CN114501966A - Wave-absorbing material with zero-dimension/one-dimension/two-dimension composite nanostructure and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Wave-absorbing material with zero-dimension/one-dimension/two-dimension composite nanostructure and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nano-structure type wave-absorbing material which comprises two-dimensional MXene, zero-dimensional metal particles and a one-dimensional carbon nano tube, wherein the zero-dimensional metal particles are loaded on the surface of the two-dimensional MXene simultaneously, and the one-dimensional carbon nano tube grows in situ. The wave-absorbing material has superior maximum reflectivity and absorption bandwidth. The invention also provides a preparation method of the wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure. The preparation method is simple and efficient, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. The invention also provides the application of the wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimension/one-dimension/two-dimension composite nano structure in the fields of military stealth and civil electromagnetic protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave absorbing materials, and particularly relates to a zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure type wave absorbing material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of information technology, especially the arrival of the 5G era, electronic devices are widely used in daily life. However, electronic devices can cause serious electromagnetic pollution, which not only affects human health, but also causes the electronic devices to malfunction and degrade in civil or military applications, and thus the demand for wave-absorbing materials is increasing.
The traditional wave-absorbing materials comprise ferrite, barium titanate, metal micro powder, graphite, silicon carbide, conductive fibers and the like, and the traditional wave-absorbing materials usually have the defects of narrow absorption band, high density, large filling rate, easy oxidation and the like, so that the practical application of the traditional wave-absorbing materials is limited.
With the rapid development of science and technology, the traditional wave-absorbing material can not meet the requirement of rapid frequency increase at present, and the research on the novel wave-absorbing material with the shapes of width, thickness, light weight and strength is the research direction in the field. Recent research results show that skillfully designing a special structure with adjustable electromagnetic parameters is a feasible strategy for improving the microwave absorption performance.
Chinese patent with publication number CN111629575A discloses a preparation method of MXene-based nano composite wave-absorbing material, which comprises the following steps: mixing MXene prepared by an etching method with metal salt, pretreating, irradiating the pretreated mixed solution, and performing aftertreatment to obtain the MXene-based nano composite wave-absorbing material. According to the method, the magnetic nanoparticles are introduced and uniformly loaded on the surface of the MXene material, so that the impedance matching performance of the composite material is improved, the maximum reflection loss of the MXene-based nano composite wave-absorbing material is 28dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 2.65 GHz.
The Chinese patent with publication number CN107645065A discloses a preparation method of an onion carbon/MXene layered wave-absorbing composite material, which comprises the following steps: titanium silicon carbon is used as a raw material, is corroded by hydrofluoric acid with different concentrations, is washed by deionized water and is dried to obtain an MXene material; uniformly dispersing the prepared MXene material in deionized water by using an ultrasonic dispersion method to obtain a suspension of the Mxene material; uniformly dispersing the onion carbon nano material in deionized water by adopting an ultrasonic dispersion method to obtain a suspension of the onion carbon nano material; preparing the MXene material suspension solution and the onion carbon material suspension solution by adopting an alternate filtration method to obtain an onion carbon/MXene layered wave-absorbing composite material; the prepared onion carbon/MXene layered wave-absorbing composite material is light in weight, thin in thickness and good in reflectivity in a microwave frequency range.
However, the relatively simple material structure design/composition of the wave-absorbing composite materials disclosed in the above two patents has a limited improvement on the wave-absorbing performance of the materials, and the absorption strength and the effective bandwidth are small. Based on the above, there is a need to design a high-efficiency wave-absorbing material with a composite nano-structure having superior light-weight broadband wave-absorbing performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nano-structure type wave-absorbing material which has superior maximum reflectivity and absorption bandwidth.
The wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure comprises two-dimensional MXene, zero-dimensional metal particles and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, wherein the zero-dimensional metal particles are loaded on the surface of the two-dimensional MXene simultaneously, and the one-dimensional carbon nanotubes are grown in situ.
In the material compounded by the zero-dimensional Co particles, the one-dimensional Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and the two-dimensional MXene, electrons at a heterogeneous interface of the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional material are easy to form an interface polarization consumption center of electromagnetic loss at the heterogeneous interface due to the difference between the work functions of the materials, so that the consumption of incident electromagnetic waves is greatly promoted. Furthermore, since the presence of a large number of defects in CNTs and MXene can cause dipole polarization, and electronic transitions in the MXene/CNTs conductive network can cause conduction losses, multiple scattering reflections and scattering between the MXene sheets and CNTs also help to attenuate electromagnetic waves; the zero-dimensional metal particles can optimize the impedance matching of the wave absorber and provide magnetic loss, so that higher high-frequency wave absorbing property can be realized under the condition of low filling rate.
The general formula of the two-dimensional MXene is Mn+1XnT, wherein M is a transition metal Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta or W; x is carbon and/or nitrogen; t is O, F or an OH function; wherein n is 1, 2, 3.
The zero-dimensional metal is Fe, Co or Ni.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing the two-dimensional MXene in an organic solution to obtain a two-dimensional MXene organic solution, adding a metal salt into the two-dimensional MXene organic solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution A; dissolving a proper amount of organic ligand in a certain organic solution, and adding the organic ligand into the solution A. Finally, stirring, standing and drying the mixed solution to obtain MOF/MXene; carbonizing the MOF/MXene at high temperature to obtain the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure type wave-absorbing material.
The organic solution is monohydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol and a mixed solvent thereof.
The metal salt is nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, acetate or chloride.
The organic ligand is 2-methylimidazole, 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde, 4-bromoimidazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, terephthalic acid, trimesic acid and naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride.
The molar ratio of the metal salt to the organic ligand is 1: 4-10. The MOF particles grow irregularly due to too high molar ratio, and the MOF nucleation is slower due to too low molar ratio, which is not beneficial to electrostatic adsorption and compounding on the two-dimensional MXene.
The stirring time is 5-10min, and the standing time is 3-5 h.
The solvothermal reaction parameters are as follows: the reaction temperature is 60-200 ℃, and the reaction time is 8-24 h.
The high-temperature carbonization process comprises the following steps: at Ar/H2Heating to 700-900 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min under the atmosphere, and carbonizing for 2-8 h.
Further, said Ar and H2The volume ratio of (1) is 95% to 5% vol/vol. H is a hydrogen atom2The purpose of the addition is to improve the reducibility of the high temperature atmosphere, which helps to obtain Co particles and CNTs.
The invention also provides the application of the wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimension/one-dimension/two-dimension composite nano structure in the fields of military stealth and civil electromagnetic protection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the interfacial polarization effect between zero-dimensional metal particles, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional MXene, and simultaneously, a large number of defects in CNTs and MXene can cause dipole polarization, conduction loss caused by electronic transition in MXene/CNTs conductive network, and multiple scattering reflection and scattering between MXene sheets and CNT also help to attenuate electromagnetic waves. In addition, the zero-dimensional metal magnetic particles in the composite material can optimize the impedance matching of the wave absorber and provide magnetic loss, so that the high-frequency wave absorbing property of the material is further improved and optimized under the condition of low filling rate. The structure can realize high-efficiency broadband absorption of electromagnetic waves and achieve high-efficiency absorption. The prepared zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nano structure has excellent light broadband absorption performance at 2-18GHz, the maximum reflectivity of the nano structure can reach-50.5 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth can reach 3.2 GHz.
(2) The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and efficient, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing that Co @ C/Ti having zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional structure is prepared in example 12SEM and TEM schematic of C MXene, where FIG. 1(a) is Co @ C/Ti2SEM image of C MXene, FIG. 1(b) is Co @ C/Ti2TEM image of C MXene;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing that Co @ C/Ti having zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional structure prepared in example 1 was2XRD characterization pattern of C MXene;
FIG. 3 shows the preparation of Co @ C/Ti having zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional structure in example 12A reflection loss curve diagram of C MXene;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the preparation of Ni @ C/Nb with zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional structures in example 22A reflection loss curve diagram of C MXene;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing that Fe @ C/V having a zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional structure is prepared in example 32A reflection loss curve diagram of C MXene;
FIG. 6 shows Ti prepared in comparative example 12A reflection loss curve diagram of C MXene;
FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of the reflection loss curve for Co @ C prepared in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-efficiency microwave absorption composite material zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional Co @ C/MXene comprises the following steps:
(one) preparation of Ti2C MXene
Weighing 2g LiF powder at room temperature, pouring into 40ml HCl (AR), stirring at 350r/min for 40min at room temperature, and then adding 2g MAX phase powder Ti3AlC2Pouring into the solution, bathing in water at 35 deg.C, and stirring at 250r/min for 24 h. The resulting solution was washed repeatedly by centrifugation with deionized water until pH > 6. Diluting the obtained precipitate in 500ml beaker, performing ultrasonic treatment for 3h, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, and drying with freeze dryer to obtain single-layer Ti2C MXene powder.
(II) preparation of Co-MOF/Ti2C MXene
The single-layer Ti prepared in the step (a) is2C MXene 10mg dissolved in 20ml methanol solution and 1mmol Co (NO) added3)2·6H2O, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a mixed solution A; simultaneously dissolving 8mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 20ml of methanol solution, and stirring for 45min to obtain a mixed solution B; and pouring A into B under the condition of stirring, stirring for 2 hours, standing overnight, and freeze-drying to obtain Co-MOF/MXene.
(III) preparation of Co @ C/Ti2C MXene
The Co-MOF/Ti prepared in the second step2Placing C MXene powder into a tube furnace in Ar/H2Heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 4h, naturally cooling, and collecting powder to obtain Co @ C/Ti2C MXene. SEM and TEM results show (FIGS. 1a and b) that Co @ C/Ti is obtained in example 12C MXene has a remarkable 0D (metal particles)/1D (carbon nano tubes)/2D (MXene material) structure nano composite structure; meanwhile, XRD results show (figure 2), that the prepared Co @ C/Ti2The C MXene has obvious diffraction peaks of metal Co particles, and the existence of the metal particles is confirmed.
Example 2
High-efficiency microwave absorption composite material 0D/1D/2D Ni @ C/Nb2The preparation method of the C MXene comprises the following steps:
(one) preparation of Nb2C MXene
The same as that in step (one) of example 1, except that: adding the Ti in the step (a)3AlC2Replacement of MAX phase powder with Nb3AlC2MAX phase powder to obtain Nb2CMXene。
(II) preparation of Ni-MOF/Nb2C MXene
The single-layer Nb prepared in the step (a) is2C MXene 10mg dissolved in 20ml methanol solution and 1mmol Ni (NO) added3)2·6H2O, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a mixed solution A; simultaneously dissolving 8mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 20ml of methanol solution, and stirring for 45min to obtain a mixed solution B; pouring A into B under the condition of stirring, stirring for 10min, transferring the mixed solution into a 50ml reaction kettle, heating to 120 ℃, preserving heat for 12h, centrifugally washing, and freeze-drying to obtain Ni-MOF/Nb2C MXene。
(III) preparation of Ni @ C/Nb2C MXene
Putting the Ni-MOF/MXene powder prepared in the second step into a tube furnace, and performing reaction on the powder in Ar/H2Heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 4h, naturally cooling, and collecting powder to obtain Ni @ C/MXene.
Example 3
High-efficiency microwave absorption composite material 0D/1D/2D Fe @ C/V2The preparation method of the C MXene comprises the following steps:
preparation of V2C MXene
The same as that in step (one) of example 1, except that: adding the Ti in the step (a)3AlC2Replacement of MAX phase powder by V3AlC2MAX phase powder to prepare V2C MXene。
(II) preparation of Fe-MOF/V2C MXene
The monolayer V prepared in the above (one)2C MXene 10mg are weighed out and dissolved in 20ml of methanol, and 1mmol of Fe (NO) are added3)2·6H2O, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a mixed solution A; simultaneously dissolving 8mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 20ml of methanol solution, and stirring for 45min to obtain a mixed solution B; pouring A into B under the condition of stirring, stirring for 10min, transferring the mixed solution into a 50ml reaction kettle, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat for 12h, centrifugally washing, and freeze-drying to obtain Fe-MOF/V2C MXene。
(III) preparation of Fe @ C/V2C MXene
The Fe-MOF/V prepared in the step (II) is2Placing C MXene powder into a tube furnace in Ar/H2Heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 4h, naturally cooling, and collecting powder to obtain Fe @ C/V2C MXene。
Comparative example 1
The preparation procedure was the same as in the step (one) of example 1, except that only Ti was prepared2CMXene, does not include subsequent MOF growth and catalytic cleavage steps.
Comparative example 2
The preparation procedure was essentially the same as in example 1, except that Ti was not added2C MXene, the preparation process further comprises the following steps of obtaining a name of Co @ C:
(one) preparation of Co-MOF
To 20ml of a methanol solution was added 1mmol of Co (NO)3)2·6H2O, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a mixed solution A; simultaneously dissolving 8mmol of 2-methylimidazole in 20ml of methanol solution, and stirring for 45min to obtain a mixed solution B; and pouring the A into the B under the condition of stirring, stirring for 10min, transferring the mixed solution into a 50ml reaction kettle, heating to 120 ℃, preserving the heat for 12h, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the Ni-MOF.
(II) preparation of Co @ C
Putting the Co-MOF powder prepared in the second step into a tube furnace, and performing Ar/H reaction on the Co-MOF powder2Heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 4h, naturally cooling, and collecting powder to obtain Co @ C.
Application example
The zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nano-structure type wave-absorbing material is mixed into silica gel according to a certain mass ratio, the mixture is uniformly stirred and then is coated and scraped into a film in a casting mode, and the film is continuously cast into a film for multiple times on the basis of the film after being dried, so that the electromagnetic wave-absorbing patch with a certain thickness is prepared. Finally, the obtained wave-absorbing patch is cut into a customized size and shape and is attached to a target electromagnetic source, so that the purpose of electromagnetic protection is achieved. In the civil aspect, for example, a sub-6G communication mobile phone (the current used frequency band is 4.5-5GHz, and the loss capacity is less than-10 dB), in order to ensure the normal communication of the mobile phone, the prepared wave-absorbing patch is attached to the relevant position of a circuit in the mobile phone, so that the crosstalk of internal high-frequency signals can be effectively reduced, and the purposes of electromagnetic compatibility of the working frequency band and communication quality improvement are achieved. In the military aspect, the working frequency of the current military fire control and target tracking radar is mostly in an X wave band (the frequency range is 8-12GHz, the wavelength of the radar is below 3 cm), and the wave-absorbing material is attached to the corresponding electromagnetic overflow part of the radar, so that the radar stealth can be effectively carried out, and the radar battlefield viability is improved.
And (3) performance characterization:
the wave-absorbing materials prepared in the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 are respectively and uniformly mixed with molten paraffin according to the mass ratio of 1:1 (namely, the content of the absorbent is 50%), and then the mixture is pressed into a standard coaxial ring sample with the inner diameter of 3.0mm, the outer diameter of 7.0mm and the thickness of 2.0mm in a special mould. The electromagnetic performance of each sample in the range of 2-18GHz was measured by a vector network analyzer (VNA; model: Agilent N5234A) by a coaxial method.
Utilizing Co @ C/Ti as described in example 12The electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the sample prepared from the C MXene wave absorbing material is shown in figure 3. When the matching thickness is 2.0mm, the effective bandwidth of the antenna is 3.2GHz within the frequency band of 2-18GHz, and the maximum reflectivity is-50 dB;
utilizing Ni @ C/Nb as described in example 22The electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the sample prepared from the C MXene wave-absorbing material is shown in FIG. 4. When the matching thickness is 2.0mm, the effective bandwidth of the antenna is 4.0GHz within the frequency band of 2-18GHz, and the maximum reflectivity is-42 dB.
Utilizing Fe @ C/V as described in example 32The electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the sample prepared from the C MXene wave absorbing material is shown in FIG. 5. When the matching thickness is 2.0mm, the effective bandwidth of the antenna is 3.2GHz within the frequency band of 2-18GHz, and the maximum reflectivity is-43 dB.
Use of Ti as described in comparative example 12The electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the sample prepared from the C MXene wave absorbing material is shown in FIG. 6. When the matching thickness is 2.0mm, the effective bandwidth of the antenna is 0GHz within a frequency band of 2-18GHz, and the maximum reflectivity is-7.3 dB.
The electromagnetic wave absorption performance of a sample prepared by using the Co @ C wave-absorbing material in the comparative example 1 is shown in figure 7. When the matching thickness is 2.0mm, the effective bandwidth of the antenna is 0GHz within a frequency band of 2-18GHz, and the maximum reflectivity is-8.8 dB.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention, it should be noted that all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure is characterized by comprising two-dimensional MXene, zero-dimensional metal particles and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, wherein the zero-dimensional metal particles are loaded on the surface of the two-dimensional MXene, and the one-dimensional carbon nanotubes are grown in situ.
2. The wave-absorbing material with zero/one/two-dimensional composite nanostructure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the general formula of the two-dimensional MXene is Mn+1XnT, wherein M is a transition metal Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta or W; x is carbon and/or nitrogen; t is O, F or an OH function; wherein n is 1, 2, 3.
3. The wave-absorbing material with zero-dimension/one-dimension/two-dimension composite nanostructure according to claim 1, wherein the zero-dimension metal is Fe, Co or Ni.
4. A method for preparing a wave-absorbing material with zero/one/two dimensional composite nanostructure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
dispersing the two-dimensional MXene in an organic solution to obtain a two-dimensional MXene organic solution, adding metal salt into the two-dimensional MXene organic solution, performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution, adding an organic ligand into the mixed solution, stirring, standing and drying to obtain MOF/MXene; carbonizing the MOF/MXene at high temperature to obtain the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure type wave-absorbing material.
5. The method for preparing the wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure of claim 4, wherein the organic solution is monohydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol and mixed solvent thereof.
6. The method for preparing the wave-absorbing material with zero-dimension/one-dimension/two-dimension composite nanostructure according to claim 4, wherein the metal salt is nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, acetate or chloride.
7. The method for preparing the wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure according to claim 4, wherein the organic ligand is 2-methylimidazole, 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde, 4-bromoimidazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, terephthalic acid, trimesic acid or naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride.
8. The method for preparing the wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure of claim 4, wherein the molar ratio of the metal salt to the organic ligand is 1: 4-10.
9. The method for preparing the wave-absorbing material with the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional composite nanostructure according to claim 4, wherein the high-temperature carbonization process comprises: at Ar/H2Heating to 700-900 ℃ at the heating rate of (2-10)/min under the atmosphere, and carbonizing for 2-8 h.
10. The use of the zero/one/two dimensional composite nanostructure type wave-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the fields of military stealth and civil electromagnetic protection.
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CN115074086A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-20 | 西北工业大学 | Zn-MOFs derived ZnO/C/Ti 3 C 2 Composite wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
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CN114932734A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-23 | 广东国科电磁防护科技有限公司 | Electromagnetic shielding multilayer composite film and processing technology thereof |
CN114932734B (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-11-18 | 广东国科电磁防护科技有限公司 | Electromagnetic shielding multilayer composite film and processing technology thereof |
CN115074086A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-20 | 西北工业大学 | Zn-MOFs derived ZnO/C/Ti 3 C 2 Composite wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
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