CN114504953B - Preparation method of hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane - Google Patents
Preparation method of hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN114504953B CN114504953B CN202210248022.4A CN202210248022A CN114504953B CN 114504953 B CN114504953 B CN 114504953B CN 202210248022 A CN202210248022 A CN 202210248022A CN 114504953 B CN114504953 B CN 114504953B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
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- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
- B01D61/243—Dialysis
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- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
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Abstract
According to the preparation method of the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane, the casting solution comprises a solvent and m-phenylenediamine, the core solution comprises citric acid, when the casting solution and the core solution are added into a coagulating bath, the solvent in the casting solution and a non-solvent in the coagulating bath are subjected to double diffusion, and then phase separation is carried out, one phase forms a hollow fiber membrane main body, the other phase becomes a hollow fiber membrane pore structure, finally, a compact layer is formed on the inner surface of the membrane, a microporous structure is arranged in the membrane and used as a supporting layer, and the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane is provided with an open pore microporous structure; meanwhile, m-phenylenediamine in the casting solution and citric acid monomers in the core solution are subjected to shrinkage polymerization in the inner surface of the membrane wire and the membrane hole to generate polyamide, and the rest carboxylic acid groups in the polyamide and NaOH in the coagulating bath are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction to generate sodium carboxylate, so that a stable anticoagulation functional layer is formed on the inner surface of the dialysis membrane and in the membrane hole, and the anticoagulant sodium citrate is fixed on the inner surface of the dialysis membrane and in the membrane hole to obtain the hemodialysis membrane with good biocompatibility and high anticoagulation.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of high molecular biological membrane materials, in particular to a preparation method of a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane.
Background
The hollow fiber membrane material applied to hemodialysis is used as a foreign body substance, and the dialysis membrane is greatly different from human vascular endothelial cells; interactions between the various components of the blood and the membrane material will produce a number of biological reactions, such as adsorption of plasma proteins, platelet adhesion, clotting, etc., on the surface of the material, eventually leading to thrombus formation.
Among the film-forming materials, polysulfone and polyethersulfone are the main materials of the current hemodialysis film with good film-forming property, flexibility and mechanical property; however, due to poor hydrophilicity of polysulfone and polyethersulfone, hydrophobic protein substances such as platelets and the like in blood adhere to the membrane surface in the dialysis process; the viscosity and extrusion of the cells lead to rupture of cell walls on the one hand, release of procoagulant factors in the cells to cause coagulation reaction, and on the other hand, the cells can block membrane pores to reduce ultrafiltration coefficients; the anticoagulation effect is not ideal, and patients can also have complications such as anaphylactic reaction, hypoxia blood, lipid metabolism disorder and the like in the dialysis treatment process.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a preparation method of a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane, which is used for providing a hemodialysis membrane with better anticoagulation and biocompatibility.
The preparation method of the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane provided by the application comprises the following steps:
dissolving polysulfone, m-phenylenediamine and an additive in a solvent to obtain a membrane casting solution;
dissolving citric acid and deionized water in the solvent to obtain core liquid;
taking NaOH aqueous solution as a coagulating bath;
based on the casting solution, the core solution and the coagulating bath, preparing a hollow fiber membrane by a solution spinning method, wherein the hollow fiber membrane is a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane.
Optionally, the polysulfone, m-phenylenediamine and additive are dissolved in a solvent to obtain a casting solution, which comprises:
the additive comprises a pore-forming agent and deionized water, wherein the pore-forming agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone;
the solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone;
weighing the polysulfone, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the m-phenylenediamine and the deionized water according to a proportion, heating, stirring and dissolving the mixture in the N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain the casting solution;
wherein the dissolution temperature is 30-80 ℃, the stirring speed is 400-1000r/min, and the stirring time is 8-24h.
Optionally, dissolving citric acid and deionized water in the solvent to obtain a core solution, including:
and mixing the citric acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and deionized water, and standing for defoaming to obtain core liquid.
Optionally, preparing a hollow fiber membrane by a solution spinning method based on the casting solution, the core solution and the coagulation bath, including:
respectively conveying the casting solution and the core solution to an outer hole and an inner hole of a spinneret to obtain hollow fibers;
the hollow fiber enters the coagulating bath after passing through a section of air area;
the solvent in the casting solution and the non-solvent in the coagulating bath are subjected to double diffusion and phase separation, one phase forms the main body of the hollow fiber membrane, and the other phase forms the pore structure of the hollow fiber membrane.
Optionally, the inner surface and the membrane holes of the hollow fiber membrane are provided with an anticoagulation functional layer, wherein the anticoagulation functional layer takes polyamide as a framework and sodium carboxylate as a functional substance.
Optionally, the monofilament inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 180-220um, and the wall thickness is 30-50um.
Optionally, the polyvinylpyrrolidone comprises one or a mixture of any two or more of PVPK12, PVPK15, PVPK17, PVPK25, PVPK30, PVPK60, PVPK85, PVPK90 or PVPK 120.
Optionally, the concentration of NaOH in the coagulation bath is 0.000001-0.01mol/L.
According to the preparation method of the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane, the casting membrane liquid comprises a solvent and m-phenylenediamine, the core liquid comprises citric acid, when the casting membrane liquid and the core liquid are added into a coagulating bath, the solvent in the casting membrane liquid and a non-solvent in the coagulating bath are subjected to double diffusion, the non-solvent content in the casting membrane liquid is continuously increased, so that the casting membrane liquid is converted into a thermodynamically unstable state from a thermodynamically stable state, and then liquid-liquid or solid-solid phase separation occurs, the casting membrane liquid is separated into a polymer (polysulfone) rich phase and a polymer lean phase, the polymer (polysulfone) rich phase is solidified to form a main body of the membrane, PVP (pore forming agent) in the polymer lean phase is replaced by water, so that a pore structure is formed, and finally, the inner surface of the membrane is a compact layer, the inside of the membrane is provided with a microporous structure as a supporting layer, and the outer surface of the membrane is a hollow fiber membrane with an open pore structure; meanwhile, m-phenylenediamine in the casting film liquid and citric acid monomer in the core liquid are subjected to shrink polymerization in the inner surface of the film yarn and in the film holes to generate polyamide, and the rest carboxylic acid groups in the polyamide and NaOH in the coagulating bath are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction to generate sodium carboxylate, so that a stable anticoagulation functional layer is formed on the inner surface of the dialysis film and in the film holes, and the functional layer takes the polyamide as a framework and sodium carboxylate as a functional substance, so that the anticoagulant sodium citrate is fixed on the inner surface of the dialysis film and in the film holes, and the hemodialysis film with high biocompatibility and high anticoagulation performance is obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the drawings that need to be used in some embodiments of the present disclosure will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only drawings of some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, the drawings in the following description may be regarded as schematic representations, not as limitations on the actual flow of methods or the like, to which embodiments of the present disclosure relate.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of preparing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane, according to some embodiments;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional electron microscopy scanning of a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an internal surface electron microscopy scan of a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane in accordance with some embodiments;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an electron microscope scanning of an outer surface of a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane in accordance with some embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application, a method for preparing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane provided in the embodiments of the present application is described below with reference to fig. 1.
It should be noted that the flow shown in fig. 1 is only an example, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. In the embodiments of the present application, other functional similar substances may also be used to implement similar functions.
The invention relates to a preparation method of an anticoagulation hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane, which comprises the following steps:
step one: weighing polysulfone or polyethersulfone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, m-phenylenediamine and deionized water according to a proportion, heating, stirring and dissolving the mixture in a solvent to form a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution is a casting solution; wherein the dissolution temperature is 30-80 ℃, the stirring speed is 400-1000r/min, the stirring time is 8-24h, and the defoaming time is 8-12h.
Polysulfone or polyethersulfone is a common film forming material, polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a pore-forming agent, and the solvent can be polyvinylpyrrolidone, specifically selected from one or a mixture of more than two of PVPK12, PVPK15, PVPK17, PVPK25, PVPK30, PVPK60, PVPK85, PVPK90 or PVPK 120.
Step two: weighing the solvent, deionized water and citric acid according to the proportion, and stirring and mixing uniformly to form a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution is core liquid.
The solvent can be polyvinylpyrrolidone, and specifically can be one or more than two of PVPK12, PVPK15, PVPK17, PVPK25, PVPK30, PVPK60, PVPK85, PVPK90 or PVPK 120.
Step three: preparing NaOH aqueous solution with a certain molar concentration, wherein the non-solvent is water, and the water is used as a coagulating bath.
The concentration of NaOH is 0.000001-0.01mol/L.
It should be noted that the solvents and non-solvents in the examples herein are relative to polysulfone or polyethersulfone.
Step four: under the nitrogen pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, the casting solution is pressurized and quantitatively conveyed to the outer hole of the spinneret by a metering pump through a filter connected with a pipeline from a spinning kettle, meanwhile, the core solution is quantitatively conveyed to the inner hole of the spinneret by a flowmeter under the pressure effect, the spun hollow fiber enters a coagulating bath after passing through a section of air area to prepare a hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow fiber membrane is washed in pure water to remove residual solvents and additives; and drying to obtain the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane, thereby preparing the hollow fiber hemodialysis device.
In the step, the solvent in the casting solution and the non-solvent in the coagulating bath are subjected to double diffusion, the non-solvent content in the casting solution is continuously increased, so that the casting solution is converted from a thermodynamic steady state to a thermodynamic unstable state, further, liquid-liquid or solid-solid phase separation is carried out, the casting solution is divided into a polymer rich phase and a polymer lean phase, the polymer rich phase is solidified to form a main body of the membrane, polyvinylpyrrolidone in the polymer lean phase is replaced by water, so that a pore structure is formed, finally, a compact layer is formed on the inner surface of the membrane, a microporous structure is formed inside the membrane as a supporting layer, the outer surface of the membrane is a hollow fiber membrane with an open pore microporous structure, and the hollow fiber membrane can be used for hemodialysis. Wherein, the section, the inner surface and the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane are respectively shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4.
Meanwhile, m-phenylenediamine in the casting film liquid and citric acid monomer in the core liquid are subjected to shrink polymerization in the inner surface of the film wire and in the film holes to generate polyamide, and the rest carboxylic acid groups in the polyamide and NaOH in the coagulating bath are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction to generate sodium carboxylate, so that a stable anticoagulation functional layer is formed on the inner surface of the dialysis film and in the film holes, and the functional layer takes the polyamide as a framework and sodium carboxylate as a functional substance, so that the anticoagulant sodium citrate is fixed on the inner surface of the dialysis film and in the film holes, and the hemodialysis film with high biocompatibility and anticoagulation performance is obtained. Because the added substance is a hydrophilic substance, the hollow fiber membrane obtained by the application has better hydrophilicity, and the material with good hydrophilicity has better biocompatibility.
The hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane provided by the embodiment of the application has an asymmetric full-sponge pore structure, the inner diameter of the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane is 180-220um, the wall thickness of the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane is 30-50um, the ultrafiltration coefficient of the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane is 40-100 mL/m2.H.mmHg, the urea clearance rate is 100-150mL/min 2. M2, and the bovine serum albumin retention rate is 98% -99.7%.
The preparation process is simple, continuous production can be realized, and the structural stability is good; the surface hydrophilicity of the dialysis membrane is improved, the anticoagulation capacity is obviously improved, and the biocompatibility is good.
The procedure for preparing the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane provided herein is described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Step one: 160g of polysulfone, 60g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK 90), 20g of m-phenylenediamine and 20g of deionized water are dissolved in 740g N-methylpyrrolidone, the dissolution temperature is 80 ℃, the stirring speed is 1000rpm, the stirring time is 12 hours, and the membrane solution is subjected to vacuum defoaming for 8 hours to obtain the membrane casting solution.
Step two: 50g of citric acid, 400g N-methyl pyrrolidone and 550g of deionized water are stirred, dissolved and mixed, and are kept stand and defoamed for 2 hours for standby to obtain core liquid.
Step three: 40g of NaOH solids were dissolved in 1000mL of deionized water as a coagulation bath.
Step four: and (3) preparing a hollow fiber membrane: pouring the polysulfone/polyethersulfone casting solution into a filament solution kettle after vacuum defoaming, standing and defoaming filtration, pouring core solution into the core solution kettle, standing and defoaming, and spinning by adopting a dry/wet induced phase inversion method in a solution spinning method to prepare a hollow fiber membrane; the membrane filaments are washed and dried to prepare the dialyzer.
Through tests, the ultrafiltration coefficient of the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane prepared in the embodiment is 45mL/m2.H.mmHg, the urea clearance is 120mL/min 2, and the bovine serum albumin retention is 99.5%. Meanwhile, the anticoagulant effect is good, and adverse reactions such as poisoning and inflammation are avoided.
Example 2
Step one: 150g of polysulfone, 50g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK 90), 25g of m-phenylenediamine and 50g of deionized water are dissolved in 725-g N-methylpyrrolidone, the dissolution temperature is 80 ℃, the stirring speed is 1000rpm, the stirring time is 12 hours, and the membrane solution is subjected to vacuum defoaming for 8 hours to obtain the membrane casting solution.
Step two: 100g of citric acid, 400g N-methyl pyrrolidone and 500g of deionized water are stirred, dissolved and mixed, and are kept stand and defoamed for 2 hours for standby to obtain core liquid.
Step three: 40g of NaOH solids were dissolved in 1000mL of deionized water as a coagulation bath.
Step four: and (3) preparing a hollow fiber membrane: pouring the polysulfone/polyethersulfone casting solution into a filament solution kettle after vacuum defoaming, standing and defoaming filtration, pouring core solution into the core solution kettle, standing and defoaming, and spinning by adopting a dry/wet induced phase inversion method in a solution spinning method to prepare a hollow fiber membrane; the membrane filaments are washed and dried to prepare the dialyzer.
Through tests, the ultrafiltration coefficient of the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane prepared in the embodiment is 65mL/m2.H.mmHg, the urea clearance is 180mL/min 2, and the bovine serum albumin retention rate is 98.0%. And simultaneously, the anticoagulation effect is improved, and adverse reactions such as poisoning, inflammation and the like are avoided.
Example 3
Step one: 150g of polyethersulfone, 35g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK 90), 25g of m-phenylenediamine and 60g of deionized water are dissolved in 730g N-methylpyrrolidone, the dissolution temperature is 80 ℃, the stirring speed is 1000rpm, and the stirring time is 12 hours. And (5) carrying out vacuum defoamation on the membrane liquid for 8 hours to obtain the membrane casting liquid.
Step two: preparing core liquid: 200g of citric acid, 450g N-methyl pyrrolidone and 500g of deionized water are stirred, dissolved and mixed, and are kept stand and defoamed for 2 hours for standby to obtain core liquid.
Step three: 40g of NaOH solids were dissolved in 1000mL of deionized water as a coagulation bath.
Step four: and (3) preparing a hollow fiber membrane: pouring the polysulfone/polyethersulfone casting solution into a filament solution kettle after vacuum defoaming, standing and defoaming filtration, pouring core solution into the core solution kettle, standing and defoaming, and spinning by adopting a dry/wet induced phase inversion method in a solution spinning method to prepare a hollow fiber membrane; the membrane filaments are washed and dried to prepare the dialyzer.
Through tests, the ultrafiltration coefficient of the hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane prepared in the embodiment is 72mL/m2.H.mmHg, the urea clearance is 200mL/min 2, and the bovine serum albumin retention rate is 97.8%. Simultaneously, the anticoagulation effect is further improved, and adverse reactions such as poisoning, inflammation and the like are avoided.
The foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the disclosure, but the protection scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art who is skilled in the art will recognize that changes or substitutions are within the technical scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane, comprising:
dissolving polysulfone, m-phenylenediamine and an additive in a solvent to obtain a membrane casting solution;
dissolving citric acid and deionized water in the solvent to obtain core liquid, wherein the citric acid is excessive;
taking NaOH aqueous solution as a coagulating bath;
based on the casting solution, the core solution and the coagulating bath, preparing a hollow fiber membrane by a solution spinning method, wherein the hollow fiber membrane is a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane.
2. The method for producing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane according to claim 1, wherein polysulfone, m-phenylenediamine, and an additive are dissolved in a solvent to obtain a casting solution, comprising:
the additive comprises a pore-forming agent and deionized water, wherein the pore-forming agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone;
the solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone;
weighing the polysulfone, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the m-phenylenediamine and the deionized water according to a proportion, heating, stirring and dissolving the mixture in the N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain the casting solution;
wherein the dissolution temperature is 30-80 ℃, the stirring speed is 400-1000r/min, and the stirring time is 8-24h.
3. The method for producing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane according to claim 2, wherein citric acid, deionized water are dissolved in the solvent to obtain a core liquid, comprising:
and mixing the citric acid, the N-methyl pyrrolidone and deionized water, and standing for defoaming to obtain core liquid.
4. The method for producing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane according to claim 1, wherein a hollow fiber membrane is produced by a solution spinning method based on the casting solution, the core solution and the coagulation bath, comprising:
respectively conveying the casting solution and the core solution to an outer hole and an inner hole of a spinneret to obtain hollow fibers;
the hollow fiber enters the coagulating bath after passing through a section of air area;
the solvent in the casting solution and the non-solvent in the coagulating bath are subjected to double diffusion and phase separation, one phase forms the main body of the hollow fiber membrane, and the other phase forms the pore structure of the hollow fiber membrane.
5. The method for producing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane according to claim 1, wherein an anticoagulant functional layer is provided on an inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane and in the membrane pores, and the anticoagulant functional layer uses polyamide as a skeleton and sodium carboxylate as a functional substance.
6. The method for producing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane according to claim 1, wherein the hollow fiber membrane has a filament inner diameter of 180 to 220um and a wall thickness of 30 to 50um.
7. The method of preparing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane of claim 2, wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone comprises one or a mixture of any two or more of PVPK12, PVPK15, PVPK17, PVPK25, PVPK30, PVPK60, PVPK85, PVPK90 or PVPK 120.
8. The method for producing a hollow fiber hemodialysis membrane according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of NaOH in the coagulation bath is 0.000001 to 0.01mol/L.
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