CN114507105A - 一种有机肥料制备配方及其制备、施用方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有机肥料制备配方及其制备、施用方法，有机肥料制备配方由以下原料组成：兔粪；细糠；解磷类微生物菌剂；硅酸盐微生物菌剂；菜籽油渣；碳化稻米壳；根瘤及固氮菌菌剂；水。该有机肥制备流程具有较好的发酵过程，有害物质去除率高，且成本较低，原材料购置简便，发酵周期相比较好氧发酵大幅缩短，另外通过选用多孔介质的碳化稻米壳作为微生物群落繁衍处，可保证微生物与土壤的交互速率，施用时可以用筛网直接淋入作物根系所在土壤内，可减轻现有有机肥包装、打颗粒及运输成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机肥料制备配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有的有机肥的主要来源于动植物的自然腐化，施用于土壤为土壤提供营养物质，促进作物生长及营养生长，经过长时间的自然微生物作用，消除了其中的有害物质，留下对土壤具有改良作用的有益物质。现有的有机肥制备基本靠牲畜家禽粪便及植物腐化堆积制备，发酵时间长，有害物质去除率低，施用时会挥发大量氨气，会伤害植物及其毛细根。同时，市场上现有的有机肥质量参差不齐，单价过于昂贵，总体有机肥含量低，发酵不完全，容易造成土壤板结，盐碱化。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的缺陷，本发明的一个目的在于：提供一种有机肥料制备配方。
为解决上述问题，本发明的技术解决方案是：一种有机肥料制备配方，由以下原料组成：兔粪；细糠；解磷类微生物菌剂；硅酸盐微生物菌剂；菜籽油渣；碳化稻米壳；根瘤及固氮菌菌剂；水。
进一步地，除水以外原料的质量百分比为：兔粪56-60％；细糠10.5-12.9％；解磷类微生物菌剂0.36-0.56％；硅酸盐微生物菌剂0.3-0.32％；菜籽油渣16-16.6％；碳化稻米壳11-15％；根瘤及固氮菌菌剂0.2-0.26％。
进一步地，细糠中含有碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢钙和碳酸钾。
进一步地，碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢钙和碳酸钾的质量分别不少于细糠总质量的1.9％、3.7％和1.4％。
进一步地，菜籽油渣中含有质量百分比大于或等于3.1％的碳酸氢铵。
本发明还提供一种上述有机肥料制备配方的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)选择一长方体堆场，将堆场内20cm的表层土壤浅翻，堆放置旁待做混合用料，发酵场地用秸秆堆制备堆场场基，用于垫起堆场底部；
(2)将兔粪堆制在堆场范围内，堆成圆形，每堆40cm高度加入5cm厚的碳化稻米壳及10cm的细糠，直至堆场顶部，最后用菜籽油渣覆盖，把根瘤菌菌剂及固氮菌菌剂兑水后均匀淋透，直至兔粪堆底部渗出菌剂水；
(3)待表层菜籽油渣起白色菌丝后，先将发酵后的肥料混合翻铲均匀，铲出130kg放入1200L的堆桶，后将解磷类微生物菌剂以及硅酸盐微生物菌剂按其剂量兑水后配出16L菌液，均匀淋撒，桶面覆膜隔绝空气进行厌氧发酵3周以上；
(4)揭开覆膜混入650L清水，搅拌均匀，直至堆桶底部无过多沉淀物质，制得有机肥料。
进一步地，堆场的长、宽、高分别为4.2m、4.6m、1.8m。
本发明还提供一种上述有机肥料制备配方的施用方法，制得的有机肥料用筛网淋入作物根系所在土壤内。
本发明的有益效果是：该有机肥制备流程具有较好的发酵过程，有害物质去除率高，且成本较低，原材料购置简便，发酵周期相比较好氧发酵大幅缩短，另外通过选用多孔介质的碳化稻米壳作为微生物群落繁衍处，可保证微生物与土壤的交互速率，施用时可以用筛网直接淋入作物根系所在土壤内，可减轻现有有机肥包装、打颗粒及运输成本。
具体实施方式
为比较直观、完整地理解本发明的技术方案，现进行非限制性的特征说明如下：
实施例一：准备除水以外质量百分比为兔粪58％、细糠11.7％、解磷类微生物菌剂0.46、硅酸盐微生物菌剂、0.31％菜籽油渣、16.3％碳化稻米壳13％、根瘤及固氮菌菌剂0.23％的原料，使用前检测原料的氮、磷、钾含量。然后，选择一长、宽、高分别为4.2m、4.6m、1.8m的堆场，将堆场内20cm的表层土壤浅翻，堆放置旁待做混合用料，发酵场地用秸秆堆制备堆场场基，用于垫起堆场底部，增加透气性。然后，将兔粪堆制在堆场范围内，堆成圆形，每堆40cm高度加入5cm厚的碳化稻米壳及10cm的细糠，直至堆场顶部，最后用菜籽油渣覆盖，把根瘤菌菌剂及固氮菌菌剂兑水后均匀淋透，直至兔粪堆底部渗出菌剂水。然后，待表层菜籽油渣起白色菌丝后，先将发酵后的肥料混合翻铲均匀，铲出130kg放入1200L的堆桶，后将解磷类微生物菌剂以及硅酸盐微生物菌剂按其剂量兑水后配出16L菌液，均匀淋撒，桶面覆膜隔绝空气进行厌氧发酵3周以上。最后，揭开覆膜混入650L清水，搅拌均匀，直至堆桶底部无过多沉淀物质，制得有机肥料。
施用时，制得的有机肥料直接用孔径为4mm的筛网，并选用功率为0.75kw的水泵放入筛网内，将有机肥料淋入作物根系所在土壤内。
实施例一与现有技术好氧发酵制得的有机肥料对比表如下：
从上表可以看出，本申请实施例一制得的有机肥料的技术指标相比于现有技术有提高。所以，本申请在降低成本、缩短发酵周期、减轻包装、打颗粒及运输成本的基础上，还提高了有机废料的质量。
Claims (8)
1.一种有机肥料制备配方，其特征在于由以下原料组成：兔粪；细糠；解磷类微生物菌剂；硅酸盐微生物菌剂；菜籽油渣；碳化稻米壳；根瘤及固氮菌菌剂；水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机肥料制备配方，其特征在于除水以外原料的质量百分比为：兔粪56-60％；细糠10.5-12.9％；解磷类微生物菌剂0.36-0.56％；硅酸盐微生物菌剂0.3-0.32％；菜籽油渣16-16.6％；碳化稻米壳11-15％；根瘤及固氮菌菌剂0.2-0.26％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机肥料制备配方，其特征在于：细糠中含有碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢钙和碳酸钾。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种有机肥料制备配方，其特征在于：碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢钙和碳酸钾的质量分别不少于细糠总质量的1.9％、3.7％和1.4％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机肥料制备配方，其特征在于：菜籽油渣中含有质量百分比大于或等于3.1％的碳酸氢铵。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述的有机肥料制备配方的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)选择一长方体堆场，将堆场内20cm的表层土壤浅翻，堆放置旁待做混合用料，发酵场地用秸秆堆制备堆场场基，用于垫起堆场底部；
(2)将兔粪堆制在堆场范围内，堆成圆形，每堆40cm高度加入5cm厚的碳化稻米壳及10cm的细糠，直至堆场顶部，最后用菜籽油渣覆盖，把根瘤菌菌剂及固氮菌菌剂兑水后均匀淋透，直至兔粪堆底部渗出菌剂水；
(3)待表层菜籽油渣起白色菌丝后，先将发酵后的肥料混合翻铲均匀，铲出130kg放入1200L的堆桶，后将解磷类微生物菌剂以及硅酸盐微生物菌剂按其剂量兑水后配出16L菌液，均匀淋撒，桶面覆膜隔绝空气进行厌氧发酵3周以上；
(4)揭开覆膜混入650L清水，搅拌均匀，直至堆桶底部无过多沉淀物质，制得有机肥料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种有机肥料制备方法，其特征在于：堆场的长、宽、高分别为4.2m、4.6m、1.8m。
8.一种根据权利要求6所述的有机肥料制备配方的施用方法，其特征在于：制得的有机肥料用筛网淋入作物根系所在土壤内。
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| CN102491802A (zh) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | 黄山市徽山食用油业有限公司 | 茶粕生物有机肥及其生产方法 |
| CN107686398A (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-02-13 | 杭州锦海农业科技有限公司 | 一种用于基质或有机肥原料的畜粪处理生产工艺 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102491802A (zh) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | 黄山市徽山食用油业有限公司 | 茶粕生物有机肥及其生产方法 |
| CN107686398A (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-02-13 | 杭州锦海农业科技有限公司 | 一种用于基质或有机肥原料的畜粪处理生产工艺 |
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| 蔡信之: "《合理施肥实用技术 第1版》", 31 July 1996, 上海科学技术文献出版社 * |
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