CN114504931B - Hydrogen sulfide absorbing device and absorbing method - Google Patents
Hydrogen sulfide absorbing device and absorbing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114504931B CN114504931B CN202011279156.XA CN202011279156A CN114504931B CN 114504931 B CN114504931 B CN 114504931B CN 202011279156 A CN202011279156 A CN 202011279156A CN 114504931 B CN114504931 B CN 114504931B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1468—Removing hydrogen sulfide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
- B01D53/185—Liquid distributors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen sulfide absorption device and a method, wherein the device comprises the following components: the liquid distributor is arranged in the gas-liquid absorption cavity and is constructed by a curved surface, and a uniform liquid film is formed at the bottom of the liquid distributor after the liquid distributor receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle; absorption tubes which are arranged in rows below the liquid distributor and absorb the impact of liquid drops formed from the liquid film; the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a horizontal or cross-flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction. The device and the method of the invention lead the absorption liquid to periodically drop by drop among the pipes in the form of liquid drops and to generate countercurrent or cross flow contact with the hydrogen sulfide gas, thus not only effectively promoting the absorption of low-concentration hydrogen sulfide, but also achieving the effect of water saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen sulfide leakage prevention, in particular to a hydrogen sulfide absorption device and a hydrogen sulfide absorption method.
Background
Natural gas is a high-energy pollution-free fossil energy source, and is a main direction of new energy in 21 st century in China. The hydrogen sulfide concentration in the natural gas reserves in China is more than 1% and accounts for 1/4 of the total reserves, and the natural gas fields produced in recent years all contain high-concentration hydrogen sulfide, for example, the hydrogen sulfide content in the natural gas reservoirs in northeast China is up to 15%, once hydrogen sulfide leakage occurs, the leakage can form a huge threat to the life and property safety of masses, and the hydrogen sulfide leakage is a dangerous substance which must be eliminated or controlled. At present, the removal of hydrogen sulfide in industry is mainly Claus high-temperature desulfurization and alcohol amine absorption desulfurization, and the processes are mature, so that sulfur-containing gas can be well purified, but the equipment is large in volume, and is only suitable for removing high-concentration hydrogen sulfide, and emergency treatment of leaked hydrogen sulfide in the process of natural gas exploitation and gathering and transportation cannot be met.
The hydrogen sulfide gas leaked into the environment contains a large amount of methane and air which cannot be absorbed, and along with the progress of absorption, the methane and the air gradually gather at a gas-liquid interface to block the diffusion of hydrogen sulfide at a near-interface, so that the absorption effect is reduced. Meanwhile, compared with other harmful gases, the maximum characteristic of the hydrogen sulfide absorption treatment is that the emission index is extremely low, usually lower than 20ppm, the filler tower adopted at the present stage has poor absorption effect on leaked hydrogen sulfide due to weak disturbance effect on unabsorbed gas, the equipment volume can be enlarged by adopting atmospheric operation for enhanced absorption, the gas-liquid ratio can even reach 1:10, and the small, exquisite and rapid emergency requirements of the terrain complex gas field can not be met. In addition, the increase of the flow rate of the absorption liquid increases the thickness of the liquid film and reduces the mass transfer driving force, so that development of a water-saving type hydrogen sulfide leakage-proof treatment device and method is needed, and the device and method have important significance for natural gas exploitation and gathering and transportation.
Chinese patent application CN105056718A relates to a high-efficient water conservation wet flue gas desulfurization absorption tower, including absorption tower body, store thick liquid section, absorbent circulation spray line, in the tower recovery water collection device, in the tower flue gas condensing equipment, the outer recovery water collection sediment device of tower, defroster, flue gas entry and flue gas export, from bottom to top set gradually absorbent circulation spray line, in the tower recovery water collection device, in the tower flue gas condensing equipment and defroster in this internal by the absorption tower between flue gas export and the flue gas entry, the outer recovery water collection sediment device of tower sets up outside the absorption tower body. The scheme can efficiently recycle condensed water and demister flushing water in the desulfurized flue gas, saves energy, and reduces water consumption of a wet desulfurization system at the same time, thereby greatly reducing consumption of process water of the desulfurization system and achieving the effect of saving water.
Chinese patent CN100469420C introduces the composite ion absorbing liquid and low concentration hydrogen sulfide waste gas into the impinging stream reactor, controls the reaction temperature at 50-80 deg.c and the oxygen content volume ratio in the waste gas at 0.5-20%, and makes absorption and purification reaction until the purification efficiency is reduced to 70%, and then takes out the absorbing liquid for filtering, and the filtrate is regenerated by bubbling oxygen, so that the purification efficiency of hydrogen sulfide can be maintained above 95% for a long time.
In the prior art, the research and development of novel absorbent synthesis and absorption equipment are focused on, most of water-saving forms adopted by related patents are recycled, and the research of a water-saving type leaked hydrogen sulfide treatment process and a strengthening method is lacked, and the influence of methane and air on the leaked hydrogen sulfide absorption is not considered.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen sulfide absorption device and an absorption method, so that absorption liquid periodically drops drop by drop between pipes in a liquid drop form and is in countercurrent or cross-flow contact with hydrogen sulfide gas, thereby not only effectively promoting the absorption of low-concentration hydrogen sulfide, but also achieving the effect of saving water.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus comprising: the liquid distributor is arranged in the gas-liquid absorption cavity and is constructed by a curved surface, and a uniform liquid film is formed at the bottom of the liquid distributor after the liquid distributor receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle; absorption tubes which are arranged in rows below the liquid distributor and absorb the impact of liquid drops formed from the liquid film; the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a horizontal or cross-flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction.
Further, in the technical scheme, the outer surface of the liquid distributor is coated with hydrophilic materials; the liquid distributor constructed by the curved surface is in an egg shape (cross section shape) as a whole, and the diameter of the upper half part of the egg-shaped structure is larger than that of the lower half part.
In the technical scheme, the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is uniformly distributed in the gas-liquid absorption cavity through the gas phase inlet distributor and then contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a horizontal or cross-flow mode.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the uniform liquid film formed at the bottom of the liquid distributor is impacted on the surface of the absorption tube in a drop-by-drop manner under the action of the surface tension, the viscosity and the gravity of the liquid.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the gas-liquid absorption cavity is divided into a plurality of hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bins by the internal baffle plate, and the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is absorbed in the absorption bins in sequence and independently.
In the technical scheme, after the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is subjected to absorption reaction in the previous absorption bin, the gas phase is distributed again through the absorption connecting pipe and the gas phase inlet distributor and then enters the next absorption bin to be absorbed.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the surface of the absorption tube is a hydrophilic surface and is provided with the flow guiding units, and the flow guiding units can be fin-shaped convex structures, herringbone convex structures and/or arc-shaped convex structures which are uniformly arranged in rows.
Further, in the above technical solution, the fin-shaped protrusion structure has a three-dimensional curved surface shape, and specifically includes: a tip for puncturing an interface non-absorbing gas layer formed by methane and air in a gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide; and the wingspan section extends from the tip end to two sides along the axial direction of the absorption tube and is used for blocking the circumferential movement of the absorption liquid along the absorption tube and guiding the absorption liquid to axially move along the wingspan of the wing-shaped bulge structure.
Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the absorption tubes may be arranged in a rectangular manner or in a regular triangle manner. The number of tube rows in the vertical direction of the absorption tubes may be 10 or less; if the number of the liquid distributor exceeds 10, the liquid distributor is added to the part exceeding 10 rows for secondary liquid distribution.
Further, in the above technical solution, a cooling water unit is provided at an end of the absorption tube, and the cooling water unit exchanges heat through a tube side of the absorption tube placed horizontally; the cooling water unit comprises a cooling water inlet arranged at the upper part of the gas-liquid absorption cavity, a cooling water outlet arranged at the lower part of the gas-liquid absorption cavity and a multi-tube-pass distribution baffle plate arranged between the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet.
Further, in the above technical solution, the surface contact angle of the absorption tube is lower than 40 °; the minimum flow rate of absorption liquid wetting the absorption tube surface is lower than 0.035kg/ms.
Further, in the above technical solution, the arrangement interval of the fin-shaped protruding structures along the circumferential direction of the absorption tube may be 30 to 120 °; the width of the fin-shaped protrusion structure may be 0.5 to 1.0cm; the span of the fin-shaped raised structures may range from 5 to 15mm; the fin-shaped protrusion structure may have a thickness of 0.5 to 1.0cm.
To achieve the above object, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydrogen sulfide absorption method comprising the steps of: forming a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor positioned in the gas-liquid absorption cavity; the liquid film is impacted on the surface of the absorption tube in a drop-by-drop manner under the action of the surface tension, viscosity and gravity of the liquid to absorb; the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a horizontal or cross-flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction.
In the technical scheme, the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is absorbed for a plurality of times in the gas-liquid absorption cavity, and after the absorption reaction of the former absorption bin, the gas phase is distributed again through the absorption connecting pipe and the gas phase inlet distributor and then enters the next absorption bin for absorption.
Further, in the above technical solution, in the process that the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a horizontal or cross-flow manner in the gas-liquid absorption cavity, the method further includes: puncturing an interface formed by methane and air in a gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide to not absorb the gas layer; blocking the movement of the absorption liquid along the circumferential direction of the absorption tube and guiding the movement of the absorption liquid along the axial direction of the absorption tube.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The device and the method are suitable for emergency absorption of leaked hydrogen sulfide with the concentration of hydrogen sulfide lower than 5000 ppm;
2) Through liquid circulation, repeated gas phase absorption, surface wettability change and configuration change, absorption liquid is enabled to be in multi-time cross-flow contact with hydrogen sulfide gas in a dropwise manner in the whole reaction cavity, and the consumption of the absorption liquid is remarkably reduced;
3) By using the device of the invention, the total absorption liquid consumption is 1/8-1/3 of that of a common packed tower, thereby ensuring mass transfer performance and reducing the water consumption of equipment;
4) The cross section of the curved surface liquid distributor is egg-shaped, and the influence of the long diameter at the top and the short diameter at the bottom of the curved surface liquid distributor can spontaneously form a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the curved surface liquid distributor to form a pattern of dropwise dripping;
5) The design of the fin-shaped raised structures on the absorber tube allows the tips of the structures to pierce the interface formed by methane and air in the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase without absorbing the gas layer. The wing span section of the structure can prevent the absorption liquid from moving along the circumferential direction of the absorption pipe and guide the absorption liquid to move axially along the wing span of the wing-shaped bulge structure, so that the axial spreading width and the area of the liquid film are effectively increased.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and it is to be understood that it is intended to provide a more clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to enable the technical means to be carried out in accordance with the contents of the specification, while at the same time providing a more complete understanding of the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention, and one or more preferred embodiments thereof are set forth below, together with the detailed description given below, along with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to the present invention (the direction of the dotted arrow in the drawing is the flow direction of the liquid).
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to the present invention (perpendicular to the view angle direction of FIG. 1; the direction of the dotted arrow in the drawing is the flow direction of the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas).
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a hydrogen sulfide gas absorbing bin in the hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to the present invention (the direction of the dotted arrow in the drawing is the gas flow direction).
FIG. 4-A is a front view of a fin-shaped protrusion structure of the absorber tube surface of the present invention;
FIG. 4-B is a perspective view of a fin-shaped protrusion structure of the absorber tube surface of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the hydrogen sulfide absorption apparatus of the present invention with the addition of a cooling water unit.
The main reference numerals illustrate:
the device comprises a 1-gas-liquid absorption cavity, a 2-liquid distributor, a 3-absorption pipe, a 4-absorption liquid inlet, a 5-absorption liquid outlet, a 6-hydrogen sulfide inlet, a 7-tail gas outlet, an 8-gas inlet distributor, a 9-internal baffle, a 10-outlet demister, a 12-gas absorption bin, a 13-nozzle, a 16-cooling water inlet, a 17-cooling water outlet and an 18-distribution baffle;
31-wing shaped protrusions, 311-tip, 312-span segments.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is, therefore, to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising", etc. will be understood to include the stated element or component without excluding other elements or other components.
Spatially relative terms, such as "below," "beneath," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element's or feature's relationship to another element's or feature's in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the article in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the article in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" may encompass both a direction of below and a direction of above. The article may have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The terms "first," "second," and the like herein are used for distinguishing between two different elements or regions and are not intended to limit a particular position or relative relationship. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first," "second," etc. may also be interchanged with one another.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 of the present invention as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hydrogen sulfide absorption device comprises a gas-liquid absorption cavity 1, a liquid distributor 2, an absorption tube 3, an absorption liquid inlet 4, an absorption liquid outlet 5, a hydrogen sulfide gas inlet 6, a tail gas outlet 7, a gas inlet distributor 8, an internal baffle 9, an outlet demister 10, a nozzle 13 and the like, wherein the above components divide the movement of hydrogen sulfide in a gas chamber into a plurality of independent and mutually connected treatment bins, namely, a hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bin 12 in fig. 3.
In the hydrogen sulfide absorption device of embodiment 1, the liquid distributor 2 is disposed in the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1 and is constructed by a curved surface, and the absorption liquid enters from the absorption liquid inlet 4 and is sprayed to the liquid distributor 2 by the nozzle 13, and the liquid distributor 2 receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle 13 and forms a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor 2. The absorption tubes 3 are arranged in a row below the liquid distributor 2 and absorb the impact of liquid droplets from the liquid film formation. The gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is uniformly distributed under the action of the gas phase inlet distributor 8 in the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1, and the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide after uniform distribution contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube 3 in a horizontal or cross flow mode to carry out absorption reaction. Preferably, and without limitation, the absorbent tubes 3 are arranged in a rectangular or regular triangle fashion as a whole. The number of the tube rows in the vertical direction of the absorption tube is generally less than or equal to 10, and if more than 10 rows are required, the liquid distributor 2 is added to perform secondary liquid distribution on the part exceeding 10 rows so as to ensure that no drift occurs. Further, the absorption tube 3 is subjected to hydrophilic treatment, and the surface contact angle is lower than 40 degrees; the minimum flow rate of absorption liquid wetting the absorption tube surface is lower than 0.035kg/ms. The corresponding spray Re number is about 140, and the absorption liquid is not easy to be completely wetted due to bias current, the corresponding spray Re number is generally about 180, the gas-liquid circulation ratio is lower than 1:4, the working flow of the packed tower is far lower, and the liquid consumption is about 1/4-1/3 of that of the packed tower.
As further shown in fig. 2, the outer surface of the liquid distributor 2 is coated with hydrophilic material, and a compact hydrophilic copper coating can be adopted; the liquid distributor 2 constructed by a curved surface is in an egg shape (cross-sectional shape) as a whole, and the diameter of the upper half part of the egg-shaped structure is larger than that of the lower half part. When the device is operated, the liquid sprayed by the nozzle 13 is influenced by the long diameter at the top and the short diameter at the bottom of the curved surface liquid distributor 2, and a uniform liquid film can be spontaneously formed at the bottom of the curved surface liquid distributor. The uniform liquid film formed at the bottom of the liquid distributor 2 is impacted on the surface of the absorption tube 3 in a drop-by-drop manner under the action of the surface tension, viscosity and gravity of the liquid. The absorption liquid which is dropped drop by drop after passing through the liquid distributor 2 can periodically transfer mass with the hydrogen sulfide gas due to the characteristic of the self-drop flow of the horizontal absorption pipe, the interval time is usually 0.2-0.5 s, and finally after the absorption liquid is converted by multiple drops and liquid films of the absorption pipe, the absorption liquid is gathered to the absorption liquid storage tank at the bottom so as to prevent the obstruction of the bottom storage liquid to the hydrogen sulfide flow channel entering the cavity.
As further shown in fig. 3, the inside of the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1 forms a relatively closed hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bin 12 through an internal baffle 9 and a gas inlet distributor 8, the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas is uniformly distributed for a plurality of times and then passes through the absorption pipe 3 for a plurality of times, the gas is redistributed through the gas inlet distributor 8 after passing through the absorption pipe each time, an absorption liquid storage tank (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1 and is used for storing absorption liquid, the absorbed gas is discharged from a top tail gas outlet 7, and the liquid phase is circulated and supplemented through a circulating pump. The gas after absorption is analyzed by outlet concentration, the gas meeting the discharge requirement is discharged from a gas phase discharge port, enters the atmosphere, and the gas which does not meet the set concentration requirement is mixed with the inlet gas through a gas phase circulation pipeline and then returns to the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1. The reacted absorption liquid is detected by a concentration pH meter at the bottom of the device, when the concentration is low, the absorption liquid is supplemented by an absorption liquid inlet 4, and the absorption liquid which does not meet the requirement is discharged by an absorption liquid outlet 5 at the bottom.
As further shown in fig. 1 to 3, the tower body of the hydrogen sulfide absorption device of the present invention is generally rectangular, and may be circular in shape in the case of operating pressure requirements, mainly to provide the temperature and pressure environment required by the process for operation. In addition, the tower bodies can be sequentially connected in series or in parallel according to the absorption efficiency and the treatment capacity, and in the state of the series connection, the absorption liquid flows in the plurality of absorption devices in sequence by means of gravity, and the gas phase can be absorbed for a plurality of times through the communicating pipe in the devices. Preferably, but not by way of limitation, the absorber tube 3 of the present invention is a falling film absorber tube, generally circular, and can be changed to other shapes as desired, such as rectangular, egg-shaped, oval, etc., and the absorber tube material may be stainless steel, aluminum brass, or graphite.
Example 2
The main structures of the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1 of the present invention are basically identical, that is, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hydrogen sulfide absorption device comprises a gas-liquid absorption cavity 1, a liquid distributor 2, an absorption pipe 3, an absorption liquid inlet 4, an absorption liquid outlet 5, a hydrogen sulfide gas inlet 6, a tail gas outlet 7, a gas inlet distributor 8, an internal baffle 9, an outlet demister 10, a nozzle 13 and the like, and the above components divide the movement of hydrogen sulfide in a gas chamber into a plurality of independent and mutually connected treatment bins, that is, a hydrogen sulfide gas absorption bin 12 in fig. 3.
Similarly to example 1, in the hydrogen sulfide absorption apparatus of example 2, the liquid distributor 2 is disposed in the gas-liquid absorption chamber 1 and is constructed by a curved surface, and the absorption liquid enters from the absorption liquid inlet 4 and is sprayed to the liquid distributor 2 by the nozzle 13, and the liquid distributor 2 receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle 13 and forms a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor 2. The absorption tubes 3 are arranged in a row below the liquid distributor 2 and absorb the impact of liquid droplets from the liquid film formation. The gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is uniformly distributed under the action of the gas phase inlet distributor 8 in the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1, and the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide after uniform distribution contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube 3 in a horizontal or cross flow mode to carry out absorption reaction.
Unlike example 1, the pipette of example 2 specifically adopts hydrophilic modification treatment on the basis of example 1, and the surface of the absorption tube is provided with flow guiding units (which play a role in flow guiding and flow blocking), and the flow guiding units may be fin-shaped convex structures, herringbone convex structures and/or arc-shaped convex structures which are uniformly arranged in rows. This embodiment 2 will be described taking the fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 as an example. As shown in fig. 4-a and 4-B, the fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 is a protrusion structure having a three-dimensional curved shape closely fitted to the absorption tube 3, the protrusion structure being uniformly arranged at intervals in a row along the axial direction of the absorption tube, each fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 including a tip 311 and a wingspan segment 312, the tip 311 being capable of piercing an interface formed by methane and air in a gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide without absorbing a gas layer. The span section 312 extends from the tip 311 to two sides along the axial direction of the absorption tube 3, and is used for blocking the circumferential movement of the absorption liquid along the absorption tube 3 and guiding the absorption liquid to axially move along the span of the wing-shaped bulge structure (the axial direction of the absorption tube), so that the axial spreading width and the axial spreading area of the liquid film are effectively increased.
Preferably, but not by way of limitation, the fin-shaped raised structures 31 and the absorption tube 3 are subjected to super-hydrophilic treatment, the surface contact angle is lower than 5 degrees, the axial spreading width of the absorption liquid is 20-40 mm, the minimum flow rate of the absorption liquid is 0.005-0.025 kg/ms, the corresponding spraying Re number is 20-100, the gas-liquid ratio is 1:2-1:3, the optimized minimum gas-liquid ratio can be close to 1/8-1/6 of the packed tower, and the liquid phase operation elastic range is obviously increased.
The fin-shaped protruding structures 31 are distributed on the absorption tube 3 according to the Taylor unstable length distribution of the absorption liquid, the preferable interval is about 15-30mm, liquid films formed by the absorption liquid can be mutually interacted and overlapped at the middle positions of two adjacent fin-shaped protruding structures, cooperative fluctuation is generated, and the updating of the inside of the absorption liquid is promoted. Further, the fin-shaped protrusion structures 31 are arranged at intervals of 30 to 120 ° along the circumferential direction of the absorption tube 3; the width of the fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 may be 0.5 to 1.0cm; the fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 may have a span ranging from 5 to 15mm; the fin-shaped protrusion structure 31 may have a thickness of 0.5 to 1.0cm. These preferred structures facilitate blocking the circumferential movement of the absorption liquid without impeding the passage of the absorption liquid across the fin-shaped protrusion structures. Through numerical simulation calculation, the fin-shaped bulge structure 31 in the range can increase the movement time of the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube 3, promote the three-dimensional movement of the absorption liquid, change the thickness distribution of the absorption liquid, form an internal speed gradient and strengthen absorption.
The absorption liquid is sprayed out through the top nozzle 13, is distributed through the coated curved surface liquid distributor 2 and then is impacted on the absorption tube 3, and the absorption liquid is impacted on the surface of the absorption tube in a drop-by-drop mode due to low flow rate, is absorbed and is spread to a certain distance and then is contacted with the wing-shaped bulge structure 31. The absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube 3 is piled up under the flow guiding and flow blocking effects of the local wing-shaped bulge structure, the circumferential kinetic energy disappears, the absorption liquid is redistributed in the axial direction, and the liquid film thickness, the liquid film residence time and the liquid film kinetic energy redistribution are realized. When the absorption liquid reaches the bottom of the flow guiding structure, the liquid film formed by the absorption liquid and the liquid film formed by the adjacent absorption liquid drops mutually collide, meet and cooperatively fluctuate on the surface of the absorption tube. The methane and the air which cannot be absorbed are separated by a boundary layer in the movement direction after encountering the fin-shaped bulge structure, severe local disturbance is generated, and the hydrogen sulfide in the gas phase is remixed with the methane and the air, so that the contact probability of the absorption liquid and the hydrogen sulfide is increased. The flow guiding and blocking structures represented by the fin-shaped bulge structures can increase the movement of the gas phase.
Example 3
The hydrogen sulfide absorbing device of the embodiment 3 of the present invention is similar to the embodiments 1 and 2, and is mainly used for disposing leaked low-concentration hydrogen sulfide, the reaction heat is usually removed by means of an external heat exchange device, a cooling water unit is added on the basis of the embodiments 1 and 2, heat removal is performed by a tube side of the absorbing tube 3 which is horizontally arranged, as shown in fig. 5, the absorbing tube 3 runs outside the absorbing tube, cooling water runs in the absorbing tube 3, the cooling water enters from the cooling water inlet 16, is discharged from the cooling water outlet 17 after passing through the multi-tube-pass distribution baffle 18 (both ends are provided with distribution baffles with different heights), and the heat of reaction is removed from the device by means of convection heat exchange, so that the absorption is facilitated.
Example 4
Embodiment 4 of the present invention is a method embodiment, and the hydrogen sulfide absorption method includes the following steps: firstly, forming a uniform liquid film at the bottom of a liquid distributor 2 positioned in a gas-liquid absorption cavity 1; secondly, the liquid film impacts the surface of the absorption tube 3 in a drop-by-drop manner under the action of the surface tension, the viscosity and the gravity of the liquid to absorb; finally, the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a horizontal or cross-flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity 1 to carry out absorption reaction.
Preferably, but not by way of limitation, the gaseous phase containing hydrogen sulfide may be absorbed in the gas-liquid absorption chamber for a plurality of times, and when the absorption is performed for a plurality of times, the gaseous phase containing hydrogen sulfide is distributed again through the absorption connection pipe (not shown) and the gaseous phase inlet distributor 8 after the absorption reaction is performed in the former hydrogen sulfide gas absorption chamber 12, and then enters the next hydrogen sulfide gas absorption chamber 12 for absorption.
Further, in the process that the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a horizontal or cross-flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity, the method further comprises the following specific steps: puncturing an interface formed by methane and air in a gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide to not absorb the gas layer; blocking the movement of the absorption liquid in the circumferential direction of the absorption tube 3 and guiding the movement of the absorption liquid in the axial direction of the absorption tube 3.
The hydrogen sulfide absorption device and the absorption method are suitable for emergency absorption of leaked hydrogen sulfide with the concentration of hydrogen sulfide lower than 5000ppm, and through liquid circulation, gas phase repeated absorption, surface wettability change and configuration change, absorption liquid is enabled to be in multi-time cross-flow contact with the hydrogen sulfide gas in a dropwise manner in the whole reaction cavity, so that the consumption of the absorption liquid is obviously reduced, the total consumption of the absorption liquid is 1/8-1/3 of that of a common packed tower, the mass transfer performance is ensured, and the water consumption of equipment is reduced.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications of the above-described exemplary embodiments should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus, characterized by comprising:
the liquid distributor is arranged in the gas-liquid absorption cavity and is constructed by a curved surface, the whole liquid distributor constructed by the curved surface is egg-shaped, and the diameter of the upper half part of the egg-shaped structure is larger than that of the lower half part of the egg-shaped structure; the liquid distributor receives the absorption liquid from the nozzle and forms a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor; the uniform liquid film formed at the bottom of the liquid distributor is impacted on the surface of the absorption tube in a drop-by-drop manner under the action of the surface tension, viscosity and gravity of the liquid to be absorbed;
absorption tubes which are arranged below the liquid distributor in rows and absorb the impact of liquid drops formed by the liquid film; the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a horizontal or cross-flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction; the surface of the absorption tube is a hydrophilic surface and is provided with a flow guiding unit.
2. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid distributor is coated with a hydrophilic material on the outer surface thereof.
3. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is uniformly distributed in the gas-liquid absorbing chamber through a gas phase inlet distributor and then contacts the absorbing liquid on the surface of the absorbing pipe in a horizontal or cross-flow manner.
4. A hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas-liquid absorbing chamber is divided into a plurality of hydrogen sulfide gas absorbing chambers by internal baffles, and the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase is absorbed separately in sequence in the absorbing chambers.
5. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is distributed again through the absorption connection pipe and the gas phase inlet distributor after the absorption reaction in the preceding absorption chamber, and then enters the next absorption chamber for absorption.
6. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flow guiding units are fin-shaped convex structures, herringbone convex structures and/or circular arc-shaped convex structures which are uniformly arranged in rows.
7. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the fin-shaped protrusion structure has a three-dimensional curved shape, specifically comprising:
a tip for puncturing an interface non-absorbing gas layer formed by methane and air in the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas phase;
and a wingspan section extending from the tip end to two sides along the axial direction of the absorption tube and used for blocking the circumferential movement of the absorption liquid along the absorption tube and guiding the absorption liquid to axially move along the wingspan of the wing-shaped bulge structure.
8. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the absorbing pipes are arranged in a rectangular manner or in a regular triangle manner as a whole.
9. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the number of tube rows in the vertical direction of the absorbing tubes is 10 or less; the parts exceeding 10 rows are subjected to secondary liquid distribution by adding the liquid distributor.
10. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a cooling water unit is provided at an end portion of the absorbing pipe, the cooling water unit performing heat exchange through a tube side of the absorbing pipe placed horizontally; the cooling water unit comprises a cooling water inlet arranged at the upper part of the gas-liquid absorption cavity, a cooling water outlet arranged at the lower part of the gas-liquid absorption cavity and a multi-tube-pass distribution baffle plate arranged between the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet.
11. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface contact angle of the absorbing pipe is lower than 40 °; the minimum flow rate of absorption liquid wetting the surface of the absorption tube is lower than 0.035kg/ms.
12. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the fin-shaped protrusion structures are arranged at intervals of 30 to 120 ° in the circumferential direction of the absorbing pipe; the width of the wing-shaped protruding structures is 0.5 to 1.0cm; the span range of the wing-shaped bulge structure is 5-15 mm; the fin-shaped protrusion structure has a thickness of 0.5 to 1.0cm.
13. A method of hydrogen sulfide absorption using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the steps of:
forming a uniform liquid film at the bottom of the liquid distributor positioned in the gas-liquid absorption cavity;
the liquid film is impacted on the surface of the absorption tube in a drop-by-drop manner under the action of liquid surface tension, viscosity force and gravity to absorb;
the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide contacts with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in a horizontal or cross-flow mode in the gas-liquid absorption cavity to carry out absorption reaction.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide is absorbed in the gas-liquid absorption chamber for a plurality of times, and after the absorption reaction in the former absorption chamber, the gas phase is distributed again through the absorption connection pipe and the gas phase inlet distributor, and then enters the next absorption chamber for absorption.
15. The hydrogen sulfide absorbing method according to claim 13, characterized in that the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide during the contact with the absorption liquid on the surface of the absorption tube in the gas-liquid absorption chamber in a horizontal or cross-flow manner, further comprises:
puncturing an interface non-absorbing gas layer formed by methane and air in the gas phase containing hydrogen sulfide;
blocking the absorption liquid from moving along the circumferential direction of the absorption tube and guiding the absorption liquid to move along the axial direction of the absorption tube.
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| CN202011279156.XA CN114504931B (en) | 2020-11-16 | 2020-11-16 | Hydrogen sulfide absorbing device and absorbing method |
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| CN202011279156.XA CN114504931B (en) | 2020-11-16 | 2020-11-16 | Hydrogen sulfide absorbing device and absorbing method |
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| CN115105928B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2023-12-26 | 南京大学 | Promoting CO 2 Decarbonization device and method for absorbing mass transfer rate |
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