CN114498065A - Windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle wave absorber with inner wide pass band - Google Patents
Windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle wave absorber with inner wide pass band Download PDFInfo
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- CN114498065A CN114498065A CN202111650565.0A CN202111650565A CN114498065A CN 114498065 A CN114498065 A CN 114498065A CN 202111650565 A CN202111650565 A CN 202111650565A CN 114498065 A CN114498065 A CN 114498065A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle wave absorber with an inner wide pass band, which comprises a plurality of periodically arranged frequency selection wave absorber units, wherein each frequency selection wave absorber unit comprises a lossy layer and a lossless layer which are separated by an air layer; in the incident direction of electromagnetic waves, the loss layer sequentially comprises a first metal wave absorbing layer and a first dielectric layer, and the loss-free layer sequentially comprises a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a third metal layer, a third dielectric layer and a fourth metal layer; the first metal wave absorbing layer comprises four groups of L-shaped metal arm structures which are in plane rotational symmetry, the four groups of L-shaped metal arm structures are four groups of windmill branches of a windmill-shaped structure respectively, and the four groups of L-shaped metal arm structures are connected to a central point through first lumped resistors respectively. The wave absorbing body has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing and low cost, realizes the integration of miniaturization, broadband, wide-angle, high wave transmission and wave absorption, and can be used for modern radar communication electromagnetic stealth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a frequency selective wave absorber, in particular to a windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle wave absorber with an in-band wide passband, which can be applied to electromagnetic stealth of radar and communication systems.
Background
In the modern high-technology war, the radar technology is still the greatest threat and the most effective detection means of weapon platforms such as aircrafts and the like to date; are playing an increasingly important role on a variety of weapons platforms. The main functions of the radome are that on the premise of ensuring the main detection performance of the radar, an antenna system in the protective cover is prevented from being interfered by external environments such as dust, rainwater, thunder and lightning and the like; meanwhile, the radome is used as a component of the appearance of the aircraft platform and also plays a role in maintaining the aerodynamic appearance. In addition, the radome also has a frequency selective effect, which can reduce the radar cross section of the antenna system.
With the rapid development of radio technology and radar detection technology, the traditional weapon platform can not meet the operational requirements in the modern military field, so the stealth technology has gained wide attention as an effective method for improving the operational and survival capabilities of weapons. The stealth technology is also called as "low detectable technology", the concept of Radar Cross Section (RCS) is the key point in the Radar stealth technology, and how to reduce the Radar Cross Section of an antenna as an indispensable external device in a battle weapon platform becomes a hotspot of research in recent years. The antenna as a special scatterer needs to meet specific radiation characteristics, and how to realize low detectability of the antenna while ensuring normal operation of the antenna becomes a key point. There are various stealth techniques for implementing antenna RCS reduction, and one of them is a loaded frequency selective surface. The frequency selective surface is an artificial material having electromagnetic modulation characteristics that natural materials do not have, and the frequency selective absorber is one of them, and a structure having wave-absorbing properties is designed by using a metamaterial. The frequency selective wave absorber overcomes the defects of the traditional wave absorbing material, realizes more excellent performance, and has wide application prospect.
At present, the practicability of a two-dimensional frequency selective wave absorber is widely researched, but the two-dimensional frequency selective wave absorber still has defects in many aspects, such as: miniaturization, wide angle stability, high selectivity, wide pass band and wide absorption band.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle wave absorber with medium-frequency broadband wave transmission, high-frequency broadband wave absorption and low-frequency broadband wave absorption.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle wave absorber with an in-band wide pass band, which comprises a plurality of periodically arranged frequency selection wave absorber units, wherein each frequency selection wave absorber unit comprises a lossy layer and a lossless layer which are separated by an air layer; in the incident direction of electromagnetic waves, the loss layer sequentially comprises a first metal wave absorbing layer and a first dielectric layer, and the loss-free layer sequentially comprises a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a third metal layer, a third dielectric layer and a fourth metal layer; the first metal wave absorbing layer comprises four groups of L-shaped metal arm structures which are in plane rotational symmetry, the four groups of L-shaped metal arm structures are four groups of windmill branches of a windmill-shaped structure respectively, and the four groups of L-shaped metal arm structures are connected to a central point through first lumped resistors respectively. Four metal levels of this wave absorber are two-dimensional structure, compare with traditional two-dimensional wave absorber, have simple structure and miniaturized, pass band width and rectangle coefficient height, high frequency and low frequency inhale the ripples bandwidth, wide angle incident stability is good, satisfies the design demand more easily. The lossless layer plays a role of metal grounding for the upper lossy layer on the high-frequency and low-frequency wave-absorbing bands of the wave-absorbing body. The L-shaped bending line technology adopted by the L-shaped metal arm structure is used for realizing the miniaturization design of the wave absorber.
Preferably, each group of windmill branches comprises two L-shaped fractal structures with different lengths, the long L-shaped fractal structure is loaded with a second lumped resistor, and the short L-shaped fractal structure is connected with the long L-shaped fractal structure and then connected to the cross center point through the first lumped resistor. The second lumped resistor loaded on the long L-shaped fractal structure keeps the passband performance of the wave absorber when the wave absorber is incident at a wide angle.
Preferably, the four first lumped resistors have the same resistance value, the four second lumped resistors have the same resistance value, and the first lumped resistors are larger than the second lumped resistors.
Preferably, the shapes and sizes of the second metal layer and the fourth metal layer are the same, and all the metal patches are formed.
Preferably, the third metal layer is formed of a square ring-shaped metal patch.
Preferably, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are made of the same dielectric and have dielectric constants smaller than that of the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are the same in thickness and have thicknesses larger than that of the first dielectric layer, and the periods of the three dielectric layers are the same.
Preferably, the air layer is used for impedance matching. The air layer is positioned between the lossy wave-absorbing layer and the frequency selection surface lossless layer, and the distance between the lossy wave-absorbing layer and the frequency selection surface lossless layer is controlled for air impedance matching.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the wave absorber is a small-sized wide-angle wave absorber based on medium-frequency broadband wave transmission, high-frequency broadband wave absorption and low-frequency broadband wave absorption of a windmill-shaped structure, a loss layer formed by a first metal layer and a first dielectric layer of a simple windmill-shaped two-dimensional structure absorbs high-frequency and low-frequency electromagnetic waves in a broadband and wide angle mode, a loss-free layer forms a wide pass band in a medium frequency band to perform low-loss and broadband transmission on the electromagnetic waves, lumped resistors loaded on long L-shaped branches of the first metal layer serve as the pass band of the wave absorber to achieve wide-angle incident angle stability, compared with the prior art, the wave absorber is simpler in structure, smaller, easier to process, lower in cost and insensitive to polarization, can achieve medium-frequency wide pass band and high in selectivity, and good in high-frequency and low-frequency broadband wave absorption and wide-angle incident stability, and meets the requirement of radar communication electromagnetic stealth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wave absorber in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a split structure of a frequency selective absorber unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first metal layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second metal layer and a fourth metal layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third metal layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(a) is a graph showing the resulting wave absorption rate, transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient of the wave absorber at normal incidence of TE polarized waves in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(b) is a graph showing the resulting wave absorption rate, transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient of the wave absorber at normal incidence of TM polarized wave in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7(a) is a graph showing the resulting wave absorption rate, transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient of the wave absorber when TE polarized waves are incident at a large angle in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7(b) is a graph showing the results of the wave absorption rate, transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient of the wave absorber when the TM polarized wave is incident at a large angle in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The wave absorber of the invention is a small-sized wide-angle wave absorber based on a windmill-shaped structure and used for medium-frequency broadband wave transmission, high-frequency broadband wave absorption and low-frequency broadband wave absorption, as shown in figure 1, the wave absorber is a three-dimensional structure which is periodically arranged by frequency selective wave absorber units, and the frequency selective wave absorber units comprise a lossy layer A and a lossless layer B which are separated by an air layer 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the frequency selective absorber units are arranged in the order of a first metal layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, an air layer 3, a second metal layer 4, a second dielectric layer 5, a third metal layer 6, a third dielectric layer 7, and a fourth metal layer 8 in the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave. The four metal layers are of two-dimensional structures, the first metal layer 1 provides wave absorption and wave transmission, and the second metal layer, the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer are frequency band-pass layers and provide wave transmission and wave absorption band reflection wave functions. The first metal layer 1 includes four windmill-shaped L-shaped metal arm structures, as shown in fig. 3, the four L-shaped metal arm structures are four windmill branches of a windmill-shaped structure, and are rotationally symmetric structures, the four L-shaped metal arm structures are connected to a cross center point through first lumped resistors 13, each L-shaped metal arm structure extends out of two L- shaped fractal structures 10 and 11 with different lengths, a second lumped resistor 12 is loaded on the long L-shaped fractal structure 10, and the short L-shaped fractal structure 11 is connected to the cross center point through the first lumped resistors 13 after being connected with the long L-shaped fractal structure 10; the four first lumped resistors 13 have the same resistance value, the four second lumped resistors 12 have the same resistance value, and the resistance value of the first lumped resistor 13 is greater than that of the second lumped resistor 12; the four groups of L-shaped metal arms are identical in structure, the four groups of L-shaped metal arms of the first metal layer 1 are required to meet central symmetry, resonance frequency points are identical, an L-shaped bent line technology is used for achieving miniaturization design of the wave absorber, the second lumped resistor 12 loaded on the long L-shaped fractal structure 10 achieves that passband performance of the wave absorber is kept when the wave absorber is incident at a wide angle, under the condition that the second lumped resistor 12 is not loaded on the first metal layer 1, due to the fact that impedance unmatched points exist at the passband when electromagnetic waves are incident at the wide angle, a sharp total reflection point exists, the Q value of the total reflection point can be effectively reduced after the second lumped resistor 12 is loaded, and the total reflection point is reduced under the condition that insertion loss of the whole passband is increased. The second metal layer 4 and the fourth metal layer 8 are identical in structure. As shown in fig. 4, the second metal layer 4 includes a first square metal patch 41. As shown in fig. 5, the third metal layer 6 includes a second square metal patch 51, and a square piece is dug in the middle of the second square metal patch 51 to form a square metal ring. The materials and the dimensions of the second dielectric layer 5 and the third dielectric layer 7 are the same, that is, the dielectric constants of the second dielectric layer 5 and the third dielectric layer 7 are the same and are smaller than the dielectric constant of the dielectric of the first dielectric layer 2, the thicknesses of the second dielectric layer 5 and the third dielectric layer 7 are the same and are larger than the thickness of the first dielectric layer 2, and the periods of the three dielectric layers are the same.
The first metal layer 1 and the first medium layer 2 jointly form a lossy layer, namely a lossy wave-absorbing layer of the wave absorber; the second metal layer 4, the second dielectric layer 5, the third metal layer 6, the third dielectric layer 7 and the fourth metal layer 8 together form a lossless layer, namely the frequency selection surface lossless layer of the broadband transmission wave. The air layer 3 is arranged between the lossy wave-absorbing layer and the frequency selection surface lossless layer, the distance between the lossy wave-absorbing layer and the frequency selection surface lossless layer is controlled, and the length of the distance needs to meet 1/4 of the wavelength of a transmission passband for air impedance matching. When the electromagnetic waves are incident to the frequency selective wave absorber, the electromagnetic waves are respectively coupled with the lossy wave absorbing layer and the lossless layer on the frequency selective surface, the insertion loss of the electromagnetic waves in the range of the intermediate frequency transmission frequency band in the transmission frequency band is very small due to the wave absorbing layer and the frequency selective surface layer, the electromagnetic waves can be transmitted out with very small insertion loss, the electromagnetic waves in the high frequency and low frequency absorption frequency bands can be absorbed by eight lumped resistors (namely four first lumped resistors and four second lumped resistors) in the first metal layer 1, and the absorption of the broadband is realized; the wave absorbing principle of the miniaturized wave absorber with the wide pass band is a circuit simulation wave absorber, the wave absorbing principle of the miniaturized wave absorber needs to meet the requirements of an upper-layer resistance lossy layer structure and a lower-layer metal total reflection layer, so that electromagnetic wave absorption is realized, and the upper-layer lossy layer plays a metal grounding role on the high-frequency and low-frequency wave absorbing bands of the wave absorber because the wide pass band frequency selection surface lossless layer is also total reflection outside the wide pass band.
The wave absorber is a brand new principle, namely two LC series circuits are connected in parallel to realize the pass band and the absorption band of the wave absorber. The two LCs connected in series are realized by current resonance of two L- shaped fractal structures 10 and 11, an RLC series circuit is realized by loading a first lumped resistor 13, electromagnetic wave absorption of an up-down absorption waveband is realized by combining the total reflection performance of a lossless layer in the two frequency bands, a wide passband of an intermediate frequency band is realized by LC parallel resonance formed by the two LCs connected in series, and a medium-frequency bandwidth wave-transmitting effect is realized by combining the wide passband of the lossless layer in an intermediate frequency.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6(a) and 6(b) show the absorption rate and transmission coefficient (S) of the absorber of the present invention at normal incidence of the electromagnetic waves TE and TM polarized waves, respectively21) And reflection coefficient (S)11) The results of (a) are plotted. It is obvious that the results are completely consistent when two different polarized waves are incident, so that the wave absorber structure is insensitive to polarization. It can be seen from fig. 6 that the wave absorber structure of the present invention realizes intermediate frequency broadband wave transmission, and broadband wave absorption on both sides of the wave transmission band; the frequency range of the transmission coefficient in the passband which is more than-3 dB is 4.76-6.33GHz, and the relative bandwidth reaches 28.3%; the range of the wave absorbing band on the left side of the pass band is 2.29-4.5GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 63.51%; the lower absorption band on the right side of the passband is 6.65-8.17GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 20.5%; the range of the reflection coefficient of the whole working frequency band less than minus 10dB is 2.44-7.74, and the relative bandwidth reaches 104%.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in order to show the stability of the structure of the present invention when the structure is incident at a wide angle, fig. 7(a) and fig. 7(b) are the resulting curves of the wave absorption rate, transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient of the absorber of the present invention when the electromagnetic waves TE polarized wave and TM polarized wave are incident at a large angle, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, the wave absorber structure of the invention has various performances under the condition of large-angle incidence: the bandwidth of the intermediate frequency passband, the bandwidth of the high frequency and low frequency wave absorption, the insertion loss in the intermediate frequency passband and the like are consistent with those of the normal incidence. In conclusion, the wave absorber structure not only realizes medium-frequency broadband wave transmission and high-frequency and low-frequency broadband wave absorption, but also realizes insensitivity to polarization and stable performance in wide-angle incidence.
The foregoing examples and description are illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and any other modifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The miniature wide-angle wave absorber with the inner wide passband based on the windmill-shaped structure is characterized by comprising a plurality of frequency selective wave absorber units which are periodically arranged, wherein each frequency selective wave absorber unit comprises a lossy layer (A) and a lossless layer (B) which are separated by an air layer (3); in the incident direction of electromagnetic waves, the lossy layer (A) sequentially comprises a first metal layer (1) and a first dielectric layer (2), and the lossless layer (B) sequentially comprises a second metal layer (4), a second dielectric layer (5), a third metal layer (6), a third dielectric layer (7) and a fourth metal layer (8); the first metal layer (1) comprises four groups of L-shaped metal arm structures which are in plane rotation symmetry, the four groups of L-shaped metal arm structures are four groups of windmill branches of windmill-shaped structures respectively, and the four groups of L-shaped metal arm structures are connected to a central point through first lumped resistors (13) respectively.
2. The windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle absorber with the in-band wide passband according to claim 1, wherein each group of L-shaped metal arm structures comprises two L-shaped fractal structures with different lengths, a second lumped resistor (12) is loaded on the long L-shaped fractal structure (10), and the short L-shaped fractal structure (11) is connected with the long L-shaped fractal structure (10) and then connected to the center point of the cross through the first lumped resistor (13).
3. The compact wide-angle absorber with an in-band wide passband based on a windmill-shaped structure according to claim 2, wherein the four first lumped resistors (13) have the same resistance value, the four second lumped resistors (12) have the same resistance value, and the first lumped resistors (13) have a larger resistance value than the second lumped resistors (12).
4. The windmill-shaped structure based miniaturized wide-angle absorber with an in-band wide passband according to claim 1, wherein the second metal layer (4) and the fourth metal layer (8) are the same in shape and size and are each composed of metal patches.
5. The windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle absorber with an inner wide passband according to claim 1, wherein the third metal layer (6) is composed of a square ring shaped metal patch.
6. The windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle wave absorber with the in-band wide passband according to claim 1, wherein the second dielectric layer (5) and the third dielectric layer (7) are made of the same dielectric and have dielectric constants smaller than that of the dielectric of the first dielectric layer (2), the second dielectric layer (5) and the third dielectric layer (7) have the same thickness and have a thickness larger than that of the first dielectric layer (2), and the three dielectric layers have the same period.
7. The windmill-shaped structure-based miniaturized wide-angle absorber with an in-band wide pass band according to claim 1, wherein the air layer (3) is used for impedance matching.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115173056A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-10-11 | 电子科技大学 | Low RCS broadband antenna housing based on antenna reciprocity principle |
| CN115360526A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | Frequency selection super surface structure with double wave-transmitting frequency bands and three wave-absorbing frequency bands |
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2021
- 2021-12-30 CN CN202111650565.0A patent/CN114498065A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115173056A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-10-11 | 电子科技大学 | Low RCS broadband antenna housing based on antenna reciprocity principle |
| CN115173056B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-08-08 | 电子科技大学 | Low RCS broadband radome based on antenna reciprocity principle |
| CN115360526A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | Frequency selection super surface structure with double wave-transmitting frequency bands and three wave-absorbing frequency bands |
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