CN114498696A

CN114498696A - Method and system for controlling chargeable and dischargeable electric quantity of charge and discharge equipment group in power grid

Info

Publication number: CN114498696A
Application number: CN202111196860.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 菊池智志
Original assignee: Toyota Motor Corp
Current assignee: Toyota Motor Corp
Priority date: 2020-10-25
Filing date: 2021-10-14
Publication date: 2022-05-13
Also published as: US20220126719A1; JP7259825B2; EP3989381A1; US11945328B2; JP2022069351A

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for controlling chargeable and dischargeable electric quantities of groups of charging and discharging devices in an electric power network. In the power transmission and distribution system, each charge and discharge device includes a communication unit configured to receive information on a charge and discharge demand amount of at least one other charge and discharge device. In each of the charge and discharge devices, a consensus value obtained by dividing a sum of the charge requirement amounts and a sum of the discharge requirement amounts of all the charge and discharge devices by the number of agents, respectively, is calculated according to an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system using the charge and discharge requirement amount of itself and information on the charge and discharge requirement amounts of the other charge and discharge devices acquired by the communication unit, and a limit amount of the charge execution amount or the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices is controlled based on the consensus value.

Description

Method and system for controlling chargeable and dischargeable electric quantity of charge and discharge equipment group in power grid

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method and system for controlling charging and discharging electric quantities of chargers and dischargers connected to a power grid in a power supply system or a power transmission and distribution system, and more particularly, to a method and system for controlling an electric quantity chargeable and dischargeable by each charger and discharger in a configuration in which a storage battery is charged and discharged by each of a plurality of chargers and dischargers connected to a local power grid (e.g., a microgrid). The battery connected to each charger and discharger may be mounted on a mobile object (e.g., an electrically driven vehicle) and may be any battery that is detachable from each charger and discharger.

Background

With the widespread use of vehicles, such as Electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "electrically driven vehicles"), on which large-capacity storage batteries are mounted, charge and discharge devices (Electric Vehicle Power stations, EVPS) for charging and discharging the storage batteries of the electrically driven vehicles have been installed in various facilities, such as towns, houses, shops, and factories. A charging and discharging device for a battery of an electrically driven vehicle has a configuration in which a charger and discharger are connected to a power grid. The charge-discharge device is configured to receive electric power from the power grid when charging the storage battery and to supply electric power to the power grid when discharging the storage battery, in a case where the electrically-driven vehicle reaches the charge-discharge device and the storage battery thereof is connected to the charge-discharge device. In such a charge-discharge device, a battery of an electrically driven vehicle is charged and discharged according to a situation of the electrically driven vehicle. Therefore, since the power of the power grid may become unstable when the amount of power flowing into and out of the power grid is not limited, various configurations for controlling the chargeable and dischargeable amount of power of the charge and discharge device have been proposed. For example, Japanese unexamined patent application publication No. 2015-61496 proposes a technique, wherein in a charging station in which a charger for charging a plurality of electrically-driven vehicles and a plurality of stationary storage batteries is connected to a system power grid, a charging management apparatus that acquires information on the electrically-driven vehicles, information on maximum output power of the stationary storage batteries and the like, information on power supply from the system power grid available for charging, charger information on maximum output power of the charger, and the like calculates a preliminary charging amount representing an amount of charging that each electrically-driven vehicle can be charged at the charging station, and on the basis of satisfying a certain constraint condition, the charging condition is determined such that the charging time of each electrically-driven vehicle and the maximum output power of the charger are respectively kept within a certain range and the difference between the maximum charge amount and the preliminary charge amount of each electrically-driven vehicle is small. Further, WO2014141315 proposes a charging time adjustment device that acquires a planned power supply amount of an electric system including a charger connected to an electric vehicle at the time of charging the electric vehicle, and sets a charging time so as to charge the electric vehicle using the charger within a period in which the planned power supply amount exceeds a threshold, and a charging system that includes a prediction device that calculates a power supply amount to be supplied by a renewable energy source, and the charging time adjustment device.

Disclosure of Invention

A power supply system or a power transmission and distribution system, in which such a charge and discharge device is also installed, has been configured only to distribute power (a form of concentrated power generation) from a large power plant to users in various regions through a large power transmission and distribution network covering a wide area, but due to recent advances in renewable energy power generation technologies (such as solar power generation and wind power generation), as a power transmission and distribution system, the following configurations have been proposed and implemented: the power grid, known as a microgrid, transmits and distributes power obtained from small power generation facilities (decentralized power sources) to users within a relatively small area. In such a microgrid, there is generally a provider (power retailer) that manages supply and demand of power within the microgrid, and the microgrid is connected to a system power grid (a centralized power grid that supplies power from a large power plant) by the provider and is configured to regulate the surplus or shortage of power within the microgrid. In other words, the supplier is configured to receive (purchase) the power of the shortage amount of power from the system power grid when the amount of power obtained from the power generation facility in the microgrid is less than the amount of power consumed or stored in the microgrid, and supply (sell) the power of the remaining amount of power to the system power grid when the amount of power supplied exceeds the amount of power required.

In such a microgrid, a supplier manages the amount of power flowing in the power grid of the microgrid to maintain the stability of the power in the power grid and not to affect the stability of the power of the system power grid received and supplied by the microgrid. Specifically, for example, the supplier sets a planned value (sum of the amount of power generated by the power generation facility within the microgrid and the amount of power received from the system power grid: the feeding power amount) for the amount of power supplied to the microgrid in advance, and sets a condition that the difference between the actual feeding power amount in the microgrid and the planned value is within a predetermined error range as one of the conditions to be managed (management condition). Further, for this reason, as another management condition, the supplier sets the following condition: the supply-demand balance, i.e., the ratio of the amount of electricity consumed in the microgrid (the sum of the amounts of electricity consumed by various facilities (the required amount of electricity) and the amount of electricity charged in the storage battery) to the amount of electricity discharged to the microgrid (the sum of the amount of electricity fed and the amount of electricity discharged from the storage battery: the amount of electricity fed) is within a predetermined ratio range. In other words, in the above example, in the microgrid, the management conditions are: (1) the difference between the amount of feed power and the planned value is within a predetermined error range, and (2) the supply-demand balance is within a predetermined ratio range. Then system instability or payment of unbalanced fines may occur if the state within the microgrid deviates from such regulatory conditions.

In the case where a charging/discharging device is installed in the microgrid to charge and discharge a battery of an electrically driven vehicle, it is also necessary to manage the amount of electricity flowing through the microgrid. Therefore, when the storage battery is charged and discharged by the charge and discharge devices, it is desirable to set a limit to the charged amount or the discharged amount of the storage battery in each charge and discharge device so as not to affect the stability of the power of the system power grid or to satisfy the management condition. Since the chargeable and dischargeable electric quantity of each charge-discharge device varies depending on the charge amount and the discharge amount required for the charge-discharge device connected to the microgrid, it is desirable to set a limit amount to the charge amount or the discharge amount depending on the chargeable and dischargeable electric quantity of each charge-discharge device. In this regard, the charge amount and the discharge amount (charge required amount, discharge required amount) required in the charge and discharge device of the battery of the electrically driven vehicle are different for each charge and discharge device and fluctuate from moment to moment. Further, since the storage battery of the electrically driven vehicle may be frequently attached and detached, the charge demand and the discharge demand (hereinafter collectively referred to as "charge-discharge demand") of all the charge-discharge devices within the microgrid are liable to fluctuate. In this case, information on the attached and detached state of the storage battery of the electrically driven vehicle and the charge and discharge demand amount for the charge and discharge devices of all the charge and discharge devices within the microgrid is collected by a single management apparatus (aggregator), such as a supplier, and when the management apparatus adjusts the limit amount of charge and discharge in the respective charge and discharge devices, the processing load and communication load on the management apparatus increase as the number of charge and discharge devices installed within the microgrid increases, and it is expected that the number of such charge and discharge devices will increase significantly in the future (500,000 to 1 million units) with the popularization of the electrically driven vehicle. Therefore, when a single management apparatus attempts to manage the limit amount of charging and discharging of each of a large number of charging and discharging devices each time, the processing load on the management apparatus may become very large, and the processing speed may also become an issue. Further, since the information of the charge-discharge required amount of the storage battery of the electrically driven vehicle connected to the charger and discharger of each charge-discharge device may be personal information of its owner, it is desirable to ensure confidentiality of the information. However, in the case where information on the chargers and chargers of all the charge and discharge devices in the microgrid is collected in a single management apparatus, the burden of confidential management of the information on the management apparatus also increases. Due to the above, it is very advantageous when information on the attached-detached state of the storage battery of the electrically driven vehicle and the charge-discharge demand amount for the charger and discharger of each charge-discharge device within the microgrid is not collected in a single management apparatus, and it is possible to set the limit amount of charge and discharge in each charge-discharge device and control the charge-discharge power amount in each charge-discharge device according to the limit amount.

Accordingly, when a plurality of charge and discharge devices (e.g., EVPS) are installed in a power grid (e.g., microgrid) in a configuration for controlling the chargeable and dischargeable power amounts in the charge and discharge devices, the present invention provides a method or apparatus capable of setting a limit amount of charge and discharge of each charge and discharge device without collecting information on an attached and detached state of a storage battery or a charge and discharge requirement amount for each charge and discharge device in a single management apparatus or capable of controlling the chargeable and discharge power amounts of each charger and discharger so that the charged and discharge power amounts of the charger and discharger are not unlimited or meet a management condition required in the power grid to maintain power stability of the power grid itself or to avoid affecting power stability of a system power grid.

However, with regard to the above point, as described previously, with the introduction of the distributed power supply to the power transmission and distribution system, the theory of introducing the distributed controller of the multi-agent system in the control of the respective power supplies or power consumption has been proposed (for example, see japanese unexamined patent application publication No. 2016 and No. 2020 and 78162). For example, according to the average consensus control of a multi-agent system, it is possible to match an arbitrary state quantity of each agent with the average value of the initial values of the state quantities of all agents in the system simply by controlling the arbitrary state quantity of each agent in the system while referring to the corresponding state quantities of the adjacent agents. Further, when the theory of the average consensus control of the multi-agent system is used, each agent can also know the average value of the initial values of the state quantities of all agents within the system only by referring to the calculated values of the state quantities of the adjacent agents without actually controlling the state quantities of each agent. Therefore, as described above, when the theory of the average consensus control of the multi-agent system is used, in a system in which a plurality of charge and discharge devices (such as EVPS) are connected to a power grid (such as a microgrid), information on, for example, the charge and discharge demand amount allows each charge and discharge device to know the average value of the charge and discharge demand amounts of all charge and discharge devices within the power grid only by referring to the corresponding information of the adjacent charge and discharge devices, and allows the limit amount of charge and discharge of each charge and discharge device to be set or the chargeable and dischargeable electric quantity to be controlled based on such average value. In the present invention, this knowledge is utilized.

A first aspect of the present invention is a method of controlling a chargeable amount of electricity and a dischargeable amount of electricity in respective charge and discharge devices in a power transmission and distribution system. The power transmission and distribution system includes a power grid and a plurality of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid. Each charger-discharger of the charge-discharge device is configured to charge the storage battery with power from the power grid or discharge the storage battery by forwarding the power to the power grid when connected to the storage battery. The power transmission and distribution system includes, in each of the charge and discharge devices, a communication unit configured to receive information on a charge demand amount and a discharge demand amount of at least one other charge and discharge device. The method comprises the following steps: and (3) calculating a consensus value: calculating, in each of the charge and discharge devices, a consensus value obtained by dividing a sum of the charge requirement amounts and a sum of the discharge requirement amounts of all the charge and discharge devices connected to the power grid by the proxy number, respectively, from an average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system with each of the charge and discharge devices as a proxy, using the charge requirement amount of itself and the discharge requirement amount of itself and information on the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount of at least one other charge and discharge device acquired by the communication unit; and a process of controlling, in each of the charge-discharge devices, the limit amount of the execution amount of the charge and the limit amount of the execution amount of the discharge of each of the charge-discharge devices based on the consensus values of the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount.

In the above-described configuration, the "power grid" may refer to a power grid, such as a microgrid, for transmitting and distributing power generated by a distributed power source or received from a system power grid to users within a relatively small area. The "charge and discharge device" may refer to a device having a charger and discharger, such as an EVPS, and is configured to charge the secondary battery with power from the power grid or discharge the secondary battery by forwarding the power to the power grid in response to a request of a secondary battery user while considering a state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery when the secondary battery mounted on an electrically driven vehicle or the like is connected to the charger and discharger. The "charge required amount" and the "discharge required amount" refer to the amount of electricity that requires charging and discharging performed by each charge-discharge device, respectively, the "charge performed amount" and the "discharge performed amount" refer to the amount of electricity that is actually performed by each charge-discharge device, respectively, and the "limit amount on the charge performed amount" and the "limit amount on the discharge performed amount" are the upper limits of the chargeable amount of electricity and the dischargeable amount of electricity, respectively. The "average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system" is a calculation by which, in a multi-agent system having a configuration in which each agent of a plurality of agents changes its own state quantity while referring to an arbitrary state quantity of an adjacent agent, the state quantities of all agents agree (that is, when a convergence condition that the absolute value of the difference between the state quantities of all agents is lower than a certain minute quantity is satisfied) by changing its own state quantity so that the difference between the own state quantity of each agent and the state quantity of the adjacent agent converges to zero, and the "average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system" is a calculation by which the consensus value becomes the average of the initial values of the state quantities of all agents (that is, a value obtained by dividing the sum of the initial values of the state quantities of all agents by the number of agents). In other words, the agents in the multi-agent system constitute an undirected graph. In the case of the method of the present invention, the initial values of the state quantities of the respective agents in the average consensus calculation are the charge required quantity and the discharge required quantity of the respective charge and discharge devices. The consensus value is a value obtained by dividing the sum of the charge demand amounts and the sum of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge and discharge devices by the proxy number, respectively, and is an average value of the charge demand amounts and an average value of the discharge demand amounts, respectively, when the number of proxies matches the number of charge and discharge devices (however, as described below, in the average consensus calculation of a multi-proxy system, the management apparatus of the power grid may also be set as a proxy, in which case the consensus value is a value proportional to the average value of the charge demand amounts and the average value of the discharge demand amounts, respectively). The average consensus calculation process of the multi-agent system may be executed at every predetermined time interval that can be arbitrarily set, or every time the number of charge and discharge devices in the power grid or the number of charge and discharge devices connected to the storage battery is changed, or every time the charge requirement amount or the discharge requirement amount of the charge and discharge devices is changed.

In the above-described method of the present invention, as understood from the configuration, in each of the plurality of charge and discharge devices connected to the power grid, a value obtained by dividing the sum of the charge required amounts and the sum of the discharge required amounts of all the charge and discharge devices by the number of agents, respectively, is obtained as a consensus value, and the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of the respective charge and discharge devices are controlled based on such consensus value. Here, since the consensus value of the charge demand and the consensus value of the discharge demand are values proportional to the sum of the charge demand and the sum of the discharge demand of the charge-discharge devices currently connected to the storage battery, respectively, information on the currently required charge amount and discharge amount can be grasped from the charge-discharge device group in the power grid by referring to the consensus values of the respective charge-discharge devices. Therefore, the charge execution amount or the discharge execution amount can be controlled so that the charge amount or the discharge amount of the charge-discharge device is not unlimited or satisfies the management condition required in the power grid. Then, in such a configuration, it is important that, since each of the charge-discharge devices is able to know information on the sum of the charge requirement amounts and the sum of the discharge requirement amounts, but it is not necessary to accumulate information on the charge requirement amounts or the discharge requirement amounts of all of the charge-discharge devices in a single management apparatus or the like, even when the number of the charge-discharge devices connected to the power grid increases, the problem of a decrease in processing speed due to a large calculation load on one management apparatus or the like does not occur, and the problem of an increase in the burden of confidential management of information on the charge requirement amounts or the discharge requirement amounts of all of the charge-discharge devices is also eliminated.

In the first aspect, in controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device, when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts of all the charge and discharge devices is large, the limit amount of the charge execution amount of each charge and discharge device may be set smaller than when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts of all the charge and discharge devices is small. Also, when the consensus value of the discharge demand of all the charge-discharge devices is large, the limit amount of the charge execution amount of each charge-discharge device may be set larger than when the consensus value of the discharge demand of all the charge-discharge devices is small.

In the first aspect, in controlling the limit amount of the execution amount of charging and the limit amount of the execution amount of discharging for each of the charge and discharge devices, when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts for all of the charge and discharge devices is large, the limit amount of the execution amount of discharging for each of the charge and discharge devices may be set larger than when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts for all of the charge and discharge devices is small. Also, when the consensus value of the discharge demand of all the charge-discharge devices is large, the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge-discharge device can be set smaller than when the consensus value of the discharge demand of all the charge-discharge devices is small.

In the first aspect, in controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount for each of the charge and discharge devices, the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount for each of the charge and discharge devices may be controlled so that a management condition for the amount of electricity flowing in the power grid is satisfied.

In a first aspect, a power transmission and distribution system may include a management apparatus configured to manage an amount of power in a power grid. The management device may set a planned value of the amount of feed power fed into the power grid from at least one of the power generation facility or the system power grid that supplies power to the power grid. In controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device, the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device may be controlled so that the management condition that sets the feeding power amount with respect to the planned value is satisfied. The management device manages the feeding electric quantity so that a management condition that sets the feeding electric quantity with respect to the planned value is satisfied, for example, a condition that a difference between the feeding electric quantity and the planned value is kept within a predetermined error range that is appropriately set.

In a first aspect, the management device may detect a required amount of power in the power grid. In controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device, the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device may be controlled so that the management conditions set for the feed electric quantity and the required electric quantity are satisfied. Upon detecting a required power amount within the power grid (i.e., power amounts consumed in various facilities within the power grid), the management device manages the feeding power amount so that management conditions set for the feeding power amount and the required power amount, for example, conditions under which the supply-demand balance in the power grid is kept within a predetermined error range that is appropriately set, are satisfied. It should be noted that the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device may be larger than the charge requirement amount or the discharge requirement amount of each charge and discharge device due to the feeding power amount and the required power amount in the power grid.

In the first aspect, the management apparatus may be used as a proxy in the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system in calculating the consensus values of the charge demand and the discharge demand of all the charge-discharge devices connected to the power grid. The management apparatus itself does not have the charge demand or the discharge demand, but when the management apparatus is set as a proxy in the same manner as the charge and discharge device in the average consensus calculation process of the multi-proxy system, the management apparatus can also grasp consensus values of the charge demand and the discharge demand, that is, information on the sum of the charge demand and the sum of the discharge demand. In this case, the consensus value obtained by the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system is obtained by dividing the sum of the charge required amounts or the sum of the discharge required amounts by the number of charge-discharge devices plus 1, respectively.

In a first aspect, a power transmission and distribution system may include: a communication unit having a configuration in which the management apparatus transmits information on a planned value of the feeding power amount and the required power amount to at least one charge-discharge device; and a communication unit in each of the charge and discharge devices configured to receive information on a planned value of the feeding power amount and the required power amount from at least one other charge and discharge device. The method may include a process of calculating a consensus value obtained by dividing a planned value and a required amount of the feeding power of each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus by the number of agents, respectively, according to an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system having each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus as an agent. In the controlling of the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device, in each charge and discharge device, the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device may be controlled based on the consensus values of the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount, and the planned value of the feed electric quantity and the consensus value of the required electric quantity.

In the first aspect, the respective charge and discharge devices do not hold information on the planned value of the feeding electric quantity and the required electric quantity in the power grid before the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system, but can know the planned value of the feeding electric quantity and the consensus value of the required electric quantity through the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system. Thus, each charge-discharge device can obtain information on the planned value of the feeding electric quantity and the required electric quantity in the power grid even without direct communication with the management apparatus, and therefore, it is expected that the amount of restriction on the charge execution amount or the amount of restriction on the discharge execution amount of each charge-discharge device can be controlled more accurately by further considering the planned value of the feeding electric quantity and the required electric quantity.

As described in the embodiment below, in the first scheme, the divisor at the time of obtaining the consensus values of the charge demand amount and the discharge demand amount, and the planned value of the feed electric quantity and the consensus value of the required electric quantity is the number of all agents, that is, the number of charge and discharge devices plus 1. Therefore, when the limit amount is given by a calculation of dividing one consensus value by another consensus value when determining the limit amount of the charge execution amount or the limit amount of the discharge execution amount, since the number of charge-discharge devices plus 1 is eliminated in the divisor and dividend of the calculation, finally, (the number of charge-discharge devices plus 1) does not appear explicitly in the formula for giving the limit amount, and in each charge-discharge device, the limit amount can be calculated even if the number of charge-discharge devices is not known, and therefore, the communication load in the system is reduced.

In the first aspect, in controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount for each charge and discharge device, the limit amount of the charge execution amount for each charge and discharge device may be set as follows:

(charge requirement amount of each charge-discharge device) × (chargeable electric quantity in power network)/(sum of charge requirement amounts of all charge-discharge devices in power network)

In the first aspect, in controlling the limit amount of the execution amount of charging and the limit amount of the execution amount of discharging for each of the charge and discharge devices, the limit amount of the execution amount of discharging for each of the charge and discharge devices may be set as follows:

(discharge requirement amount of each charge/discharge device) × (dischargeable electric quantity in power network)/(total discharge requirement amount of all charge/discharge devices in power network)

In a power transmission and distribution system including a power grid and a plurality of charge and discharge devices connected to the power grid, in the plurality of charge and discharge devices connected to the power grid, the method is implemented by a system that calculates, as a consensus value, a value obtained by dividing a sum of charge demand amounts of all the charge and discharge devices by the number of agents and a value obtained by dividing the sum of discharge demand amounts by the number of agents, according to an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system, and controls a chargeable or dischargeable electric quantity of each charge and discharge device based on the consensus value. A second aspect of the present invention is a system that controls a chargeable amount of electric power and a dischargeable amount of electric power in respective charge and discharge devices included in a power transmission and distribution system. The power transmission and distribution system includes a power grid and a plurality of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid. When connected with the storage battery, each charger-discharger of the charge-discharge device is configured to charge the storage battery with electric power from the power grid, and to discharge the storage battery by forwarding the electric power to the power grid. The power transmission and distribution system includes, in each of the charge and discharge devices, a communication unit configured to receive information on a charge demand amount and a discharge demand amount of at least one other charge and discharge device. The system comprises a demand quantity consensus value calculating unit and a charging and discharging limit quantity control unit in each charging and discharging device, the required amount consensus value calculating unit is configured to calculate, using the own charging required amount and the own discharging required amount and the information on the charging required amount and the discharging required amount of the at least one other charging and discharging device acquired by the communication unit, the consensus value is calculated based on an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system with each charge and discharge device as an agent, the consensus value is obtained by dividing the sum of the charge demand amounts and the sum of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge-discharge devices connected to the power grid by the number of agents respectively, the charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to control a limit amount of a charge execution amount and a limit amount of a discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device based on a consensus value of the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount. The required quantity consensus value calculating means and the charge/discharge limit amount controlling means may be implemented by a control device constituted by a computer provided in each charge/discharge device.

In the second aspect, the charge-discharge restriction amount control unit may be configured to set the restriction amount of the charge execution amount of each charge-discharge device smaller when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large than when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small, and set the restriction amount of the charge execution amount of each charge-discharge device larger when the consensus value of the discharge requirement amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large than when the consensus value of the discharge requirement amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small.

In the second aspect, the charge-discharge restriction amount control unit is configured to set the restriction amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge-discharge device larger when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large than when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small, and set the restriction amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge-discharge device smaller when the consensus value of the discharge requirement amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large than when the consensus value of the discharge requirement amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small.

In the second aspect, the charge-discharge restriction amount control unit may be configured to control the restriction amount of the charge execution amount and the restriction amount of the discharge execution amount of the respective charge-discharge devices so that the management condition for the amount of electricity flowing in the power grid is satisfied.

In a second aspect, a power transmission and distribution system may include a management apparatus configured to manage an amount of power in a power grid. The management device may set a planned value of the amount of feed power fed into the power grid from at least one of the power generation facility or the system power grid that supplies power to the power grid. The charge and discharge limit amount control unit may control the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device so that a management condition that sets the feed electric quantity with respect to a planned value is satisfied.

In a second aspect, the management device may detect a required amount of power in the power grid. The charge and discharge limit amount control unit may control the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device so that the management conditions set for the feed electric quantity and the required electric quantity are satisfied.

In the second aspect, the required amount consensus value calculating unit may use the management apparatus as a proxy in the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system.

In a second aspect, a power transmission and distribution system may include: a communication unit having a configuration in which the management apparatus transmits information on a planned value of the feeding power amount and the required power amount to at least one charge-discharge device; and a communication unit in each of the charge and discharge devices configured to receive information on a planned value of the feeding power amount and the required power amount from at least one other charge and discharge device. The system may include, in each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus, a feed electric quantity and required electric quantity consensus value calculation unit configured to calculate a consensus value obtained by dividing a planned value and required electric quantity of the feed electric quantity of each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus by the number of agents, respectively, according to an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system having each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus as an agent. The charge and discharge limit amount control unit may be configured to control the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device based on the consensus values of the charge and discharge requirement amounts and the consensus values of the planned and required electric power amounts.

In the second aspect, the charge-discharge restriction amount control unit may be configured to set the restriction amount of the charge execution amount of each charge-discharge device as follows:

In the second aspect, the charge-discharge limit amount control unit may set the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge-discharge device as follows:

Therefore, in the second aspect, in the power transmission and distribution system including the power grid and the plurality of charge and discharge devices connected to the power grid, using the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system, the respective charge and discharge devices can share information on a value proportional to the sum of the charge demand amounts and the sum of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge and discharge devices connected to the power grid, the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount can be grasped by referring to the information every moment, and the charge amount or the discharge amount of themselves can be controlled more appropriately. In such a configuration, it is important that each charge and discharge device does not have to acquire information on the charge required amount and the discharge required amount from all the other charge and discharge devices, or perform the following processing: accumulating information on the charge demand amount and the discharge demand amount of all the charge-discharge devices in one management apparatus; performing, by the one management apparatus, a calculation using the information; and transmitting/returning the calculation result to all the charging and discharging devices. Therefore, it is expected that the calculation processing load or the communication load required to control the charge execution amount or the discharge execution amount of each charge-discharge device is reduced to a large extent, and it is easy to manage confidentiality of information. Further, the advantageous effects of the method and system according to the present invention can be obtained even when the number of charge and discharge devices connected to the power grid increases, and therefore, the method and system according to the present invention are expected to be advantageously used in the case where the number of EVPS installed in the microgrid is expected to excessively increase with the spread of future electrically driven vehicles.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention.

Drawings

Features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like elements, and wherein:

fig. 1A is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a power transmission and distribution system to which the present embodiment is applied;

fig. 1B is a diagram illustrating, in block diagram form, a configuration of controlling the charge-discharge limit amount of the charge-discharge device (EVPS) in the present embodiment;

fig. 1C is a diagram illustrating, in block diagram form, a configuration of performing an average consensus calculation for determining a charge-discharge limit amount of a supplier (MGP) of a microgrid in the present embodiment;

fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating, in the form of a flowchart, a process for determining the charge-discharge limit amount of each EVPS of the present embodiment;

FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating a graph set in a calculation example of an average consensus computation of a multi-agent system in the system of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating the variation over time of the values of the various elements of the state vector when performing the average consensus calculation in the graph of FIG. 3A;

fig. 4A is a diagram illustrating a time-dependent change in the limit amount of the charge execution amount calculated using the respective element values of the state vector of fig. 3B; and

fig. 4B is a diagram illustrating a time-dependent change in the amount of restriction on the discharge execution amount calculated using the respective element values of the state vector of fig. 3B.

Detailed Description

Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like numbering represents like elements.

Arrangement in power transmission and distribution system

Referring to fig. 1A, the control method and control system according to the present embodiment are advantageously applied to a power transmission and distribution system 1 that performs power transmission and distribution control in a power grid, a so-called "microgrid" that transmits and distributes power in a relatively small area. In the power transmission and distribution system 1, the power grid PL is arranged in a supplier MGP that manages electric power or an amount of electricity circulating within a microgrid, in a power generation facility PV (such as a solar power generation facility), in a power demand facility DM that consumes electric power, and the like, to achieve transmission and reception of electric power. Typically, a plurality of power demand facilities DM are connected to the power grid PL at various places, but are schematically represented as DM in the various figures. Furthermore, there may be a plurality of power generation facilities PV. Furthermore, the power grid PL is also connected to a system power grid, which is a centralized power grid supplied from a large power plant, via a power grid PLc from a supplier MGP, and is configured to also enable the reception and supply of power between the microgrid and the system power grid. Further, in the power transmission and distribution system 1, as described in "background art" and "summary of the invention", with the spread of electrically driven vehicles in recent years, a charge and discharge device EVPS that charges and discharges a battery of the electrically driven vehicle is provided in various places. In these EVPS, by connecting a charger/discharger to power grid PL and connecting a battery of an electrically driven vehicle to the charger/discharger, the battery can be charged with electric power from power grid PL or discharged by transferring electric power to power grid PL.

In the power transmission and distribution system 1, the supplier MGP is configured to manage the amount of power generated by the power generation facility PV and sent into the microgrid and the amount of power received from the system power grid (feeding power amount) so as to cover the amount of power required by the power demand facility DM. To this end, the supplier MGP is provided with a communication network CL for receiving information on the amount of electricity generated by the electricity generation facility PV or information on a value obtained by measuring the amount of electricity consumed (required amount of electricity) at the electricity demand facility DM with a measuring instrument such as a smart meter m. Further, in order to manage the charge execution amount and the discharge execution amount of each EVPS, the system 1 is provided with a communication network CL for communicating information, such as the required amount of charge and discharge of the charge and discharge devices (charge required amount, discharge required amount) in each EVPS, between each EVPS and the vendor MGP. As described in more detail below, the communication network between the vendor MGP and each EVPS is configured such that the vendor MGP is capable of communicating with at least one EVPS, and each EVPS is capable of communicating with at least one other EVPS, to implement a method or system in accordance with the present embodiments. Specifically, each EVPS is configured to be able to communicate with all other EVPS directly or via other EVPS, and the vendor MGP is configured to be able to communicate with all EVPS directly or via at least one EVPS. The communication network CL may be a wired communicator or a wireless communicator.

Control configuration of charge and discharge limit amounts in EVPS (charge and discharge device) and vendor (management apparatus)

In the embodiment, as described in more detail below, control of the chargeable and dischargeable amounts of electricity in the respective chargers and dischargeable amounts of electricity of the respective EVPS connected to the power transmission and distribution system 1 is performed. Specifically, such control may be achieved by adjusting the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of the charger and discharger of each EVPS. For this reason, in each EVPS, and further in the vendor, a configuration for controlling the limit amount of the charging execution amount and the limit amount of the discharging execution amount of each EVPS is set as follows. The configuration and operation of each part of fig. 1B and 1C described below can be implemented by operating according to a program of a computer device provided as a control device in each of the EVPS and the vendor. The computer apparatus may include a drive circuit and a computer having a CPU, a ROM, a RAM and an input/output port apparatus connected to each other in a usual manner through a bidirectional common bus.

Specifically, first, referring to fig. 1B, each EVPS may be provided with a charging required amount input unit, a discharging required amount input unit, a charging required amount consensus calculation unit, a discharging required amount consensus calculation unit, a feeding electric quantity consensus calculation unit, a required electric quantity consensus calculation unit, a charging limit amount calculation unit, a discharging limit amount calculation unit, a charging execution amount determination unit, a discharging execution amount determination unit, and a communication module. The charging demand input unit and the discharging demand input unit are respectively configured to receive inputs of a charging demand and a discharging demand for the secondary battery connected to the charger and discharger by a user of the EVPS or based on a state of charge of the secondary battery connected to the charger and discharger. In each EVPS, when an effective value is given to the required amount for charging, the required amount for discharging becomes zero, and when an effective value is given to the required amount for discharging, the required amount for charging becomes zero. As described below, the charging demand amount consensus calculation unit, the discharging demand amount consensus calculation unit, the feeding electric quantity consensus calculation unit, and the required electric quantity consensus calculation unit are respectively configured to, using a method of average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system with the EVPS and the provider MGP as agents, information on the charge demand amount, the discharge demand amount, the planned value of the feed power amount (sum of the power generation amount of the power generation facility PV and the power amount received from the system power grid) provided by the supplier, and the required power amount of each charger-discharger is transmitted and received between adjacent agents (EVPS or suppliers) via the communication module, and values obtained by dividing the sum of the charge required amounts of all the chargers, the sum of the discharge required amounts of all the chargers, the planned value of the feed power amount (the sum of the power generation amount of the power generation facility PV and the reception amount from the system power grid), and the required power amount by the number of all the agents, respectively, are calculated as consensus values. The charging-restriction-amount calculating unit and the discharging-restriction-amount calculating unit are configured to calculate a restriction amount (charging restriction amount) for the charging execution amount and a restriction amount (discharging restriction amount) for the discharging execution amount using the consensus values obtained by the charging-requirement-amount consensus calculating unit, the discharging-requirement-amount consensus calculating unit, the feeding-electric-quantity consensus calculating unit, and the required-electric-quantity consensus calculating unit, respectively. Then, the charging execution amount determination unit and the discharging execution amount determination unit are configured to determine the charging execution amount and the discharging execution amount, respectively, so as to achieve the charging requirement amount and the discharging requirement amount within a range not exceeding the charging limit amount and the discharging limit amount.

On the other hand, referring to fig. 1C, the supplier MGP may be provided with a feeding electric quantity planned value setting unit, an electric quantity required detection unit, a charging required quantity consensus calculation unit, a discharging required quantity consensus calculation unit, a feeding electric quantity consensus calculation unit, an electric quantity required consensus calculation unit, and a communication module. The feeding power amount planned value setting unit is configured to set a planned value of the feeding power amount predetermined by the provider MGP using any method. As described previously, the required power amount detection unit is configured to detect a value obtained by measuring the amount of power consumed by the power demand facility DM in the microgrid by a smart meter or the like. The charging demand amount consensus calculation unit, the discharging demand amount consensus calculation unit, the feeding electric quantity consensus calculation unit, and the required electric quantity consensus calculation unit are configured to transmit and receive information on the charging demand amount and the discharging demand amount of each charger and the feeding electric quantity and the required electric quantity provided by the supplier between adjacent agents (EVPS) via the communication module and calculate the respective consensus values, in the same manner as the corresponding units provided in the EVPS, using a method of average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system. The planned value of the feeding electric quantity is provided by the planned value setting unit of the feeding electric quantity, and the required electric quantity is provided by the required electric quantity detecting unit.

Control processing procedure of charge limiting amount and discharge limiting amount of charge and discharge device (EVPS)

(1) Power management in a power grid PL as a microgrid

In the power transmission and distribution system 1, the supplier MGP manages the amount of power flowing in the power grid PL as the micro grid so that the amount of power flowing in the power grid PL satisfies a predetermined condition (management condition) in order to stabilize the amount of power flowing in the power grid PL and not to affect the stability of the power of the system power grid connected to the power grid PL. More specifically, as one management condition, for example, the following conditions may be set: the sum of the amount of power generated by the power generation facility PV and the amount of power received from the system power grid (feed power amount) fed into the power grid PL is managed so as to be within an appropriately set error range with respect to a planned value set in advance. In other words, the following conditions may be set: managing the amount of power feed P fed into the power network PL_actSo as to be relative to the planned value P_planThe following conditions are satisfied:

[ formula 1]

Here, a (%) is the feed power amount P_actRelative to the planned value P_planThe tolerance of (2).

Further, as another management condition, a condition may be set that keeps the supply-demand balance in the power grid PL within a predetermined range. In particular, when equilibrium b is defined as:

(amount of electricity consumed or absorbed in the microgrid)/(amount of electricity fed into or discharged from the microgrid),

the supply and demand balance b can be managed to satisfy the following conditions:

b_low≤b≤b_high...(2)

here, b_lowAnd b_highRespectively an allowable minimum limit value and an allowable maximum limit value of the supply and demand balance b. For simplicity, when it is assumed that the tolerance of b is the same as a (%) in the formula (1), the condition of the formula (2) is as follows:

[ formula 2]

Further, in the power transmission and distribution system 1 according to the present embodiment, some of the plurality of EVPS absorb electric power from the power grid PL by charging the storage battery, and others of the plurality of EVPS release electric power to the power grid PL by discharging the storage battery. In this case, the feeding power amount P of each EVPS is used_actThe required electric quantity P_DemandAnd a required amount of charging P_i ^ChgAnd a required discharge amount P_i ^DisThe equilibrium b is expressed as follows:

[ formula 3]

Here, N is the number of EVPS connected to the power grid PL.

(2) Setting of charge and discharge limit amounts for a charge and discharge device (EVPS)

As described above, in the power transmission and distribution system 1, the charger and discharger of each EVPS connects the storage battery (not shown) connected thereto to the power grid PL, and charges and discharges the storage battery. As has been described in the "background art" and the "summary of the invention", when charging and discharging of the respective chargers and dischargers are performed indefinitely, the power of the power grid PL may become unstable, and further, the system power grid to which the power grid PL is connected may also be affected. In order to avoid this, the limit amount (charge limit amount) of the charge execution amount or the limit amount (discharge limit amount) of the discharge execution amount of the charger and discharger of each EVPS is set.

Specifically, the charge restriction amount is set such that the allowable charge execution amount of each EVPS becomes larger as the total amount of the amount of electricity available for charging within the power grid PL is larger. Then, when the discharge demand amount of all the EVPS becomes large, the total amount of the amount of electricity available for charging within the power grid PL becomes large, and therefore, finally, the allowable charge execution amount (i.e., the charge limit amount) of each EVPS may be set to become larger as the discharge demand amount of all the EVPS becomes larger. Further, the amount of electricity that can be allocated to each EVPS becomes smaller as the amount of charge (charge demand amount) required within the power grid PL is larger, and therefore, the allowable charge execution amount (i.e., charge limit amount) of each EVPS can be set smaller. Then, here, when it is assumed that the allowable charging execution amount allocated to each EVPS is allocated in proportion to the charging demand amount of each EVPS, the charging restriction amount may be set as follows:

(required amount of charging P for each EVPS_i ^Chg) X (chargeable amount of power in power grid PL)/(sum of charging request amounts for all EVPS in power grid PL) … (3)

In equation (3), the chargeable amount of electricity in the power grid PL is expressed as follows:

[ formula 4]

In this connection, it is possible to use,

[ formula 5]

Therefore, the charge limit amount P of each EVPS_i ^ChgLimitCan be expressed as follows:

[ formula 6]

When sigma P_i ^ChgWhen the pressure is higher than 0, the pressure is higher,

(when ∑ P_i ^ChgWhen equal to 0, P_i ^ChgLimitIs set to zero. )

The discharge limit amount is set such that the allowable discharge execution amount of each EVPS becomes larger as the amount of remaining electricity dischargeable in the power grid PL is larger. Then, when the charge demand amount of all the EVPS becomes large, the amount of electricity remaining dischargeable within the power grid PL becomes large, and therefore, finally, the allowable discharge execution amount (i.e., the discharge limit amount) of each EVPS may be set to be larger as the charge demand amount of all the EVPS becomes larger. Further, the amount of power that can be allocated to each EVPS becomes smaller as the amount of discharge (discharge demand amount) required within the power grid PL is larger, and therefore, the allowable discharge execution amount (i.e., the discharge limit amount) of each EVPS can be set smaller. Then, here, when it is assumed that the allowable discharge execution amount allocated to each EVPS is allocated in proportion to the discharge demand amount of each EVPS, the discharge limit amount may be set as follows:

(required discharge amount P of each EVPS_i ^Dis) X (dischargeable electric quantity in power grid PL)/(sum of discharge demand of all EVPS in power grid PL) … (4)

However, when the discharge limit amount is set, the supply-demand balance b of the equation (2a) needs to be satisfied in order to meet the management condition. Therefore, the dischargeable electric power amount Σ P in the power grid PL can be set_i ^DisLimitTo satisfy the following conditions:

[ formula 7]

Then, dischargeable electric quantity Σ P in electric power network PL_i ^DisLimitThe expression is as follows:

[ formula 8]

In this connection, it is possible to use,

[ formula 9]

Therefore, in order not to appearNegative value, discharge limiting quantity P_i ^DisLimitCan be expressed as follows:

[ formula 10]

When Σ P_i ^DisWhen the pressure is higher than 0, the pressure is higher,

(when ∑ P_i ^DisWhen equal to 0, P_i ^DisLimitIs set to zero. )

(3) Calculating consensus values by means of an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system

When obtaining the planned value P of the feeding electric quantity_planThe required electric quantity P_DemandAnd sum of charging requirements Σ P of all the chargers and dischargers_i ^ChgAnd sum of discharge request amount Σ P_i ^DisIn this case, the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each EVPS can be calculated for each EVPS. As described above, in this regard, in the communication network between the EVPS and the provider MGP, the EVPS and the provider MGP constitute a multi-proxy system as a proxy, and each of the EVPS and the provider MGP refers to the planned value P of the feeding power amount_planThe required electric quantity P_DemandCharging request amount P_i ^ChgRequired discharge amount P_i ^DisWhile performing the calculation for updating the state quantity of the agent itself so as to reduce the difference between the state quantity of the agent itself and the state quantity of the neighboring agent, as the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system of each of the state quantities (i.e., the state quantities of the neighboring agents). Therefore, each EVPS and supplier MGP can obtain planned value P of electric quantity of power feeding separately and independently_planRequired electric power P_DemandAnd sum of charging requirements Σ P of all the chargers and dischargers_i ^ChgAnd sum of discharge request amount Σ P_i ^DisRespectively divided by the number of all agents. Then, a value obtained by dividing the numerator and denominator of each of the equations (3c) and (4d) by the number of all the agents can be obtained. Since the number of all agents in the two calculated values corresponding to the numerator and denominatorThe amount is a divisor, so the number of all the agents is eliminated in the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each EVPS, and finally, each EVPS can calculate the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount, respectively, using the process of the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system.

In the average consensus calculation process of the multi-agent system according to the present embodiment, specifically, calculation may be performed for each variable of the following state vectors qi:

qi＝[x1,x2,x3,x4]

here, "i" is 1 to N as the index of the EVPS, p is the index of the supplier, and x1, x2, x3, x4 are values calculated with the feeding electric quantity planned value, the required electric quantity, the charge required quantity, and the discharge required quantity as initial values, respectively. Then, the initial values of the state vectors qi are expressed as follows:

q_p＝[P_plan,P_Demand,0,0]

q₁＝[0,0,P₁ ^Chg,P₁ ^Dis]

q₂＝[0,0,P₂ ^Chg,P₂ ^Dis]

...

q_N＝[0,0,P_N ^Chg,P_N ^Dis]

for each EVPS, when P_i ^ChgWhen > 0, P _i ^Dis0, and when P_i ^DisWhen > 0, P _i ^Chg0. Then, when the average consensus calculation is performed using the initial value vector, the state vector qi converges to the following vectors in each EVPS and vendor:

[ formula 11]

The convergence condition may be, for example, when the following condition for a minute amount e (e.g., 0.01) is satisfied.

|x1_k+1-x1_k|/|x1_k+1|＜ε...(5a)(x1_kIs a state variable in the kth cycle)

Therefore, when the convergence value of the state vector qi is obtained in each EVPS and the vendor, each EVPS calculates the charge limit amount or the discharge limit amount using equation (3c) or equation (4 d). Since the supplier knows P_planAnd P_DemandSo the supplier can detect the number N of EVPS connected in the power network from the converged value of the state vector qi.

As previously described, in the execution of the process of the average consensus computation of the multi-agent system, each EVPS and provider may receive information directly from at least one other agent and information of the other agent from the at least one agent from which the information is directly received. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the number of pieces of information received by each EVPS and vendor is significantly reduced (to at least one piece) as compared with the case where information is received from all EVPS and vendors and calculation is performed, so that the load of communication processing and calculation processing is expected to be significantly reduced.

(4) Flow of control processing

In the control process of the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each EVPS, the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system may be performed in a timely manner so that the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each EVPS are updated. In the control process with reference to fig. 2, specifically, first, it is determined whether or not the consensus calculation process is started (step 1), and when a condition for starting the process is satisfied, the consensus calculation process is started. The consensus calculation process may be repeatedly started, for example, every elapse of a predetermined time interval that can be arbitrarily set, every time the number of EVPS in the power grid or the number of EVPS connected to the storage battery is changed, or every time the charge demand or the discharge demand of the EVPS is changed. When the consensus calculation process starts, first, transmission and reception of state vector values are performed with adjacent EVPS (the adjacent EVPS may be EVPS or MGP that directly communicate with each other, not necessarily EVPS or MGP that are adjacent in distance) (step 2). Next, using the received state vector value, a calculation is performed that updates its own state vector value so that the difference between its own state vector value and the received state vector value decreases (step 3). Therefore, it is determined whether the obtained updated state vector value satisfies the convergence condition (5a) (step 4), and steps 2 to 4 are repeated until the convergence condition (5a) is satisfied for all variables in the state vector. Then, when the convergence condition (5a) is satisfied, the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each charger and discharger are calculated using the equation (3c), the equation (4d), and the like.

As described above, when the charge limit amount or the discharge limit amount is calculated in each EVPS, it is compared with the charge demand amount or the discharge demand amount, a smaller value is selected as the execution amount, and the battery is charged and discharged.

Example of calculation

In the EVPS and the vendor constituting the graph illustrated in fig. 3A, initial values are given as illustrated in fig. 3A, and a simulation of an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system is performed. FIG. 3B illustrates a planned value P of the feeding power amount_planThe required electric quantity P_DemandCharging request amount P_i ^ChgAnd a required discharge amount P_i ^DisOf the state vector of (a). As illustrated in fig. 3B, it is confirmed that the planned amount of feeding electric power, the required amount of charging, and the required amount of discharging all reach the consensus value P, respectively_plan_C、P_demand_C、P^ChgC and P^DisAnd (5) a _ C. Further, fig. 4A and 4B illustrate the charge limit amount P calculated using the consensus value_i ^ChgLimitAnd a discharge limit amount P_i ^DisLimit. As illustrated in fig. 4A and 4B, the charge limit amount P_i ^ChgLimitAnd a discharge limit amount P_i ^DisLimitAll stabilized at a constant value. Therefore, it is illustrated that the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each charger and discharger can be calculated using the method according to the present embodiment.

While the foregoing description has been with reference to embodiments of the present invention, many modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It will be clear that the invention is not limited to the above-described exemplary embodiments only, but can be applied to various apparatuses without departing from the concept of the invention.

The charge and discharge device used in the present embodiment is not limited to the EVPS, and may be a device capable of charging and discharging a storage battery in any form of power grid.

Claims

1. A method of controlling a chargeable amount of electricity and a dischargeable amount of electricity in respective charge and discharge devices included in a power transmission and distribution system, characterized by:

the power transmission and distribution system comprises a power grid and a plurality of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid;

each charger-discharger of the charging-discharging device is configured to charge a storage battery with power from the power grid or discharge the storage battery by forwarding power to the power grid when connected with the storage battery;

the power transmission and distribution system includes, in each of the charge and discharge devices, a communication unit configured to receive information on a charge demand amount and a discharge demand amount of at least one other charge and discharge device; and is

The method comprises the following steps:

and (3) calculating a consensus value: in each of the charge and discharge devices, calculating the consensus value from an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system having each of the charge and discharge devices as an agent, using a charge requirement amount of itself and a discharge requirement amount of itself, and information on the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount of the at least one other charge and discharge device acquired by the communication unit, the consensus value being obtained by dividing a sum of the charge requirement amounts and a sum of the discharge requirement amounts of all of the charge and discharge devices connected to the power grid by the number of agents, respectively; and

in each of the charge-discharge devices, a process of controlling a limit amount of a charge execution amount and a limit amount of a discharge execution amount for each of the charge-discharge devices based on the consensus values of the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

in the process of controlling the limiting amount of the charge execution amount and the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge-discharge devices,

when a consensus value of the charge required amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large, the restriction amount of the charge execution amount by each of the charge-discharge devices is set smaller than when the consensus value of the charge required amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small; and is

When the consensus value of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large, the restriction amount of the charge execution amount by each of the charge-discharge devices is set larger than when the consensus value of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:

when a consensus value of the charge required amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large, the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge-discharge devices is set larger than when the consensus value of the charge required amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small; and is

When the consensus value of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large, the limit amount of the discharge execution amount by each of the charge-discharge devices is set smaller than when the consensus value of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the process of controlling the limiting amount of the charge execution amount and the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limiting amount of the charge execution amount and the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices are controlled so that a management condition of an amount of power for flowing in the power grid is satisfied.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein:

the power transmission and distribution system comprises a management device configured to manage the amount of power in the power grid;

the management apparatus is configured to set a planned value of a feeding power amount to the power grid from at least one of a power generation facility or a system power grid that supplies power to the power grid; and is

In the process of controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices are controlled so as to satisfy a management condition that sets the feeding electric quantity with respect to the planned value.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein:

the management device is configured to detect a required amount of power in the power grid; and is

In the process of controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices are controlled so that management conditions set for the feeding electric quantity and the required electric quantity are satisfied.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the management apparatus is used as the proxy in the average consensus calculation of the multi-proxy system in calculating consensus values of the charge demand and the discharge demand of all the charge-discharge devices connected to the power grid.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein:

the power transmission and distribution system includes:

a communication unit having a configuration in which the management apparatus transmits information on the planned value of the feeding power amount and a required power amount to at least one charge and discharge device; and

a communication unit in each of the charge and discharge devices configured to receive the information on the planned value of the feeding power amount and the required power amount from at least one other charge and discharge device;

the method further includes a process of calculating a consensus value obtained by dividing a planned value of the feeding power amount and the required power amount of each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus by the number of agents, respectively, according to an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system having each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus as the agents; and is

In the controlling of the limiting amount of the charge execution amount and the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, in each of the charge and discharge devices, the limiting amount of the charge execution amount and the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices are controlled based on the consensus values of the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount and the planned values of the feed electric quantity and the consensus values of the required electric quantity.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the process of controlling the limiting amount of the charge execution amount and the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limiting amount of the charge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices is set as follows:

(charge requirement amount of each of the charge-discharge devices) × (chargeable amount of electricity in the power grid)/(the sum of the charge requirement amounts of all the charge-discharge devices in the power grid).

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the process of controlling the limiting amount of the charge execution amount and the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices is set as follows:

(discharge requirement amount of each of the charge and discharge devices) × (dischargeable electric power amount in the power grid)/(the sum of the discharge requirement amounts of all the charge and discharge devices in the power grid).

11. A system for controlling a chargeable amount of electricity and a dischargeable amount of electricity in respective charge and discharge devices included in a power transmission and distribution system, characterized in that:

The system includes, in each of the charge and discharge devices:

a required amount consensus value calculation unit configured to calculate a consensus value obtained by dividing a sum of charging required amounts and a sum of discharging required amounts of all the charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid by the number of agents, respectively, from an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system having the respective charging and discharging devices as agents, using the charging required amount of itself and the discharging required amount of itself and information on the charging required amount and the discharging required amount of the at least one other charging and discharging device acquired by the communication unit; and

a charge and discharge limit amount control unit configured to control a limit amount of a charge execution amount and a limit amount of a discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices based on the consensus values of the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the charge-discharge limit amount control unit is configured to:

setting the limit amount of the charge execution amount for each of the charge-discharge devices smaller when a consensus value of the charge requirement amounts for all of the charge-discharge devices is large than when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts for all of the charge-discharge devices is small; and is

When the consensus value of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large, the limit amount of the charge execution amount for each of the charge-discharge devices is set larger than when the consensus value of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small.

13. The system according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the charge-discharge limit amount control unit is configured to:

setting the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge-discharge devices to be larger when a consensus value of the charge requirement amounts of all of the charge-discharge devices is large than when the consensus value of the charge requirement amounts of all of the charge-discharge devices is small; and is

When the consensus value of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is large, the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge-discharge devices is set smaller than when the consensus value of the discharge demand amounts of all the charge-discharge devices is small.

14. The system according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the charge-discharge restriction amount control unit is configured to control the restriction amount of the charge execution amount and the restriction amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge-discharge devices so that a management condition of an amount of electricity for flowing in the power grid is satisfied.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein:

the management device is configured to set a planned value of a feeding power amount fed to the power grid from at least one of a power generation facility or a system power grid that supplies power to the power grid; and is

The charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to control the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices so that a management condition that sets the feed power amount with respect to the planned value is satisfied.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein:

The charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to control the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices so that management conditions set for the feed electric quantity and the required electric quantity are satisfied.

17. The system according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the required amount consensus value calculation unit is configured to use the management device as the agent in the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein:

the power transmission and distribution system includes:

the system further includes, in each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus, a feed electric power amount and required electric power amount consensus value calculation unit configured to calculate a consensus value obtained by dividing a planned value of the feed electric power amount and the required electric power amount of each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus by the number of agents, respectively, from an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system having each of the charge and discharge devices and the management apparatus as the agents; and is

In each of the charge and discharge devices, the charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to control the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount for each of the charge and discharge devices based on the consensus values of the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount and the planned values of the feed electric power amount and the consensus values of the required electric power amount.

19. The system according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the charge-discharge restriction amount control unit is configured to set the restriction amount of the charge execution amount for each of the charge-discharge devices as follows:

20. The system according to any one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that the charge-discharge limit amount control unit is configured to set the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge-discharge devices as follows: