CN114498013B - Four-arm spiral antenna based on artificial surface plasma primitive structure - Google Patents
Four-arm spiral antenna based on artificial surface plasma primitive structure Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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Abstract
The invention provides a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasma primitive structure, which comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate, a coplanar waveguide feed structure, an SSPP transition structure formed by increasing the depth of an H-shaped SSPP unit groove and outwards expanding metal ground, an SSPP power divider structure and an SSPP transmission line. The coplanar waveguide is used for feeding, and propagation constant, polarization and impedance matching are realized through the SSPP transition structure. The four-arm spiral antenna for satellite communication is characterized in that a power divider structure and a phase shifting structure are formed by taking an SSPP transmission line as a basis, electromagnetic waves with 90-degree phase difference are sequentially transmitted to four radiation arms through a transition structure, circular polarization is achieved, meanwhile, the antenna efficiency, the gain and the circular polarization characteristics are improved, and the four-arm spiral antenna for satellite communication is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasma primitive structure, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication.
Background
Along with the development and progress of social technology, the technical field of wireless communication is accompanied with the subsequent efforts of numerous scholars from television, broadcasting to radar and satellite, and the antenna occupies an impossibility important position in the field of wireless communication, and as a forefront component in the whole communication system, the quality of the whole communication system is influenced by the quality of each parameter in the antenna, and for different application scenes, different types of antennas can be applied, and the index requirements on each performance of the antenna are different. The global satellite navigation system is one of the important researches in recent decades, and in recent years, it plays an increasingly important role in the civil and military fields. Among the various positioning systems, the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the united states, the russian GLONASS satellite navigation system (GLONASS), the european union GALILEO satellite navigation system (GALILEO), and the chinese beidou satellite navigation system (BDS), which are four major core providers promulgated by the international committee. The GPS is a global system established for the first time in the world, the GLONASS is a global second largest satellite navigation system, the GALILEO is a first completely civil satellite navigation system, the Beidou satellite navigation system is a satellite navigation system which is independently researched and developed in China, and the Beidou satellite navigation system has completely covered the southeast Asia area after undergoing continuous progress of aerospace and navigation in recent years.
The terminal antenna used in the satellite navigation system mainly considers four parameters of antenna gain, standing wave ratio, axial ratio and size, and is the microstrip patch antenna and the quadrifilar helix antenna most widely used. The microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of simple structure, small size, low section, simple and convenient feed, better gain compared with a quadrifilar helix antenna, but the disadvantages are also obvious, the bandwidth is narrow, and the loss is large. The quadrifilar helix antenna has the advantages of wide wave beam and good circular polarization performance at high and low elevation angles due to the cardiac radiation pattern, and the quadrifilar helix antenna has the advantages of greatly reducing the size of the quadrifilar helix antenna and facilitating miniaturization along with the appearance of the printed quadrifilar helix antenna in 1996.
Based on surface plasmon (SPP) on an optical frequency band, a learner directs the eyes to the fields of microwaves and terahertz, and a theoretical scheme for applying the SPP to the microwaves and terahertz frequency band is proposed by the J.B.Penry team in 2004 by introducing some special periodic structures. The following year Hibbins team demonstrated the feasibility of designing periodic unit structure schemes on metals. Subsequently, artificial surface plasmon (SSPP) structures are continuously evolving in the microwave and terahertz fields. The SSPP structure has the advantages of low loss, high constraint and adjustable dispersion characteristic, can be used for solving the problem of mutual coupling of adjacent transmission lines in an integrated circuit, reduces the adjacent coupling loss generated by the transmission lines, and has low mutual coupling loss and extremely low dielectric loss when designing a power divider and a phase shifter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a four-arm spiral antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon (SSPP) structure, which solves the problem of mutual coupling of adjacent transmission lines in a feed network through the high constraint of the SSPP structure, reduces the adjacent coupling loss, has extremely low dielectric loss when the SSPP structure is used as the transmission line, and increases the gain and superior circular polarization characteristics when the four-arm spiral antenna has a wide beam.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: the planar waveguide type four-arm spiral antenna comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate 101, a cylindrical dielectric substrate 102, a coplanar waveguide feed structure 103, an SSPP transition structure, an SSPP power divider structure 106, an SSPP transmission line 107, a spiral radiation arm 108, wherein the H-shaped SSPP unit 104 with a continuously deepened groove and the outwards-opened metal ground are formed into the planar waveguide type planar waveguide feed structure 105, the transition structure of the SSPP power divider structure 106 is printed at the lower end of the rectangular dielectric substrate 101 and is connected with the coplanar waveguide feed structure 103, a main circuit of the SSPP power divider structure 106 is connected with the transition structure through the SSPP transmission line 107, the branches are connected with the SSPP transmission line 107 with different lengths to realize phase shift, the phase shift is printed at the lower end of the rectangular dielectric substrate 101, the SSPP transmission line 107 feeds four spiral radiation arms 108 of the four-arm spiral antenna through the transition structure, the four 1/4-turn radiation arms 108 of the four-arm spiral antenna are rotated by 90 degrees and are sequentially printed on the cylindrical dielectric substrate 102, and the cylindrical dielectric substrate 102 is vertically placed at the upper end of the rectangular dielectric substrate 101 and positioned at the center.
Further, a brand new feed network is formed by the artificial surface plasma primitive structure, so that functions of power division and phase shift are realized, and low-loss transmission is realized.
Further, the artificial surface plasmon structure and the quadrifilar helix antenna are combined together, and the radiation efficiency and circular polarization characteristics of the quadrifilar helix antenna are improved through the advantages of the artificial surface plasmon structure.
Further, the invention adopts the coplanar waveguide feed structure 103, and realizes impedance matching, polarization matching and propagation constant matching between the coplanar waveguide and the SSPP transmission line through an SSPP transition structure from the coplanar waveguide to the SSPP transmission line. The SSPP power divider structure 106 is used for realizing one-fourth of input power, the SSPP transmission line 107 is formed by a periodic unit structure, is a slow wave structure, can realize miniaturization of devices and systems, and has ultra-wide bandwidth. By adjusting the length of the SSPP structure, the phase difference is realized, four ports with 90 degrees of phase difference are achieved, and the high constraint property of the SSPP structure enables the SSPP power division structure 106 and the adjacent coupling loss of a transmission line in the SSPP phase shift structure to be extremely small, so that efficient transmission of the antenna is realized, the radiation of the antenna is increased, and finally the radiation is fed to four radiation arms 108 of the four-arm spiral antenna through a transition structure at the upper end of a rectangular dielectric substrate, and stable circularly polarized radiation is realized because the four ports generate 90 degrees of phase difference. Due to the extremely low loss of the SSPP transmission line during transmission, the efficiency and circular polarization characteristics of the antenna are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the four-arm spiral antenna based on the artificial surface plasma primitive structure is based on the phase shifting part which is realized by the length difference of the split four power divider and the SSPP structure of the SSPP structure, the traditional differential phase shifter realizes phase shifting by the length difference of two transmission lines, the design has the advantages that coplanar waveguide feeds, the SSPP structure and the four-arm spiral antenna can be printed, the processing complexity is greatly reduced, when the SSPP structure is used as the transmission line, the dielectric loss is extremely low, because the structure is a slow wave structure, the electromagnetic wave can be used for solving the problem of mutual coupling of adjacent transmission lines in an integrated circuit, the adjacent coupling loss generated by the transmission line is reduced, and when the power divider and the phase shifter are designed, the mutual coupling loss is low, the stability of feeding and phase shifting is achieved, and the efficiency and the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna are ensured.
The quadrifilar helix antenna structure based on the artificial surface plasma primitive structure has the advantages of novel design, compact layout, low adjacent coupling loss, convenient debugging and higher accuracy when applied to a terminal antenna for satellite communication.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a bottom view of a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view of a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 4 is a right side view of a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an SSPP transition structure for a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 6 is an SSPP power divider structure based on an artificial surface plasmon structure quadrifilar helix antenna designed in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: the four-arm spiral antenna based on the artificial surface plasmon SSPP structure mainly comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate 101, a coplanar waveguide feed structure 103 positioned at the lower end of the substrate, an SSPP transition structure formed by an increasing H-shaped SSPP unit groove depth 104 and an outwards-opened metal ground 105, an SSPP power divider structure 106, phase shifting is realized through an SSPP transmission line 107, a spiral line radiation arm 108 positioned on the surface of the cylindrical dielectric substrate 102, the SSPP transmission line structure is formed by arranging H-shaped SSPP units periodically, and the power divider part and the phase shifter part are both formed by taking the H-shaped SSPP transmission line structure as a basis, so that the coupling loss between the power divider structure and the phase shifter structure is low, and the SSPP structure has the advantages of easy integration and miniaturization. The spiral radiating arm 108 has four spiral turns of 1/4 turn and an open-top spiral radiating arm. The 90-degree phase shifting function formed by the SSPP structure realizes that the four spiral radiation arms reach 90-degree feed phase difference, so that circularly polarized waves are radiated.
The coplanar waveguide feed structure 103 achieves an impedance match with an input impedance of 50 ohms. The small spacing between the metal ground and the signal transmission line can achieve low impedance of the circuit, and by adjusting the spacing, the impedance of the circuit can be changed. And the loss of microstrip line feed is great relative to the loss of coplanar waveguide feed, and the use of coplanar waveguide feed structure 103 is also in order to improve the radiation efficiency of antenna, reduces the influence that the loss brought, also can be better for the regulation of back SSPP transition structure.
The SSPP transition structure is composed of an H-shaped SSPP unit 104 with the depth of a groove continuously increasing and a metal ground 105 which is outwards opened, wherein the metal ground is outwards opened in a curve, the amplitude of the change of the depth of the groove of the H-shaped SSPP unit is different from that of the curve of the metal ground, so that the propagation constant can be gradually increased from that of a lower coplanar waveguide to that of the SSPP waveguide, the coplanar waveguide propagates quasi-transverse electromagnetic waves, and the mode of the SSPP is transverse magnetic waves. Propagation constant matching, polarization matching and impedance matching between the coplanar waveguide and the SSPP transmission line can be realized through the transition structure. The optimal matching of the structure is achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the groove depth change of the H-shaped SSPP unit and the amplitude of the metal ground curve.
The SSPP power divider structure 106 and the phase shifting part are based on the design of an SSPP transmission line 107, the SSPP transmission line 107 is composed of a periodic H-shaped SSPP unit, the traditional differential phase shifter is used for realizing the phase shifting by means of the length difference of the two transmission lines or realizing the phase shifting by changing the propagation constant of the transmission line under the condition of the same length, the change of capacitance in an equivalent circuit is realized by changing the length of the SSPP transmission line 107 based on the phase shifting, the 90-degree sequential shift of the phase is realized, the SSPP power divider structure 106 is an SSPP power divider of a planar Y-shaped structure, the two branches are also composed of SSPP waveguides of an H-shaped structure, and the two branches are respectively provided with the SSPP power divider of a gradual change structure and then pass through the Y-shaped structure, so that one-fourth distribution of power is realized.
The spiral radiation arm 108 is formed by rotating four identical 1/4-turn spiral radiation arms by 90 degrees, and the top ends of the four spiral arms are in an open circuit mode because the length of each spiral radiation arm is an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength. Electromagnetic waves with the phase difference of 90 degrees are transmitted to the four radiation arms sequentially by the transition structure, and the electromagnetic waves are equivalent to two mutually orthogonal dipole antennas, so that mutually orthogonal coupling is realized to generate circularly polarized waves.
In summary, the invention discloses a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure, which has a novel feed transmission structure, and uses an SSPP transition structure with an increasing groove depth of an H-shaped SSPP unit and an outwards bent and enlarged metal ground to transmit electromagnetic waves to the SSPP structure through coplanar waveguide feed, so as to adjust the bending degree of the metal ground in the transition structure, thereby achieving impedance, transmission constant and polarization matching. By using an SSPP power divider structure and a phase shifting structure formed by the design of SSPP transmission lines with different lengths, transmitted electromagnetic waves are formed in a phase difference 90 DEG, and are respectively fed to four 1/4-circle spiral radiation arms through a transition structure to radiate circularly polarized waves. The cut-off frequency and dispersion curve of the SSPP unit are changed by adjusting the length dimension of the SSPP transmission line and the dimension of the H-shaped SSPP unit, so that the antenna achieves good circular polarization radiation. The design of the invention combines the artificial surface plasma primitive structure and the four-arm spiral antenna together, and the two structures have the advantages of being printable, bendable and foldable and easy to integrate and miniaturize, and the radiation efficiency and the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna are improved by further improving the four-arm spiral antenna for satellite communication through the advantage of low loss of the artificial surface plasma primitive structure. In summary, the invention provides a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure, which comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate, a coplanar waveguide feed structure, an SSPP transition structure formed by increasing the depth of an H-shaped SSPP unit groove and outwards expanding metal ground, an SSPP power divider structure and an SSPP transmission line. The coplanar waveguide is used for feeding, and propagation constant, polarization and impedance matching are realized through the SSPP transition structure. The four-arm spiral antenna for satellite communication is characterized in that a power divider structure and a phase shifting structure are formed by taking an SSPP transmission line as a basis, electromagnetic waves with 90-degree phase difference are sequentially transmitted to four radiation arms through a transition structure, circular polarization is achieved, meanwhile, the antenna efficiency, the gain and the circular polarization characteristics are improved, and the four-arm spiral antenna for satellite communication is further improved.
Claims (4)
1. A quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure is characterized in that: the planar waveguide power divider comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate (101), a cylindrical dielectric substrate (102), a coplanar waveguide feed structure (103), an artificial surface plasma element transition structure, an SSPP power divider structure (106), an SSPP transmission line (107), a spiral line radiation arm (108), wherein the artificial surface plasma element transition structure consists of an H-shaped SSPP unit (104) with a continuously deepened groove and an outwards-opened metal ground (105), and the artificial surface plasma element transition structure is printed at the lower end of the rectangular dielectric substrate (101) and is connected with the coplanar waveguide feed structure (103); the main circuit of the SSPP power divider structure (106) is connected with the transition structure through an SSPP transmission line (107), the branches are connected with the SSPP transmission lines (107) with different lengths to realize phase shift, and the SSPP transmission line (107) feeds four spiral radiation arms (108) of the four-arm spiral antenna through the transition structure; the four radiating arms (108) of the four-arm spiral antenna, which are 1/4 circles, rotate at 90 degrees and are sequentially printed on the cylindrical medium substrate (102); the cylindrical dielectric substrate (102) is vertically placed at the upper end of the rectangular dielectric substrate (101) and is positioned at the center thereof.
2. A quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the novel feed network is formed by the artificial surface plasma primitive structure, so that the functions of power division and phase shift are realized, and low-loss transmission is realized.
3. A quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the artificial surface plasma primitive structure and the four-arm spiral antenna are combined together, and the radiation efficiency and circular polarization characteristic of the four-arm spiral antenna are improved through the advantages of the artificial surface plasma primitive structure.
4. A quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein: adopting a coplanar waveguide feed structure (103), and realizing impedance matching, polarization matching and propagation constant matching between the coplanar waveguide and the SSPP transmission line through an SSPP transition structure from the coplanar waveguide to the SSPP transmission line; the SSPP power divider structure (106) is used for realizing one-fourth of input power, the SSPP transmission line (107) is formed by a periodic unit structure, is of a slow wave structure, realizes miniaturization of devices and systems, achieves four ports with 90 degrees of phase difference by adjusting the length of the SSPP structure, and has high constraint, so that the SSPP power divider structure (106) has extremely low coupling loss between adjacent transmission lines in the SSPP phase-shifting structure, realizes efficient transmission of an antenna, and finally feeds to four radiation arms (108) of a four-arm spiral antenna through a transition structure at the upper end of a rectangular dielectric substrate, and achieves stable circularly polarized radiation due to 90-degree phase difference generated by the four ports.
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