CN114497800A - Multi-stage cooling system applied to energy storage power station and control method - Google Patents
Multi-stage cooling system applied to energy storage power station and control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
- F25D31/005—Combined cooling and heating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
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Abstract
A multi-stage cooling system applied to an energy storage power station and a control method thereof are disclosed, wherein the system comprises three stages of thermal circulation loops, cooling water is supplied to a liquid cooling system of a cooled device in a first stage of thermal circulation loop through a main circulating pump for heat exchange, and the heat of the cooled device is transferred into the heat of the cooling water; cooling water flows through the plate heat exchanger of the second-stage heat circulation loop to exchange heat with the refrigerant body, and the heat of the cooling water is transferred to the heat of the refrigerant body; the cold medium in the second-stage heat exchange circulation loop is supplied to an evaporator in the third-stage heat exchange circulation loop for heat exchange, and the heat of the cold medium is brought out to the environment by a condenser and a condensing fan; the water supply temperature of the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop is always higher than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located; the invention adopts the liquid cooling system to carry out centralized cooling on the energy storage power station, simultaneously stably controls the temperature of the outlet water of the refrigerating unit and the temperature of the water supplied by the cooled device, avoids the condensation phenomenon and is particularly suitable for cooling the power electronic device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-power electrical equipment cooling, and particularly relates to a multistage cooling system applied to an energy storage power station and a control method.
Background
Currently, new types of energy storage face a critical phase in the transition from the initial stages of commercialization to scale-up. Based on the current situation of power development, hydroelectric power generation and wind power generation develop at a high speed, but both are limited by the characteristic of uneven space-time distribution of wind and light resources, and the energy transmission has wave crests and wave troughs and lacks stable power output, so that the establishment of an energy storage power station is particularly important under the background. The water cooling system is used as key equipment matched with the battery energy storage power station, the market is already spread, corresponding water cooling products are formed in a more standard mode, and technical upgrading and iterative updating are carried out to meet more and larger market demands.
The energy storage power station is an important component of a modern power system and an intelligent power grid, and is also an important link for realizing renewable energy grid-connected consumption and efficient application of distributed power generation. Compared with other energy storage modes, the electrochemical energy storage has the advantages of short corresponding time, high energy density, small site limitation and the like, and is particularly suitable for urban energy storage systems. Compared with electrochemical energy storage systems such as lead acid, sodium acid and the like, the lithium ion battery energy storage system has the advantages of high energy density, high conversion efficiency, low self-discharge rate, long service life and the like. With the continuous progress of battery technology and the reduction of cost in recent years, electrochemical energy storage systems mainly based on lithium ion batteries are rapidly developed and applied in engineering. However, the lithium ion battery adopts flammable organic electrolyte, and the heat value of a material system is high. After the battery body or the electrical equipment breaks down, the chain type decomposition reaction is caused by the out-of-control battery temperature, and then serious safety accidents such as combustion and explosion of the energy storage system are evolved. For example, an energy storage power station in beijing fengtai district exploded at 4 and 16 months in 2021, causing 2 firefighters to sacrifice. Fire accidents happen in the engineering application of lithium battery systems at home and abroad, and serious economic loss and social influence are caused.
Temperature has a large impact on the capacity, power and safety of lithium ion batteries. One important reason for performance degradation and even safety accidents of a high-capacity lithium ion battery energy storage system is that a thermal management system is not designed reasonably. Most of the existing energy storage power stations adopt an air cooling mode, and air conditioning cold air is used as a cold source to cool the battery. However, the energy storage system gathers a large number of lithium ion batteries in a narrow space, the batteries are arranged tightly, and the operation conditions are complex and changeable; although the heat management system based on air cooling is simple and high in reliability, the heat capacity is low, the heat exchange coefficient is limited, and the heat management system is not enough to meet the increasingly improved heat management requirements of the energy storage system; at the same time, air cooling lacks the ability to control the spread of local thermal runaway.
In the prior art, operated centralized energy storage power stations all adopt an air-cooled heat exchange mode, and have the defects of uneven battery heat exchange, large battery core temperature fluctuation and difference and low cooling efficiency, so that in the prior art 1(CN113410539A) "energy storage power station cooling method, system and electronic equipment", a battery management system is provided to acquire the heat generation power of a battery based on acquired temperature data and state data of a battery module; calculating the flow rate of cooling water according to the heat generation power of the battery; the working medium in the cooling device absorbs the heat of the battery in the battery module and is vaporized to generate density difference and pressure difference and drive the working medium to naturally and circularly flow; the battery management system performs one judgment based on the temperature data and the flow data so as to select a self-circulation maintaining mode or a forced circulation executing mode; at the moment of t + delta t, performing secondary judgment based on the temperature data to select to maintain the rotating speed of the circulating pump or control the rotating speed of the circulating pump plus delta n to operate; energy storage power station cooling system that prior art 1 provided is according to battery heat production power, can independently select no pump self-loopa or forced circulation's control strategy, effectively reduce the cooling power consumption when guaranteeing battery temperature safety, utilize working medium phase transition process to carry out the heat transfer, it is high to have the latent heat, the heat transfer coefficient is high, phase transition process temperature advantage such as unchangeable, effectively control battery temperature, improve the temperature distribution homogeneity, cooling device is as a part of battery cabinet support piece, realize compact cooling structure, effectively improve energy storage power station volume energy density, but adopt air-cooled heat transfer mode among the prior art 1, it is great to have area, fan fault rate shortcoming such as high partially, therefore, prior art 2(CN203134898U) "a megawatt level redox flow battery's heat transfer system" includes: at least one cooling tower receiving cooling water from a heat exchange device for cooling the electrolyte of the flow battery, the heat exchange device being connected to an electrolyte storage tank; at least one container for storing cooling water connected to the cooling tower by receiving the cooling water from the cooling tower; at least one fluid delivery device receiving cooling water from the container for storing cooling water, the heat exchange device being connected to the fluid delivery device by receiving cooling water from the fluid delivery device; pipes for connecting the individual system units and valves for controlling the pipes. The prior art 1 reduces the design scale of cooling circulating water, reduces the operation energy consumption and improves the efficiency of the whole flow battery system. Although the heat exchange system adopts the cooling tower for cooling, the temperature of the cooling water is adjusted only by using the temperature sensor and the flow metering device, and the temperature fluctuation of the temperature control is large and the constant temperature requirement of the energy storage power station cannot be met; in addition, the heat transfer system among prior art 2 can inevitably the condensation phenomenon appear, if do not carry out effective control to the condensation, and then can produce a certain amount of liquid water on the surface of relevant power equipment or part, after liquid water mixes with the dust, can produce corresponding electrically conductive passageway, and then cause the influence to electrical equipment's insulation, serious meeting leads to the energy storage power station short circuit to catch fire.
In summary, the cooling system of the energy storage power station needs to be studied in combination with the actual situation of the energy storage power station.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multistage cooling system applied to an energy storage power station and a control method, wherein the temperature of a cooling medium is accurately controlled according to the operating temperature requirement of a cooled device, and when the temperature of supplied water is close to the condensation temperature, the temperature of the cooling medium is compensated, so that condensation is prevented, and the safe operation of the system is guaranteed;
the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A multi-stage cooling system applied to an energy storage power station, which uses cooling water to take away heat of a cooled device, is connected with a liquid cooling system of the cooled device, and comprises a control device, and the system comprises: the first-stage heat circulation loop, the second-stage heat circulation loop and the third-stage heat circulation loop are arranged in the heat exchange cavity;
the first stage thermal cycle loop includes: two main circulating pumps adopting a one-working one-standby mode; the second stage thermal cycle loop includes: a secondary circulating water pump and a plate heat exchanger; the third stage thermal cycle loop includes: an evaporator, a condenser and a condensing fan;
the first-stage heat circulation loop is connected with the liquid cooling system of the cooled device, cooling water is supplied to the liquid cooling system of the cooled device for heat exchange through the main circulation pump in a working state, and heat of the cooled device is transferred to heat of the cooling water; cooling water flows through the plate heat exchanger of the second-stage heat circulation loop to exchange heat with the refrigerant body, and the heat of the cooling water is transferred to the heat of the refrigerant body; supplying cold media to an evaporator in a third-stage heat exchange circulation loop for heat exchange through a secondary circulating water pump in the second-stage heat exchange circulation loop, and taking heat of the cold media out of the environment through a condenser and a condensing fan;
the control device controls the water supply temperature of the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop to be always higher than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located; wherein, the water supply temperature of the cooling water is the temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the liquid cooling system of the cooled device.
The first stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: a temperature and humidity transmitter; and the temperature and humidity transmitter is arranged in the environment where the cooled device is positioned and used for acquiring the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the cooled device is positioned and converting the environmental temperature and the environmental humidity into electric signals to be sent to the control device.
The first stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: the electric three-way valve, the temperature transmitter and the electric heater;
the electric three-way valve is controlled by the control device and is used for adjusting the flow of the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop; when the electric three-way valve is in a fully open state, all cooling water flows through the plate heat exchanger of the second-stage heat circulation loop to exchange heat with the refrigerant body, and the heat of the cooling water is transferred to the heat of the refrigerant body; when the electric three-way valve is in a fully closed state, all cooling water circulates in the first-stage heat circulation loop;
the temperature transmitter is used for acquiring the water supply temperature of the cooling water in the first-stage thermal circulation loop, converting the water supply temperature of the cooling water into an electric signal and sending the electric signal to the control device;
and the electric heater is controlled by the control device and is used for heating the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop when the temperature of the cooling water supply water is lower than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located.
In the second-stage thermal circulation loop, the inlet temperature of the plate heat exchanger is the water supply temperature of cooling water, and the outlet temperature of the plate heat exchanger is the outlet temperature of the third-stage thermal circulation loop;
the set range of the water supply temperature of the cooling water is determined to be 15-25 ℃ and the set range of the outlet temperature of the third-stage thermal circulation loop is determined to be 5-10 ℃ according to the working temperature of a battery cell in the energy storage power station.
The second stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: a pressure stabilizing water storage tank;
and the pressure stabilizing water storage tank is used for stabilizing the pressure of the system in the second-stage heat circulation loop and meeting the operation water storage requirement of the third-stage heat circulation loop through the water capacity storage of the pressure stabilizing water storage tank.
The third stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: a compressor; the compressor and the condenser are connected in series at two ends of the evaporator refrigeration pipeline; the compressor is used for taking the heat of the cold medium out to the environment by the condenser and the condensing fan in a compression work refrigeration mode.
The control device includes: the system comprises a first programmable controller, a second programmable controller and a third programmable controller;
the first programmable controller is used for controlling the electric three-way valve according to the water supply temperature of the cooling water to realize the regulation of the flow of the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop; the temperature and humidity sensor is also used for calculating the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located according to the environmental temperature electrical signal and the environmental humidity electrical signal sent by the temperature and humidity transmitter; when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is lower than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located, starting the electric heater to heat the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop;
the second programmable controller is used for controlling the start and stop of the main circulating pump and the switching between the main circulating pumps in a first working state and a second working state according to the temperature and the flow of cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop, namely controlling the main circulating pump in a working state to be stopped and controlling the main circulating pump in a standby state to be started;
the third programmable controller is used for controlling the output frequency of the compressor and the rotating speed of the condensing fan based on a PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjusting mode according to the water supply temperature of the cooling water and the outlet temperature of the third-stage thermal circulation loop; and the system is also used for monitoring the operation index signal of the third-stage heat circulation loop in real time. A control method for a multi-stage cooling system for an energy storage power plant, the method comprising:
step 2, collecting the dew point temperature T of the environment where the cooled device is locatedd(ii) a When T isin≤TdWhen +1, the control device controls the heater to start, and the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop is heated;
Preferably, in step 1, the starting of the first stage thermal cycle loop comprises: the main circulating pump is electrified and started, and the electric three-way valve is in a fully-open state.
Preferably, in step 1, after the first-stage thermal cycle loop is started, the control device controls the electric three-way valve in real time according to the water supply temperature of the cooling water, and the control device includes:
step 1.1, when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is higher than the system starting temperature and the difference between the water supply temperature of the cooling water and the system starting temperature is higher than 4 ℃, opening an electric three-way valve until the electric three-way valve is in a fully open state;
and step 1.2, closing the electric three-way valve until the electric three-way valve is in a fully closed state when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is lower than the system starting temperature and the difference between the water supply temperature of the cooling water and the system starting temperature is higher than 2 ℃.
Preferably, in step 1, the system start-up temperature is 18 ℃;
preferably, in step 2, the control device calculates the dew point temperature T of the environment according to the temperature and humidity of the environment where the cooled device is located and the following relationd；
Wherein γ (T, RH) is an actual measured temperature and humidity value, and satisfies the following relation:
in the above-mentioned formula, the compound of formula,
t is the temperature of the environment, namely the actually measured dry bulb temperature,
RH is the humidity of the environment in which it is located, i.e. the measured relative humidity,
a is a first constant with a value of 17.27 ℃,
b is a second constant value, which is 237.7 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the liquid cooling system is adopted to carry out centralized cooling on the energy storage power station, the temperature of the outlet water of the refrigerating unit and the temperature of the water supplied by a cooled device can be simultaneously and stably controlled, the condensation phenomenon is avoided, and the invention is particularly suitable for cooling the power electronic device; meanwhile, the occupied area is reduced, the heat exchange efficiency of the unit volume of the liquid cooling system is greatly improved, the noise is effectively reduced, and the method can be used as the demonstration of the liquid cooling scheme of the centralized energy storage power station.
The beneficial effects still include:
1) the control device is used for controlling the electric three-way valve to be opened and closed in a pulse mode, and when the system is started in the initial stage, the electric three-way valve is in a fully-opened state, so that the influence on the operation of a cooled device caused by overhigh initial operation water temperature of the system is avoided;
2) the electric three-way valve is preferably controlled to realize the adjustment of the flow of cooling water, so that the heat dissipation requirement of a cooled device is met; the water supply temperature is not influenced by the environmental temperature, the water supply temperature is stable, the temperature fluctuation is extremely low, and the improvement of the service life of a battery in an energy storage power station is facilitated;
3) a plate heat exchanger is arranged to connect the first-stage heat circulation loop and the second-stage heat circulation loop, and the cold water subjected to heat exchange by the evaporator of the refrigerating unit is subjected to heat exchange with the hot water from the cooled device in the first heat exchange circulation; the plate heat exchanger separates the chilled water at the temperature of the outlet water of the refrigerating unit, and provides the cooled device with cooling water meeting the requirement of the water supply temperature through self heat exchange, so that the outlet water temperature of the refrigerating unit and the water supply temperature of the cooled device can be stably controlled at the same time, and the plate heat exchanger is suitable for cooling water supply of a power electronic device;
4) the cooling system is provided with a temperature and humidity transmitter, the temperature and humidity transmitter compares the water supply temperature with the dew point temperature in real time to give an instruction to the electric heater, and when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is lower than or close to the dew point, the electric heater is forcibly started to make temperature compensation, so that the water supply temperature is raised, and the condensation phenomenon is avoided;
5) the pressure-stabilizing water storage tank is arranged, so that the pressure-stabilizing requirement of a water system of the second-stage heat circulation loop is met, the requirement of primary operation water storage of a refrigerating unit in the second-stage heat circulation loop is met through the storage of the water capacity of the pressure-stabilizing water storage tank, and the frequent start and stop of the refrigerating unit are avoided;
6) by adopting the maintenance-free component, the failure rate of the cooling system is reduced, and the reliable operation of the energy storage power station is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage cooling system applied to an energy storage power station according to the present invention;
the reference numerals in fig. 1 are explained as follows:
1 a-a main circulation pump in a working state; 1 b-a main circulation pump in a standby state;
2-an electric three-way valve;
3-a main filter;
4-a cooled device;
5-a secondary circulating water pump;
6-plate heat exchanger;
7-a pressure-stabilizing water storage tank;
8-a condensing fan;
9-a compressor;
10-an evaporator;
11-a condenser;
12-a temperature transmitter;
13-a heater;
14-a wet temperature transmitter;
a C/A-deionization tank;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the steps of a control method for a multi-stage cooling system of an energy storage power station according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of temperature control logic for a multi-stage cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the control of the electric heater in the multi-stage cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.
Example 1.
A multi-stage cooling system for energy storage power station, which uses cooling water to take away heat of a cooled device, is connected with a liquid cooling system of the cooled device, and comprises a control device, and the system is shown in figure 1 and comprises: the first-stage heat circulation loop, the second-stage heat circulation loop and the third-stage heat circulation loop are arranged in the heat exchange cavity;
the first stage thermal cycle loop includes: two main circulating pumps 1a and 1b in a one-working-one-standby mode are adopted; the second stage thermal cycle loop includes: a secondary circulating water pump 5 and a plate heat exchanger 6; the third stage thermal cycle loop includes: an evaporator 10, a condenser 11 and a condensing fan 8;
the first-stage heat circulation loop is connected with a liquid cooling system of the cooled device; in the first-stage heat circulation loop, the main circulation pump 1a in a working state provides circulation power for cooling water, the cooling water is supplied to a liquid cooling system of a cooled device for heat exchange, and the heat of the cooled device is transferred to the heat of the cooling water through the heat exchange, so that the heat dissipation of the cooled device is realized; after flowing out of the liquid cooling system of the cooled device, the cooling water flows into the plate heat exchanger 6 of the second-stage heat circulation loop under the control of the electric three-way valve 2, and the cooling water exchanges heat with the refrigerant body at the position, so that the heat of the cooling water is transferred to the heat of the refrigerant body to reduce the water supply temperature of the cooling water; and the cold medium enters an evaporator 10 in a third-stage heat exchange circulation loop to carry out heat exchange under the power provided by a secondary circulating water pump 5 in the second-stage heat exchange circulation loop, wherein a compressor 9 carries out compression work, and the heat of the cold medium is brought out to the environment by a condenser 11 and a condensing fan 8.
In order to avoid the condensation phenomenon, the control device controls the water supply temperature of the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop to be always higher than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located; wherein, the water supply temperature of the cooling water is the temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the liquid cooling system of the cooled device.
The first stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: a temperature and humidity transmitter 14; and the temperature and humidity transmitter 14 is installed in the environment where the cooled device 4 is located, and is used for acquiring the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the cooled device 4 is located, converting the environment temperature and the environment humidity into electric signals and sending the electric signals to the control device.
The first stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: the electric three-way valve 2, the temperature transmitter 12 and the electric heater 13;
the electric three-way valve 2 is controlled by the control device and is used for adjusting the flow of cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop; when the electric three-way valve 2 is in a fully open state, all cooling water flows through the plate heat exchanger 6 of the second-stage heat circulation loop to exchange heat with the refrigerant body, and the heat of the cooling water is transferred to the heat of the refrigerant body; when the electric three-way valve 2 is in a fully closed state, all cooling water circulates in the first-stage heat circulation loop;
the temperature transmitter 12 is used for acquiring the water supply temperature of the cooling water in the first-stage thermal circulation loop, converting the water supply temperature of the cooling water into an electric signal and sending the electric signal to the control device;
and the electric heater 13 is controlled by the control device and is used for heating the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop when the temperature of the cooling water supply water is lower than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located.
The first-stage heat circulation loop also comprises a deionization tank C/A and a main filter 3; the deionization tank C/A and the main filter 3 realize the purification and filtration of cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop, and avoid the influence of various impurities on the operation of a cooled device.
In the second-stage thermal circulation loop, the inlet temperature of the plate heat exchanger 6 is the water supply temperature of cooling water, and the outlet temperature of the plate heat exchanger 6 is the outlet temperature of the third-stage thermal circulation loop;
the water supply temperature range of the cooling water can be set to be 15-25 ℃ according to the working temperature requirement of the electric core of the energy storage battery, and the efficient operation of the battery can be maintained. The outlet temperature of the third stage thermal cycle loop is set to be in the range of 5-10 ℃ in consideration of the setting of the heat exchange temperature difference.
It is to be noted that, in embodiment 1 of the present invention, the value of the set range of the supply water temperature of the cooling water and the value of the set range of the outlet temperature of the third-stage heat cycle loop are both non-limiting preferred choices, and those skilled in the art can adjust the specific values of the set ranges according to the actual conditions of the engineering.
The second stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: a pressure stabilizing water storage tank 7;
and the pressure stabilizing water storage tank 7 is used for stabilizing the pressure of the system in the second-stage heat circulation loop and meeting the operation water storage requirement of the third-stage heat circulation loop through the water capacity storage of the pressure stabilizing water storage tank.
The third stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: a compressor 9; the compressor 9 and the condenser 11 are connected in series at two ends of an evaporator refrigeration pipeline; and the compressor 9 is used for carrying out heat of the cold medium to the environment by the condenser 11 and the condensing fan 8 in a compression work refrigeration mode.
The control device includes: the system comprises a first programmable controller, a second programmable controller and a third programmable controller;
the first programmable controller is used for controlling the electric three-way valve 2 according to the supply water temperature of the cooling water to realize the regulation of the flow of the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop; the temperature and humidity sensor is also used for calculating the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located according to the environmental temperature electrical signal and the environmental humidity electrical signal sent by the temperature and humidity transmitter 14; when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is lower than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located, starting the electric heater 13 to heat the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop;
the second programmable controller is used for controlling the start and stop of the main circulating pump and the switching between the main circulating pumps in a first working state and a second working state according to the circulating working conditions such as the temperature of cooling water, the flow of cooling water and the like in the first-stage heat circulating loop, namely controlling the main circulating pump in a working state to stop running and controlling the main circulating pump in a standby state to start; in embodiment 1 of the present invention, when the operation time of one main circulation pump exceeds 1 week, the operation is switched to another main circulation pump; or when one main circulating pump has a fault, such as low flow, low water supply pressure and other abnormalities, switching to another main circulating pump to operate;
the third programmable controller is used for controlling the output frequency of the compressor and the rotating speed of the condensing fan based on a PID (proportion integration differentiation) regulation mode according to the water supply temperature of the cooling water and the outlet temperature of the third-stage thermal circulation loop so as to stably regulate the water temperature; and is also used for monitoring the operation index signals of the third-stage heat circulation loop in real time, wherein the operation index signals include but are not limited to: condensing temperature, condensing pressure, evaporating temperature, evaporating pressure, etc.
A control method for a multistage cooling system for an energy storage plant, as shown in fig. 2, comprises steps 1 to 3.
Specifically, in step 1, the starting of the first-stage thermal cycle loop comprises: the main circulating pump is electrified and started, and the electric three-way valve is in a fully open state.
Specifically, in step 1, after the first-stage thermal cycle loop is started, the control device controls the electric three-way valve in real time according to the water supply temperature of the cooling water, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is higher than the system starting temperature and the difference between the water supply temperature of the cooling water and the system starting temperature is higher than 4 ℃, opening an electric three-way valve until the electric three-way valve is in a fully open state;
and step 1.2, closing the electric three-way valve until the electric three-way valve is in a fully closed state when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is lower than the system starting temperature and the difference between the water supply temperature of the cooling water and the system starting temperature is higher than 2 ℃.
It should be noted that, in embodiment 1 of the present invention, the difference between the supply water temperature of the cooling water and the system start temperature is a non-limiting preferred choice, and those skilled in the art can adjust the specific value according to the actual situation of the project.
In example 1, the preferred value of the system start-up temperature is 18 ℃.
Step 2, collecting the dew point temperature T of the environment where the cooled device is locatedd(ii) a When T isin≤TdWhen +1, the control device controls the heater to start, and the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop is heated;
specifically, in step 2, the control device calculates the dew point temperature T of the environment according to the temperature and humidity of the environment in which the cooled device is located, by the following relational expressiond；
Wherein γ (T, RH) is an actual measured temperature and humidity value, and satisfies the following relation:
in the above-mentioned formula, the compound of formula,
t is the temperature of the environment, namely the actually measured dry bulb temperature,
RH is the humidity of the environment in which it is located, i.e. the measured relative humidity,
a is a first constant, the preferred value in example 1 is 17.27 c,
b is a second constant, the preferred value in example 1 is 237.7 ℃.
Example 2.
In the embodiment 2 of the invention, a GW-level large-scale energy storage station in Fujian province is taken as a research object, and a lithium iron phosphate battery is selected as an energy storage medium of a 400 MWh-level novel lithium battery project in the energy storage power station project. The working principle of the lithium iron phosphate electrochemical energy storage power station is as follows: in the electricity utilization valley period, abundant electric energy is stored; during the peak period of power utilization, the stored electric energy is transmitted and used, and the effects of stabilizing the load curve of the transformer substation and the like can be achieved.
The energy storage power station is composed of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery, an energy storage converter, a battery management system, a confluence transformer, a boosting (main) transformer, a high-voltage distribution device and the like. During charging, the system converts alternating current into direct current by the electric energy through the main transformer, the confluence transformer and the energy storage converter, and stores the electric energy in the electrolyte through the charging process of the energy storage battery. During discharging, through the discharging process of the energy storage battery, direct current is converted into alternating current through the energy storage converter, and the alternating current passes through the confluence transformer and the main transformer and is transmitted to a power grid through the high-voltage distribution device. The service temperature of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery is generally below 60 ℃, and when the service temperature is higher than the temperature, thermal runaway can be gradually initiated.
In the energy storage power station, with the multi-stage cooling system proposed by the present invention, the system temperature control logic is shown in fig. 3, and includes:
step S1, the multi-stage water cooling system monitors the water supply temperature T of the cooled device in real time through the temperature transmitterv；
Step S2, the water cooling system monitors the dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity of the system running environment in real time through a temperature and humidity transmitter;
step S3, the PLC background calculates and outputs the real-time dew point temperature Td；
Step S4, the water supply temperature T is adjustedvWith preset temperatures T3, T4 and dew point temperature T of the cooled devicedCarrying out comparison; when the temperature T of the supplied waterv>T3, go to step S5; when the temperature T of the supplied waterv<T4 or Tv<TdThen go to step S9;
step S5, starting the electric actuator and increasing the opening of the three-way valve;
step S6, determining the water supply temperature TvWhether the temperature is greater than T3 and the three-way valve is in a full-open state, if not, ending the temperature control process; if yes, go to step S7;
step S7, the temperature set value of the outlet water of the refrigerating unit is adjusted to be low; setting the temperature T of the outlet water of the refrigerating unitzC, wherein c can be set on an operation panel of the refrigerating unit, and the value is preferably 5-15 ℃ in the embodiment 2;
step S8, determining the water supply temperature TvWhether the temperature is more than T3 and the set value of the water supply temperature of the refrigerating unit is the lowest, if not, the result is obtainedControlling temperature by beams; if yes, triggering the water cooling system to supply water with high temperature for alarming;
step S9, the temperature set value of the outlet water of the refrigerating unit is adjusted to be high; set the temperature T of the outlet water of the refrigerating unitzC, wherein c can be set on an operation panel of the refrigerating unit, and the value is preferably 5-15 ℃ in the embodiment 2;
step S10, judging whether the water supply temperature is less than T4 and the water supply temperature set value of the refrigerating unit is the highest; if not, ending the temperature control process; if yes, go to step S11;
step S11, starting the electric actuator to reduce the opening of the three-way valve;
step S12, judging whether the water supply temperature is less than T4 and the three-way valve is in a full-closed state; if not, ending the temperature control process; if yes, triggering the water cooling system to supply water with low temperature for alarming.
In the energy storage power station, the multistage cooling system provided by the invention is used, and the electric heater control mode of the system is as shown in fig. 4, and the system comprises the following components:
step S201, the water cooling system monitors the water supply temperature T of the cooled device in real time through the temperature transmitterv；
S202, the water cooling system monitors the dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity of the system operation environment in real time through a temperature and humidity transmitter;
step S203, the PLC background calculates and calculates, and outputs the real-time dew point temperature Td；
Step S204, the water supply temperature T is adjustedvWith heater start-up set temperature and dew point temperature TdCarrying out comparison;
step S205, such as water supply temperature TvLess than the heater start set temperature or TvLess than dew point temperature TdIf yes, go to step S206; if not, executing step S209, and closing the heater;
step S206, starting a heater;
step S207, the temperature T of the supplied watervAnd the heater stop set temperature and the dew point temperature TdCarrying out comparison;
step S208, such as water supply temperature TvLarger than the heaterStarting set temperature or TvGreater than dew point temperature TdIf yes, go to step S209, the heater is turned off; if not, executing S206, and starting heating by the heater;
in step 209, the heater is turned off.
The present applicant has described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and on the contrary, any improvement or modification made based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The utility model provides a multistage cooling system for energy storage power station uses the cooling water to take away the heat by the cooling device, multistage cooling system with by cooling device liquid cooling system connection, multistage cooling system includes controlling means, its characterized in that, the system includes:
the first-stage heat circulation loop, the second-stage heat circulation loop and the third-stage heat circulation loop are arranged in the heat exchange cavity;
the first stage thermal cycle loop includes: two main circulating pumps adopting a one-working one-standby mode; the second stage thermal cycle loop includes: a secondary circulating water pump and a plate heat exchanger; the third stage thermal cycle loop includes: an evaporator, a condenser and a condensing fan;
the first-stage heat circulation loop is connected with the liquid cooling system of the cooled device, cooling water is supplied to the liquid cooling system of the cooled device for heat exchange through the main circulation pump in a working state, and heat of the cooled device is transferred to heat of the cooling water; cooling water flows through the plate heat exchanger of the second-stage heat circulation loop to exchange heat with the refrigerant body, and the heat of the cooling water is transferred to the heat of the refrigerant body; supplying cold media to an evaporator in a third-stage heat exchange circulation loop for heat exchange through a secondary circulating water pump in the second-stage heat exchange circulation loop, and taking heat of the cold media out of the environment through a condenser and a condensing fan;
the control device controls the water supply temperature of the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop to be always higher than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located; wherein, the water supply temperature of the cooling water is the temperature of the cooling water at the inlet of the liquid cooling system of the cooled device.
2. The multi-stage cooling system for energy storage power plants of claim 1,
the first stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: a temperature and humidity transmitter; and the temperature and humidity transmitter is arranged in the environment where the cooled device is positioned and used for acquiring the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the cooled device is positioned and converting the environmental temperature and the environmental humidity into electric signals to be sent to the control device.
3. The multi-stage cooling system for energy storage power plants of claim 2,
the first stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: the electric three-way valve, the temperature transmitter and the electric heater;
the electric three-way valve is controlled by the control device and is used for adjusting the flow of the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop; when the electric three-way valve is in a fully open state, all cooling water flows through the plate heat exchanger of the second-stage heat circulation loop to exchange heat with the refrigerant body, and the heat of the cooling water is transferred to the heat of the refrigerant body; when the electric three-way valve is in a fully closed state, all cooling water circulates in the first-stage heat circulation loop;
the temperature transmitter is used for acquiring the water supply temperature of the cooling water in the first-stage thermal circulation loop, converting the water supply temperature of the cooling water into an electric signal and sending the electric signal to the control device;
and the electric heater is controlled by the control device and is used for heating the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop when the temperature of the cooling water supply water is lower than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located.
4. The multi-stage cooling system for energy storage power plants of claim 1,
in the second-stage thermal circulation loop, the inlet temperature of the plate heat exchanger is the water supply temperature of cooling water, and the outlet temperature of the plate heat exchanger is the outlet temperature of the third-stage thermal circulation loop;
the set range of the water supply temperature of the cooling water is determined to be 15-25 ℃ and the set range of the outlet temperature of the third-stage thermal circulation loop is determined to be 5-10 ℃ according to the working temperature of a battery cell in the energy storage power station.
5. The multi-stage cooling system for energy storage power plants of claim 1,
the second stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: a pressure stabilizing water storage tank;
and the pressure stabilizing water storage tank is used for stabilizing the pressure of the system in the second-stage heat circulation loop and meeting the operation water storage requirement of the third-stage heat circulation loop through the water capacity storage of the pressure stabilizing water storage tank.
6. The multi-stage cooling system for energy storage power plants of claim 1,
the third stage thermal cycle loop further comprises: a compressor; the compressor and the condenser are connected in series at two ends of the evaporator refrigeration pipeline; the compressor is used for taking the heat of the cold medium out to the environment by the condenser and the condensing fan in a compression work refrigeration mode.
7. The multistage cooling system for energy storage power plants of any one of claims 1 to 6,
the control device includes: the system comprises a first programmable controller, a second programmable controller and a third programmable controller;
the first programmable controller is used for controlling the electric three-way valve according to the water supply temperature of the cooling water to realize the regulation of the flow of the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop; the temperature and humidity sensor is also used for calculating the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located according to the environmental temperature electrical signal and the environmental humidity electrical signal sent by the temperature and humidity transmitter; when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is lower than the dew point temperature of the environment where the cooled device is located, starting the electric heater to heat the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop;
the second programmable controller is used for controlling the start and stop of the main circulating pump and the switching between the main circulating pumps in a first working state and a second working state according to the temperature and the flow of cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop, namely controlling the main circulating pump in a working state to be stopped and controlling the main circulating pump in a standby state to be started;
the third programmable controller is used for controlling the output frequency of the compressor and the rotating speed of the condensing fan based on a PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjusting mode according to the water supply temperature of the cooling water and the outlet temperature of the third-stage thermal circulation loop; and the system is also used for monitoring the operation index signal of the third-stage thermal circulation loop in real time.
8. A control method for a multistage cooling system for an energy storage power plant, applied to the multistage cooling system for an energy storage power plant of any one of claims 1 to 7,
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting the water supply temperature T of cooling waterin(ii) a When the supply water temperature T of the cooling waterinGreater than the system start temperature TonWhen the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the control device controls the first-stage heat circulation loop to start;
step 2, collecting the dew point temperature T of the environment where the cooled device is locatedd(ii) a When T isin≤TdWhen +1, the control device controls the heater to start, and the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop is heated;
step 3, when T is reachedin≥TdWhen +4, the control device controls the heater to be closed, and stops heating the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop; when T isd+1<Tin<TdAnd +4, the control device controls the heater to heat the cooling water in the first-stage heat circulation loop.
9. The control method for the multistage cooling system applied to an energy storage power plant of claim 8,
in step 1, the starting of the first-stage thermal circulation loop comprises the following steps: the main circulating pump is electrified and started, and the electric three-way valve is in a fully open state.
10. The control method for the multistage cooling system applied to an energy storage power plant of claim 8,
in step 1, after the first stage thermal cycle loop is started, the control device controls the electric three-way valve in real time according to the water supply temperature of the cooling water, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is higher than the system starting temperature and the difference between the water supply temperature of the cooling water and the system starting temperature is higher than 4 ℃, opening an electric three-way valve until the electric three-way valve is in a fully open state;
and step 1.2, closing the electric three-way valve until the electric three-way valve is in a fully closed state when the water supply temperature of the cooling water is lower than the system starting temperature and the difference between the water supply temperature of the cooling water and the system starting temperature is higher than 2 ℃.
11. The control method for the multistage cooling system applied to an energy storage power plant of claim 10,
in step 1, the system start-up temperature was 18 ℃.
12. The control method for the multistage cooling system applied to an energy storage power plant of claim 8,
in step 2, the control device calculates the dew point temperature T of the environment according to the temperature and the humidity of the environment where the cooled device is located and the following relational expressiond；
Wherein γ (T, RH) is an actual measured temperature and humidity value, and satisfies the following relation:
in the above-mentioned formula, the compound of formula,
t is the temperature of the environment, namely the measured dry bulb temperature,
RH is the humidity of the environment in which it is located, i.e. the measured relative humidity,
a is a first constant with a value of 17.27 ℃,
b is a second constant value, which is 237.7 ℃.
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