CN114497445B - Pole piece, electrochemical device and electric equipment - Google Patents
Pole piece, electrochemical device and electric equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114497445B CN114497445B CN202210172535.1A CN202210172535A CN114497445B CN 114497445 B CN114497445 B CN 114497445B CN 202210172535 A CN202210172535 A CN 202210172535A CN 114497445 B CN114497445 B CN 114497445B
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- active material
- pole piece
- groove
- material layer
- width direction
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 214
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;iron(2+);manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/025—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material with shapes other than plane or cylindrical
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application relates to a pole piece, an electrochemical device and electric equipment, which comprises a current collector and an active substance layer, wherein the active substance layer is arranged on at least one surface of the current collector, and at least one groove is formed in the active substance layer along the length direction of the pole piece; the grooves can be used as infiltration channels of the electrolyte to the active material layer to increase the contact area between the active material layer and the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte fully infiltrates the active material layer in a short time, the risk of bridge breaking of the electrolyte is reduced, and the cycle life of the electrochemical device is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a pole piece, an electrochemical device and electric equipment.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in products such as mobile phones, tablets, notebook computers, electric vehicles and the like because of the characteristics of high energy density, long cycle performance, small pollution and the like.
Lithium ion batteries generally include an electrolyte and a pole piece having an active material layer, and it is difficult for the electrolyte to sufficiently infiltrate the active material layer in a short time during charge and discharge of the lithium ion battery, thereby affecting the cycle life of the lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the application provides a pole piece, an electrochemical device and electric equipment, which can relieve the problem that an active material layer is difficult to fully infiltrate electrolyte in a short time to influence the cycle life of a lithium ion battery.
The technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a pole piece, including a current collector and an active material layer, where the active material layer is disposed on at least one surface of the current collector, and along a length direction of the pole piece, the active material layer is provided with at least one groove.
In the technical scheme of the application, the contact area of the active material layer and the electrolyte can be increased by the grooves, so that the electrolyte can fully infiltrate the active material layer in a short time, the risk of bridge breaking of the electrolyte is reduced, and the cycle life of the electrochemical device is prolonged. Alternatively, the channels may store electrolyte and provide electrolyte replenishment during recycling.
According to some embodiments of the application, the trench extends through the active material layer.
When the groove penetrates through the active material layer, the groove can store electrolyte, so that the effect of improving the infiltration of the pole piece is achieved; further, it may function to improve the wetting of the electrode sheet at the middle position of the innermost layer of the electrode assembly.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the trench satisfies at least one of the following conditions: a) The depth of the groove is less than or equal to 5 mu m and less than or equal to the thickness of the pole piece; b) And the width of the pole piece is 0< 0.05 of the groove along the width direction of the pole piece.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the depth of the trench is 5 μm to 400 μm and the width of the trench is 0.05mm to 5mm.
The depth of the groove may be set to be greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to the thickness of the active material layer, i.e., the maximum depth of the groove may be equal to the thickness of the active material layer, so as to prevent the current collector from being broken by directly opening the hole in the current collector; in addition, the depth of the groove can be smaller than the thickness of the active material layer so as to prevent potential safety hazards caused by direct exposure of the substrate; specifically, in one embodiment, the depth of the grooves may be set to 5 μm to 400 μm, taking a 500 μm thick pole piece as an example. Along the width direction of the pole piece, the width of the groove can also influence the charge-discharge cycle of the electrochemical device; therefore, a reasonable width of the groove needs to be selected, in this embodiment, the width of the groove may be selected to be greater than 0 μm and less than 0.05 times the width of the pole piece along the width direction of the pole piece, and in particular, the width of the groove may be set to be 0.05mm-5mm.
According to some embodiments of the present application, at least one of the grooves separates the active material layer into at least two active material blocks along the width direction of the pole piece, the at least two active material blocks being sequentially arranged along the width direction of the pole piece.
Two active material blocks are arranged on one surface of the current collector so as to facilitate the application of the current collector side by side, two or more discharge ports only need to be arranged side by side in the side by side application, the discharge ports are mutually independent, and the discharge ports can simultaneously apply the current collector.
According to some embodiments of the present application, two active material areas on both sides of any one of the grooves in the width direction of the pole piece satisfy at least one of the following conditions: a) The active material types of the two active material blocks at two sides of the groove are different; b) The active material ratios of the two active material blocks at two sides of the groove are different; c) The compaction densities of the two active material blocks at the two sides of the groove are different; d) The coating quality of the two active material blocks at the two sides of the groove is different.
The different types of active substances can cause the different chemical properties of the active substance blocks, and different active substance types and active substance proportions can be selected according to different requirements so as to realize different functions of each active substance block; the proportion of the active material influences the energy density of the electrochemical device, and the proportion of the active material in each active material block can be selected according to specific energy density requirements; the compacted density of the active material areas directly affects the energy density of the electrochemical device, and the greater the compacted density, the greater the energy density, and the appropriate compacted density for each active material area may be selected according to the particular use scenario.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the grooves divide the active material layer into a first active material region and a second active material region along the width direction of the pole piece. The active material of the first active material block comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium-rich manganese base, lithium iron phosphate, nickel cobalt manganese ternary, lithium manganate and polyanion compound. The active material of the second active material block comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium-rich manganese base, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, lithium manganate and polyanion compound.
According to some embodiments of the application, the electrode further comprises an electrode tab, the electrode tab is close to one side of the electrode tab in the width direction, the bonding strength of the active material block close to the electrode tab is greater than that of the active material block far away from the electrode tab in any two active material blocks in the width direction of the electrode tab.
The bonding strength of the active material block close to the tab is set to be larger than that of the active material block far away from the tab, so that the pole piece is prevented from being bent and powder is prevented from falling when the pole piece is wound.
According to some embodiments of the application, the pole piece further comprises a pole lug, the pole lug is arranged on one side of the width direction of the pole piece, the pole lug is close to the first active material block, and the pressure compaction performance of the active material of the first active material block is greater than that of the active material of the second active material block. The upper limit of the compacted density of the pole piece is related to the kind of active material. The active material of the pole piece with the higher upper limit of the compaction density has better compaction resistance under the condition that other factors influencing the compaction density are constant.
The active materials of the active material blocks at the two ends are designed to have higher pressure-resistant solid density than other active material blocks on the pole piece, so that the problem of over-pressure lithium precipitation at the edge of the pole piece and the problem of over-pressure broken belt of a current collector can be effectively relieved. Further, in some embodiments, the ends of the active material block at both ends may be designed to have superior compaction resistance than other portions of the active material block.
According to a second aspect of some embodiments of the present application, there is also provided an electrochemical device comprising a pole piece as described in any of the embodiments above.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the pole pieces include a positive pole piece and a negative pole piece, a groove depth of the positive pole piece is greater than a groove depth of the negative pole piece, and a width of the groove of the positive pole piece is greater than a width of the groove of the negative pole piece along a width direction of the pole piece.
The groove depth of the positive electrode plate is set to be larger than the groove depth of the negative electrode plate, and the width of the groove of the positive electrode plate is set to be larger than the width of the groove of the negative electrode plate, so that the active substances of the negative electrode plate are more than the active substances of the positive electrode plate, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon is prevented.
According to a third aspect of some embodiments of the present application, embodiments of the present application further provide an electrical device, which is characterized by comprising an electrochemical device according to any of the above embodiments.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and may be implemented according to the content of the specification in order to make the technical means of the present application more clearly understood, and in order to make the above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present application will be given.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the application of an active material layer to a current collector according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the coating of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 6a is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6b is a schematic illustration of a trench structure according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 6c is a schematic illustration of a trench structure according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a winding schematic of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the present application
Reference numerals in the specific embodiments are as follows:
100. pole piece
10. A current collector;
20. an active material layer; 21. a first active material block; 22. a second active material block; 23. a third active material block; 24. a fourth active material block;
30. a groove;
40. a tab;
50. an insulating member;
200. an electrochemical device.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and thus are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description and claims of the present application and in the description of the figures above are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, "plural sets" refers to two or more (including two), and "plural sheets" refers to two or more (including two).
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured" and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; or may be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, the technical features described below in the different embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Secondary batteries, also called rechargeable batteries or secondary batteries, are batteries that can be used continuously by activating active materials by charging after the battery is discharged. By utilizing the reversibility of chemical reaction, a new battery can be built, namely, after one chemical reaction is converted into electric energy, the chemical system can be repaired by using the electric energy, and then the chemical reaction is converted into electric energy, so the secondary battery (rechargeable battery) is called. The main rechargeable batteries in the market include lithium ion batteries, polymer lithium ion batteries, and the like.
In a secondary battery, a pole piece of the battery is usually coated with an active material in a slurry form on a current collector, and the current market puts higher demands on the battery, such as low cost, high energy density and high safety, and in order to meet the market demands, the coating weight and compaction density of the active material are also higher and higher, which leads to the increase of resistance of an electrolyte infiltrating active material layer, when the electrolyte is infiltrated from two ends of the active material layer to the middle part, the electrolyte is poorly infiltrated in the middle part of the active material layer, and the electrolyte bridge is easily broken in the circulation process of the battery, so that black spots appear on the surface of the pole piece, and even the problem of attenuation and water jump of the battery circulation occurs.
In order to alleviate the problem that the active material layer is difficult to fully infiltrate the electrolyte and affect the cycle life of the lithium ion battery, the embodiment of the present application proposes a pole piece, and referring to fig. 1, the pole piece 100 includes a current collector 10 and an active material layer 20.
For the electrode sheet 100, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the electrode sheet 100 is an important component of an electrode assembly, which generally requires lamination or winding formation. For ease of lamination or winding, the pole piece 100 may be provided in a long sheet shape, and the pole piece 100 has a length direction, a width direction, and a thickness direction, and when the pole piece 100 is wound into a shape, winding is generally performed along the length direction of the pole piece 100. As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the length direction of the pole piece 100 is the X direction in fig. 2, the width direction is the Y direction in fig. 1 and 2, and the thickness direction is the Z direction in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 1, a current collector 10 is shown in fig. 1, the current collector 10 is a conductive substrate, the current collector 100 generally includes a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate (both of which are labeled in the figure), different materials may be selected as the current collector 10 of the current collector 100 according to different types of the current collector 100, for example, the positive electrode plate may use aluminum foil as the current collector 10, and the negative electrode plate may use copper foil as the current collector 10.
Referring to fig. 1, an active material layer 20 may be disposed on at least one surface of the current collector 10. Since the current collector 10 is a conductive substrate of the pole piece 100, its outline is also generally in a long sheet shape, and thus, in general, referring to fig. 1 and 3, the active material layer 20 is coated on the upper surface or the lower surface of the pole piece 100, or both the upper surface and the lower surface of the pole piece 100 are coated with the active material layer 20.
The active material layer 20 generally includes an active material, a conductive agent, a dispersing agent, an additive, a binder, etc., and according to the type of the electrode sheet 100, the active material layer 20 may select different active materials, and for a positive electrode sheet, the active material layer 20 may use some common positive electrode active materials, for example: the active material layer 20 of the positive electrode sheet may be selected from one or more of the above positive electrode active materials, and the ratio of the positive electrode active material in the active material layer 20 may be set to 60% -99.5%; for the negative electrode sheet, the active material layer 20 may be selected from common negative electrode active materials, for example: hard carbon, soft carbon, graphite, lithium metal, silicon carbon silica, lithium titanate and the like, wherein the active material layer 20 of the negative electrode plate can select one or more of the negative electrode active materials, and the proportion of the negative electrode active materials in the active material layer 20 can be set to be 60% -99.5%; a groove 30 may be provided on either the positive or negative electrode sheet. Different active material blocks may employ different active materials. For example, the active material of some active material blocks includes at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium-rich manganese base, lithium iron manganese phosphate, nickel cobalt manganese ternary, lithium manganate, polyanionic compounds; the active material of other active material blocks comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium-rich manganese base, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium manganate, polyanion compound.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, at least one groove 30 is formed in the active material layer 20 of the pole piece 100, and the groove 30 is disposed along the length direction of the pole piece 100. As shown in fig. 1, taking one groove 30 as an example, the groove 30 is disposed in the middle of the pole piece 100 along the width direction of the pole piece 100, the groove 30 may divide the active material layer 20 into two upper and lower active material blocks, the two active material blocks may be the same or different, and fig. 1 is referred to for the case that the two active material blocks are the same, and fig. 2 is referred to for the case that the two active material blocks are different.
The inner cavity of the electrochemical device is generally provided with a pole piece 100 and an electrolyte, and when the pole piece 100 is disposed in the inner cavity of the electrochemical device, the grooves 30 on the pole piece 100 are used for storing the electrolyte, and the grooves 30 can be used as infiltration channels of the electrolyte to the active material layer 20. Referring to fig. 5, the grooves 30 can increase the contact area between the active material layer 20 and the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte can fully infiltrate the active material layer 20 in a short time, thereby reducing the risk of bridge breakage of the electrolyte and improving the cycle life of the electrochemical device. Alternatively, the channels 30 may store electrolyte and provide electrolyte replenishment during recycling.
For the above-mentioned grooves 30, referring to fig. 2 and 5, the grooves 30 are continuous grooves 30 in a straight line, and the grooves 30 may or may not penetrate the active material layer 20 in the length direction of the pole piece 100. It is understood that the grooves 30 may or may not extend through the active material layer 20, which may store electrolyte. When the grooves 30 penetrate the active material layer 20, the grooves 30 can store electrolyte, thereby improving the wetting of the electrode sheet 100. Further, it may function to improve the wetting of the electrode sheet 100 at the middle position of the innermost layer of the electrode assembly; it will be appreciated that for a single trench 30, the trench 30 may be continuous or discontinuous, and may also serve as a wetting channel for the active material layer 20 by the electrolyte, where the trench 30 is a continuous trench 30, and may ensure a larger contact area between the active material layer 20 and the electrolyte; but in general, a partial region of the groove 30 may be closed off discontinuously due to production fluctuations, the discontinuous portion being less than 5% of the total length of the groove 30.
Referring to fig. 6a, 6b and 6c, the cross-sectional shape of the groove 30 may be triangular, trapezoidal, rectangular, etc., wherein the cross-section refers to a cross-section of the groove 30 perpendicular to the length direction of the pole piece 100, and the shape of the groove 30 may be selected according to the situation, and is not limited to the above-mentioned shape in the present embodiment. In order to facilitate the rapid entry of the electrolyte into the grooves 30, the openings of the grooves 30 may be made as large as possible, and referring to fig. 6a, the cross-sectional area of the grooves 30 is gradually reduced in the direction from the active material layer 20 to the current collector 10 in fig. 6a, which maximizes the cross-sectional area of the grooves 30 at the openings, so that the electrolyte enters the grooves 30 from the openings. The openings of the grooves 30 can be smoothly connected with the active material layer 20, and the connection has no rough appearance, so that the powder falling condition of the active material layer 20 at the openings of the grooves 30 can be reduced.
Referring to fig. 7, an electrode assembly of an electrochemical device is typically formed by stacking and winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet, and the winding direction is typically the length direction of the positive electrode sheet or the negative electrode sheet, so that in a normal case, the gaps between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet and the separator are small, which makes it difficult for an electrolyte to enter the grooves 30; in order to facilitate the entry of the electrolyte into the grooves 30, in this embodiment, the grooves 30 penetrate the active material layer 20 along the length direction of the pole piece 100. It will be appreciated that when the positive electrode sheet, separator or negative electrode sheet is wound in the longitudinal direction, the grooves 30 can store electrolyte and thus improve the wetting of the electrode sheet 100, since the grooves 30 penetrate the active material layer 20. Further, it may function to improve wetting of the electrode sheet 100 at the middle of the innermost layer of the electrode assembly.
Referring to fig. 5, the pole piece 100 further includes a tab 40, the tab 40 is disposed on one side of the width direction of the pole piece 100, and an insulating member 50 is disposed on the same side of the tab 40 as the pole piece 100 for insulating the tab 40. The tab 40 is close to the first active material block 21, the second active material block 22 is far from the tab, and the compaction resistance of the active material of the first active material block 21 is higher than that of the active material of the second active material block 22. The upper limit of the compacted density of the pole piece 100 is related to the kind of active material, and an active material having a higher upper limit of compacted density has higher compaction resistance under the condition that other factors affecting the compacted density are constant. For the pole piece 100, two sides of the pole piece 100 along the width direction may be connected with the tabs 40, so that the pressure compaction performance of the active material blocks at two ends of the pole piece 100 is greater than that of the active material block in the middle along the width direction of the pole piece 100. It should be noted that the first active material block 21 and the second active material block 22 are both active material blocks as described above, and the following applies equally. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the active material layer 20 may be further divided into a first active material block 21, a second active material block 22, a third active material block 23, and a fourth active material block 24, which may all be the same, the same or different from each other.
Referring to fig. 8, when the depth of the groove 30 is equal to the thickness of the pole piece 100, the groove 30 penetrates through the active material layer 20 and the current collector 10 in the thickness direction of the pole piece 100, so that the electrolyte can enter the groove 30 from one side of the current collector 10 facing away from the active material layer 20, and the infiltration speed of the electrolyte to the active material layer 20 can be further improved.
However, the grooves 30 penetrate through the current collector 10, so that the capacity loss of the inner cavity of the electrochemical device is large, and through holes are required to be formed in the current collector 10, so that the tensile strength and the shear strength of the current collector 10 are reduced, the current collector 10 is easy to break when being wound, potential safety hazards exist when the base material is exposed, and the problems of collapse and powder dropping of the active material layer 20 around the grooves 30 are easily caused; the trench 30 is too shallow to effectively store electrolyte for improving charge-discharge cycle. In order to ensure that the grooves 30 can effectively store the electrolyte and prevent the current collector 10 from being broken, in the present embodiment, the depth of the grooves 30 may be greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to the thickness of the active material layer 20 along the thickness direction of the electrode sheet 100, i.e., the maximum depth of the grooves 30 may be equal to the thickness of the active material layer 20, so as to prevent the current collector 10 from being broken by directly forming holes in the current collector 10. In addition, the depth of the trench 30 may also be set to be smaller than the thickness of the active material layer 20 to prevent the potential safety hazard caused by direct exposure to the substrate. Specifically, in one embodiment, taking a 500 μm thick pole piece 100 as an example, the depth of the groove 30 may be set to 5 μm to 400 μm.
Based on the same inventive concept, the width of the groove 30 also affects the charge and discharge cycle of the electrochemical device in the width direction of the electrode sheet 100. The width of the groove 30 is too large, so that the capacity loss of the inner cavity of the electrochemical device is large, which is not beneficial to improving the energy density of the electrochemical device; the width of the groove 30 is too small to store the electrolyte effectively for improving charge and discharge cycles, and when the active material layers on both sides of the groove 30 are different, the active material layers 20 on both sides are liable to cross-charge with each other when the active material layers are coated. Therefore, a reasonable width of the groove 30 is required, in this embodiment, the width of the groove 30 may be selected to be greater than 0 μm and less than 0.05 times the width of the pole piece 100 along the width direction of the pole piece 100, and in particular, the width of the groove 30 may be set to be 0.05mm to 5mm.
For the application of the active material layer 20, the conventional application method is to use different anode and cathode materials to perform different functions, for example, different slurries are used for the upper layer and the lower layer of the current collector 10 to make the upper layer and the lower layer have different functions, for example, the upper layer is used for lifting a voltage platform through the change of the slurries, and the lower layer is used for improving the high temperature resistance through the change of the slurries, but the application method is only used for the upper layer and the lower layer of the current collector 10, and the production procedure and the production time are increased; another solution is to mix and apply different functional materials, but this way of applying creates new problems, such as the difficulty in compatibility of the materials due to different processing windows of the materials, which increases the processing difficulty.
Therefore, in this embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the current collector 10 is coated on the surface side by side. The side-by-side coating method can be used to coat different active material layers on one surface of the current collector 10, and two or more independent discharge ports can be used during coating, wherein each discharge port is arranged side by side along the width direction of the current collector 10 and coats the surface of the current collector 10 along the length direction of the current collector 10, and a gap is preset between each discharge port, so that a gap exists between the active material layers 20 coated by two adjacent discharge ports during coating, and the gap is the groove 30 in the embodiment.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 8, at least one trench 30 separates the active material layer 20 into at least two active material blocks along the width direction of the pole piece 100, and the at least two active material blocks are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the pole piece 100. It will be appreciated that the active material block in this embodiment is the active material layer 20 coated on the current collector 10 at each discharge port in the side-by-side coating. And, the side by side coating only needs to set up two or more discharge gates side by side, and each discharge gate can be simultaneously to the coating of electric current collector 10, compares in bilayer structure coating or mixed material coating, and the side by side coating does not influence production efficiency, does not also need to increase extra process and processing degree of difficulty.
According to some embodiments of the present application, two active material areas on either side of either channel 30 in the width direction of the pole piece 100 meet at least one of the following conditions: a. the active material species of the two active material blocks on both sides of the trench 30 are different; b. the active material ratios of the two active material blocks at the two sides of the groove 30 are different; c. the two active material areas on either side of the channel 30 differ in compacted density; d) The coating quality of the two active material blocks on both sides of the groove is different.
It will be appreciated that in this embodiment, the two active material blocks on both sides of the trench 30 are different, which includes at least one of the conditions a, b, and c, and the different types of the active materials may cause the different chemical properties of the active material blocks, and the active material blocks further include conductive agents, dispersants, binders, additives, and the like, and the ratio of the active materials refers to the mass ratio of the active materials in the active material blocks, the ratio of each active material, or the types of inactive material auxiliary materials. Different active material types and active material proportions can be selected according to different requirements, for example, in order to improve the bonding strength of the active material block on the current collector 10, the ratio of the binder in the active material block can be improved, i.e. the ratio of the active material can be reduced; in order to increase the energy density of the electrochemical device, the active material ratio may be increased. The compacted density of the active material block directly affects the energy density of the electrochemical device, the greater the compacted density, the greater the energy density; however, a large compaction density can make it difficult for the electrolyte to wet the entire active material mass in a short time, and a suitable compaction density needs to be selected according to the specific use scenario.
According to some embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 10, the tab 40 is disposed on one side of the pole piece 100 in the width direction, and the bonding strength of the active material blocks close to the tab 40 is greater than the bonding strength of the active material blocks far from the tab 40 along the width direction of the pole piece 100.
The electrode assembly is formed by stacking and winding a positive electrode plate, a separation film and a negative electrode plate, when the electrode plate 100 is welded with the electrode lug 40, part of the electrode lug 40 is required to be welded on the current collector 10, so that the thickness of the electrode plate 100 near the electrode lug 40 side is increased, and when the electrode plate 100 is wound, the electrode plate 100 near the electrode lug 40 side is easy to bend and fall off powder, so that an active material block with high bonding strength is required to be adopted at the electrode lug 40 side, the bonding strength of the active material block is related to the ratio of a bonding agent in the active material block, and the bonding strength is higher when the bonding agent ratio is higher; on the far tab 40 side of the pole piece 100, it is not affected by the welding tab 40, so that the active material block on the far tab 40 side generally does not need a higher bonding strength, i.e., on the far tab 40 side, the active material is present in a higher proportion than on the near tab 40 side, so as to increase the energy density of the electrochemical device. It can be understood that the proximal tab 40 side is a portion of the pole piece 100 close to the tab 40, and the distal tab 40 side is a portion of the pole piece 100 away from the tab 40.
Referring to fig. 9, when the active material layer 20 is coated on the current collector 10, both ends of the active material layer 20 are generally referred to as skived regions of the electrode sheet 100 in the width direction of the electrode sheet 100, and the compaction resistance of the active material of the skived regions may be selected to be greater than that of the active material in the middle of the electrode sheet.
In order to obtain the optimal data of the depth and the width of the groove 30, some embodiments of the present application provide grooves 30 with different widths and depths on the pole piece 100, and use the pole piece 100 as a positive pole piece and a negative pole piece to manufacture an electrochemical device, and perform a capacity test and a cycle test on the electrochemical device, where the capacity test is as follows: constant current charging at the normal temperature of 25 ℃ and 0.5C, voltage stabilizing charging to the upper limit cutoff voltage by CV0.05C, standing for 30min, discharging to the lower limit cutoff voltage by 0.2C, repeating for three times, and taking the maximum value of the discharge capacity as the capacity of the electrochemical device.
The cycle test is as follows: constant current charging at normal temperature of 25 ℃ and 0.5C, regulated voltage charging to upper limit cutoff voltage of CV0.05C, standing for 30min, discharging 1C to lower limit cutoff voltage, and calculating discharge capacity retention rate (discharge capacity ratio of 500 th cycle to initial first cycle);
the test results are shown in table 1, wherein the interface refers to the surface state morphology of the negative electrode sheet in the full charge state of the electrochemical device, and the substrate is the current collector 10.
TABLE 1
From table 1 above, it is clear that no grooves 30 or discontinuities in grooves 30 cause black spots at the interface, and that grooves 30 have less effect on capacitance, so that continuous grooves are preferred in this application.
As for the depth and width of the trench 30, as is apparent from example 3 and comparative example 5 in table 1, when the width of the trench 30 is constant, the greater the depth of the trench 30, the smaller the capacitance; as is clear from examples 4 and 6 in table 1, when the depth of the trench 30 is constant, the larger the width of the trench 30 is, the smaller the capacitance is; when the groove 30 penetrates the whole pole piece 100, that is, the depth of the groove 30 is equal to the thickness of the pole piece 100, the interface will not appear black spots, but in production, the current collector 10 is easy to generate powder, and the base material is easy to break.
From the above table, it is understood that when the depth of the groove 30 is 50 μm to 400 μm and the width of the groove 30 is 2 μm to 5 μm, the interface does not appear as black spots and the substrate does not break; accordingly, the depth of the trench 30 in the present application is preferably selected to be 50 μm to 400 μm, and the width is preferably selected to be 2 μm to 5 μm. In addition, when the depth of the groove 30 is 5 μm and the depth of the groove 30 is 0.05 μm, a slight black spot may occur at the interface and the substrate may not be broken, so that in the present application, the depth of the groove 30 may be selected to be 5 μm to 400 μm or 0.05 μm to 5 μm.
According to some embodiments of the present application, in a second aspect, there is further provided an electrochemical device 200, referring to fig. 11, the electrochemical device 200 includes the pole piece 100 according to any of the above embodiments.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the electrode sheet 100 of the electrochemical device 200 includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, the depth of the groove 30 of the positive electrode sheet is greater than the depth of the groove 30 of the negative electrode sheet, and the width of the groove 30 of the positive electrode sheet is greater than the width of the groove 30 of the negative electrode sheet along the width direction of the electrode sheet 100.
If the active substances of the positive electrode plate are more than the negative electrode plate, the lithium ions which are more than the positive electrode plate cannot be inlaid, which causes lithium precipitation and has safety risks. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the lithium precipitation phenomenon is prevented by setting the depth of the groove 30 of the positive electrode tab to be larger than the depth of the groove 30 of the negative electrode tab, and setting the width of the groove 30 of the positive electrode tab to be larger than the width of the groove 30 of the negative electrode tab so that the active material of the negative electrode tab is more than the active material of the positive electrode tab.
It will be appreciated that the greater the depth of the groove 30, the smaller the duty cycle of the active material layer 20 in the electrode sheet 100, and likewise, the greater the width of the groove 30, the smaller the duty cycle of the active material layer 20 in the electrode sheet 100, and when the lengths of the grooves 30 of the positive and negative electrode sheets are the same, the depth of the groove 30 of the positive electrode sheet is greater than the depth of the groove 30 of the negative electrode sheet and the width of the groove 30 of the positive electrode sheet is greater than the width of the groove 30 of the negative electrode sheet, which means that the active material layer 20 duty cycle of the negative electrode sheet is higher than the active material layer 20 duty cycle of the positive electrode sheet; when the active material layers 20 of the two electrode sheets 100 have the same active material ratio, the active material of the negative electrode sheet is more than the active material of the positive electrode sheet.
According to some embodiments of the present application, in a third aspect, there is further provided an electric device, including the electrochemical device 200 according to any of the foregoing embodiments, where the electric device includes a product such as a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, and an electric vehicle.
It should be noted that the description and drawings of the present application show preferred embodiments of the present application, but the present application may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, which are not to be construed as additional limitations on the content of the present application, but are provided for the purpose of providing a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure. The above-described features are further combined with each other to form various embodiments not listed above, and are considered to be the scope described in the present specification; further, modifications and variations of the present invention may occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing teachings, and all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A pole piece comprises a current collector and an active material layer, wherein the active material layer is arranged on at least one surface of the current collector,
the active material layer is provided with at least one groove along the length direction of the pole piece, the active material layer is divided into at least two active material blocks by at least one groove along the width direction of the pole piece, and the at least two active material blocks are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the pole piece;
and along the width direction of the pole piece, the compaction resistance of the active material blocks at the two ends of the pole piece is larger than that of the active material blocks in the middle.
2. A pole piece according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves extend through the active substance layer.
3. The pole piece of claim 1, wherein the groove satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
a) The depth of the groove is less than or equal to 5 mu m and less than or equal to the thickness of the pole piece;
b) And along the width direction of the pole piece, 0< the width of the groove < 0.05.
4. A pole piece according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that in the width direction of the pole piece, two active material areas on both sides of any one of the grooves fulfill at least one of the following conditions:
a) The active material types of the two active material blocks at two sides of the groove are different;
b) The active material ratios of the two active material blocks at two sides of the groove are different;
c) The compaction densities of the two active material blocks at the two sides of the groove are different;
d) The coating quality of the two active material blocks at the two sides of the groove is different.
5. The pole piece of claim 4, wherein the grooves divide the active material layer into a first active material region and a second active material region along a width direction of the pole piece;
the active substances of the first active substance block comprise at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium-rich manganese base, lithium iron phosphate, nickel cobalt manganese ternary, lithium manganate and polyanion compound;
the active material of the second active material block comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium-rich manganese base, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, lithium manganate and polyanion compound.
6. The pole piece of claim 5, further comprising a tab disposed on one side of the pole piece in the width direction, the tab being proximate to the first active material block, the second active material block being distal to the tab, the active material of the first active material block having a compaction resistance greater than the compaction resistance of the active material of the second active material block.
7. An electrochemical device comprising a pole piece according to any one of claims 1-6.
8. The electrochemical device of claim 7, wherein the pole pieces comprise a positive pole piece and a negative pole piece, the positive pole piece having a groove depth greater than a groove depth of the negative pole piece, the positive pole piece having a groove width greater than a groove width of the negative pole piece along a width direction of the pole piece.
9. An electrical consumer comprising an electrochemical device according to claim 7 or 8.
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| CN115842105A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-03-24 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery pole piece, pole piece assembly, battery and electric equipment |
| CN115692603A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-02-03 | 楚能新能源股份有限公司 | Pole piece and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
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