CN114497698A - Lithium ion battery and power utilization device - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery and power utilization device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114497698A CN114497698A CN202210073309.8A CN202210073309A CN114497698A CN 114497698 A CN114497698 A CN 114497698A CN 202210073309 A CN202210073309 A CN 202210073309A CN 114497698 A CN114497698 A CN 114497698A
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- positive electrode
- ion battery
- lithium ion
- negative electrode
- negative
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBCAVSYHPPARHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M n'-cyclohexyl-n-[2-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)ethyl]methanediimine;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.C1CCCCC1N=C=NCC[N+]1(C)CCOCC1 GBCAVSYHPPARHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion battery, comprising: the positive plate comprises a positive coating area and a positive empty foil area, wherein the positive coating area is provided with macropores and micro-mesopores, and the specific surface area of the macropores of the positive coating area is less than 3m2A number of grams of 1.0m or more2(ii)/g; the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the anode coating area is 1-4 m2The volume of the micro-mesopores in the coating area of the positive electrode is 0.9-1.1 mm3(ii)/g; the negative plate comprises a negative coating area and a negative empty foil area, wherein the negative coating area is provided with macropores and micro-mesopores, and the specific surface area of macropores of the negative coating area is 0.5-2.5 m2(iv) g; the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the negative coating area is 0.5-2.2 m2The volume of the micro-mesopores in the negative electrode coating area is 0.4-0.6 mm3(ii) in terms of/g. Compared with the prior art, the lithium ion battery has more excellent electrochemical performanceAnd the requirements of high energy density and long cycle life of the new energy automobile can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery and an electric device.
Background
The new energy automobile adopts unconventional automobile fuel as a power source and mainly comprises the following four types: hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), pure electric vehicles (BEV, including solar vehicles), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV), other new energy vehicles (such as super capacitors, high efficiency energy storage devices such as flywheels), and the like. Among them, new energy automobiles mainly provide power through power battery packs, and therefore continuous pursuit of high energy density and long cycle life is the main direction of improvement of power battery packs.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objects of the present invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, a lithium ion battery is provided to solve the problem that the energy density and the cycle life of the battery for the new energy automobile are still not enough to meet the requirements at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a lithium ion battery comprising:
the positive plate comprises a positive coating area and a positive empty foil area, wherein the positive coating area is provided with macropores and micro-mesopores, and the specific surface area of macropores of the positive coating area is less than 3m2A number of grams of 1.0m or more2(ii)/g; the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the positive electrode coating area is 1-4 m2The volume of the micro-mesopores of the positive electrode coating area is 0.9-1.1 mm3/g；
The negative plate comprises a negative coating area and a negative empty foil area, wherein the negative coating area is provided with macropores and micro-mesopores, and the specific surface area of macropores of the negative coating area is 0.5-2.5 m2(ii)/g; the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the negative electrode coating area is 0.5-2.2 m2The volume of the micro-mesopores of the negative electrode coating area is 0.4-0.6 mm3/g。
Preferably, the positive electrode coating area comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material layer coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the compaction density of the positive electrode material layer is P1，3.3g/cm3<P1<3.6g/cm3。
Preferably, the porosity of the positive electrode coating region is 30-50%.
Preferably, the positive electrode material layer includes a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material includes at least one of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material, a lithium iron phosphate material, a lithium manganese oxide material, a lithium cobalt oxide material, a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material modified by doping coating, and a lithium iron phosphate material coated by carbon.
Preferably, the positive electrode active material is a nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary material, the particle size D50 of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary material meets the requirement that the particle size D50 is less than 1.5 μm and less than 6.5 μm, and the particle size D of the primary particles of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary material meets the requirement that the particle size D is less than 500nm and less than 4 μm.
Preferably, the positive electrode material layer comprises a positive electrode conductive agent, and the mass of the positive electrode conductive agent accounts for 1.0-3.0% of the total mass of the positive electrode material layer.
Preferably, the negative coating area comprises a negative current collector and a negative material layer coated on the surface of the negative current collector, and the compacted density P of the negative material layer2，1.5g/cm3<P2<1.8g/cm3。
Preferably, the porosity of the negative electrode coating area is 35-55%.
Preferably, the negative electrode material layer includes a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material includes at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, elemental silicon Si, silicon oxide, elemental tin, and lithium titanate.
Preferably, the negative electrode active material is an artificial graphite material, a particle diameter D50 of the artificial graphite material satisfies 8 μm < D50<25 μm, and a primary particle diameter D of the artificial graphite material satisfies 6 μm < D <15 μm.
Preferably, the negative electrode material layer comprises a negative electrode conductive agent, and the mass of the negative electrode conductive agent accounts for 0.5-3.0% of the total mass of the negative electrode material layer.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric device including the lithium ion battery according to any one of the above aspects.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the lithium ion battery provided by the invention, the pore channel structures of the macropores and the micro mesopores in the positive plate and the negative plate are adjusted, the specific surface and the volume of the positive plate and the negative plate are synchronously optimized in a proper range, the multiplying power charge-discharge performance and the cycle life of the battery can be obviously improved, and the energy density of the lithium ion battery is considered at the same time. Specifically, the aperture of the micro-mesoporous pores is often lower than the critical radius of the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte has a better liquid retention effect, and the battery has a longer service life in the long-term operation process; the macropores provide a main path for the transmission of lithium ions in the coating, and the multiplying power charge-discharge performance of the lithium ion battery is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a lithium ion battery, including:
the positive plate comprises a positive coating area and a positive empty foil area, wherein the positive coating area is provided with macropores and micro-mesopores, and the specific surface area of macropores of the positive coating area is less than 3m2A number of grams of 1.0m or more2(ii)/g; the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the positive electrode coating area is 1-4 m2The volume of the micro-mesopores of the positive electrode coating area is 0.9-1.1 mm3/g；
The negative plate comprises a negative coating area and a negative empty foil area, wherein the negative coating area is provided with macropores and micro-mesopores, and the specific surface area of macropores of the negative coating area is 0.5-2.5 m2(ii)/g; the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the negative electrode coating area is 0.5-2.2 m2The volume of the micro-mesopores of the negative electrode coating area is 0.4-0.6 mm3/g。
The macropores and the micro mesopores are divided according to the pore size. According to the definition of IUPAC (International Union of theory and chemistry), macropores are formed when the pore diameter is larger than 50nm, mesopores (namely mesopores) are formed when the pore diameter is between 2 and 50nm, and micropores are formed when the pore diameter is smaller than 2 nm; macropores are defined herein as macropores having a pore size greater than 50nm, and micro-mesopores are defined herein as a collection of micropores and mesopores, i.e., micro-mesopores having a pore size less than or equal to 50 nm.
The characterization of the micro-mesoporous structure is completed by a nitrogen adsorption test, the specific surface area is taken as an index, and the corresponding test standard is GB/T19587-; the micro-mesoporous volume is taken as an index, and the corresponding test standard is GB/T21650.2-2008. The characterization of the macroporous structure is completed by mercury intrusion test, the specific surface area of the macropore is taken as an index, and the corresponding test standard is GB/T21650.1-2008.
For the coating area, the macropores are mainly derived from gaps generated by the accumulation of active substances, and a main path can be provided for the transmission of lithium ions in the coating by controlling the specific surface area of the final macropores, so that the rate charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery, particularly the rate performance at high temperature, is improved. For the lithium ion battery, the specific surface area of the macropores of the positive and negative pole pieces is controlled in the range, so that the problems of too low compaction density and too low energy density can be avoided, and particularly for the adjustment of the specific surface area of the macropores in the positive pole coating area, the specific surface area of the macropores is adjusted in a relatively small range while the lithium ion transmission is ensured, so that the compaction density of a material layer can be better ensured.
For the coating area, the micro-mesopores are mainly the microstructures of the materials such as the source, the active substance, the conductive agent, the binding agent and the like, the pore structure of the micro-mesopores in the coating area can be effectively optimized by synchronously regulating and controlling the specific surface area and the volume of the micro-mesopores, so that the electrolyte has a better liquid retention effect, the problem of excessive side reactions caused by the micro-mesopores is effectively reduced, the micro-mesopores and macropores are synchronously optimized, and the rate charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery at high temperature is greatly improved.
According to the invention, through optimizing the pore channel structures in the positive and negative pole pieces, different types of pore channels mutually influence and promote each other, and finally, the lithium ion battery provided by the invention has excellent battery rate performance, cycle performance and energy density.
Specifically, the specific surface area of macropores in the positive electrode coating region is B1The values can be: 1.0m2/g≤B1＜1.2m2/g、1.2m2/g≤B1＜1.5m2/g、1.5m2/g≤B1＜1.8m2/g、1.8m2/g≤B1＜2.0m2/g、2.0m2/g≤B1＜2.2m2/g、2.2m2/g≤B1＜2.5m2/g、2.5m2/g≤B1＜2.8m2G or 2.8m2/g≤B1＜3.0m2(ii) in terms of/g. Preferably, B1Value of 1.5m2/g≤B1≤2.8m2/g。
The specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the positive electrode coating area is C1The values can be: 1.0m2/g≤C1＜1.2m2/g、1.2m2/g≤C1＜1.5m2/g、1.5m2/g≤C1＜1.8m2/g、1.8m2/g≤C1＜2.0m2/g、2.0m2/g≤C1＜2.2m2/g、2.2m2/g≤C1＜2.5m2/g、2.5m2/g≤C1＜2.8m2/g、2.8m2/g≤C1＜3.0m2/g、3.0m2/g≤C1＜3.2m2/g、3.2m2/g≤C1＜3.5m2/g、3.5m2/g≤C1＜3.8m2G or 3.8m2/g≤C1≤4.0m2(ii) in terms of/g. Preferably, C1Value of 1.5m2/g≤C1≤3.0m2/g。
The volume of the micro-mesopores of the positive electrode coating area is V1The values can be: 0.9mm3/g≤V1＜0.92mm3/g、0.92mm3/g≤V1＜0.94mm3/g、0.94mm3/g≤V1＜0.96mm3/g、0.96mm3/g≤V1＜0.98mm3/g、0.98mm3/g≤V1＜1.0mm3/g、1.0mm3/g≤V1＜1.02mm3/g、1.02mm3/g≤V1＜1.04mm3/g、1.04mm3/g≤V1＜1.06mm3/g、1.06mm3/g≤V1＜
1.08mm3G or 1.08mm3/g≤V1≤1.1mm3(ii) in terms of/g. Preferably, V1Is 0.95mm3/g≤V1≤1.05mm3/g。
The specific surface area of the macropores of the negative electrode coating area is B2The value can be 0.5m2/g≤B2＜0.7m2/g、0.7m2/g≤B2＜1.0m2/g、1.0m2/g≤B2＜1.2m2/g、1.2m2/g≤B2＜1.5m2/g、1.5m2/g≤B2＜1.8m2/g、1.8m2/g≤B2＜2.0m2/g、2.0m2/g≤B2＜2.2m2/g、2.2m2/g≤B2≤2.5m2(ii) in terms of/g. Preferably, B2Value of 0.7m2/g≤B2≤1.8m2/g。
The specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the negative coating area is C2The values can be: 0.5m2/g≤C2＜0.6m2/g、0.60m2/g≤C2＜0.8m2/g、0.8m2/g≤C2＜1.0m2/g、1.0m2/g≤C2＜1.2m2/g、
1.2m2/g≤C2＜1.5m2/g、1.5m2/g≤C2＜1.8m2/g、1.8m2/g≤C2＜2.0m2In g or 2.0m2/g≤C2＜2.2m2(ii) in terms of/g. Preferably, C2The value is 0.60m2/g≤C2≤1.5m2/g。
The volume of the micro-mesopores of the cathode coating area is V2The values can be: 0.4mm3/g≤V2＜0.42mm3/g、0.42mm3/g≤V2＜0.44mm3/g、0.44mm3/g≤V2＜046mm3/g、0.46mm3/g≤V2＜0.48mm3/g、0.48mm3/g≤V2＜0.50mm3/g、0.50mm3/g≤V2＜0.52mm3/g、0.52mm3/g≤V2＜0.54mm3/g、0.54mm3/g≤V2＜0.56mm3/g、0.56mm3/g≤V2＜0.58mm3In g or 0.58mm3/g≤V2≤0.6mm3(iv) g. Preferably, V2Is 0.44mm3/g≤V2≤0.56mm3/g。
In order to adjust the specific surface area of the macropores, the specific surface area of the micro mesopores and the volume of the micro mesopores, a proper anode and cathode material and a proper compaction density need to be selected.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode coating area comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material layer coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the compaction density of the positive electrode material layer is P1，3.3g/cm3<P1<3.6g/cm3. In particular, P1The values of (a) may be: 3.3g/cm3<P1≤3.35g/cm3、3.35g/cm3<P1≤3.4g/cm3、3.4g/cm3<P1≤3.45g/cm3、3.45g/cm3<P1≤3.5g/cm3、3.5g/cm3<P1≤3.55g/cm3Or 3.55g/cm3<P1＜3.6g/cm3. Preferably, P is1Is 3.4g/cm3<P1≤3.55g/cm3. The compaction density is closely related to the energy density and the rate capability of the lithium ion battery, the energy density of the battery can be reduced when the compaction density is too small, the compaction density is too large, and the transmission of lithium ions and the rate charging and discharging performance of the battery can be influenced when the specific surface area of large pores is too small. According to the invention, on the premise of controlling the specific surface area of the macropore in the coating area of the anode to be in the range, the compaction density of the anode material layer is continuously adjusted, so that the energy density of the lithium ion battery can be obviously improved, a foundation is laid for the large-range application of new energy automobiles, the transmission of lithium ions is not influenced, and the multiplying power charge and discharge performance of the battery is ensured.
In some embodiments, the porosity of the positive electrode coating region is 30 to 50%. Specifically, the porosity of the positive electrode coating region can be 30-33%, 33-35%, 35-38%, 38-40%, 40-43%, 43-45% or 45-50%. Generally, the higher the porosity, the more developed the pore structure, but too high porosity often means too many macropores or too many micro mesopores, while too many macropores often means too low compaction density and too low energy density, and too many micro mesopores cannot effectively reduce the occurrence of battery side reactions.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode material layer includes a positive electrode active material including at least one of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material, a lithium iron phosphate material, a lithium manganese oxide material, a lithium cobalt oxide material, a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material modified by a doping coating, and a carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate material. Preferably, the positive active material is a nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary material, the particle size distribution of the material satisfies that the particle size of the material is 1.5 mu m < D50<6.5 mu m, and the particle size of primary particles of the material satisfies that the particle size of the primary particles is 500nm < D <4 mu m. Wherein, D50 of the material can be tested by using a laser particle size analyzer, and the size of the primary particles can be obtained by counting the longest dimension of a single complete crystal grain in an SEM picture. The particle size distribution of the material and the particle size of the primary particles can influence the specific surface area of macropores, the specific surface area of micro mesopores and the volume of micro mesopores. Generally, in terms of performance, the process of the material with the excessively small particle size is difficult to regulate and control in the using process, and the compaction is difficult; if the particle size is too large, the material is easy to crack in the rolling process, and the stability of the material is influenced; the stability (especially high temperature stability) of the primary undersized material may be deteriorated, and the electrochemical properties of the primary oversized material may be deteriorated.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode material layer further comprises a positive electrode conductive agent, and the mass of the positive electrode conductive agent accounts for 1.0-3.0% of the total mass of the positive electrode material layer. Preferably, the mass of the positive electrode conductive agent accounts for 1.5-2.8% of the total mass of the positive electrode material layer. The positive electrode conductive agent is a porous material and is related to the specific surface area and the volume of the micro-mesopores, more conductive agents can increase the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores in a positive electrode coating area, but the proportion of positive electrode active substances can be reduced, and the energy of the battery can be reduced.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode conductive agent includes at least one of activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, and amorphous carbon;
in some embodiments, the positive electrode material layer further includes a positive electrode binder including at least one of styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylamide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, and polyimide.
In some embodiments, the negative electrode coating area comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the compacted density P of the negative electrode material layer2，1.5g/cm3<P2<1.8g/cm3. In particular, P2The values of (a) may be: 1.5g/cm3<P2≤1.6g/cm3、1.6g/cm3<P2≤1.65g/cm3、1.65g/cm3<P2≤1.7g/cm3、1.7g/cm3<P2≤1.75g/cm3Or 1.75g/cm3<P2＜1.8g/cm3. Preferably, P is2Is 1.6g/cm3＜P2≤1.75g/cm3. The compaction density is closely related to the energy density and the rate capability of the lithium ion battery, the energy density of the battery can be reduced when the compaction density is too small, the compaction density is too large, and the transmission of lithium ions and the rate charging and discharging performance of the battery can be influenced when the specific surface area of large pores is too small. According to the invention, on the premise of controlling the specific surface area of the macropore in the negative electrode coating area to be in the range, the compaction density of the negative electrode material layer is continuously adjusted to be matched with the positive electrode material layer, so that the energy density of the lithium ion battery can be obviously improved, a foundation is laid for the large-range application of new energy automobiles, the transmission of lithium ions is not influenced, and the multiplying power charge and discharge performance of the battery is ensured.
In some embodiments, the porosity of the negative electrode coating region is 35 to 55%. Specifically, the porosity of the negative coating region can be 35-38%, 38-40%, 40-43%, 43-45%, 45-48%, 48-50%, 50-53% or 53-55%. Preferably, the porosity of the negative electrode coating region is greater than that of the positive electrode coating region, so that more pores are provided for lithium ion intercalation, the intercalation speed is increased, and the rate performance of the battery is improved more remarkably. In addition, the porosity of the negative electrode coating area is kept in the range, the reduction of the compaction density and the energy density of the negative electrode plate caused by overhigh porosity can be avoided, and the occurrence of side reaction of the battery can be effectively reduced.
In some embodiments, the negative electrode material layer includes a negative electrode active material including at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, elemental silicon Si, silicon oxide, elemental tin, and lithium titanate. Preferably, the negative active material is an artificial graphite material, the particle size distribution of the material is 8 μm < D50<25 μm, and the primary particle size D of the material is 6 μm < D <15 μm. Wherein, D50 of the material can be tested by using a laser particle size analyzer, and the size of the primary particles can be obtained by counting the longest dimension of a single complete crystal grain in an SEM picture. The particle size distribution of the material and the particle size of the primary particles can influence the specific surface area of macropores, the specific surface area of micro mesopores and the volume of micro mesopores. Generally, in terms of performance, the process of the material with the excessively small particle size is difficult to regulate and control in the using process, and the compaction is difficult; if the particle size is too large, the material is easy to crack in the rolling process, and the stability of the material is influenced; the stability (especially high temperature stability) of the primary undersized material may deteriorate, while the electrochemical performance of the primary oversized material may deteriorate.
In some embodiments, the negative electrode material layer further comprises a negative electrode conductive agent, and the mass of the negative electrode conductive agent accounts for 0.5-3.0% of the total mass of the negative electrode material layer. Preferably, the mass of the negative electrode conductive agent accounts for 1.0-2.8% of the total mass of the negative electrode material layer. The negative electrode conductive agent is a porous material and is related to the specific surface area and the volume of the micro-mesopores, more conductive agents can increase the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores in the negative electrode coating area, but the proportion of negative electrode active substances can be reduced, and the energy of the battery can be reduced.
In some embodiments, the negative electrode conductive agent includes at least one of activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, and amorphous carbon.
In some embodiments, the negative electrode material layer further includes a negative electrode binder including at least one of styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylamide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, and polyimide.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electric device including the lithium ion battery according to any one of the above aspects.
Preferably, the electric device is a pure electric vehicle (BEV), the pure electric vehicle is a vehicle type which is completely powered by a storage battery and driven by a motor to run, and the electric device has the advantages of environmental protection, low noise, low use cost and the like. The preferred ternary lithium ion battery has the outstanding advantages of high energy density, high working voltage, low self-discharge rate, environmental friendliness and the like, and can be used as an ideal power supply of the BEV motor. Compared with other types of electric vehicles, the power system of the pure electric vehicle is very simple and can be divided into a power battery pack and a motor, so that compared with lithium ion batteries adopted by other types of electric vehicles, BEV batteries are required to continuously pursue high energy density and long cycle life, so that the application range of the pure electric vehicle is widened. The lithium ion battery provided by the invention is used as a BEV battery, so that the energy density of the battery can be effectively improved, and the service life of the battery is greatly prolonged.
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below with reference to examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
Examples 1 to 22
A lithium ion battery, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the positive active substance powder, the conductive carbon, the carbon nano tube and the PVDF according to a specified proportion, then adding NMP in a high-speed stirrer and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry with the solid content of 74%; the slurry was applied to one side of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 13 μm using a transfer coater, and dried while keeping the weight of the coating per unit area after drying at 20.0mg/cm2(ii) a Then coating and drying the other side of the aluminum foil by the same process to obtain a semi-finished product of the positive plate;
2) mixing negative active material powder, conductive carbon, carbon nanotube, CMC and SBR at a given ratioMixing, adding deionized water in a high-speed stirrer and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry with the solid content of 48%. The slurry was coated on one side of a copper foil having a thickness of 8 μm using a transfer coater, dried, and kept at a weight of 18.1mg/cm after drying the coating per unit area2. Then coating and drying the other side of the copper foil by adopting the same process to obtain a semi-finished product of the negative plate;
3) processing and welding the exposed metal foil part of the pole piece into a pole lug, and then winding the pole lug and an isolation film to form a winding core; and wrapping the winding core by using an aluminum-plastic film to prepare a semi-finished product battery core, injecting electrolyte, and carrying out formation and grading steps to obtain a finished product lithium ion battery.
The specific surface area of macropores, the specific surface area of micro mesopores and the volume of micro mesopores in the coating area of the anode and cathode are adjusted by controlling the types of the anode and cathode materials, the particle size of the materials, the compaction density of the material layer, the content of a conductive agent in the material layer and the porosity of the coating area, and the following embodiments are concretely provided.
Performance testing
1) Volumetric energy density test: preparing a soft package lithium ion battery with the capacity of 3Ah for testing, discharging a nickel cobalt lithium manganate 1 soft package to 2.8V by a current of 3A, then charging to 4.35V by a current of 3A, charging to 4.3V by a current of 3A, then charging to 4.3V by a current of 3A, charging to 2.8V by a current of 3A, then charging to 4.2V by a current of 3A, then discharging to 2.8V by a current of 3A, counting the discharge energy when the voltage is reduced to 2.8V, and then testing the volume of the soft package lithium ion battery by a drainage method, thus calculating the volume energy density.
2)45 ℃ cycle performance test: preparing a soft package lithium ion battery with the capacity of 3Ah for testing, performing charge-discharge circulation on the nickel cobalt lithium manganate 1 within a voltage range of 2.8V-4.35V by using a 3A current in a constant-temperature 45-degree device, performing charge-discharge circulation on the nickel cobalt lithium manganate 2 within a voltage range of 2.8V-4.3V by using a 3A current, performing charge-discharge circulation on the nickel cobalt lithium manganate 3 within a voltage range of 2.8V-4.2V by using a 3A current, and counting the number of circulation cycles experienced when the capacity retention ratio of the battery is reduced to 80%.
The results of the above tests are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 1 electrode materials details
TABLE 2 processing parameters details
TABLE 3 test results
From the parameters of the above embodiments and the test results, it can be seen that:
1) from the comparison of examples 11 to 13, examples 16 to 18, and examples 19 to 21, it can be seen that when only the positive coating region satisfies the above range, the lithium ion battery has better comprehensive electrochemical performance, and has both high energy density and long cycle life, compared to the case where only the negative coating region satisfies the above range; and when the coating areas of the positive electrode and the negative electrode meet the range, the lithium ion battery has better electrochemical performance.
2) As can be seen from the comparison between examples 1 to 2, 8 to 9, and 22 and examples 3 to 4, 7, 10, 13 to 14, 18, and 21, when the compaction density of the positive and negative electrode coating regions, the macroporous specific surface area of the positive and negative electrode coating regions, the micro-mesoporous specific surface and volume of the positive and negative electrode coating regions, and the porosity of the positive and negative electrode coating regions are adjusted within the screening range of the present invention, the energy density and cycle life of the lithium ion battery can be improved as much as possible; if none of them falls within the above range, the electrochemical performance is poor, and both high energy density and long cycle life cannot be considered, see the test results of examples 1 to 2, 8 to 9, and 22. In particular, when the particle size distribution of the artificial graphite satisfies 8 μm < D50<25 μm and the primary particle size D satisfies 6 μm < D <15 μm, the electrochemical performance is better in the lithium ion battery system as the artificial graphite 1.
3) It can also be seen from a comparison of examples 3 and 4, and examples 13 and 14 that when the porosity of the negative electrode is higher than that of the positive electrode, the lithium ion battery exhibits more excellent electrochemical performance, which can simultaneously achieve both high energy density and long cycle life. This is mainly because the higher porosity of the negative electrode provides more pores for lithium ion intercalation, and the faster the intercalation speed, the more significant the improvement in electrochemical performance.
In conclusion, when the macroporous specific surface area, the micro-mesoporous specific surface area and the micro-mesoporous volume of the positive and negative electrode coating regions are regulated and controlled at the same time and optimized in a proper range, the energy density and the cycle performance of the battery can be effectively improved. When the particle size of the graphite, the compaction density of the material layer, the content of the conductive agent of the material layer and the porosity of the coating area are further screened, the energy density and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery can be more remarkably improved.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may also occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope of the invention as disclosed and taught herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any obvious improvement, replacement or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (12)
1. A lithium ion battery, comprising:
the positive plate comprises a positive coating area and a positive empty foil area, wherein the positive coating area is provided with macropores and micro-mesopores, and the specific surface area of macropores of the positive coating area is less than 3m2A number of grams of 1.0m or more2(ii)/g; the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the positive electrode coating area is 1-4 m2The volume of the micro-mesopores of the positive electrode coating area is 0.9-1.1 mm3/g；
The negative plate comprises a negative coating area and a negative empty foil area, wherein the negative coating area is provided with macropores and micro-mesopores, and the specific surface area of macropores of the negative coating area is 0.5-2.5 m2(ii)/g; the specific surface area of the micro-mesopores of the negative electrode coating area is 0.5-2.2 m2The volume of the micro-mesopores of the negative electrode coating area is 0.4-0.6 mm3/g。
2. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode coating area comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material layer coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the compaction density of the positive electrode material layer is P1，3.3g/cm3<P1<3.6g/cm3。
3. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 or 2, wherein the positive electrode coating region has a porosity of 30 to 50%.
4. The lithium ion battery of claim 2, wherein the positive electrode material layer comprises a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material comprises at least one of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material, a lithium iron phosphate material, a lithium manganese oxide material, a lithium cobaltate material, a doped coated modified lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material, and a carbon coated lithium iron phosphate material.
5. The lithium ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the positive electrode active material is a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material, a particle diameter D50 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material satisfies 1.5 μm < D50<6.5 μm, and a primary particle diameter D of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material satisfies 500nm < D <4 μm.
6. The lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 2 and 4 to 5, wherein the positive electrode material layer comprises a positive electrode conductive agent, and the mass of the positive electrode conductive agent accounts for 1.0 to 3.0% of the total mass of the positive electrode material layer.
7. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode coating area comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the compacted density P of the negative electrode material layer2，1.5g/cm3<P2<1.8g/cm3。
8. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 or 7, wherein the negative electrode coating region has a porosity of 35 to 55%.
9. The lithium ion battery of claim 7, wherein the negative electrode material layer comprises a negative electrode active material comprising at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, elemental silicon (Si), silicon oxide, elemental tin, and lithium titanate.
10. The lithium ion battery according to claim 9, wherein the negative electrode active material is an artificial graphite material having a particle diameter D50 of 8 μm < D50<25 μm and a primary particle diameter D of 6 μm < D <15 μm.
11. The lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 7 and 9 to 10, wherein the negative electrode material layer comprises a negative electrode conductive agent, and the mass of the negative electrode conductive agent accounts for 0.5 to 3.0% of the total mass of the negative electrode material layer.
12. An electric device comprising the lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
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| WO2023138109A1 (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 | Lithium-ion battery and power apparatus |
| WO2024011563A1 (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and electrical device |
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