CN114498013A - Four-arm helical antenna based on artificial surface plasmon element structure - Google Patents
Four-arm helical antenna based on artificial surface plasmon element structure Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a four-arm helical antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon element structure, which comprises an SSPP transition structure, an SSPP power divider structure and an SSPP transmission line, wherein the SSPP transition structure, the SSPP power divider structure and the SSPP transmission line are formed by a rectangular dielectric substrate, a coplanar waveguide feed structure, an increasing depth of an H-shaped SSPP unit groove and an outwards-opened metal ground. Feeding is carried out through the coplanar waveguide, and propagation constant, polarization and impedance matching are achieved through the SSPP transition structure. The power divider structure and the phase shifting structure which are formed on the basis of the SSPP transmission lines sequentially transmit electromagnetic waves with 90-degree phase difference to the four radiation arms through the transition structure, so that the antenna efficiency, the gain and the circular polarization characteristics are improved while the circular polarization is realized, and the four-arm helical antenna for satellite communication is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a four-arm helical antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon element structure, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication.
Background
With the development and progress of social science and technology, the technical field of wireless communication is accompanied by subsequent efforts of numerous scholars on the front, namely from television, broadcast to radar and satellite, while the antenna occupies an unimportant important position in the field of wireless communication, as the most front component part in the whole communication system, the quality of each parameter in the antenna influences the quality of the whole communication system, and for different application scenes, the antenna can be applied to different types of antennas, and the requirements on the indexes of each performance of the antenna are different. The global satellite navigation system is one of the important researches that have been made in recent decades, and in recent years, it plays more and more important roles in the civil field and the military field. Among the positioning systems, the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the united states, the GLONASS satellite navigation system (GLONASS) in russia, the GALILEO satellite navigation system (GALILEO) in the european union, and the beidou satellite navigation system (BDS) in china, are four major core providers published by the international committee. The global system is established in the world, the global system is the second largest global satellite navigation system, the GALILEO is the first completely civil satellite navigation system, the Beidou satellite navigation system is the satellite navigation system independently developed in China, and the Beidou satellite navigation system has completely covered the southeast Asia region after undergoing continuous progress of aerospace and navigation industries in recent years.
The terminal antenna applied in the satellite navigation system mainly considers four parameters of the antenna, such as gain, standing-wave ratio, axial ratio and size, and the most widely applied terminal antenna is a microstrip patch antenna and a quadrifilar helix antenna. The microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of simple structure, small size, low profile, simple and convenient feeding, and better gain compared with a quadrifilar helical antenna, but the microstrip patch antenna has the same obvious defects, narrow bandwidth and large loss. The quadrifilar helix antenna has the advantages of wide beam and good high-low elevation angle circular polarization performance due to the heart radiation directional diagram, and more particularly, the size of the quadrifilar helix antenna is greatly reduced along with the appearance of the quadrifilar helix antenna printed in 1996, so that the quadrifilar helix antenna is convenient to miniaturize.
Based on surface plasmon (SPP) on an optical frequency band, a scholars aim at the microwave and terahertz fields, and a theoretical scheme for applying the SPP to the microwave and terahertz frequency band is provided in the j.b.pendry team in 2004 by introducing some special periodic structures. The next year hibblins team demonstrated the feasibility of designing periodic cell structure schemes on metal. Subsequently, artificial surface plasmon (SSPP) structures are continuously developed in the microwave and terahertz fields. The SSPP structure has the advantages of low loss, high constraint and adjustable dispersion characteristic, can be used for solving the problem of mutual coupling of adjacent transmission lines in an integrated circuit, reduces the adjacent coupling loss generated by the transmission lines, and has low mutual coupling loss and extremely low dielectric loss when a power divider and a phase shifter are designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon (SSPP) structure, which solves the problem of mutual coupling of adjacent transmission lines in a feed network through the high constraint of the SSPP structure, reduces adjacent coupling loss, has extremely low dielectric loss when the SSPP structure is used as a transmission line, and increases gain and has excellent circular polarization characteristics when the quadrifilar helix antenna has a wide beam.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the antenna comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate 101, a cylindrical dielectric substrate 102, a coplanar waveguide feed structure 103, an SSPP transition structure 105 consisting of an H-shaped SSPP unit 104 with a continuously deepened groove and an outwardly opened metal ground, an SSPP power divider structure 106, an SSPP transmission line 107, a helical radiation arm 108, wherein the transition structure of the SSPP transmission line is printed at the lower end of the rectangular dielectric substrate 101 and connected with the coplanar waveguide feed structure 103, a main circuit of the SSPP power divider structure 106 is connected with the transition structure through the SSPP transmission line 107, branch circuits are connected with the SSPP transmission lines 107 with different lengths to realize phase shift and are printed at the lower end of the rectangular dielectric substrate 101, the SSPP transmission line 107 feeds power to the four helical radiation arms 108 of the four-arm helical antenna through the transition structure and is printed at the upper end of the rectangular dielectric substrate 101, the radiation arms 108 of four 1/4 turns of the four-arm helical antenna rotate at 90 degrees and are sequentially printed on the cylindrical dielectric substrate 102, the cylindrical dielectric substrate 102 is vertically placed at the upper end of the rectangular dielectric substrate 101, at the center thereof.
Furthermore, a brand new feed network formed by the artificial surface plasma element structure realizes the functions of power division and phase shift, and realizes low-loss transmission.
Furthermore, the artificial surface plasmon element structure and the four-arm helical antenna are combined together, and the radiation efficiency and the circular polarization characteristic of the four-arm helical antenna are improved through the advantages of the artificial surface plasmon element structure.
Furthermore, the invention adopts the coplanar waveguide feed structure 103, and realizes impedance matching, polarization matching and propagation constant matching between the coplanar waveguide and the SSPP transmission line through the SSPP transition structure from the coplanar waveguide to the SSPP transmission line. And then one-to-four of the input power is realized by the SSPP power divider structure 106, the SSPP transmission line 107 is formed by a periodic unit structure, and is a slow wave structure, which can realize miniaturization of devices and systems, and in addition, the SSPP structure has an ultra-wide bandwidth. Through adjusting the length of the SSPP structure, the phase difference is realized, four ports with 90-degree phase difference are achieved, and the SSPP structure has high binding performance, so that the SSPP power division structure 106 is realized, the transmission line interproximal coupling loss in the SSPP phase shift structure is extremely low, the efficient transmission of the antenna is realized, the radiation of the antenna is increased, and finally the antenna is fed to four radiation arms 108 of the four-arm helical antenna through a transition structure positioned at the upper end of the rectangular dielectric substrate, and the stable circularly polarized radiation is realized because the four ports generate 90-degree phase difference. In the transmission process, due to the extremely low loss of the SSPP transmission line, the efficiency and the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the four-arm helical antenna based on the artificial surface plasma element structure is based on a one-to-four power divider of an SSPP structure and a phase shifting part realized by different lengths of the SSPP structure, and the traditional differential phase shifter realizes the phase shifting by depending on the length difference of two transmission lines.
The four-arm spiral antenna structure based on the artificial surface plasma element structure is novel in design, compact in layout, low in adjacent coupling loss and convenient to debug, and the terminal antenna applied to satellite communication has higher accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bottom view of a four-arm helical antenna designed based on an artificial surface plasmon primitive structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a quadrifilar helix antenna designed based on an artificial surface plasmon primitive structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a four-arm helical antenna designed based on an artificial surface plasmon primitive structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of a four-arm helical antenna designed based on an artificial surface plasmon primitive structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an SSPP transition structure of a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon primitive structure according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is an SSPP power divider structure based on a quadrifilar helix antenna of an artificial surface plasmon basic element structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the four-arm helical antenna based on the artificial surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structure mainly comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate 101, a coplanar waveguide feed structure 103 positioned at the lower end of the substrate, an SSPP transition structure formed by continuously increased groove depths 104 of H-shaped SSPP units and an outwards opened metal ground 105, an SSPP power divider structure 106 for realizing phase shifting through an SSPP transmission line 107, a helical radiation arm 108 positioned on the surface of the cylindrical dielectric substrate 102, the SSPP transmission line structure is in H-shaped SSPP unit periodic arrangement, and the power divider part and the phase shifter part are both formed on the basis of the H-shaped SSPP transmission line structure, so that the coupling loss between the power divider structure and the phase shifter structure is low, and the SSPP structure has the advantages of easiness in integration and miniaturization. The spiral radiating arm 108 has four turns 1/4 of a spiral, open-topped spiral radiating arm. Through the 90-degree phase shifting function formed by the SSPP structure, the feeding phase difference of the four spiral radiation arms reaching 90 degrees is realized, and therefore the circularly polarized wave is radiated.
The coplanar waveguide feed structure 103 described achieves an impedance match of 50 ohms of input impedance. The small spacing between the metal ground and the signal transmission line can achieve a low impedance of the circuit, and the impedance of the circuit can be changed by adjusting the spacing. And the loss of microstrip line feed is larger than that of coplanar waveguide feed, and the coplanar waveguide feed structure 103 is also used for improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna, reducing the influence caused by loss and better adjusting the subsequent SSPP transition structure.
The SSPP transition structure is composed of an H-shaped SSPP unit 104 with the depth of a groove being increased continuously and an outward-opened metal ground 105, the metal ground is opened outward in a curve mode, the amplitude of the change of the depth of the groove of the H-shaped SSPP unit is different from the amplitude of the curve of the metal ground, so that the propagation constant can be gradually increased to the propagation constant of the SSPP waveguide from the lower propagation constant of the coplanar waveguide, the coplanar waveguide propagates quasi-transverse electromagnetic waves, and the mode of the SSPP is transverse magnetic waves. The transition structure can realize the propagation constant matching, polarization matching and impedance matching between the coplanar waveguide and the SSPP transmission line. The optimum matching of the structure is achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the depth change of the grooves of the H-shaped SSPP unit and the amplitude of the metal ground curve.
The SSPP power divider structure 106 and the phase shift part are based on an SSPP transmission line 107, the SSPP transmission line 107 is composed of periodic H-type SSPP units, a conventional differential phase shifter realizes phase shift by using a length difference between two transmission lines, or realizes phase shift by changing a propagation constant of the transmission lines under the condition of the same length, so that a change of capacitance in an equivalent circuit is realized by changing the length of the SSPP transmission line 107 on the basis, 90-degree sequential shift of the phase is realized, the SSPP power divider structure 106 is a planar Y-shaped SSPP power divider, two branches are also composed of H-shaped SSPP waveguides, and a one-to-four distribution of power is realized by a gradient structure and then a Y-shaped SSPP power divider.
The spiral radiation arm 108 is composed of four identical 1/4 turns of spiral radiation arms rotated by 90 °, and since the length of each spiral radiation arm is an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength, the top ends of the four spiral radiation arms are in an open circuit mode. The electromagnetic waves with phase difference of 90 degrees are transmitted to the four radiation arms from the transition structure in sequence and are equivalent to two dipole antennas which are orthogonal to each other, so that the circular polarized waves are generated by the mutual orthogonal coupling.
In summary, the invention discloses a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon element structure, which has a brand-new feed transmission structure, and transmits electromagnetic waves to the SSPP structure by feeding through coplanar waveguides and using an SSPP transition structure of an H-shaped SSPP unit groove with continuously increased depth and a metal ground with outward bending expansion, and adjusts the bending degree of the metal ground in the transition structure so as to achieve matching of impedance, a transmission constant and polarization. The SSPP power divider structure and the phase shifting structure formed by SSPP transmission lines with different lengths are used, so that transmitted electromagnetic waves are in a 90-degree phase difference form, and are respectively fed to four 1/4-turn spiral radiation arms through the transition structure to radiate circularly polarized waves. By adjusting the length of the SSPP transmission line and the size of the H-shaped SSPP unit, the cut-off frequency and the dispersion curve of the SSPP unit are changed, so that the antenna achieves good circularly polarized radiation. The design of the invention combines the artificial surface plasma element structure and the four-arm spiral antenna together, the two structures have the advantages of being printable, bendable and foldable, and easy to integrate and miniaturize, and the four-arm spiral antenna for satellite communication is further improved by the advantage of low loss of the artificial surface plasma element structure, and the radiation efficiency and the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna are improved. In summary, the invention provides a quadrifilar helix antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon element structure, which comprises an SSPP transition structure, an SSPP power divider structure and an SSPP transmission line, wherein the SSPP transition structure, the SSPP power divider structure and the SSPP transmission line are formed by a rectangular dielectric substrate, a coplanar waveguide feed structure, an increasing depth of an H-shaped SSPP unit groove and an outward-opening metal ground. Feeding is carried out through the coplanar waveguide, and propagation constant, polarization and impedance matching are achieved through the SSPP transition structure. The power divider structure and the phase shifting structure which are formed on the basis of the SSPP transmission lines sequentially transmit electromagnetic waves with 90-degree phase difference to the four radiation arms through the transition structure, so that the antenna efficiency, the gain and the circular polarization characteristics are improved while the circular polarization is realized, and the four-arm helical antenna for satellite communication is further improved.
Claims (4)
1. A four-arm helical antenna based on an artificial surface plasmon element structure is characterized in that: the planar waveguide antenna comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate (101), a cylindrical dielectric substrate (102), a coplanar waveguide feed structure (103), an artificial surface plasmon transition structure, an SSPP power divider structure (106), an SSPP transmission line (107) and a spiral radiation arm (108), wherein the artificial surface plasmon transition structure consists of an H-shaped SSPP unit (104) with a continuously deepened groove and an outwards-opened metal ground (105), and is printed at the lower end of the rectangular dielectric substrate (101) and connected with the coplanar waveguide feed structure (103); the main path and the transition structure of the SSPP power divider structure (106) are connected through an SSPP transmission line (107), the branch paths are connected with the SSPP transmission lines (107) with different lengths to realize phase shift, and the SSPP transmission line (107) feeds power to four spiral radiation arms (108) of the four-arm spiral antenna through the transition structure; the four 1/4 circles of radiating arms (108) of the four-arm helical antenna rotate at 90 degrees and are sequentially printed on a cylindrical dielectric substrate (102); the cylindrical dielectric substrate (102) is vertically arranged at the upper end of the rectangular dielectric substrate (101) and is positioned at the center of the rectangular dielectric substrate.
2. The quadrifilar helix antenna based on artificial surface plasmon based structures of claim 1, wherein: the novel feed network formed by the artificial surface plasma element structure realizes the functions of power division and phase shift and realizes low-loss transmission.
3. The quadrifilar helix antenna based on artificial surface plasmon based structures of claim 1, wherein: the artificial surface plasmon element structure and the four-arm helical antenna are combined together, and the radiation efficiency and the circular polarization characteristic of the four-arm helical antenna are improved through the advantages of the artificial surface plasmon element structure.
4. The quadrifilar helix antenna based on artificial surface plasmon based structures of claim 1, wherein: the impedance matching, the polarization matching and the propagation constant matching between the coplanar waveguide and the SSPP transmission line are realized by adopting a coplanar waveguide feed structure (103) and through an SSPP transition structure from the coplanar waveguide to the SSPP transmission line; and then one-to-four of input power is realized by an SSPP power divider structure (106), an SSPP transmission line (107) is composed of a periodic unit structure and is a slow wave structure, miniaturization of devices and systems is realized, phase difference is realized by adjusting the length of the SSPP structure, and four ports with 90-degree phase difference are reached, and the SSPP structure has high constraint property, so that the SSPP power divider structure (106) has the advantages that the transmission line adjacent coupling loss in the SSPP phase shift structure is extremely low, high-efficiency transmission of an antenna is realized, and finally, the antenna is fed to four radiation arms (108) of the four-arm helical antenna through a transition structure positioned at the upper end of a rectangular dielectric substrate, and stable circularly polarized radiation is realized because the four ports generate 90-degree phase difference.
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| CN115020981A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-06 | 华南理工大学 | Array antenna applied to 5G communication |
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