CN114498019A

CN114498019A - Antenna patch, patch antenna, antenna array and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114498019A
Application number: CN202210392538.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陶子健; 冯友怀
Original assignee: Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing Hawkeye Electronic Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing Hawkeye Electronic Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-15
Filing date: 2022-04-15
Publication date: 2022-05-13
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-15
Also published as: CN114498019B

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna patch, a patch antenna, an antenna array and electronic equipment, wherein the antenna patch comprises a patch body, wherein an opening is formed in the patch body; at least one first conductor is arranged in the open hole along the vertical direction, and each first conductor is provided with at least one slot which divides the first conductor into two or more sections; the slots of adjacent first conductors are not on the same horizontal line. The patch antenna improves the matching degree, reduces the loss, does not need to additionally arrange a matching branch or a matching circuit, and directly adjusts the geometric dimension of the antenna radiation unit.

Description

Antenna patch, patch antenna, antenna array and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to an antenna patch, a patch antenna, an antenna array and electronic equipment.

Background

Matching of microstrip patch antennas usually employs open-circuit or short-circuit stubs at the feed end for matching, or designs lumped-parameter matching networks in the feed circuit. However, in a high frequency band, such as a millimeter wave band, the redundant branches can also be regarded as a resonant unit, which is easy to cause unwanted radiation and affect the directional diagram. And the matching network constructed by the lumped parameter element has no device of the corresponding frequency band, or has narrow bandwidth and is too sensitive to the frequency band, so that the matching performance is poor.

However, in the millimeter wave band, due to the limitation of the geometric size of the patch itself, in order to achieve the required slot length, the slot trace needs to be bent, which causes various parasitic capacitances, such as C1, C2, and C3 shown in fig. 9, to occur between the bent traces, thereby causing the mismatch due to the excessively large value of the single capacitive component in the antenna matching process and being difficult to adjust to a satisfactory matching result.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an antenna patch, a patch antenna, an antenna array and electronic equipment which can improve the matching degree and reduce the loss.

The invention firstly provides an antenna patch, which is characterized in that: an opening is formed in the patch; a plurality of first conductors are arranged in the open hole along the vertical direction, and each first conductor is provided with at least one slot; the slots on all the first conductors are distributed on at least 3 different height positions of the first conductors, and the slots of the adjacent first conductors are not on the same horizontal line.

The invention also provides a patch antenna, which comprises a substrate, a patch and a feeder line, wherein the patch and the feeder line are arranged on the substrate, the feeder line is coupled with the patch, and the patch antenna is characterized in that: the patch is the antenna patch.

The invention also provides an antenna array which is characterized in that the antenna patches are adopted as array elements to be matched with a feed network, and the feed network is a series feed network or a parallel feed network.

The invention also provides electronic equipment which is characterized in that the electronic equipment is provided with at least one processor, a radio frequency module and at least one patch antenna; when the electronic equipment transmits or receives signals, the signals are transmitted or received through the radio frequency module and the patch antenna.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the antenna patch, the first slot arranged on the first conductor in the open hole is positioned in the middle of the first conductor, so that the first conductor is divided into two sections, and the size of the antenna is reduced while the generation of inductive components of the first conductor can be reduced. In addition, the parasitic capacitor of C3 in the prior art is directly formed by the end of the conductor and the patch, so the area of the two conductors forming the parasitic capacitor is relatively large, and the first slot of the present application is formed in the middle section of the first conductor, so the size limit of the adjacent two parasitic conductor capacitors is the width of the first conductor. The magnitude of the parasitic capacitance can also be reduced. Thereby improving the matching degree and reducing the loss.

When the antenna patch is provided with a plurality of first slots or second slots which are positioned on the first conductor or the second conductor, the conductor disconnected among the slots is formed into a parasitic element and is capacitively coupled with the adjacent conductor, so that the current distribution is changed.

According to the antenna patch, the lengths of the adjacent conductors forming the C2 parasitic capacitance between the two adjacent first conductors 2 are reduced by staggering the first slots in the middle, so that the size of C2 is reduced, the matching degree is further improved, and the loss is reduced.

According to the invention, the first slot is formed in the first conductor, so that the matching degree is improved, the loss is reduced, and the geometric size of the antenna radiation unit is directly adjusted without additionally arranging a matching branch or a matching circuit.

Drawings

The technical solution and other advantages of the present application will become apparent from the detailed description of the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna patch according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna patch according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a patch antenna according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a series feed antenna array;

fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of the S11 parameter of the patch antenna of fig. 1;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a pattern simulation for the patch antenna of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is S11 of the series feed antenna array of FIG. 3;

FIG. 8 is a directional diagram simulation of the series fed antenna array of FIG. 3;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional patch antenna;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the parasitic capacitance of the antenna patch of fig. 1 according to the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the parasitic capacitance of the antenna patch of fig. 2 according to the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the patch antenna of the present application includes a patch 1 and a hole 3 formed inside the patch 1, at least one first conductor 2 is disposed in the hole 3 along a vertical direction, at least one first slot 4 is formed in each first conductor 2, and the first slots 4 of the adjacent first conductors 2 are not on the same horizontal line.

In the example shown in fig. 1, there are 1 first conductors 2 located in the openings 3, and there is one first slot 4 provided in the first conductors 2, and the first conductors 2 are divided into two sections by the first slot 4, one section being connected to the patch above the opening and one section being connected to the patch below the opening. The first slot 4 is formed in the middle of the first conductor, and the first slot 4 cuts the first conductor 2 in the length direction, so that the size of the antenna can be reduced, and the generation of inductive components of the first conductor 2 can be reduced.

The slotting enables the adjacent conductor length forming the C2 (fig. 3) parasitic capacitance to be reduced relative to the prior art in fig. 9, which in turn enables the size of the C2 to be reduced. Further, it is preferable that C4 be formed at an intermediate position of the first conductor with respect to C3, and thus the magnitude of parasitic capacitance is defined as the width of the first conductor. And one of the electrodes of C3 in fig. 9 is patch 1, which generates a larger capacitance value than the solution of this application in which the first conductor is slotted in the middle section due to the near-field coupling effect. That is to say, the technical scheme of this application can reduce the size of parasitic capacitance compared with prior art.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, there are 3 first conductors 2 located in the opening 3, and one first slot 4 is respectively disposed on each of the 3 first conductors 2, and the first slots 4 on two adjacent first conductors 2 are not at the same horizontal position. The adjacent first slots 4 are transversely translated without any overlapping area, so that mutual coupling among the first slots can be reduced, current distribution on the patch is adjusted, and the matching degree is improved. Coupling between adjacent first conductors is controlled to a minimum. Because the offset of the first slots can make the length of the adjacent conductors forming the C2 parasitic capacitance between the two adjacent first conductors 2 smaller, and further reduce the size of the C2, see fig. 11. In addition, since C3 is directly formed with the patch in the prior art, the area of two conductors forming the parasitic capacitor is relatively large, and the first slot 4 of the present application is formed in the middle of the first conductor 2, so that the size limit of the adjacent two parasitic conductor capacitors is the width of the first conductor 2. The magnitude of the parasitic capacitance can also be reduced.

In addition to the first conductor 2 being arranged in the opening 3, it is also possible to arrange second conductors 7 on both sides of the first conductor 2, the second conductors 7 being provided with second slots 8, the second slots 8 being located at the ends of the second conductors 7, see fig. 2.

Preferably, in order to make the beam narrower, the first slot 4 and the second slot 8 are distributed in the rectangular opening 3 in a curve that rises first and then falls, and the profile is formed in a distribution of a shape of a Chinese character 'shan'. That is, the height of the middle slot is the highest, and the heights of the adjacent slots are reduced in sequence. Since the direct-connected feed current amplitude is high relative to a coupled feed including a slot, the energy fed from the feed 5 can be concentrated near the middle, and thus the beam is narrower for a single radiating patch.

The present embodiment provides a patch antenna, as shown in fig. 3, including a substrate 6, and a patch 1 and a feeder 5 disposed on the substrate, where the feeder 5 is coupled to the patch 1, and the patch is an antenna patch in each of the above embodiments. The first conductor 2 and the feed line 5 of the patch 1 are arranged on one surface of a substrate 6.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the feed line 5 is formed in a stepped shape having different widths. But it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the patch 1 of figure 2 of the present application may also be used with other feed lines. For example, the patch 1 is used as an array element of an antenna array, and is matched with a feed network, and the feed network can be a series feed network (fig. 4) or a parallel feed network. The ports of the series feed network in fig. 4 are located lowermost.

Fig. 5 and 6 are graphs of simulation of the S11 parameters and the pattern of the patch antenna of fig. 1, where the patch resonance point is about 77.7GHz and the individual patch gain is about 7 dBi.

In FIG. 7, the-10 dB band ranged from 76.8-79GHz, the S11 minimum appeared at 77.7GHz, and the S11 minimum was-36 dB, achieving excellent impedance matching.

The E-plane and H-plane patterns of the series fed antenna array of figure 4 are shown in figure 8. The maximum gain of the array is 15.4dBi, the E-plane 3dB beamwidth is 9.8 °, and the H-plane 6dB beamwidth is 103 °.

Those skilled in the art can know that a suitable substrate can be used as the antenna substrate, such as PTFE, FR4 glass fiber, ceramic, etc., and correspondingly, the material for forming the conductor can be selected from conventional conductors, such as copper foil, aluminum foil, gold foil, silver paste, etc., according to the frequency band requirement, and the application is not limited in particular.

Wherein the geometrical size is L =1-15mm, W =1-10mm, L1=0.5-5 mm. The width of the slot is 0.5-3 mm. The antenna application field of the present application can be used for a millimeter wave radar antenna, for example.

The present embodiment provides an antenna array, which uses the antenna patches of the above embodiments as array elements to cooperate with a feed network, where the feed network is a series feed network or a parallel feed network.

The embodiment provides an electronic device, which is provided with at least one processor, a radio frequency module and at least one patch antenna; when the electronic equipment transmits or receives signals, the signals are transmitted or received through the radio frequency module and the patch antenna.

In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or conflicting with respect to logic, terms or descriptions in different embodiments have consistency and may be mutually cited, and technical features in different embodiments may be combined to form a new embodiment according to their inherent logic relationship. In the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more.

It is to be understood that the various numerical references referred to in the embodiments of the present application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by their functions and inherent logic.

Claims

1. An antenna patch, includes the patch body, its characterized in that: an opening is formed in the patch body; at least one first conductor is arranged in the open hole along the vertical direction, and each first conductor is provided with at least one first groove which divides the first conductor into two or more sections; the first slots of adjacent first conductors are not on the same horizontal line.

2. The antenna patch of claim 1, wherein: the first slots on all the first conductors are distributed in height position to form a curve which rises first and then falls.

3. The antenna patch of claim 2, wherein: the number of the first conductors is odd, and the height of the first notch of the first conductor in the middle is located at the highest point of the curve.

4. The antenna patch of claim 3, wherein: the rest first conductors are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the middle first conductor.

5. The antenna patch of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the opening inside the patch body is rectangular.

6. The antenna patch of claim 5, wherein: the patch body is rectangular in shape.

7. The antenna patch of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: two second conductors are arranged in the open hole along the vertical direction, and the two second conductors are distributed on two sides of the first conductor; the second conductor is provided with a slot at an end portion.

8. A patch antenna comprising a substrate, and a patch and a feed disposed on the substrate, the feed being coupled to the patch, characterized in that: the patch is the antenna patch of any one of claims 1-7.

9. An antenna array, characterized in that the antenna patches of any of claims 1-7 are used as array elements to cooperate with a feed network, the feed network being a series feed network or a parallel feed network.

10. An electronic device characterized in that it is provided with at least one processor, a radio frequency module, and at least one patch antenna as claimed in claim 8; when the electronic equipment transmits or receives signals, the signals are transmitted or received through the radio frequency module and the patch antenna.