CN114497845A - 牵引电池模块 - Google Patents

牵引电池模块 Download PDF

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CN114497845A
CN114497845A CN202111233447.XA CN202111233447A CN114497845A CN 114497845 A CN114497845 A CN 114497845A CN 202111233447 A CN202111233447 A CN 202111233447A CN 114497845 A CN114497845 A CN 114497845A
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battery module
traction battery
spring
cell stack
elements
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P·克勒纳
D·席贝尔
I·沃格尔
S·莫斯托菲
C·福尔克默
A·斯塔尔切夫斯基
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种牵引电池模块(10)，具有：横截面呈矩形的壳体本体(20)，该壳体本体具有四个侧壁(21，22，23，24)和两个端壁(25，26)；以及布置在壳体本体(20)中的组合成单元元件堆(30)的多个单元元件(301‑306)。在单元元件堆(30)的两个端侧的纵向端部处分别设置有保持框架(40，40')，这些单元元件(301‑306)的纵向端部分别保持在保持框架上，其方式为使得单元元件堆(30)与四个侧壁(21，22，23，24)间隔开，每个保持框架(40，40')在其朝向侧壁(23)的弹簧侧(11)上具有弹簧组件(50)，而在其与弹簧侧(11)相反的固定侧(12)上没有弹簧组件，从而通过弹簧组件(50)使保持框架(40，40')压向被指配给固定侧(12)的侧壁(24)。

Description

牵引电池模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动车辆的牵引电池模块，该牵引电池模块具有：横截面大致呈矩形的壳体本体，该壳体本体具有四个侧壁、两个端壁；以及布置在该壳体本体中的多个板状的电池单元元件，这些电池单元元件被组合成单元元件堆。
背景技术
为了生产电动车辆的高压(HV)牵引电池模块，针对壳体本体例如使用金属挤出型材，该金属挤出型材形成四个侧壁并且在装配期间将单元元件堆从敞开的端侧推入到该金属挤出型材中。为了将单元元件堆与在已安装状态下经冷却的壳体侧壁良好地热连接，填入如下这样的导热物质
Figure BDA0003316710960000011
即，该导热物质例如使单元元件堆的底侧与相邻的侧壁热连接。
挤出型材具有相对较大的制造公差，因此单元元件堆必须比挤出型材的最小可能内部尺寸小至少该制造公差。这些情况使得有必要例如借助于弹性弹簧元件相对于一个或多个空间轴线以补偿公差的方式将单元元件堆固定在壳体内。
这种牵引电池模块例如从DE 102014108803 A1、DE 102018201632 A1或DE102018126572 A1中已知。然而，装配部分地是麻烦的并且在装配时会导致单元元件堆在壳体内的不明确的空间定位。在已安装在车辆中的状态下经冷却的壳体侧壁与单元元件堆之间的距离相对较大时，这导致对导热物质的需求相对较高，以便在过程安全性方面确保单元元件堆与经冷却的侧壁的充分热连接。
发明内容
在此背景下，本发明的目的是，提供一种可成本有效地制造的牵引电池模块。
根据本发明，该目的通过具有下述特征的牵引电池模块来实现。
根据本发明的牵引电池模块具有横截面大致呈矩形的、带有四个侧壁和两个端壁的壳体本体。这四个侧壁例如可以由整体式型材本体、例如以挤出工艺制造的金属型材本体形成，在牵引电池模块的制造过程中，通过安置两个端壁来对该金属型材本体进行封闭以形成密封地闭合的壳体。在壳体本体内布置有多个板状的电池单元元件，这些电池单元元件相互平行以及与两个侧壁平行地布置并且以电气和机械的方式被组合成单元元件堆。在单元元件堆的两个端侧的纵向端部处分别设置有单独的保持框架，这些单元元件的纵向端部分别以机械的方式被保持在该保持框架上，其方式为使得这些单元元件被机械地进行组合并且使得该单元元件堆在所有四个横向方向上与壳体的相应侧壁至少最小地间隔开。
每个保持框架在其朝向侧壁的弹簧侧具有弹性的弹簧组件，而在其与弹簧侧相反的固定侧没有弹簧组件，从而通过该弹簧组件使该保持框架压向壳体侧壁的、被指配给该固定侧的内侧。一般来说，形成固定侧的侧壁是壳体本体的下部的侧壁，而弹簧侧是壳体本体的上部的侧壁。因此，保持框架以机械的方式将单元元件堆的所有单元元件固持在一起并且确保单元元件堆与壳体本体的所有侧壁和端壁之间的至少最小的空间距离。然而在弹簧侧，单元元件堆不是通过刚性间隔元件、而是通过弹性弹簧组件与相应的侧壁间隔开的，从而以这种方式在单元元件堆的弹簧侧进行公差补偿。而在固定侧，始终确保单元元件堆与所指配的侧壁之间的距离相同。
以此方式，可以以可靠且过程安全的方式在固定侧上设定单元元件堆与相关侧壁之间的相对较小的距离。由于单元元件堆与(在已安装在车辆中的状态下经冷却的)相关侧壁之间的距离相对较小，因此不受单元元件堆与所指配的经冷却的侧壁之间的热连接类型的影响，能够确保良好的热传递。
该单元元件堆与固定侧的该侧壁之间的空隙优选是由导热剂填充的。由于单元元件堆与固定侧的侧壁之间的限定距离总是一样小，因此相对少量的导热物质就足以在过程安全方面建立单元元件堆与相关侧壁的可靠的、全面的热连接。
优选地，这两个保持框架的固定侧位于底部，从而使下部的侧壁属于固定侧，而弹簧侧位于顶部，从而使上部的侧壁属于弹簧侧。在已安装在车辆中的状态下，例如通过液体冷却装置来对壳体本体的下部的侧壁进行冷却。
尤其在牵引电池模块的制造和装配期间以及在已安装在车辆中的状态下，这些板状的单元元件优选分别处于竖直平面。
特别优选地提出的是，这两个端侧的保持框架的两个弹簧组件分别具有在单一的纵向方向(即装配方向)上有效的插入倾斜部，其中这两个插入倾斜部具有相同的纵向取向。在装配牵引电池模块时，将单元元件堆连同已经安装在其上的两个保持框架沿纵向方向推入到在一个端侧或两个端侧处仍敞开的型材本体中。在此，这两个保持框架的两个弹簧组件在推入期间在开口边缘处沿横向方向逐渐被压缩，直到相关弹簧组件相应地完全被推入。这极大地简化了单元元件堆连同被紧固在其上的保持框架在壳体中的装配。
该弹簧组件优选是由分布在该弹簧侧的宽度上的多个单独的弹簧元件形成的。由此确保了在保持框架上弹簧元件的分布在整个弹簧侧宽度上的均匀的横向力。
根据一个优选实施方式，这两个保持框架由塑料制成并且因此可以相对便宜地制造。弹簧组件或弹簧元件原则上可以由不同于保持框架本身的材料构成，然而该弹簧组件或这些弹簧元件优选与塑料保持框架一体式地设计。由此降低了牵引电池模块的制造成本。
优选地，单元元件在其由两个保持框架固持在一起的纵向端部处具有电接触元件。彼此相邻的单元元件的接触元件分别通过汇流条彼此电连接。这些汇流条特别优选地直接由保持框架保持，即，这些汇流条不必通过单独的固定元件被固定在保持框架或壳体本体上。
总体上，本发明在此公开下述1的技术方案，下述2-11为本发明的优选技术方案：
1.一种牵引电池模块(10)，该牵引电池模块具有：横截面大致呈矩形的壳体本体(20)，该壳体本体具有四个侧壁(21，22，23，24)和两个端壁(25，26)；以及，布置在该壳体本体(20)中的多个板状的电池单元元件(301-306)，这些电池单元元件彼此平行且与该四个侧壁中的两个侧壁(21，22)平行地布置并且被组合成单元元件堆(30)，
其中在该单元元件堆(30)的两个端侧的纵向端部(13，14)处分别设置有保持框架(40，40')，这些单元元件(301-306)的纵向端部(13，14)分别被保持在该保持框架上，其方式为使得该单元元件堆(30)在所有四个横向方向上与该四个侧壁(21，22，23，24)间隔开，并且
其中每个保持框架(40，40')在其朝向侧壁(23)的弹簧侧(11)上具有弹簧组件(50)，而在其与该弹簧侧(11)相反的固定侧(12)上没有弹簧组件，从而通过该弹簧组件(50)使该保持框架(40，40')压向被指配给该固定侧(12)的侧壁(24)。
2.根据前述1所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中该单元元件堆(30)与固定侧的该侧壁(24)之间的间隙是由导热剂(60)填充的。
3.根据前述1-2中任一项所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中该四个侧壁(21-24)由整体式型材本体(21')形成。
4.根据前述1-3中任一项所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中该固定侧(12)位于底部并且该弹簧侧(11)位于顶部。
5.根据前述1-4中任一项所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中所述单元元件(301-306)各自处于竖直平面中。
6.根据前述1-5中任一项所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中这两个保持框架(40，40')的两个弹簧组件(50)分别具有在纵向方向上有效的插入倾斜部(54)，其中这两个插入倾斜部(54)具有在纵向方向上相同的取向。
7.根据前述1-6中任一项所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中该弹簧组件(50)是由分布在该弹簧侧的宽度上的多个弹簧元件(52)形成的。
8.根据前述1-7中任一项所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中这两个保持框架(40，40')分别由塑料制成。
9.根据前述7和8中任一项所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中这些弹簧元件(52)与该保持框架(40，40')一体式地设计。
10.根据前述1-9中任一项所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中这些单元元件(301-306)在其纵向端部处具有电接触元件(34)，其中彼此相邻的单元元件(301-306)的接触元件(34)分别通过汇流条(36)彼此电连接。
11.根据前述10所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中所述汇流条(36)直接由该保持框架(40，40')保持。
附图说明
以下借助于附图对本发明的实施例进行详细解释。在附图中：
图1示出了在单元元件堆被推入型材本体之前的预装配的单元元件堆，包括被安置在纵向端部处的保持框架以及形成四个侧壁的壳体型材本体，
图2示出了组装好的牵引电池模块的纵向截面，其中单元元件堆已被推入到壳体本体中、导热剂已被填入在下部的壳体侧壁的区域中并且已安置了两个端壁，以及
图3以正视图示出了端壁敞开的情况下的图2的牵引电池模块。
具体实施方式
在图2和图3中示意性地示出了组装好的电动车辆的牵引电池模块10，其具有方形的金属壳体本体20以及以气密的方式支承在该金属壳体本体中的单元元件堆30。壳体本体20由两个竖直的侧壁21、22，两个水平的侧壁23、24以及与侧壁21-24垂直的两个竖直的端壁25、26构成。侧壁21-24由图1所示的整体式型材本体21'形成，该整体式型材本体以挤出工艺来制造。
单元元件堆30由多个板状电化学单元元件301-306构成，这些单元元件被布置成彼此平行并且处于竖直平面。
在单元元件堆30的两个端侧的纵向端部处分别设置有塑料保持框架40、40'，保持框架以形状配合的方式包围单元元件301-306的端侧的纵向端部13、14并将其组合成方形的电池单元堆30。如在图2和图3中可以看出，单元元件301-306被两个保持框架40、40'保持和封装，其方式为使得单元元件堆30在图3所示的所有四个横向方向上与相应所关联的侧壁21-24间隔开。每个保持框架40、40'在其朝向在上部的侧壁23的弹簧侧11处具有弹簧组件50。在朝向侧壁21、22、24的其他三个横向侧处没有设置弹簧组件。两个弹簧组件50、50'分别由图2中所示的(当在纵向截面中观察时)以V形方式平放的多个单独的弹簧元件52构成，这些弹簧元件分别具有在推入方向E上(即在纵向方向上)有效的插入倾斜部54。弹簧组件50或弹簧元件52与塑料保持框架40、40'一体式地设计。
这两个保持框架40、40'的弹簧组件50、50'的弹簧元件52的插入倾斜部54具有相同的纵向取向，使得当单元元件堆30被推入到型材本体21'中时，弹簧元件52在垂直方向上向近侧压缩，从而使单元元件堆30以其两个纵向端部被竖直地张紧在四个侧壁21-24内部。
单元元件301-306在其纵向端部具有呈接触片形式的电接触元件34，这些电接触元件通过导电的金属汇流条36彼此电连接，从而以这种方式使单元元件301-306彼此串联电连接。汇流条36通过塑料保持舌部80、81被保持在位，这些塑料保持舌部与相应的保持框架40、40'的塑料体一体式地设计。

Claims (11)

1.一种牵引电池模块(10)，该牵引电池模块具有：横截面大致呈矩形的壳体本体(20)，该壳体本体具有四个侧壁(21，22，23，24)和两个端壁(25，26)；以及，布置在该壳体本体(20)中的多个板状的电池单元元件(301-306)，这些电池单元元件彼此平行且与该四个侧壁中的两个侧壁(21，22)平行地布置并且被组合成单元元件堆(30)，
其中在该单元元件堆(30)的两个端侧的纵向端部(13，14)处分别设置有保持框架(40，40')，这些单元元件(301-306)的纵向端部(13，14)分别被保持在该保持框架上，其方式为使得该单元元件堆(30)在所有四个横向方向上与该四个侧壁(21，22，23，24)间隔开，并且
其中每个保持框架(40，40')在其朝向侧壁(23)的弹簧侧(11)上具有弹簧组件(50)，而在其与该弹簧侧(11)相反的固定侧(12)上没有弹簧组件，从而通过该弹簧组件(50)使该保持框架(40，40')压向被指配给该固定侧(12)的侧壁(24)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中该单元元件堆(30)与固定侧的该侧壁(24)之间的间隙是由导热剂(60)填充的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中该四个侧壁(21-24)由整体式型材本体(21')形成。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中该固定侧(12)位于底部并且该弹簧侧(11)位于顶部。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中所述单元元件(301-306)各自处于竖直平面中。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中这两个保持框架(40，40')的两个弹簧组件(50)分别具有在纵向方向上有效的插入倾斜部(54)，其中这两个插入倾斜部(54)具有在纵向方向上相同的取向。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中该弹簧组件(50)是由分布在该弹簧侧的宽度上的多个弹簧元件(52)形成的。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中这两个保持框架(40，40')分别由塑料制成。
9.根据权利要求7所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中这些弹簧元件(52)与该保持框架(40，40')一体式地设计。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中这些单元元件(301-306)在其纵向端部处具有电接触元件(34)，其中彼此相邻的单元元件(301-306)的接触元件(34)分别通过汇流条(36)彼此电连接。
11.根据权利要求10所述的牵引电池模块(10)，其中所述汇流条(36)直接由该保持框架(40，40')保持。
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