CN114497628A - Fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114497628A CN114497628A CN202210086988.2A CN202210086988A CN114497628A CN 114497628 A CN114497628 A CN 114497628A CN 202210086988 A CN202210086988 A CN 202210086988A CN 114497628 A CN114497628 A CN 114497628A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell system, which comprises an electric pile module, a fuel cell system controller, a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system and a cooling system, wherein a hydrogen outlet of the electric pile module is connected with a steam-water separator, and the hydrogen outlet of the electric pile module conveys the unreacted hydrogen and the mixed gas of water and gas to the steam-water separator; the output end of the air supply system is connected to the air inlet of the electric pile module to provide air for the electric pile module, and the air supply system is characterized in that: the hydrogen inlet of the pile module is input through the steam-water separator by utilizing the cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system, the mixed gas in the steam-water separator is cooled and separated to obtain hydrogen and liquid water by the cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system, an external low-temperature cooling medium is not required to be introduced, the hydrogen and liquid separation is effectively realized, the structure is simple, the work is reliable, and the efficiency and the reliability of the whole system are improved.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
Background art:
the fuel cell is a power generation device which converts chemical energy into electric energy through the catalytic oxidation reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and is a novel energy source with high efficiency, high energy density, low noise and no pollution to the environment. The fuel cell is widely applied to the fields of new energy automobiles, steamships, unmanned aerial vehicles, emergency power supply and the like.
The byproducts generated during the operation of the fuel cell are only water and heat without any pollution. The hydrogen fed into the stack module is not 100% reacted, and a part of the unreacted hydrogen is discharged from the outlet of the stack module together with the produced water. In order to better improve the utilization rate of hydrogen, a reliable hydrogen circulation system is needed to send the unreacted hydrogen discharged from the outlet of the stack module into the stack module again for reaction. In addition, the humidity of the hydrogen fed into the stack module is also an important technical index. During the operation of the fuel cell, the proton exchange membrane must maintain a certain humidity to ensure high proton conductivity and good operating characteristics. Too low or too high a humidity of the hydrogen entering the stack module can affect the performance of the stack module and even damage the stack module.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem of hydrogen humidity, a water-gas separation device is generally added in the hydrogen circulation system to separate the unreacted hydrogen discharged from the outlet of the stack module and a part of water, so as to ensure that the hydrogen fed into the stack module again has a certain humidity and also discharge redundant water. Patent CN201920045141.3 discloses a water separator for hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen tail gas circulation system, through along separator inner wall tangential admission mode, makes the gas-water mixture gas that gets into the separator take place rotatoryly, and under the effect of centrifugal force and gravity, discharge after the liquid storage intracavity is dripped to large granule water droplet. The scheme has a certain water-gas separation effect, but the temperature of hydrogen and water-gas discharged from the outlet of the galvanic pile module is very high, about 70-80 ℃, and a large part of discharged water is in a water-vapor state. The scheme can only separate large-particle water drops, the separation effect on gaseous moisture is basically not achieved, excessive gaseous moisture enters the galvanic pile module from the hydrogen inlet, and is gathered and condensed into water drops in the galvanic pile module, and system risks such as water flooding and the like can be caused; in addition, patent CN202121674581.9 discloses a high-efficiency moisture separator and a fuel cell system using the same, in which a low-temperature cooling medium is introduced into a condensing pipe from an air inlet pipe and then discharged from an air outlet pipe, a mixed gas of high-temperature hydrogen and water vapor flows into a cavity from an air inlet and contacts with the condensing pipe to exchange heat, the water vapor is condensed to form a liquid state, the liquid state is separated and converged to a lower end cover under the action of gravity, and then discharged from a water outlet of the lower end cover, and the hydrogen is discharged from an air outlet, thereby effectively realizing the separation of the hydrogen and the liquid state, having simple structure and reliable operation, and improving the efficiency and reliability of the whole system, although the technical problems that only large-particle water drops can be separated, the separation of gaseous moisture is not effective basically, excessive gaseous moisture enters a pile module from a hydrogen inlet, is collected and condensed into water drops in the pile module, and the system risks such as water flooding are also solved, however, an external low-temperature cooling medium needs to be added to the outside of the fuel cell system, the number of components is increased, and the problem of external low-temperature cooling medium leakage needs to be prevented, which leads to high overall cost.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a fuel cell system which can solve the technical problems that in the prior art, only large-particle water drops can be separated, separation of gaseous moisture is not effective basically, too much gaseous moisture enters a galvanic pile module from a hydrogen inlet, and is aggregated and condensed into water drops in the galvanic pile module, and system risks such as flooding are caused.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell system, which comprises an electric pile module, a fuel cell system controller, a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system and a cooling system, wherein a hydrogen outlet of the electric pile module is connected with a steam-water separator, and the hydrogen outlet of the electric pile module conveys the unreacted hydrogen and the mixed gas of water and gas to the steam-water separator; the output end of the air supply system is connected to the air inlet of the electric pile module to provide air for the electric pile module, and the air supply system is characterized in that: cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system is input into a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile module through the steam-water separator, and mixed gas in the steam-water separator is cooled by the cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system to separate hydrogen and liquid water.
The steam-water separator comprises a condensation air outlet combined manifold, an air inlet manifold and a water collecting and draining assembly, wherein:
the air inlet manifold comprises an air inlet branch pipe and a main pipe, and the air inlet branch pipe is positioned on one side of the top of the main pipe;
the condensation and air outlet combined manifold comprises an air outlet pipe joint, a spiral flat pipe, an air outlet pipe, a cold hydrogen inlet pipe and a cold hydrogen outlet pipe, wherein the spiral flat pipe surrounds the periphery of the air outlet pipe, the top end of the air outlet pipe is communicated with the air outlet pipe joint, the bottom end of the air outlet pipe extends to the bottom of the main pipeline, the cold hydrogen inlet pipe is communicated with the cold hydrogen outlet pipe through the spiral flat pipe, the top of the spiral flat pipe is communicated with one end of the cold hydrogen inlet pipe, the other end of the cold hydrogen inlet pipe is connected with the output end of a hydrogen supply system, the bottom of the spiral flat pipe is communicated with one end of the cold hydrogen outlet pipe, the other end of the cold hydrogen outlet pipe is connected with a hydrogen inlet of the pile module, and the spiral flat pipe, the air outlet pipe, the cold hydrogen inlet pipe and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe are inserted into the main pipeline;
the water collecting and draining assembly comprises a water collecting pipeline, a draining valve and a draining pipe, wherein the draining valve is installed on the draining pipe, a draining port is formed in the bottom of the water collecting pipeline, one end of the draining pipe is connected with the draining port, and the water collecting pipeline is sleeved at the bottom of the main pipeline.
The cold hydrogen outlet pipe is inserted into the air outlet pipe.
The drain valve is arranged on the drain pipe, so that the water collecting pipeline and the drain valve are vertically arranged.
The main pipeline the inside still install defogging net subassembly, the bottom of outlet duct is passed and is opened in the middle of the defogging net subassembly and have the through-hole, defogging net subassembly is located the below of flight.
The defogging net component is a cake-shaped structure formed by stacking at least two layers of boards with inclined through holes, and the inclined through holes of the upper and lower layers of boards are staggered, so that an irregular flow channel is formed.
The above-mentioned trunk line bottom extend a diffusion section, diffusion section pipe diameter is greater than the pipe diameter of trunk line, the water collecting pipe suit is on the diffusion section and utilize first pipe strap to cramp.
The above-mentioned outlet duct connect and be connected through going out the gas cavity between the outlet duct, the pipe diameter of going out the gas cavity is greater than the pipe diameter of outlet duct, the outlet duct connects and stretches out from the side of going out the gas cavity, goes out the gas cavity and installs at the top of trunk line, cold hydrogen exit tube passes out the gas cavity.
The above-mentioned drain valve install make collector pipe and drain valve form vertical overall arrangement from top to bottom on the drain pipe, the collector pipe suit is in the bottom of trunk line.
The water collecting pipeline is a funnel; a baffle vertically extends from the top end of the spiral flat pipe; the bottom of the gas outlet cavity is funnel-shaped and is embedded into the top of the main pipeline.
The air outlet pipe joint and the inner pipe wall of the air outlet cavity are in tangential arrangement, and the air inlet branch pipe and the inner pipe wall of the main pipeline are in tangential arrangement; the drain valve is fixed on the drain pipe through a second pipe hoop; the air outlet cavity is fixed on the main pipeline in a welding mode, and the extension direction of the air outlet pipe joint is opposite to that of the air inlet branch pipe.
An adjustable flow limiting valve is arranged at the inlet of the cold hydrogen inlet pipe.
And a hydrogen circulating pump or an ejector is further arranged between the gas outlet pipe joint of the steam-water separator and the hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile module, and the hydrogen separated by the steam-water separator enters the galvanic pile module again through the hydrogen circulating pump or the ejector.
The hydrogen supply system comprises a filter, a stop valve, a proportional valve and a pressure release valve, wherein hydrogen of the external hydrogen cylinder enters a cold hydrogen inlet pipe of the steam-water separator through the filter, the stop valve, the proportional valve and the pressure release valve, passes through the spiral flat pipe, is discharged from a cold hydrogen outlet pipe of the steam-water separator and is conveyed to a hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
1) a fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile module, a fuel cell system controller, a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system and a cooling system, wherein a hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile module is connected with a steam-water separator, and the hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile module conveys the unreacted hydrogen and the mixed gas of the water and the gas to the steam-water separator; the output end of the air supply system is connected to the air inlet of the electric pile module to provide air for the electric pile module, and the air supply system is characterized in that: the hydrogen inlet of the pile module is input through the steam-water separator by utilizing the cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system, the mixed gas in the steam-water separator is cooled and separated to obtain hydrogen and liquid water by the cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system, an external low-temperature cooling medium is not required to be introduced, the hydrogen and liquid separation is effectively realized, the structure is simple, the work is reliable, and the efficiency and the reliability of the whole system are improved.
2) Other advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the examples section.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an operational block diagram of a drain valve in the fuel cell system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cooled steam separator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the cooled steam separator of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the cooled steam separator of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a condensed outlet manifold according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of a condensing outlet manifold according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the intake manifold of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the water collection and drain assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a front view of the water collection and drain assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a demister screen assembly of the present invention;
fig. 15 is an exploded view of a demister screen assembly of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 15, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell system, which includes a stack module, a fuel cell system controller, a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system, and a cooling system, wherein a hydrogen outlet of the stack module is connected to a steam-water separator 100, and a hydrogen outlet of the stack module delivers a mixed gas of unreacted hydrogen and water to the steam-water separator 100; the output end of the air supply system is connected to the air inlet of the electric pile module to provide air for the electric pile module, and the air supply system is characterized in that: the cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system is input into the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile module through the steam-water separator 100, the mixed gas in the steam-water separator 100 is cooled and separated to obtain hydrogen and liquid water by the cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system, an external low-temperature cooling medium is not required to be introduced, the hydrogen and liquid separation is effectively realized, the structure is simple, the work is reliable, and the efficiency and the reliability of the whole system are improved.
The steam-water separator 100 comprises a condensation air outlet combined manifold 1, an air inlet manifold 2 and a water collecting and draining assembly 3, wherein: the intake manifold 2 comprises an intake branch pipe 21 and a main pipe 22, wherein the intake branch pipe 21 is positioned on one side of the top of the main pipe 22; the condensation gas outlet combined manifold 1 comprises a gas outlet pipe joint 11, a spiral flat pipe 12, a gas outlet pipe 14, a cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16 and a cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17, wherein the spiral flat pipe 12 surrounds the periphery of the gas outlet pipe 14, the top end of the gas outlet pipe 14 is communicated with the gas outlet pipe joint 11, the bottom end of the gas outlet pipe 14 extends to the bottom of a main pipe 22, the cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16 is communicated with the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 through the spiral flat pipe 12, the top of the spiral flat pipe 12 is communicated with one end of the cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16, the other end of the cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16 is connected with the output end of a hydrogen supply system, the bottom of the spiral flat pipe 12 is communicated with one end of the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17, the other end of the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 is connected with a hydrogen inlet of a galvanic pile module, and the spiral flat pipe 12, the gas outlet pipe 14, the cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16 and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 are inserted into the main pipe 22; the water collecting and draining component 3 comprises a water collecting pipeline 31, a water draining valve 32 and a water draining pipe 33, wherein the water draining valve 32 is installed on the water draining pipe 33, a water draining port 311 is formed in the bottom of the water collecting pipeline 31, one end of the water draining pipe 33 is connected with the water draining port 311, the water collecting pipeline 31 is sleeved at the bottom of the main pipeline 22, the structural arrangement increases the contact area between mixed gas flow and the spiral flat pipe 12, the cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16 and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 respectively, the heat exchange between the mixed gas and the spiral flat pipe 12, the cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16 and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 is improved, high-temperature water and steam are condensed into water beads to form first-stage separation, the mixed gas and the cold hydrogen are dripped into the water draining port of the water collecting and draining component 3 under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, and then are discharged through the water draining valve 32, the separation of hydrogen and water is effectively realized, the structure is simple, the work is reliable, and the efficiency and the reliability of the whole system are improved.
The cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 is inserted into the outlet pipe 14, so that the contact area between the mixed gas flow and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 is increased, and the heat exchange between the mixed gas and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 is improved.
The water discharge valve 32 is arranged on the water discharge pipe 33, so that the water collection pipeline 31 and the water discharge valve 32 are vertically arranged, and the structural arrangement is reasonable.
Still install defogging net subassembly 6 in foretell trunk line 22 the inside, it has through-hole 61 to open in the middle of defogging net subassembly 6 is passed to the bottom of outlet duct 14, defogging net subassembly 6 is located the below of flight 12, unseparated mist flows to defogging net subassembly along spiral water conservancy diversion after, defogging net subassembly makes mist collision switching-over many times, gaseous state water in the mist that unseparated was accomplished, tiny particle water smoke and liquid water fully collide and fuse and form big liquid drop, the liquid drop passes through defogging net subassembly under the effect of gravity and air current, drop and form the separation of second grade at the water collecting pipeline.
The defogging net assembly 6 is a cake-shaped structure formed by stacking at least two layers of boards 60 with inclined through holes 62, and the inclined through holes 62 of the upper and lower boards 60 are staggered, so that an irregular flow channel is formed. The irregular flow channel formed by the plurality of layers of plates 60 with the inclined through holes 62 enables the mixed gas to collide and change directions for a plurality of times, gaseous water, small-particle water mist and liquid water in the mixed gas which is not separated completely collide and are fully fused to form large liquid drops, and the liquid drops pass through the defogging net assembly 24 under the action of gravity and airflow and fall on the water collecting pipeline 31. The flow speed of the high-temperature high-humidity mixed gas is slowed down, the detention time of the high-temperature high-humidity mixed gas is prolonged, the separation effect is good, and the separation efficiency is high.
A diffusion section 221 extends from the bottom of the main pipe 22, the pipe diameter of the diffusion section 221 is larger than that of the main pipe 22, and the water collecting pipe 31 is sleeved on the diffusion section 221 and is tightened by the first pipe clamp 4. The pipe diameter of the diffusion section 221 is larger than that of the main pipe 22, so that the space is enlarged, the pressure is reduced, partial small particle water mist is further settled due to the airflow deceleration under the action of the diffusion section 221, a third-stage separation is performed, the separation effect is further improved, and the separation efficiency is high
The air outlet pipe joint 11 is connected with the air outlet pipe 14 through an air outlet cavity 15, the pipe diameter of the air outlet cavity 15 is larger than that of the air outlet pipe 14, the air outlet pipe joint 11 extends out of the side face of the air outlet cavity 15, the air outlet cavity 15 is installed at the top of the main pipe 22, and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 penetrates through the air outlet cavity 15. The rest of the mixed gas after the third-stage separation vertically upwards enters the gas outlet pipe 14 and collides with a cover plate at the top of the gas outlet cavity 15, and the dropped liquid drops flow back to a water collecting area along a funnel at the lower part of the gas outlet cavity 15, wherein the fourth-stage separation is carried out. The gas outlet cavity 15 improves the separation height, and is beneficial to water-vapor separation.
The water collecting pipeline 31 is a funnel, so that separated liquid drops are conveniently gathered at the position of a drain valve 32 at the bottom; a baffle 13 vertically extends from the top end of the spiral flat tube 12; the bottom 151 of the gas outlet chamber 15 is funnel-shaped and is inserted into the top of the main pipe 22, so that the mixed gas can flow in one direction conveniently.
The air outlet pipe joint 11 and the inner pipe wall of the air outlet cavity 15 are in tangent layout, and the air inlet branch pipe 21 and the inner pipe wall of the main pipe 22 are in tangent layout, so that the layout is reasonable, and the water-vapor separation is facilitated; the drain valve 32 is fixed on the drain pipe 33 through the second pipe hoop 5, and the installation structure is simple; the air outlet cavity 15 is fixed on the main pipe 22 by welding, and the extending direction of the air outlet pipe joint 11 is opposite to that of the air inlet branch pipe 21.
The adjustable flow limiting valve 161 is disposed at the inlet of the cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16, and this structural arrangement can ensure that the flow rate of hydrogen entering the fuel cell system is not excessive under the condition that the combination valve in the gas supply system fails, improve the reliability of the fuel cell system, and play a role in overcurrent protection.
A hydrogen circulating pump or an ejector is further arranged between the gas outlet pipe joint 11 of the steam-water separator 100 and a hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile module, hydrogen separated by the steam-water separator 100 enters the galvanic pile module again through the hydrogen circulating pump or the ejector, and the structural arrangement is reasonable.
The hydrogen supply system comprises a filter, a stop valve, a proportional valve and a pressure release valve, wherein hydrogen of an external hydrogen cylinder enters a cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16 of the steam-water separator 100 through the filter, the stop valve, the proportional valve and the pressure release valve, passes through the spiral flat pipe 12, is discharged from a cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 of the steam-water separator 100 and is conveyed to a hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile module.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell system electric pile module delivers the unreacted hydrogen and the water gas mixture to the steam-water separator 100, after the high temperature mixture gas enters the main pipeline 22 from the inlet branch pipe 21 of the inlet manifold 2, the high temperature mixture gas spirally flows downwards along the spiral flat pipe 12 of the condensation gas outlet combined manifold 1, at the same time, the cold hydrogen gas coming out from the hydrogen cylinder after passing through the filter, the stop valve, the proportional valve and the pressure release valve enters the spiral flat pipe 12 from the cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16, and then the cold hydrogen gas is discharged through the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17 and flows to the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile module, at this time, the high temperature mixture gas and the cold hydrogen gas fully exchange heat at the spiral flat pipe 12, the cold hydrogen inlet pipe 16 and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe 17, the gaseous water or the small particle mist in the high temperature mixture gas is rapidly condensed and aggregated to form liquid drops and settled at the bottom of the main pipeline 22 after encountering cold, thereby forming a first stage separation;
the high-temperature mixed gas flows downwards along with the spiral flat tubes 12 to form an outward swirling gas flow, the outward swirling gas flow generates centrifugal force in the rotating process, so that water vapor in the mixed gas is thrown onto the inner wall surface of the main pipeline 22 to form liquid drops, and the liquid drops fall onto a demisting assembly 6 of the steam-water separator along the inner wall surface, wherein the second-stage separation is realized;
the unseparated mixed gas which flows out after being guided by the spiral flat tube 12 flows to the demisting component 6, the unseparated mixed gas passes through an irregular flow channel in the demisting component 6 to realize multiple collision and reversing, so that gaseous water, small-particle water mist and liquid water in the unseparated mixed gas are fully collided and fused to form liquid drops, and the liquid drops fall on a water collecting pipeline 31 of the water collecting and draining component 3 through the demisting component 6 under the action of gravity and air flow, wherein the third-stage separation is carried out;
the unseparated mixed gas flowing out of the irregular flow channel in the demisting component 6 enters the water collecting pipeline 31 through the diffusion section 221 at the bottom of the main pipeline 22, and the gas flow is decelerated due to the diffusion effect of the diffusion section 221, so that part of small particle water mist in the unseparated mixed gas is further settled, and fourth-stage separation is formed;
the mixed gas in the water collecting pipeline 31 vertically and upwards enters the gas outlet pipe 14, then enters the gas outlet cavity 15 and collides with the cover plate at the top of the gas outlet cavity 15 to form liquid drops, and the liquid drops fall under the action of gravity and flow back to the water collecting and draining assembly 3 along a funnel at the bottom of the gas outlet cavity 15, so that fifth-stage separation is formed;
the gas after five-stage separation is discharged from the gas outlet pipe joint 11 of the condensation gas outlet combined manifold 1 and conveyed to the inlet of a hydrogen circulating pump, the gas is pressurized by a pressure release valve and then enters a fuel cell stack for reaction, the separated liquid water is totally gathered at the bottom of a water collecting pipeline 31, a water discharging valve 32 of a water collecting and discharging assembly 3 is opened, and the separated liquid water is discharged through a water discharging pipe 33 of the water collecting and discharging assembly 3, so that the steam-water separation is realized.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications, which are made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, are all equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile module, a fuel cell system controller, a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system and a cooling system, wherein a hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile module is connected with a steam-water separator (100), and the hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile module conveys the unreacted hydrogen and the mixed gas of water and gas to the steam-water separator (100); the output end of the air supply system is connected to the air inlet of the electric pile module to provide air for the electric pile module, and the air supply system is characterized in that: cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system is input into a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile module through the steam-water separator (100), and the mixed gas in the steam-water separator (100) is cooled by the cold hydrogen output by the hydrogen supply system to separate hydrogen and liquid water.
2. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: catch water (100) is including condensation combination manifold (1), air intake manifold (2) and water collection and drainage subassembly (3), wherein:
the air inlet manifold (2) comprises an air inlet branch pipe (21) and a main pipe (22), wherein the air inlet branch pipe (21) is positioned on one side of the top of the main pipe (22);
the condensation air-out combined manifold (1) comprises an air-out pipe joint (11), spiral flat pipes (12), an air-out pipe (14), a cold hydrogen inlet pipe (16) and a cold hydrogen outlet pipe (17), wherein the spiral flat pipes (12) surround the air-out pipe (14), the top ends of the air-out pipes (14) are communicated with the air-out pipe joint (11), the bottom ends of the air-out pipes (14) extend to the bottom of a main pipeline (22), the cold hydrogen inlet pipe (16) is communicated with the cold hydrogen outlet pipe (17) through the spiral flat pipes (12), the top ends of the spiral flat pipes (12) are communicated with one end of the cold hydrogen inlet pipe (16), the other end of the cold hydrogen inlet pipe (16) is connected with the output end of a hydrogen supply system, the bottom ends of the spiral flat pipes (12) are communicated with one end of the cold hydrogen outlet pipe (17), the other end of the cold hydrogen outlet pipe (17) is connected with a hydrogen inlet of a galvanic pile module, the spiral flat pipes (12), the air-out pipe (14), The cold hydrogen inlet pipe (16) and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe (17) are inserted into the main pipe (22);
the water collecting and draining assembly (3) comprises a water collecting pipeline (31), a draining valve (32) and a draining pipe (33), the draining valve (32) is installed on the draining pipe (33), a draining port (311) is arranged at the bottom of the water collecting pipeline (31), one end of the draining pipe (33) is connected with the draining port (311), and the water collecting pipeline (31) is sleeved at the bottom of the main pipeline (22).
3. A fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the cold hydrogen gas outlet pipe (17) is inserted into the outlet pipe (14).
4. A fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein the drain valve (32) is installed on the drain pipe (33) such that the water collecting pipe (31) and the drain valve (32) are vertically arranged.
5. A fuel cell system according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the demisting net component (6) is further installed in the main pipeline (22), the bottom end of the air outlet pipe (14) penetrates through the middle of the demisting net component (6) and is provided with a through hole (61), and the demisting net component (6) is located below the spiral sheet (12).
6. A fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein: the defogging net component (6) is a cake-shaped structure formed by stacking at least two layers of boards (60) with inclined through holes (62), and the inclined through holes (62) of the upper and lower layers of boards (60) are staggered, so that an irregular flow channel is formed.
7. A fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein: a diffusion section (221) extends out of the bottom of the main pipeline (22), the pipe diameter of the diffusion section (221) is larger than that of the main pipeline (22), and the water collecting pipeline (31) is sleeved on the diffusion section (221) and is tightened by a first pipe hoop (4).
8. A fuel cell system according to claim 7, wherein: the gas outlet pipe joint (11) is connected with the gas outlet pipe (14) through a gas outlet cavity (15), the pipe diameter of the gas outlet cavity (15) is larger than that of the gas outlet pipe (14), the gas outlet pipe joint (11) extends out of the side face of the gas outlet cavity (15), the gas outlet cavity (15) is installed at the top of the main pipeline (22), and the cold hydrogen outlet pipe (17) penetrates through the gas outlet cavity (15).
9. A fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein: the water collecting pipeline (31) is in a funnel shape; a baffle (13) vertically extends from the top end of the spiral flat pipe (12); the bottom (151) of the air outlet cavity (15) is funnel-shaped and is embedded into the top of the main pipeline (22).
10. A fuel cell system according to claim 9, wherein: the air outlet pipe joint (11) and the inner pipe wall of the air outlet cavity (15) are in a tangential layout, and the air inlet branch pipe (21) and the inner pipe wall of the main pipe (22) are in a tangential layout; the drain valve (32) is fixed on the drain pipe (33) through a second pipe hoop (5); the air outlet cavity (15) is fixed on the main pipeline (22) in a welding mode, and the extending direction of the air outlet pipe joint (11) is opposite to that of the air inlet branch pipe (21).
11. A fuel cell system according to claim 10, wherein: an adjustable flow-limiting valve (161) is arranged at the inlet of the cold hydrogen inlet pipe (16).
12. A fuel cell system according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: a hydrogen circulating pump or an ejector is further arranged between the gas outlet pipe joint (11) of the steam-water separator (100) and a hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile module, and hydrogen separated by the steam-water separator (100) enters the galvanic pile module again through the hydrogen circulating pump or the ejector.
13. A fuel cell system according to claim 12, wherein: the hydrogen supply system comprises a filter, a stop valve, a proportional valve and a pressure release valve, wherein hydrogen of an external hydrogen cylinder enters a cold hydrogen inlet pipe (16) of the steam-water separator (100) through the filter, the stop valve, the proportional valve and the pressure release valve, passes through the spiral flat pipe (12), and is discharged from a cold hydrogen outlet pipe (17) of the steam-water separator (100) and conveyed to a hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile module.
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| CN114497628B (en) | 2024-01-05 |
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