变形机制的孪生诱发塑性钢。在本方案中,将采用元素含量提高层错能,将淬火配分钢的层错能提升至12~18mJ/m2范围内,从而提升钢材的强塑性。The performance of steel is closely related to its deformation mechanism, and the deformation mechanism is divided into four types according to the stacking fault energy: 1. The stacking fault energy is less than 12mJ/m 2 , and the deformation mechanism of the material is mainly phase transformation; 2. The stacking fault energy is in In the range of 12-18mJ /m2, the deformation mechanism is mainly phase transition and twinning; 3. The stacking fault energy is in the range of 18-35mJ /m2, mainly due to the twinning mechanism; 4. The stacking fault energy is above 35mJ/ m2 , The main deformation mechanism is dislocation slip. Phase transformation can increase the work hardening rate, and twinning is beneficial to plasticity. The stacking fault energy of quenched partition steel is below 12mJ/m 2 , and the deformation mechanism is a single phase transformation. Therefore, the plasticity of quenched partition steel is far less than that of twin-induced plasticity steel with twin deformation mechanism. In this scheme, the element content will be used to increase the stacking fault energy, and the stacking fault energy of the quenched and partitioned steel will be increased to the range of 12-18 mJ/m 2 , thereby improving the strength and plasticity of the steel.

本发明公开了一种层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢的制备方法,以淬火配分钢板为基板,以层错能调控粉末为增强项,将所述的层错能调控粉末填充于基板表面开设的非贯穿型孔洞中,然后在填充了层错能调控粉末的基板表面进行搅拌摩擦加工,得到层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢。The invention discloses a preparation method of a quenched and distributed steel with a gradient distribution of stacking fault energy. The quenched and distributed steel plate is used as a base plate, and the stacking fault energy control powder is used as a reinforcing item, and the stacking fault energy control powder is filled in the openings opened on the surface of the base plate. Then, friction stir processing is performed on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy control powder in the non-penetrating holes, and the quenched partition steel with the stacking fault energy gradient distribution is obtained.

作为优选,所述层错能调控粉末包括C粉、Mn粉或Al粉中的一种。Preferably, the stacking fault energy control powder includes one of C powder, Mn powder or Al powder.

作为优选,所述层错能调控粉末的粒径大小为1μm~50μm,所述层错能调控粉末的纯度不小于99%。Preferably, the particle size of the stacking fault energy regulated powder is 1 μm˜50 μm, and the purity of the stacking fault energy regulated powder is not less than 99%.

包括以下具体步骤,Including the following specific steps,

步骤1、根据基板的化学成分确定基板的层错能;根据基板的变形机制与层错能分类确定基板的层错能调控范围;根据基板的层错能调控范围确定层错能调控粉末在层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢中的质量含量;Step 1. Determine the stacking fault energy of the substrate according to the chemical composition of the substrate; determine the stacking fault energy regulation range of the substrate according to the deformation mechanism of the substrate and the classification of the stacking fault energy; determine the stacking fault energy regulation range of the substrate according to the stacking fault energy regulation range of the substrate. The mass content in the quenched partitioned steel with dislocation energy gradient distribution;

步骤2、根据步骤1确定的层错能调控粉末在层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢中的质量含量,确定制备横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢或纵向梯度层错能淬火配分钢后,确定开设在基板上的非贯穿型孔洞的数量及间距,然后在预处理后的基板上完成制孔;Step 2. According to the stacking fault energy determined in step 1, the mass content of the powder in the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching and partitioning steel is regulated, and after determining the preparation of the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching and partitioning steel or the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenching and partitioning steel, it is determined to open. The number and spacing of non-through holes on the substrate, and then complete the hole making on the pretreated substrate;

基板预处理具体是指,在加工前用砂纸对淬火配分钢基板的表面进行打磨,使基板的表面粗糙度Ra≤10μm,然后用丙酮清洗打磨后的表面,除去金属板材表面的油污、氧化物和杂质,最后烘干。Substrate pretreatment specifically refers to grinding the surface of the quenched and distributed steel substrate with sandpaper before processing to make the surface roughness of the substrate Ra ≤ 10 μm, and then cleaning the polished surface with acetone to remove oil and oxides on the surface of the metal plate. and impurities, and finally dried.

作为优选,制备横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢时,孔洞的数量通过以下公式计算:Preferably, when preparing the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel, the number of holes is calculated by the following formula:

Figure BDA0003470219560000071
Figure BDA0003470219560000071

式中,M为层错能调控粉末在层错能淬火配分钢中的质量含量,M为层错能调控粉末对应元素在基板中的质量含量,a为基板长度,单位为 mm,b为搅拌摩擦加工中搅拌针的轴间直径,单位为mm,c为基板厚度,单位为mm,d为孔洞直径,单位为mm,h为孔洞深度,单位为mm,L 为基板上搅拌摩擦加工区域的长度,单位为mm,n为孔洞数量,单位为个,ρ为层错能调控粉末密度,单位为g/cm3,ρ为基板密度,单位为g/cm3In the formula, M is the mass content of the stacking fault energy control powder in the stacking fault energy quenched partition steel, M is the mass content of the corresponding element of the stacking fault energy control powder in the substrate , a is the length of the substrate, in mm, and b is The inter-shaft diameter of the stirring needle in friction stir processing, in mm, c is the thickness of the substrate, in mm, d is the diameter of the hole, in mm, h is the depth of the hole, in mm, and L is the friction stir processing area on the substrate The length of , in mm, n is the number of holes, in units, ρ powder is the stacking fault energy control powder density, in g/cm 3 , ρ base is the substrate density, in g/cm 3 .

所述层错能调控范围为12~18mJ/m2,所述层错能调控粉末在层错能淬火配分钢中的质量含量为0.0218%~6.69%。The stacking fault energy regulation range is 12-18 mJ/m 2 , and the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulation powder in the stacking fault energy quenched partition steel is 0.0218% to 6.69%.

使用现有的热力学模型和规则固溶体模型,可以通过层错能调控范围确定层错能调控粉末在层错能淬火配分钢中的质量含量。其中,确定在基板的层错能调控范围为12~18mJ/m2,因为淬火配分钢属于低合金高强钢,合金中各元素的质量占比不会超出钢铁材料的C元素含量占比,所以以钢铁材料中最低C含量0.0218%作为层错能调控粉末在层错能淬火配分钢中的质量含量的下限,以C最高含量6.69%作为层错能调控粉末在层错能淬火配分钢中的质量含量的,来限制层错能调控粉末在层错能淬火配分钢中的质量含量初始范围。Using the existing thermodynamic model and regular solid solution model, the mass content of the stacking fault energy control powder in the stacking fault energy quenched partition steel can be determined through the control range of the stacking fault energy. Among them, the control range of the stacking fault energy on the substrate is determined to be 12-18mJ/m 2 , because the quenched partition steel is a low-alloy high-strength steel, and the mass proportion of each element in the alloy will not exceed the proportion of the C element content of the steel material, so The lowest C content in the steel material is 0.0218% as the stacking fault energy to control the lower limit of the mass content of the powder in the stacking fault energy quenched partitioned steel, and the highest C content of 6.69% is used as the stacking fault energy to control the powder in the stacking fault energy quenched partition steel. To limit the initial range of the mass content of the stacking fault energy control powder in the stacking fault energy quenched partition steel.

作为优选,制备纵向梯度层错能淬火配分钢时,孔洞的间距通过以下公式计算:Preferably, when preparing the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel, the spacing of the holes is calculated by the following formula:

Figure BDA0003470219560000081
Figure BDA0003470219560000081

式中,M为层错能调控粉末在层错能淬火配分钢中的质量含量,M为层错能调控粉末对应元素在基板中的质量含量,f为孔洞间距,单位为 mm,D0为层错能调控粉末的扩散常数,E为层错能调控粉末的扩散激活能, R为热力学常数,取值8.314J/mol,T为搅拌摩擦加工中的焊接温度,单位为℃,J为物质通量,单位为mol/m2In the formula, M is the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulated powder in the stacking fault energy quenched and partitioned steel, M is the mass content of the corresponding element of the stacking fault energy regulated powder in the substrate , f is the hole spacing, in mm, D 0 is the stacking fault energy to control the diffusion constant of the powder, E is the stacking fault energy to control the diffusion activation energy of the powder, R is the thermodynamic constant, the value is 8.314J/mol, T is the welding temperature in friction stir processing, the unit is °C, and J is Mass flux, in mol/m 2 .

作为优选,基板的厚度为1~3mm,孔洞直径为1~2.5mm,孔洞深度为 0.5~1.2mm。Preferably, the thickness of the substrate is 1-3 mm, the diameter of the hole is 1-2.5 mm, and the depth of the hole is 0.5-1.2 mm.

步骤3、将所述的增强项填充于基板表面开设的非贯穿型孔洞中,然后在填充了层错能调控粉末的基板表面进行搅拌摩擦加工,得到层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢。Step 3: Filling the reinforcing item in the non-penetrating holes on the surface of the substrate, and then performing friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder to obtain a quenched and partitioned steel with a gradient distribution of stacking fault energy.

搅拌摩擦加工装置采用现有的设备,包括依次连接的轴肩和搅拌针,其中,轴肩为圆柱形,轴肩直径为12~18mm;搅拌针为圆柱形、圆锥形或圆台形;圆柱形搅拌针直径为4~8mm,长度为0.5~4mm;圆锥形搅拌针的根部直径为2~6mm,长度为1.5~10mm;圆台形搅拌针的根部直径为 4~8mm,顶部直径为2~6mm,长度为1~15mm。The friction stir processing device adopts existing equipment, including a shaft shoulder and a stirring needle connected in sequence, wherein the shaft shoulder is cylindrical, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 12-18 mm; the stirring needle is cylindrical, conical or truncated; cylindrical The diameter of the stirring needle is 4 to 8 mm and the length is 0.5 to 4 mm; the diameter of the root of the conical stirring needle is 2 to 6 mm and the length of 1.5 to 10 mm; the diameter of the root of the circular cone-shaped stirring needle is 4 to 8 mm, and the diameter of the top is 2 to 6 mm. , the length is 1 ~ 15mm.

所述搅拌摩擦加工的搅拌头转速为400~2000r/min,搅拌头前进速度为 50~400mm/min。The rotational speed of the stirring head of the friction stir processing is 400-2000 r/min, and the forward speed of the stirring head is 50-400 mm/min.

以下给出本发明的具体实施例,需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实施例中,凡在本申请技术方案基础上做的等同变换均落入本发明的保护范围。Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent transformations made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application fall into the protection scope of the present invention.

实施例1Example 1

遵从上述技术方案,本实施例中给出一种层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢的制备方法,以淬火配分钢板为基板,以层错能调控粉末为增强项,将所述的层错能调控粉末填充于基板表面开设的非贯穿型孔洞中,然后在填充了层错能调控粉末的基板表面进行搅拌摩擦加工,得到层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢。Following the above technical solution, a method for preparing a quenched and partitioned steel with a gradient distribution of stacking fault energy is provided in this embodiment. The quenched and partitioned steel plate is used as the substrate, and the stacking fault energy regulation powder is used as the enhancement item. The powder is filled in the non-penetrating holes opened on the surface of the substrate, and then friction stir processing is performed on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder to obtain a quenched and partitioned steel with a gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy.

本实施例中,基板选用厚度为1.5mm的QP1180淬火配分钢板,层错能调控粉末采用纯度为99.9%的6层石墨烯粉末,基板的化学成分及化学成分的质量含量为:C:0.19%、Si:1.7%、Mn:2.7%、P:0.015%、Fe:95.39%。In this embodiment, QP1180 quenched and distributed steel plate with a thickness of 1.5 mm is used as the substrate, and the stacking fault energy control powder is 6-layer graphene powder with a purity of 99.9%. The chemical composition of the substrate and the mass content of the chemical composition are: C: 0.19% , Si: 1.7%, Mn: 2.7%, P: 0.015%, Fe: 95.39%.

首先,准备尺寸为210mm×96mm×1.5mm的QP1180淬火配分钢基板并进行预处理,预处理是指机械打磨去除锈迹并用丙酮清洗表面去除油污。First, a QP1180 quenched and distributed steel substrate with a size of 210mm×96mm×1.5mm was prepared and pretreated. Pretreatment refers to mechanical grinding to remove rust and cleaning the surface with acetone to remove oil.

设定孔洞直径为2mm,孔洞深度为为0.5mm,打孔长度为200mm。Set the hole diameter to 2mm, the hole depth to 0.5mm, and the hole length to 200mm.

然后,根据基板的化学成分采用现有的正规溶液热力学模型确定基板的层错能为-15.8mJ/m2,根据基板的变形机制与层错能分类,基板属于小于12mJ/m2的相变变形机制,基板层错能的调控范围为12~18mJ/m2Then, according to the chemical composition of the substrate, the existing regular solution thermodynamic model is used to determine the stacking fault energy of the substrate to be -15.8mJ /m 2 . For the deformation mechanism, the control range of the substrate stacking fault energy is 12-18 mJ/m 2 .

将上述参数带入现有的热力学模型和规则固溶体模型中,确定碳粉的对应元素,即碳元素在制得的层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢中的质量含量为 2.71~2.91%。The above parameters are brought into the existing thermodynamic model and regular solid solution model to determine the corresponding element of carbon powder, that is, the mass content of carbon element in the prepared stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching partition steel is 2.71-2.91%.

本实施例中,采用本发明的制备方法制备横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢,碳粉在制得的层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢中的质量含量为2.71~2.91%。基板中的碳元素质量含量为0.19%,基板密度为7.86g/cm3,孔洞直径为2mm,基板上搅拌摩擦加工区域的长度为200mm,层错能调控粉末密度为 3.7g/cm3,确定的孔洞数量为5~6个。In this embodiment, the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching and partitioning steel is prepared by the preparation method of the present invention, and the mass content of carbon powder in the prepared stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching and partitioning steel is 2.71-2.91%. The mass content of carbon in the substrate is 0.19%, the density of the substrate is 7.86g/cm 3 , the diameter of the hole is 2mm, the length of the friction stir processing area on the substrate is 200mm, and the density of the powder controlled by stacking fault energy is 3.7g/cm 3 . The number of holes is 5 to 6.

如图2所示,在基板上制备的非贯穿型孔洞的列数为8列,从而形成 8道次加工区,每个加工区的宽度为12mm,第1、3、5、7列的加工区中每列的孔洞数量为5个,孔洞间距为42mm,第2、4、6、8列的加工区中,每列的孔洞数量为6个,孔洞间距为35mm。As shown in Figure 2, the number of rows of non-penetrating holes prepared on the substrate is 8, thus forming 8-pass processing areas, the width of each processing area is 12mm, and the processing of the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th rows The number of holes in each column in the area is 5, and the hole spacing is 42mm. In the processing area of the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th columns, the number of holes in each column is 6, and the hole spacing is 35mm.

最后,将碳粉末填充于基板表面开设的非贯穿型孔洞中,然后在填充了层错能调控粉末的基板表面进行搅拌摩擦加工,得到横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢。Finally, the carbon powder is filled in the non-penetrating holes opened on the surface of the substrate, and then friction stir processing is performed on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder to obtain a transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching partition steel.

具体的搅拌摩擦加工参数包括:搅拌头旋转速度800r/min,搅拌头前进速度300mm/min,搅拌针直径6mm,轴间直径12mm。The specific friction stir processing parameters include: the rotation speed of the stirring head is 800 r/min, the forward speed of the stirring head is 300 mm/min, the diameter of the stirring needle is 6 mm, and the diameter between the shafts is 12 mm.

实验结果:Experimental results:

从本实施例中制得的横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢钢板上截取尺寸为 32mm×6mm的拉伸试样,然后检测钢板的整体性能,再制备尺寸为 4mm×2mm的第一列加工区局部拉伸试样和第二列加工区局部拉伸试样,并分别进行性能检测,结果如下表所示:Tensile specimens with a size of 32 mm × 6 mm were taken from the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched and partitioned steel plate prepared in this example, and then the overall properties of the steel plate were tested, and the first row of processing zones with a size of 4 mm × 2 mm were prepared. The local tensile specimens and the local tensile specimens in the processing area of the second column were tested for performance respectively. The results are shown in the following table:

表1:横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢的性能对比Table 1: Performance comparison of transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steels

抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服强度Yield Strength 延伸率Elongation 层错能stacking fault energy 第一列first row 1521MPa1521MPa 1085MPa1085MPa 24.4%24.4% 15.3mJ/m<sup>2</sup>15.3mJ/m<sup>2</sup> 第二列the second list 1543MPa1543MPa 1141MPa1141MPa 23.5%23.5% 14.3mJ/m<sup>2</sup>14.3mJ/m<sup>2</sup>

实验结果表明:制备的横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢板上孔洞数为5的第一列的层错能为15.3mJ/m2,抗拉强度和屈服强度较低,但塑性较高;钢板上孔洞数为6的第二列的层错能为14.3mJ/m2,抗拉强度和屈服强度高,塑性稍差。整个板材沿横向实现了层错能的梯度化,性能也达到梯度效果。The experimental results show that the stacking fault energy of the first column with 5 holes on the prepared transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel plate is 15.3 mJ/m 2 , the tensile strength and yield strength are low, but the plasticity is high; The stacking fault energy of the second row with 6 holes is 14.3 mJ/m 2 , the tensile strength and yield strength are high, and the plasticity is slightly poor. The whole plate realizes the gradient of stacking fault energy along the transverse direction, and the performance also achieves the gradient effect.

实施例2Example 2

如图2所示,本实施例与实施例1的区别在于,本实施例采用本发明的制备方法,制备得到一种纵向梯度层错能淬火配分钢。As shown in FIG. 2 , the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment adopts the preparation method of the present invention to prepare a longitudinally gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel.

碳元素在制得的层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢中的质量含量为 2.71~2.91%。基板中的碳元素质量含量为0.19%,基板长、宽、厚分别为210mm、96mm、1.5mm,孔洞直径为1mm,R为8.314J/mol,T为700℃, E为140J/mol,J为1.9mol/m2,D0为2.0×10-4m2/s,t为15s。然后按照本发明方法,得到孔洞间距的计算结果为14~16,取整后孔洞间距为10mm 或20mm,然后在搅拌加工完成后,分别对孔洞间距为10mm的和孔洞间距为20mm的区域采集试样进行性能检测。The mass content of carbon element in the prepared quenched and partitioned steel with stacking fault energy gradient distribution is 2.71-2.91%. The mass content of carbon element in the substrate is 0.19%, the length, width and thickness of the substrate are 210mm, 96mm and 1.5mm respectively, the hole diameter is 1mm, R is 8.314J/mol, T is 700℃, E is 140J/mol, J is 1.9 mol/m 2 , D 0 is 2.0×10 -4 m 2 /s, and t is 15s. Then according to the method of the present invention, the calculated result of the hole spacing is 14-16, and the hole spacing after rounding is 10mm or 20mm. Sample for performance testing.

表2:纵向梯度层错能淬火配分钢性能对比Table 2: Comparison of properties of longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steels

孔距Hole spacing 抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服强度Yield Strength 延伸率Elongation 层错能stacking fault energy 1mm1mm 1192MPa1192MPa 1047MPa1047MPa 8%8% 18mJ/m<sup>2</sup>18mJ/m<sup>2</sup> 2mm2mm 1532MPa1532MPa 858MPa858MPa 28%28% 14.5mJ/m<sup>2</sup>14.5mJ/m<sup>2</sup>

实验结果:Experimental results:

如表3和表4所示,通过检测发现,试样局部区域内的纵向碳元素含量不同,且淬火配分钢在纵向10mm间距区域屈服强度高、抗拉和塑性较差,而纵向20mm间距区域屈服强度低,抗拉强度和塑性高,说明本实施例制得的纵向梯度层错能淬火配分钢在性能上呈现梯度变化。As shown in Table 3 and Table 4, it is found through testing that the longitudinal carbon content in the local area of the sample is different, and the quenched partition steel has high yield strength, poor tensile and plasticity in the longitudinal 10mm spacing area, and 20mm longitudinal spacing area. The yield strength is low, and the tensile strength and plasticity are high, indicating that the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel prepared in this example presents a gradient change in properties.

表3:实施例2中孔洞间距2mm处区域能谱分析检测元素含量分布表;Table 3: The distribution table of the element content distribution table of regional energy spectrum analysis detection at the hole spacing 2mm in Example 2;

元素名称element name 百分含量(%)Percentage (%) 均方误差mean squared error FeFe 93.793.7 0.60.6 MnMn 2.72.7 0.40.4 CC 2.12.1 0.50.5 SiSi 1.51.5 0.10.1 PP 0.00.0 0.1 0.1

表4:为实施例1中孔洞间距2mm处区域能谱分析检测元素含量分布表。Table 4: is the distribution table of element content detected by regional energy spectrum analysis at the hole spacing of 2 mm in Example 1.

元素名称element name 百分含量(%)Percentage (%) 均方误差mean squared error FeFe 89.889.8 0.80.8 MnMn 2.72.7 0.40.4 CC 4.94.9 0.50.5 SiSi 1.71.7 0.20.2 SS 0.10.1 0.1 0.1

实施例3Example 3

本实施例与实施例1的区别在于:基板选择厚度为2mm的980淬火配分钢,基材上非贯穿型孔洞的孔洞间距为10mm,制备得到均一淬火配分钢,其性能检测结果如下:The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: the substrate selects 980 quenched and partitioned steel with a thickness of 2 mm, and the distance between the non-penetrating holes on the substrate is 10 mm. The uniform quenched and partitioned steel is prepared, and the performance test results are as follows:

抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服强度Yield Strength 延伸率Elongation 层错能stacking fault energy 1016MPa1016MPa 997MPa997MPa 14%14% 19mJ/m<sup>2</sup>19mJ/m<sup>2</sup>

对比例1Comparative Example 1

本对比例与实施例1的区别在于:未在淬火配分钢基板上开设非贯穿型孔洞,未填充层错能调控粉末,直接在基板上进行搅拌摩擦加工,然后对加工后的基板进行性能检测,得到如图1所示的工程应力应变曲线。The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no non-penetrating holes are formed on the quenched and partitioned steel substrate, no stacking fault energy control powder is filled, friction stir processing is directly performed on the substrate, and then the performance of the processed substrate is tested. , the engineering stress-strain curve shown in Figure 1 is obtained.

对比例2Comparative Example 2

本对比例与实施例1的区别在于:本对比例中所用的钢材为常规淬火配分工艺制备的淬火配分钢基板,未进行搅拌摩擦加工直接对淬火配分钢基板进行性能检测,得到如图1所示的工程应力应变曲线。The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the steel used in this comparative example is a quenched and partitioned steel substrate prepared by a conventional quenching and partitioning process, and the quenched and partitioned steel substrate is directly tested for performance without friction stir processing, as shown in Figure 1. The engineering stress-strain curve shown.

由图1可以看出,实施例1制备的横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢的强度和塑性远高于对比例1中未进行元素调控层错得到的加工后钢材的强度和塑性,也远高于对比例2中所用的市购的冶金制备的淬火配分钢的强度,说明实施例1制备的横向梯度层错能淬配分钢的强度远高于冶金法制备的同类钢板,强塑性更是高于不进行层错能调控、单一搅拌摩擦加工制备的钢板。It can be seen from Figure 1 that the strength and ductility of the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel prepared in Example 1 are much higher than those of the processed steel obtained in Comparative Example 1 without element-controlled stacking faults, and are also much higher. Regarding the strength of the commercially available metallurgically prepared quenched and partitioned steel used in Comparative Example 2, it is shown that the strength of the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched and partitioned steel prepared in Example 1 is much higher than that of the same kind of steel plate prepared by metallurgical methods, and the strength and plasticity are even higher. For steel plates prepared by single friction stir processing without stacking fault energy regulation.

对比例3Comparative Example 3

本对比例与实施例1的区别在于:孔洞直径为2.8mm,孔深为1mm,打孔个数10个。The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the hole diameter is 2.8 mm, the hole depth is 1 mm, and the number of punched holes is 10.

检测结果如下The test results are as follows

抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服强度Yield Strength 延伸率Elongation 层错能stacking fault energy 1203MPa1203MPa 839MPa839MPa 3.8%3.8% 37mJ/m<sup>2</sup>37mJ/m<sup>2</sup>

本对比例由于孔洞直径大于2mm,调控层错能超出了12-18mJ/m2的范围,因此,与实施例1制得的横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢相比,本对比例制得的横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢的强度和塑性均较差。Since the diameter of the holes in this comparative example is greater than 2 mm, the stacking fault energy is beyond the range of 12-18 mJ/m 2 . Therefore, compared with the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel prepared in Example 1, the The strength and plasticity of the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenched partition steel are poor.

对比例4Comparative Example 4

本对比例与实施例1的区别在于,添加的层错能调控粉末为Si粉末。然后对加工后得到的淬火配分钢进行性能检测,检测结果如下:The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the added stacking fault energy control powder is Si powder. Then, the properties of the quenched and partitioned steel obtained after processing are tested, and the test results are as follows:

抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服强度Yield Strength 延伸率Elongation 层错能stacking fault energy 796MPa796MPa 736MPa736MPa 2.5%2.5% -11.2mJ/m<sup>2</sup>-11.2mJ/m<sup>2</sup>

本对比例中所使用的Si粉,不能增加层错能,未能制得横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢,所制备的板材性能也远低于实施例1得到的横向梯度层错能淬火配分钢的性能。The Si powder used in this comparative example cannot increase the stacking fault energy, and the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching partition steel cannot be prepared, and the properties of the prepared sheet are far lower than the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching partition obtained in Example 1. properties of steel.

对比例5Comparative Example 5

为了更好地验证本方法的有效性,对比例5参照已公开专利申请CN 112280941A中热处理调控贝氏体层错能的方案,对淬火配分钢进行了热处理,淬火配分钢化学成分及尺寸同实施例1。In order to better verify the effectiveness of the method, in Comparative Example 5, referring to the scheme of heat treatment to control the bainite stacking fault energy in the published patent application CN 112280941A, heat treatment was performed on the quenched partition steel, and the chemical composition and size of the quenched partition steel were the same as the implementation. example 1.

热处理的步骤为:The steps of heat treatment are:

1、加热至950℃保温180s;1. Heat to 950℃ for 180s;

2、降温到200℃保温30s;2. Cool down to 200℃ and keep warm for 30s;

3、再加热到380℃保温300s;3. Reheat to 380℃ for 300s;

4、最后随炉冷却至室温。4. Finally, cool down to room temperature with the furnace.

然后对热处理加工后得到的淬火配分钢进行性能检测,检测结果如下:Then, the properties of the quenched and partitioned steel obtained after heat treatment are tested, and the test results are as follows:

抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服强度Yield Strength 延伸率Elongation 层错能stacking fault energy 热处理前Before heat treatment 1084MPa1084MPa 710MPa710MPa 22%twenty two% -15.8mJ/m<sup>2</sup>-15.8mJ/m<sup>2</sup> 热处理后After heat treatment 697MPa697MPa 453MPa453MPa 26%26% 20mJ/m<sup>2</sup>20mJ/m<sup>2</sup>

本对比例采用热处理工艺试图调节层错能制备层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢,结果表明,热处理方法层错能控制不精确,导致最后得到淬火配分钢的性能远低于实施例1制得的淬火配分钢的性能,并无法达到性能梯度的目标。In this comparative example, the heat treatment process was used to try to adjust the stacking fault energy to prepare the quenched partition steel with gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy. The properties of quenched and partitioned steel cannot achieve the goal of property gradient.

综上所述,常规热处理和只进行搅拌摩擦焊接都无法精确控制淬火配分钢钢板的层错能,从而导致钢板性能差;而使用过大的孔洞直径或加入非提高层错能粉末,也会导致层错能调控失败,制备的钢板性能差。本方法能制备出层错能梯度分布淬火配分钢,在整个钢板上性能呈梯度分布。如实施例1中,第一道次加工处屈服低、塑性好;第二道次加工处强度更高、塑性稍差。To sum up, conventional heat treatment and only friction stir welding cannot accurately control the stacking fault energy of quenched and partitioned steel plates, resulting in poor performance of the steel plate; while using an excessively large hole diameter or adding non-improving stacking fault energy powder will also As a result, the stacking fault energy control fails, and the prepared steel sheet has poor performance. The method can prepare stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenched partition steel, and the properties are distributed in gradient on the whole steel plate. As in Example 1, the first pass has low yield and good plasticity; the second pass has higher strength and slightly poorer plasticity.

因此,本方法制备的淬火配分钢能更好地适用于汽车车身强塑性要求差异大的位置,如,防撞梁和车架连接处,令强度更高的区域位于车架处,塑性更高的区域位于防撞梁处。Therefore, the quenched and partitioned steel prepared by this method can be better applied to the position where the strong plasticity requirements of the automobile body are greatly different, such as the connection between the anti-collision beam and the frame, so that the area with higher strength is located at the frame, and the plasticity is higher. The area is located at the crash beam.

以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above-mentioned embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, These simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。In addition, the various embodiments of the present invention can also be combined arbitrarily, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed in the present invention.

[1]吝章国,陈家泳,唐荻,江海涛,段晓鸽.基于层错能的中锰Q&P钢变形机制研究[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(02):140-146。[1] Lin Zhangguo, Chen Jiayong, Tang Di, Jiang Haitao, Duan Xiaoge. Study on the deformation mechanism of medium manganese Q&P steel based on stacking fault energy [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2016,44 (02): 140-146.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of fault energy is characterized in that a quenching distribution steel plate is used as a substrate, a fault energy regulating powder is used as an enhancement item, the fault energy regulating powder is filled in a non-through hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then stirring friction processing is carried out on the surface of the substrate filled with the fault energy regulating powder to obtain the quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of fault energy;
the stacking fault energy regulating powder comprises one or more of C powder, Mn powder or Al powder;
the particle size of the stacking fault energy regulation powder is 1-50 mu m, and the purity of the stacking fault energy regulation powder is not less than 99%;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, determining the stacking fault energy of a substrate according to the chemical components of the substrate by using a quenching distribution steel plate as the substrate; determining the adjustment and control range of the stacking fault energy of the substrate according to the deformation mechanism and the stacking fault energy classification of the substrate; determining the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating powder in the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel according to the stacking fault energy regulating range of the substrate;
step 2, regulating and controlling the mass content of the powder in the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy according to the stacking fault energy determined in the step 1, determining the number and the intervals of non-penetrating holes formed in the substrate when preparing the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel or the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel, and then finishing hole making on the pretreated substrate;
when the transverse gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the number of the non-penetrating holes arranged on the base plate is in gradient distribution along the vertical rolling direction, so that when the longitudinal gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the spacing of the non-penetrating holes arranged on the base plate is in gradient distribution along the rolling direction;
step 3, filling the reinforcing item into a non-penetrating hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then performing friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder to obtain stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel;
the adjustment and control range of the stacking fault energy is 12-18mJ/m 2 The mass content of the fault energy regulating powder in the fault energy quenching distribution steel is 0.0218-6.69%.
2. The method for producing a transverse gradient fault energy gradient distribution quenched distribution steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of holes is calculated by the following formula:
Figure 847602DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein M is the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder in the quenching distribution steel with stacking fault energy gradient distribution, and M is Base of Regulating the mass content of corresponding elements of the powder in a substrate for the purpose of stacking fault energy, wherein a is the length of the substrate and is expressed in mm, b is the diameter between shafts of a stirring pin in stirring friction processing and is expressed in mm, c is the thickness of the substrate and is expressed in mm, d is the diameter of a hole and is expressed in mm, h is the depth of the hole and is expressed in mm, L is the length of a stirring friction processing area on the substrate and is expressed in mm, n is the number of the holes and is expressed in unit, rho Powder The density of the powder is regulated and controlled by the stacking fault energy, and the unit is g/cm 3 ,ρ Base of Is the substrate density in g/cm 3
3. The method for producing a fault energy gradient distribution quenched distribution steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pitch of the holes is calculated by the following formula when producing the longitudinal gradient fault energy quenched distribution steel:
Figure 158498DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein M is the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder in the quenching distribution steel with stacking fault energy gradient distribution, and M is Base of The mass content of corresponding elements of the powder in the substrate is regulated and controlled by the stacking fault energy, f is the space between holes and has the unit of mm, D 0 Regulating the diffusion constant of the powder by using the stacking fault energy, regulating the diffusion activation energy of the powder by using the stacking fault energy, wherein R is a thermodynamic constant and takes the value of 8.314J/mol, T is the welding temperature in friction stir processing, the unit is K, J is the material flux and the unit is mol/m 2
4. The method for preparing the fault energy gradient distribution quenched distribution steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the stirring head in the friction stir processing is 400-2000 r/min, and the advancing speed of the stirring head is 50-400 mm/min.
5. The quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy, which is prepared by the preparation method of the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy takes quenching distribution steel as a substrate, stacking fault energy regulating powder as an enhancement item, the stacking fault energy regulating powder is filled in a non-through hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder is subjected to stirring friction processing to obtain the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy.
6. The application of the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy, prepared by the preparation method of the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in automobile body parts.
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