CN114507803B - Quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of fault energy, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of fault energy, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel, which comprises the steps of filling non-penetrating holes formed in the surface of a substrate with a quenching distribution steel plate as the substrate and fault energy regulating and controlling powder as an enhancement item, and then carrying out friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the fault energy regulating and controlling powder to obtain the fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel. The invention also discloses the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy and application thereof. The invention prepares the quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy by changing the deformation mechanism of the quenching distribution steel, introduces one or more of C powder, Mn powder or Al powder into a substrate through stirring friction processing to improve the stacking fault energy of the local area of the quenching distribution steel, so that the deformation mechanism of the quenching distribution steel is changed from single phase transformation into phase transformation and twinning, thereby achieving the purpose of high-strength plasticity, and the prepared quenching distribution steel has the characteristic of gradient stacking fault energy and is more suitable for being used under the condition of complex working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel material processing, and particularly relates to a fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel, a preparation method and application.
Background
Compared with aluminum and magnesium alloy, the steel not only has higher yield and tensile strength, but also has the advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the automobile body manufacturing industry. However, because the application conditions of the automobile body are complex, the performance requirements of steel materials used at different parts of the automobile body often have great differences, for example, the anti-collision beam of the automobile body is required to have better impact toughness, and the upper cover is required to have better high strength. Therefore, in the conventional manufacturing process, steel plates with different brands are generally welded or riveted, and the steel plates with proper and low price are spliced for use. Materials connected in such a way are often out of service in a weld heat affected zone, so that the service life of the materials is shortened, and inconvenience is brought. Therefore, it is needed to prepare the quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy, which adopts different deformation mechanisms in different areas, so as to achieve the goal of different properties of the steel areas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical requirements, the invention provides quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of fault energy, a preparation method and application, and the local fault energy of the quenching distribution steel is improved by regulating and controlling chemical components in steel so as to solve the technical problem that steel with different regional properties is lacked in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel comprises the steps of filling a non-penetrating hole formed in the surface of a base plate with a quenching distribution steel plate as the base plate and fault energy regulating and controlling powder as an enhancement item, and then carrying out stirring friction processing on the surface of the base plate filled with the fault energy regulating and controlling powder to obtain the fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
specifically, the stacking fault energy control powder comprises one or more of C powder, Mn powder, or Al powder.
Furthermore, the particle size of the stacking fault energy regulating powder is 1-50 μm, and the purity of the stacking fault energy regulating powder is not less than 99%.
Furthermore, the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, determining the stacking fault energy of a substrate according to the chemical components of the substrate; determining the adjustment and control range of the stacking fault energy of the substrate according to the deformation mechanism and the stacking fault energy classification of the substrate; determining the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating powder in the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel according to the stacking fault energy regulating range of the substrate;
step 2, regulating and controlling the mass content of the powder in the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy according to the stacking fault energy determined in the step 1, determining the number and the intervals of non-penetrating holes formed in the substrate when preparing the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel or the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel, and then finishing hole making on the pretreated substrate;
and 3, filling the reinforcing item into a non-penetrating hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then performing friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder to obtain the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel.
Furthermore, the range of the adjustment and control of the stacking fault energy is 12-18mJ/m 2 The mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating powder in the stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel is 0.0218-6.69%.
Furthermore, when the transverse gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the number of the holes is calculated by the following formula:
wherein M is the quality content of the fault energy regulating powder in the fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel, and M is Base of The mass content of the corresponding elements of the powder in the substrate is regulated and controlled by the stacking fault energy, a is the length of the substrate and is in mm, b is the diameter between shafts of a stirring pin in the stirring friction processing and is in mm, c is the thickness of the substrate and is in mm, d is the diameter of a hole and is in mm,h is the hole depth in mm, L is the length of the friction stir processing area on the substrate in mm, n is the number of holes in units of p Powder The density of the powder is regulated and controlled by the stacking fault energy, and the unit is g/cm 3 ，ρ Base of Is the substrate density in g/cm 3 。
Furthermore, when the longitudinal gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the space between the holes is calculated by the following formula:
wherein M is the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder in the quenching distribution steel with stacking fault energy gradient distribution, and M is Base of The mass content of corresponding elements of the powder in the substrate is regulated and controlled by the stacking fault energy, f is the space between holes and has the unit of mm, D 0 Regulating the diffusion constant of the powder by using the stacking fault energy, regulating the diffusion activation energy of the powder by using the stacking fault energy, wherein R is a thermodynamic constant and takes the value of 8.314J/mol, T is the welding temperature in friction stir processing, and J is the material flux and takes the unit of mol/m 2 。
Furthermore, the rotating speed of the stirring head for the friction stir processing is 400-2000 r/min, and the advancing speed of the stirring head is 50-400 mm/min.
The invention also discloses the gradient quenching distribution steel prepared by the preparation method. The quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy takes the quenching distribution steel as a substrate, takes stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder as an enhancement item, fills the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder into a non-through hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then carries out friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder to obtain the quenching distribution steel.
The invention also discloses application of the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy prepared by the preparation method in automobile body parts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method prepares the gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel by changing the deformation mechanism of the quenching distribution steel, and introduces one or more of C powder, Mn powder or Al powder into the quenching distribution steel as stacking fault energy regulating powder through stirring friction processing, so that the deformation mechanism of the quenching distribution steel is changed from single phase change into phase change and twinning, thereby improving the stacking fault energy of the local area of the existing quenching distribution steel and achieving the purpose of high-strength plasticity.
(2) The conventional method for regulating the stacking fault energy can only regulate the stacking fault energy of the whole plate, and although the stacking fault energy can be changed, the mechanical property of the plate is not improved by improving a deformation mechanism, but the steel performance is still improved by reinforcing the dislocation. The method uses the regulated and controlled stacking fault energy powder as a reinforcing item to achieve local and accurate regulation and control of the stacking fault energy, and improves the mechanical property of the steel by changing the deformation mechanism of the steel.
(3) Compared with the traditional metal material processing method, namely equal-channel angular extrusion and high-pressure torsion, the stirring friction processing technology used by the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, low cost, environment friendliness, quickness, effectiveness and the like.
(4) The mechanical property of the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy prepared by the invention is obviously improved compared with that of similar steel products purchased in the market.
(5) The quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy prepared by the method is particularly suitable for application of automobile body parts with greatly different performance requirements, has wider application prospect and has strong popularization and use values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an engineering stress-strain curve of 2 prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the production of transverse gradient fault energy quenched steel of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the preparation of a longitudinal gradient fault energy quenched distribution steel in example 2.
Detailed Description
In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, including by addition, deletion, modification, etc., without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The technical terms related to the present invention are explained as follows:
gradient of stacking fault energy: refers to the phenomenon that the material shows gradient distribution on the stacking fault energy along a certain direction.
Quenching and proportioning steel: the steel is treated by quenching-carbon distribution, and the mechanical property range of the quenched distribution steel can usually reach 800-1500 MPa of tensile strength and 15-40% of elongation.
Transverse gradient: the transverse direction in the scheme refers to the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the quenching distribution steel plate, the stacking fault energy of each transverse processing pass on the quenching distribution steel plate is in gradient distribution, at the moment, the hole spacing is a fixed value, the diffusion quantity of the reinforcing elements is the same in the same processing time, and the content of the reinforcing elements is uniform in the same processing pass. Therefore, when the transverse gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the overall mass ratio is used for calculating the number of holes.
Longitudinal gradient: the longitudinal direction in the scheme refers to the rolling direction of the quenching distribution steel plate, at the moment, the fault energy of each processing pass on the quenching distribution steel plate along the longitudinal direction is distributed in a gradient mode, and the hole space is not a fixed value. The diffusion amount of the elements of the stacking fault energy control powder is different at different intervals and in the same processing time, and the element content of the stacking fault energy control powder is non-uniform in the same processing pass. Therefore, when longitudinal gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the overall mass ratio cannot be used, and the hole spacing can be calculated by adopting a diffusion rate formula.
It should be noted that the hole pitch in the present invention refers to the distance between the centers of the holes.
The performance of steel and the deformation mechanism thereof have an inseparable relationship, and the deformation mechanism is divided into four types according to the stacking fault energy: 1. the stacking fault energy is less than 12mJ/m 2 The deformation mechanism of the material is mainly phase change; 2. the stacking fault energy is 12 to 18mJ/m 2 Within the range, the deformation mechanism is mainly phase transition and twinning; 3. the stacking fault energy is 18 to 35mJ/m 2 Within the range, the twinning mechanism predominates; 4. the stacking fault energy is 35mJ/m 2 In the above, the main deformation mechanism is dislocation glide. The transformation can improve the work hardening rate, and twinning is beneficial to plasticity. The fault energy of the quenching distribution steel is 12mJ/m 2 Hereinafter, the deformation mechanism is a single transformation, and therefore, the quenching distribution steel plasticity is far inferior to the twinning induced plasticity steel of the twinning deformation mechanism. In the scheme, the element content is adopted to improve the fault energy, and the fault energy of the quenching distribution steel is improved to 12-18mJ/m 2 Within the range, thereby improving the strong plasticity of the steel.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel, which comprises the steps of filling a non-penetrating hole formed in the surface of a substrate with a quenching distribution steel plate as the substrate and fault energy regulating powder as an enhancement item, and then carrying out friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the fault energy regulating powder to obtain the fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel.
Preferably, the stacking fault energy-regulating powder includes one of C powder, Mn powder, or Al powder.
Preferably, the particle size of the stacking fault energy control powder is 1 to 50 μm, and the purity of the stacking fault energy control powder is not less than 99%.
Comprises the following specific steps of the following steps,
step 1, determining the stacking fault energy of a substrate according to the chemical components of the substrate; determining the adjustment and control range of the stacking fault energy of the substrate according to the deformation mechanism and the stacking fault energy classification of the substrate; determining the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating powder in the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel according to the stacking fault energy regulating range of the substrate;
step 2, regulating and controlling the mass content of powder in the quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy according to the stacking fault energy determined in the step 1, determining the number and the intervals of non-penetrating holes formed in the substrate after determining that the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel or the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, and then finishing hole making on the pretreated substrate;
the substrate pretreatment specifically comprises the steps of polishing the surface of a quenching and distributing steel substrate by using sand paper before processing to ensure that the surface roughness Ra of the substrate is less than or equal to 10 mu m, cleaning the polished surface by using acetone to remove oil stains, oxides and impurities on the surface of a metal plate, and finally drying.
Preferably, when the transverse gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the number of the holes is calculated by the following formula:
wherein M is the mass content of the fault energy regulating powder in the fault energy quenching distribution steel, and M is Base of Regulating the mass content of corresponding elements in the base plate for the fault energy, wherein a is the length of the base plate and is expressed in mm, b is the diameter between shafts of a stirring pin in the stirring friction processing and is expressed in mm, c is the thickness of the base plate and is expressed in mm, d is the diameter of a hole and is expressed in mm, h is the depth of the hole and is expressed in mm, L is the length of a stirring friction processing area on the base plate and is expressed in mm, n is the number of the holes and is expressed in unit, rho is Powder The density of the powder is regulated and controlled by the stacking fault energy, and the unit is g/cm 3 ，ρ Base of Is the substrate density in g/cm 3 。
The adjustment and control range of the stacking fault energy is 12-18mJ/m 2 The mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating powder in the stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel is 0.0218-6.69%.
The mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating powder in the stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel can be determined through the stacking fault energy regulating range by using the conventional thermodynamic model and the regular solid solution model. Wherein the adjustment range of the stacking fault energy in the substrate is determined to be 12-18mJ/m 2 Because the quenching distribution steel belongs to low-alloy high-strength steel, the mass ratio of each element in the alloy does not exceed the content ratio of the C element in the steel materialThe initial range of the mass content of the fault energy regulating powder in the fault energy quenching distribution steel is limited by taking the minimum C content of 0.0218% in the steel material as the lower limit of the mass content of the fault energy regulating powder in the fault energy quenching distribution steel and taking the maximum C content of 6.69% as the mass content of the fault energy regulating powder in the fault energy quenching distribution steel.
Preferably, when the longitudinal gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the spacing of the holes is calculated by the following formula:
wherein M is the mass content of the fault energy regulating powder in the fault energy quenching distribution steel, and M is Base of The mass content of corresponding elements of the powder in the substrate is regulated and controlled by the stacking fault energy, f is the space between holes and has the unit of mm, D 0 The diffusion constant of the powder is regulated by the stacking fault energy, the diffusion activation energy of the powder is regulated by the stacking fault energy, R is a thermodynamic constant with the value of 8.314J/mol, T is the welding temperature in friction stir processing, and the unit is the temperature, J is the material flux and the unit is mol/m 2 。
Preferably, the thickness of the substrate is 1 to 3mm, the diameter of the holes is 1 to 2.5mm, and the depth of the holes is 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
And 3, filling the reinforcing item into a non-penetrating hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then performing friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder to obtain the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel.
The friction stir processing device adopts the existing equipment and comprises a shaft shoulder and a stirring needle which are sequentially connected, wherein the shaft shoulder is cylindrical, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 12-18 mm; the stirring pin is cylindrical, conical or truncated cone-shaped; the diameter of the cylindrical stirring pin is 4-8 mm, and the length of the cylindrical stirring pin is 0.5-4 mm; the diameter of the root part of the conical stirring pin is 2-6 mm, and the length of the conical stirring pin is 1.5-10 mm; the root diameter of the round table-shaped stirring pin is 4-8 mm, the top diameter is 2-6 mm, and the length is 1-15 mm.
The rotating speed of the stirring head for friction stir processing is 400-2000 r/min, and the advancing speed of the stirring head is 50-400 mm/min.
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
According to the technical scheme, the preparation method of the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy is provided in the embodiment, the quenching distribution steel plate is used as a substrate, the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder is used as an enhancing item, the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder is filled in a non-penetrating hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then stirring friction processing is performed on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder, so that the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy is obtained.
In this embodiment, the QP1180 quenching partition steel plate with a thickness of 1.5mm is selected for the substrate, the stacking fault energy regulating powder is 6 layers of graphene powder with a purity of 99.9%, and the chemical components of the substrate and the mass contents of the chemical components are as follows: 0.19% of C, 1.7% of Si, 2.7% of Mn, 0.015% of P and 95.39% of Fe.
Firstly, QP1180 quenching partitioning steel substrates with the size of 210mm multiplied by 96mm multiplied by 1.5mm are prepared and pretreated, wherein the pretreatment is that rust is removed by mechanical polishing and the surface is cleaned by acetone to remove oil stains.
The diameter of the hole is set to be 2mm, the depth of the hole is set to be 0.5mm, and the punching length is set to be 200 mm.
Then, the substrate was determined to have a stacking fault energy of-15.8 mJ/m based on the chemical composition of the substrate using the conventional normal thermodynamic model of solution 2 The substrates belong to less than 12mJ/m according to their deformation mechanism and stacking fault energy classification 2 The phase change deformation mechanism has a substrate layer fault energy regulation range of 12-18mJ/m 2 。
And (3) substituting the parameters into the existing thermodynamic model and regular solid solution model, and determining the corresponding elements of the carbon powder, namely the mass content of carbon elements in the prepared quenching distribution steel with the stacking fault energy gradient distribution is 2.71-2.91%.
In this example, the beam was prepared by the preparation method of the present inventionAnd (3) quenching and distributing the steel to the gradient stacking fault energy, wherein the mass content of carbon powder in the prepared quenching and distributing steel with the gradient stacking fault energy is 2.71-2.91%. The mass content of carbon element in the substrate was 0.19%, and the substrate density was 7.86g/cm 3 The diameter of the hole is 2mm, the length of the friction stir processing area on the substrate is 200mm, and the density of the stacking fault energy regulated powder is 3.7g/cm 3 And the number of the determined holes is 5-6.
As shown in fig. 2, the number of rows of non-through holes prepared on the substrate was 8, thereby forming 8 passes of processing zones, each having a width of 12mm, 5 holes per row in the processing zones of the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th rows, and a hole pitch of 42mm, and 6 holes per row in the processing zones of the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and 8 th rows, and a hole pitch of 35 mm.
And finally, filling carbon powder into the non-through holes formed in the surface of the substrate, and then performing friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder to obtain the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel.
The specific friction stir processing parameters include: the rotating speed of the stirring head is 800r/min, the advancing speed of the stirring head is 300mm/min, the diameter of the stirring needle is 6mm, and the diameter between shafts is 12 mm.
The experimental results are as follows:
tensile test specimens with the size of 32mm × 6mm were cut from the transverse gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel plate manufactured in this example, the overall performance of the steel plate was then tested, and the first row of processing area local tensile test specimens and the second row of processing area local tensile test specimens with the size of 4mm × 2mm were prepared and respectively subjected to the performance test, and the results are shown in the following table:
table 1: performance comparison of transverse gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel
| Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Energy of stacking fault | |
| First row | 1521MPa | 1085MPa | 24.4％ | 15.3mJ/m 2 |
| Second column | 1543MPa | 1141MPa | 23.5％ | 14.3mJ/m 2 |
The experimental results show that: the prepared transverse gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel plate has the fault energy of 15.3mJ/m in the first row with the hole number of 5 2 The tensile strength and yield strength are lower, but the plasticity is higher; the second row of holes with the number of 6 on the steel plate has the stacking fault energy of 14.3mJ/m 2 The tensile strength and yield strength are high, and the plasticity is slightly poor. The gradient of the stacking fault energy is realized along the transverse direction of the whole plate, and the performance also achieves the gradient effect.
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 2, the present example is different from example 1 in that a longitudinal gradient fault energy quenching steel is prepared by the preparation method of the present invention.
The mass content of the carbon element in the prepared quenching distribution steel with the stacking fault energy gradient distribution is 2.71-2.91%. The carbon content in the substrate was 0.19% by mass, and the substrate length was longThe width and the thickness are respectively 210mm, 96mm and 1.5mm, the diameter of the hole is 1mm, R is 8.314J/mol, T is 700 ℃, E is 140J/mol, J is 1.9mol/m 2 ，D 0 Is 2.0X 10 -4 m 2 And/s, t is 15 s. Then according to the method, the calculation result of the hole spacing is 14-16, the hole spacing is 10mm or 20mm after the hole spacing is taken, and then after stirring processing is completed, performance detection is carried out on the collected samples in the areas with the hole spacing of 10mm and the hole spacing of 20mm respectively.
Table 2: comparison of properties of longitudinal gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel
| Pitch of holes | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Energy of stacking fault |
| 1mm | 1192MPa | 1047MPa | 8％ | 18mJ/m 2 |
| 2mm | 1532MPa | 858MPa | 28％ | 14.5mJ/m 2 |
The experimental results are as follows:
as shown in tables 3 and 4, through detection, the longitudinal carbon element content in the local area of the sample is different, and the quenching distribution steel has high yield strength and poor tensile strength and plasticity in the longitudinal 10mm interval area, and has low yield strength and high tensile strength and plasticity in the longitudinal 20mm interval area, which shows that the longitudinal gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel prepared by the embodiment shows gradient change in performance.
Table 3: example 2 regional energy spectrum analysis of the hole interval 2mm in the hole detects the element content distribution table;
| element name | Percentage content (%) | Mean square error |
| Fe | 93.7 | 0.6 |
| Mn | 2.7 | 0.4 |
| C | 2.1 | 0.5 |
| Si | 1.5 | 0.1 |
| P | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Table 4: the element content distribution table was examined for the area spectrum analysis at a hole pitch of 2mm in example 1.
| Element name | Percentage content (%) | Mean square error |
| Fe | 89.8 | 0.8 |
| Mn | 2.7 | 0.4 |
| C | 4.9 | 0.5 |
| Si | 1.7 | 0.2 |
| S | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: 980 quenching distribution steel with the thickness of 2mm is selected as the substrate, the hole spacing of the non-through holes on the substrate is 10mm, the uniform quenching distribution steel is prepared, and the performance detection result is as follows:
| tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Energy of stacking fault |
| 1016MPa | 997MPa | 14％ | 19mJ/m 2 |
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: non-through holes are not formed in the quenching distribution steel substrate, the fault energy regulation powder is not filled, stirring friction processing is directly carried out on the substrate, and then performance detection is carried out on the processed substrate, so that the engineering stress-strain curve shown in figure 1 is obtained.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the steel used in the comparative example is a quenched partition steel substrate prepared by a conventional quenching partition process, and the quenched partition steel substrate is directly subjected to performance detection without friction stir processing, so that an engineering stress-strain curve shown in fig. 1 is obtained.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the strength and plasticity of the transverse gradient fault energy quenching steel prepared in example 1 are much higher than those of the processed steel material obtained in comparative example 1 without element regulation and fault control and also much higher than those of the commercially available metallurgically prepared quenching steel prepared in comparative example 2, which indicates that the transverse gradient fault energy quenching steel prepared in example 1 has much higher strength than the similar steel plate prepared by the metallurgy method and much higher plasticity than that of the steel plate prepared by single friction stir processing without fault energy regulation and fault control.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: the diameter of the holes is 2.8mm, the depth of the holes is 1mm, and the number of the holes is 10.
The results of the detection are as follows
| Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Energy of stacking fault |
| 1203MPa | 839MPa | 3.8％ | 37mJ/m 2 |
In the comparative example, the hole diameter is larger than 2mm, and the regulation and control stacking fault energy exceeds 12-18mJ/m 2 And therefore, the transverse gradient fault energy quench-distributed steel prepared by the present comparative example is inferior in both strength and plasticity to the transverse gradient fault energy quench-distributed steel prepared by example 1.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the added stacking fault energy control powder is Si powder. And then, carrying out performance detection on the quenched distribution steel obtained after processing, wherein the detection result is as follows:
| tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Energy of stacking fault |
| 796MPa | 736MPa | 2.5％ | -11.2mJ/m 2 |
The Si powder used in the comparative example can not increase the stacking fault energy, the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel can not be prepared, and the performance of the prepared plate is far lower than that of the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel obtained in the example 1.
Comparative example 5
In order to better verify the effectiveness of the method, the comparative example 5 refers to the scheme of heat treatment for regulating and controlling the bainite fault energy in the published patent application CN 112280941A, and heat treatment is carried out on the quenching distribution steel, and the chemical composition and the size of the quenching distribution steel are the same as those of the quenching distribution steel in the example 1.
The heat treatment comprises the following steps:
1. heating to 950 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 180 s;
2. cooling to 200 ℃ and preserving heat for 30 s;
3. then heating to 380 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 300 s;
4. and finally, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
And then carrying out performance detection on the quenched distribution steel obtained after heat treatment processing, wherein the detection result is as follows:
| tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Energy of stacking fault | |
| Before heat treatment | 1084MPa | 710MPa | 22％ | -15.8mJ/m 2 |
| After heat treatment | 697MPa | 453MPa | 26％ | 20mJ/m 2 |
In the comparative example, the heat treatment process is adopted to try to adjust the stacking fault energy to prepare the quenching distribution steel with the stacking fault energy gradient distribution, and the result shows that the stacking fault energy control of the heat treatment method is not accurate, so that the performance of the finally obtained quenching distribution steel is far lower than that of the quenching distribution steel prepared in example 1, and the target of the performance gradient cannot be achieved.
In conclusion, the conventional heat treatment and the friction stir welding only cannot accurately control the fault energy of the quenching distribution steel plate, so that the performance of the steel plate is poor; and the use of an excessively large hole diameter or the addition of non-increased stacking fault energy powder also causes failure in the adjustment and control of the stacking fault energy, and the prepared steel plate has poor performance. The method can prepare the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy, and the performance of the steel plate is in gradient distribution. As in example 1, the yield at the first pass is low and the plasticity is good; the second pass processing has higher strength and poorer plasticity.
Therefore, the quenching distribution steel prepared by the method can be better suitable for the position with large difference of the requirement on the strong plasticity of the automobile body, such as the joint of the anti-collision beam and the frame, so that the area with higher strength is positioned at the frame, and the area with higher plasticity is positioned at the anti-collision beam.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
[1] Wei, Chen Jia, Tang Yao, Jiang Hao, Duck dove, Medium manganese Q & P Steel deformation mechanism based on stacking fault energy study [ J ]. university of south China university of academic sciences (Nature science edition), 2016,44(02): 140-.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of fault energy is characterized in that a quenching distribution steel plate is used as a substrate, a fault energy regulating powder is used as an enhancement item, the fault energy regulating powder is filled in a non-through hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then stirring friction processing is carried out on the surface of the substrate filled with the fault energy regulating powder to obtain the quenching distribution steel with gradient distribution of fault energy;
the stacking fault energy regulating powder comprises one or more of C powder, Mn powder or Al powder;
the particle size of the stacking fault energy regulation powder is 1-50 mu m, and the purity of the stacking fault energy regulation powder is not less than 99%;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, determining the stacking fault energy of a substrate according to the chemical components of the substrate by using a quenching distribution steel plate as the substrate; determining the adjustment and control range of the stacking fault energy of the substrate according to the deformation mechanism and the stacking fault energy classification of the substrate; determining the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating powder in the stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel according to the stacking fault energy regulating range of the substrate;
step 2, regulating and controlling the mass content of the powder in the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy according to the stacking fault energy determined in the step 1, determining the number and the intervals of non-penetrating holes formed in the substrate when preparing the transverse gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel or the longitudinal gradient stacking fault energy quenching distribution steel, and then finishing hole making on the pretreated substrate;
when the transverse gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the number of the non-penetrating holes arranged on the base plate is in gradient distribution along the vertical rolling direction, so that when the longitudinal gradient fault energy quenching distribution steel is prepared, the spacing of the non-penetrating holes arranged on the base plate is in gradient distribution along the rolling direction;
step 3, filling the reinforcing item into a non-penetrating hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then performing friction stir processing on the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder to obtain stacking fault energy gradient distribution quenching distribution steel;
the adjustment and control range of the stacking fault energy is 12-18mJ/m 2 The mass content of the fault energy regulating powder in the fault energy quenching distribution steel is 0.0218-6.69%.
2. The method for producing a transverse gradient fault energy gradient distribution quenched distribution steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of holes is calculated by the following formula:
wherein M is the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder in the quenching distribution steel with stacking fault energy gradient distribution, and M is Base of Regulating the mass content of corresponding elements of the powder in a substrate for the purpose of stacking fault energy, wherein a is the length of the substrate and is expressed in mm, b is the diameter between shafts of a stirring pin in stirring friction processing and is expressed in mm, c is the thickness of the substrate and is expressed in mm, d is the diameter of a hole and is expressed in mm, h is the depth of the hole and is expressed in mm, L is the length of a stirring friction processing area on the substrate and is expressed in mm, n is the number of the holes and is expressed in unit, rho Powder The density of the powder is regulated and controlled by the stacking fault energy, and the unit is g/cm 3 ，ρ Base of Is the substrate density in g/cm 3 。
3. The method for producing a fault energy gradient distribution quenched distribution steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pitch of the holes is calculated by the following formula when producing the longitudinal gradient fault energy quenched distribution steel:
wherein M is the mass content of the stacking fault energy regulating and controlling powder in the quenching distribution steel with stacking fault energy gradient distribution, and M is Base of The mass content of corresponding elements of the powder in the substrate is regulated and controlled by the stacking fault energy, f is the space between holes and has the unit of mm, D 0 Regulating the diffusion constant of the powder by using the stacking fault energy, regulating the diffusion activation energy of the powder by using the stacking fault energy, wherein R is a thermodynamic constant and takes the value of 8.314J/mol, T is the welding temperature in friction stir processing, the unit is K, J is the material flux and the unit is mol/m 2 。
4. The method for preparing the fault energy gradient distribution quenched distribution steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the stirring head in the friction stir processing is 400-2000 r/min, and the advancing speed of the stirring head is 50-400 mm/min.
5. The quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy, which is prepared by the preparation method of the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy takes quenching distribution steel as a substrate, stacking fault energy regulating powder as an enhancement item, the stacking fault energy regulating powder is filled in a non-through hole formed in the surface of the substrate, and then the surface of the substrate filled with the stacking fault energy regulating powder is subjected to stirring friction processing to obtain the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the stacking fault energy.
6. The application of the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy, prepared by the preparation method of the quenching distribution steel with the gradient distribution of the fault energy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in automobile body parts.
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