CN114493219A

CN114493219A - Inter-region transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard measuring and calculating method based on entropy curve increasing surface method

Info

Publication number: CN114493219A
Application number: CN202210060371.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周敬宣; 周业晶
Original assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2022-01-19
Filing date: 2022-01-19
Publication date: 2022-05-13

Abstract

According to the maximum entropy increase principle, an ecosystem is a typical dissipation structure, the entropy reduction of ordered ecological regulation functions and the entropy increase process of disordered dissipation of the ecological regulation functions can be in a dynamic balance state under certain conditions, namely the earth is under the delicate balance, the dynamic balance state follows a statistical rule, and the probability is approximately in normal distribution. The method calculates the value of natural resources by using an ecosystem function equivalent factor method, constructs a statistical curved surface reflecting the distribution of ecological regulation function values (gas regulation, climate regulation, hydrological regulation and purification environment) in a geographic space coordinate system of a research area by using a two-dimensional normal probability density function, and describes the processes of the function and value flow, expansion, change and stability; the outflow value of the functional value between the research areas, namely the ecological compensation amount can be calculated by performing numerical integration on the curved surface of the corresponding interval, and the method provides a transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard measuring and calculating method between the areas. The method can also be used for analyzing air pollution transmission and compensation between areas.

Description

Inter-region transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard measuring and calculating method based on entropy curve increasing surface method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of ecological compensation, and particularly relates to a method for measuring and calculating a transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard among regions, which can be used for analyzing air pollution transmission and compensation among regions.

Background

The ecological compensation types at home and abroad are divided into three types: some may be compensated for by market trading; one part is compensated by participation of a half-market and a government; but it is difficult to market the ecological regulation function parts of a region, such as hydrologic regulation, gas regulation, climate regulation, and ecological service functions for purifying the environment. According to the principle of 'who benefits and who compensates', the cross multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard between the areas needs to be considered. In reality, the restoring protection force needs to be increased for ecological function highland, natural ecological protection areas and red line areas, green economy needs to be developed, poverty is accurately reduced, and multiple ways of financing are needed. In the poor and old regions, even the roads, water and electricity are lacked, and no market transaction foundation exists. These areas are ecological plateaus if they belong to the green water hills. The surrounding areas of interest that derive the value of the ecological regulatory function from these areas should be properly compensated. The research of the horizontal multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard (or quota) among the areas is an environmental management problem. Because many ecological functions have externality, how much and how much the ecological beneficial areas pay need quantitative evaluation and are not solved effectively all the time.

2016, the city of Ohio government initiated ecological compensation work on the Beam lake region of Ohio. Under the support of the city government, ecological compensation research among three areas (the city area, the Huarong area and the Liangzi lake area) is implemented by applying a combined method of ecological equivalent factors and the maximum entropy increase theory, the ecological regulation function value and the diffusion influence range of each area are determined, the ecological function and the value of each area are respectively diffused to other research areas and planning areas (see figure 9), the diffusion value quantity of a unit area is obtained by spreading according to the total area, and then the difference value is found by comparing with the original unit area value quantity, so that the total ecological value quantity of the ecological highland flowing to each area can be respectively measured. And the profit and loss and income and expenditure conditions of the ecological regulation function among all the regions in the jurisdiction range of the Huzhou city are measured and calculated by combining factors such as economic development levels of all the regions, and the upper limit standard of compensation is established. Also referred to as "factor-entropy flattening", see: 1, Zhou Jing, pottery, Yan Jinan, Qin Jian, leaf Jianbin, quantitative research of inter-regional ecological compensation standard, taking three-interval compensation in Onzhou city as an example [ J ] environmental and sustainable development, 2017,42(3): 143-; document 2, Zhou, Y.J., Zhou, J.X., Liu, H.L., Xia, M.study on eco-compensation standard for adaptive differential Production based on maximum efficient Production [ J ]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,221: 644-.

According to the measurement results, the compensation for the beam lake region by the city government, the urban area and the Huarong area is up to several thousand thousands and gradually increased every year from 2015 to 9500 million in 2019. The achievement and the mode are confirmed and recommended by the relevant government departments of China Ministry of humanity, the department of natural resources and Hubei province.

The core content of the factor-entropy increase method is that the ecological values of the natural resources such as the mountain forest and the lake grass in three regions (a beam lake region, a Huarong region and an urban region form a research region) to be researched are respectively measured by using an ecological function equivalent factor table (shown in a table 1; the table 1 is extracted from 'improvement of an ecological system service value method based on an equivalent factor of a unit area value', published in 2015 Xiagao (natural resources science report, 2015,30(8): 1243-; analyzing the diffusion and flow performance of ecological regulation functions (such as hydrologic regulation, gas regulation, climate regulation and ecological service functions for purifying the environment) in each research area to the periphery (not only to other two research areas, but also to other nine administrative areas surrounding three areas in Hubei province (Jiangxin, Wuhan central area, Xinzhou, Tufeng, Huangzhou, Xian, Wenyui, Huangshi City area and Meta city), wherein the nine administrative areas form a 'demarcation area', and see FIG. 9); and measuring and calculating the ecological regulation function value and the diffusion influence range of each region and the profit, loss, income and expenditure conditions of the ecological regulation function among the regions. Therefore, the ecological compensation standards (upper limits) are set, the systematicness and rationality of the ecological system comprehensive compensation are improved, and the relation of 'what is compensated, who is compensated and how much is compensated' is clear. The method is successfully developed in three areas in Huzhou city, and the recommendation of the department of natural resources is obtained in 4 months in 2020, and the recommendation is imported into an 'ecological product value implementation case (first batch)' and is also a unique inter-area ecological compensation case.

TABLE 1 ecosystem service value equivalent table per unit area

Note: the ecosystem service value of 2010 for a standard equivalence factor is 3406 yuan/ha (this table is derived from the 2015 published paper).

The factor-entropy increase plane method solves the problem of how to quantitatively determine ecological compensation to a certain extent, but how to determine the range of influence of the adjusting function value of the ecological plateau of the beam lake, and more accurately calculate the profit, loss, income and expenditure conditions of the ecological adjusting function at each position in the range, and needs to be optimized so as to be more scientific and objective. Therefore, the invention develops and establishes a factor-entropy curve increasing surface method on the basis of the factor-entropy plane increasing method. The method can be applied to the determination of the compensation standard of the ecological system adjustment function between a plurality of adjacent areas in inland regions (within the range of a grade city-district) of the whole country, improves the systematicness and scientificity of the ecological system multidimensional function compensation, and provides reference for establishing a transverse inter-area ecological compensation mechanism.

Disclosure of Invention

In response to the above deficiencies of the prior art or needs for improvement, the present invention provides:

construction of ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface based on maximum entropy increase theory

The method is used for measuring and calculating the transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard among the regions, determining the ecological regulation function value overflow amount among the research regions, and solving the problems of 'what to supplement, who to supplement and how much to supplement' of transverse ecological compensation among the regions. The method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) the selected administrative regions are used as research regions, and the boundaries of the research regions can be connected or disconnected and separated by other administrative regions; aiming at a preselected ecological regulation function, calculating the total value of the ecological regulation function corresponding to each research area according to the natural resource environment, the area of the area and the value equivalent of the ecological regulation function corresponding to the natural resource environment in each research area;

(2) for each research area, carrying out ellipse fitting according to the geographic boundary coordinates of the research area to obtain a fitting ellipse corresponding to the research area; the center point of the fitted ellipse is noted as (x)_C,y_C) The long axis length is Lx, and the short axis length is Ly;

(3) aiming at a preselected ecological regulation function, constructing an initial distribution curved surface of ecological regulation function value corresponding to a research area in an x-y-z space coordinate system by taking each research area as an object and based on a two-dimensional probability density function; for any coordinate point (x, y, z) on the initial ecological regulation function value distribution surface, the x-axis coordinate and the y-axis coordinate correspond to the planar two-dimensional coordinate corresponding to the fitting ellipse of the research area, and the z-axis coordinate value corresponds to the ecological regulation function value of the (x, y) point in unit area; for the highest point of the z-axis coordinate value on the initial distribution curved surface, the (x, y) coordinate value corresponding to the highest point is superposed with the (x, y) coordinate value of the central point of the fitting ellipse in the x-y-z space coordinate system; the projection shape of the curve corresponding to the same z value on the curved surface on the XOY plane is similar to the shape of the fitting ellipse, the long axis of the projection shape is coincided with the long axis of the fitting ellipse, and the short axis of the projection shape is coincided with the short axis of the fitting ellipse; the area integral of the initial ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface to the fitting ellipse is equal to the total value of the ecological regulation function corresponding to the research area;

then, simultaneously amplifying the major axis length and the minor axis length of the fitting ellipse by utilizing the preset multiple factor step length to obtain an amplified ellipse; the ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface is also synchronously adjusted to realize expansion, and in the adjustment process, the ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface always meets the following requirements: the projection shape of the curve corresponding to the same z value on the curved surface on the XOY plane is similar to the shape of the enlarged ellipse, the long axis of the projection shape is coincident with the long axis of the enlarged ellipse, the short axis of the projection shape is coincident with the short axis of the enlarged ellipse, and the area integral of the ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface to the enlarged ellipse is equal to the total value of the ecological regulation function corresponding to the research area;

aiming at a selected ecological regulation function, in order to obtain a stable ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface after adjustment and expansion, a unit area ecological value background value of the ecological regulation function is selected, reflects the background condition of a diffusion space and is marked as mu, and the initial value of the mu is preset; then, a plane with the value of z ═ mu is tangent to the expanded ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface, and an intersecting line is obtained on the curved surface; when the value contained in the curved surface part in the intersection line range accounts for more than 90% of the total value of the ecological regulation function corresponding to the research area, and the projection of the curved surface part in the intersection line range on the geographical plane can cover more than 85% of the area of each other research area, the curved surface form is considered to be fully expanded and tends to be stable, and the adjustment of the ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface is terminated; otherwise, reselecting the mu value, or increasing or decreasing the mu value, and simultaneously amplifying or reducing the lengths of the long axis and the short axis of the fitting ellipse in a matching manner, so that the ecological regulation function value distribution curve form is adjusted again until the requirement is met;

(4) performing area integration on the adjusted ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface in the boundary area of each research area to obtain the ecological system value of the ecological regulation function obtained in the research area;

recording a research area in which an (x, y) coordinate value corresponding to the highest point of the z-axis coordinate value on the adjusted ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface is located as an outflow area, and recording other research areas as inflow areas;

for each study area as an inflow area, the value of the ecosystem obtained by it can be used as a reference for the ecological compensation amount for ecological compensation to the outflow area.

As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in the step (3), the probability density function is a normally distributed probability density function; the mathematical expression for the probability density function is:

wherein j is the study area number; a is_j＝H_j/[2π(Lx_j b)(Ly_j c)]，H_jIs the total value of the ecosystem corresponding to the research area; x is the number of_j、y_jFitting the coordinates x of the center point of the ellipse to the study area, respectively_C、y_C；Lx_j、Ly_jRespectively fitting the study region with the major axis length Lx and the minor axis length Ly of an ellipse;

b and c are magnification factors of the long axis length and the short axis length in the adjusting process respectively; b is 1 and c is 1 corresponding to the initial ecological regulation function value curved surface.

As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in the step (1), a predetermined ecological regulation function is selected, and specifically, a gas regulation function, a climate regulation function, a purification regulation function, or a hydrological regulation function.

As a simplification of the present invention, in the step (2), the fitting ellipse may be a circle, and the length of the circle is equal to the minor axis, that is, Lx ═ Ly.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the initial value of μ is set to 0.1 or more standard equivalence factors based on an equivalence factor table.

Second, construct the air flow pollutant distribution curved surface based on the maximum entropy increase theory

The method for calculating the cross multi-dimensional ecological compensation amount among the areas for air pollutant or carbon emission comprises the following steps:

(1) the selected administrative regions are used as research regions, and the boundaries of the research regions can be connected or disconnected and separated by other administrative regions; counting the total amount of the air pollutants or the total amount of carbon emission of each research area for each preset air pollutant or carbon emission of each research area; wherein, the distribution heights of different pollutants are selected in advance;

(3) aiming at a certain preset air pollutant or carbon emission, each research area is taken as an object, and a pollutant distribution amount initial curved surface corresponding to the research area is constructed in an x-y-z space coordinate system based on a two-dimensional probability density function; for any coordinate point (x, y, z) on the initial pollutant distribution quantity curved surface, the x-axis coordinate and the y-axis coordinate correspond to the planar two-dimensional coordinate corresponding to the fitting ellipse of the research area, and the z-axis coordinate value corresponds to the pollutant concentration value of the (x, y) point; for the highest point of the z-axis coordinate value on the initial pollutant distribution quantity curved surface, the (x, y) coordinate value corresponding to the highest point is coincided with the (x, y) coordinate value of the central point of the fitting ellipse in the x-y-z space coordinate system; the projection shape of the curve corresponding to the same z value on the curved surface on the XOY plane is similar to the shape of the fitting ellipse, the long axis of the projection shape is coincided with the long axis of the fitting ellipse, and the short axis of the projection shape is coincided with the short axis of the fitting ellipse; the area integral of the initial pollutant distribution quantity curved surface to the fitting ellipse is equal to the total quantity of the air pollutants or the total quantity of carbon emission in the research area;

then, simultaneously amplifying the major axis length and the minor axis length of the fitting ellipse by using a preset multiple factor step length to obtain an amplified ellipse; the pollutant distribution quantity curved surface is also adjusted in step in order to realize expanding, and in the adjustment process, the pollutant distribution quantity curved surface satisfies all the time: the projection shape of the curve corresponding to the same z value on the curved surface on the XOY plane is similar to the shape of the enlarged ellipse, the long axis of the projection shape is coincident with the long axis of the enlarged ellipse, the short axis of the projection shape is coincident with the short axis of the enlarged ellipse, and the area integral of the pollutant distribution amount curved surface to the enlarged ellipse is equal to the total amount of the air pollutants or the total amount of carbon emission in the research area;

aiming at a certain pollutant, in order to obtain a pollutant distribution quantity curved surface which is adjusted and expanded to be stable, a pollutant concentration background value is selected, which reflects the background condition of a diffusion space and is marked as mu, and the initial value of the mu is preset; then, a plane with the value of z ═ mu is tangent to the expanded curved surface of the distribution quantity of the pollutants, and an intersection line is obtained on the curved surface; when the pollutant amount contained in the curved surface part in the intersection line range accounts for more than 90% of the total amount of the air pollutants or the total amount of carbon emission in the research area, and the projection of the curved surface part in the intersection line range on the geographical plane can cover more than 85% of the area of each other research area, the curved surface form is considered to be fully expanded and tends to be stable, and the adjustment of the pollutant distribution amount curved surface is terminated; otherwise, reselecting the mu value, or increasing or decreasing the mu value, and simultaneously amplifying or reducing the lengths of the long axis and the short axis of the fitting ellipse in a matching manner, so that the curved surface form of the pollutant distribution amount is adjusted again until the requirement is met;

(4) performing area integration on the adjusted pollutant distribution quantity curved surface in the boundary area of each research area to obtain the pollution quantity of the air pollutant or carbon emission obtained by the research area;

recording a research area in which an (x, y) coordinate value corresponding to the highest point of the z-axis coordinate value on the adjusted pollutant distribution quantity curved surface is located as a pollutant outflow area, and recording other research areas as pollutant inflow areas;

for each area of interest as a pollutant influx area, the amount of such air pollutants or carbon emissions it receives may be used as an ecological compensation amount reference for seeking ecological compensation to the pollutant efflux area.

As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in the step (1), the certain air pollutant is PM specifically_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂NOx, VOCs or NH₃。

As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in the step (1), the carbon emission is CO₂。

As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in the step (3), the initial value of μ is 1/5 which is set to a certain air pollutant limit value.

The inter-area transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard measuring and calculating method based on the entropy-increasing surface method is suitable for ecological compensation calculation of an ecological regulation function and carbon CO discharged by natural objects with fluidity-dissipation characteristics, such as air pollutants and carbon₂Predictive analysis of the diffusion range of (2).

Discussion of entropy-increasing-surface method

1. Ecological regulation value curve presenting normalized distribution supported by maximum entropy increase theory

Various ecological regulation function systems (aiming at a thank you factor table, and focusing on discussing four types of gas regulation, climate regulation, purification regulation and hydrologic regulation) in each region are based on a maximum entropy theory (MEP), and various ecological regulation functions are continuously generated and continuously diffused and flowed around as the metabolism of various ecological systems is continuously carried out, so that the ecological function values accompanied with the functions are also developed, flowed and diffused like fountain is continuously developed and diffused;

the ecosystem is a typical dissipation structure, the complex and harmonious ordered entropy reduction process of the ecological regulation function and the flow and dissipation disordered entropy increase process of the ecological regulation function are in a dynamic balance state under certain conditions, and the whole earth is in the delicate balance. The flow quantity of the ecological function around at any moment may be disordered and trace, but the flow quantity is counted by taking the year as a time unit, and the dynamic balance state shows and follows the statistical rule and obeys certain probability distribution.

The annual statistical dynamic balance state of the ecological regulation function value of each region in the diffusion distribution accumulation amount to the periphery can probably present a normal distribution form of a bell-shaped curved surface, so that the ecological regulation function value can be described by using the ecological function value curved surfaces. The central limit theorem provides theoretical support for the value surface tending to normal distribution.

2. Determination of ecological regulation value surface form and boundary

And establishing a geographical coordinate system in the research area range, and constructing a potential function of the flow of the ecological regulation function value. The X-Y axis describes coordinate values on the surface plane, and the Z axis describes the value of the ecological functional value per unit area. Setting a plurality of characteristic parameters for the potential function to enable the potential function to have personality, wherein the characteristic parameters can reflect the characteristics of geography, landform and ecological function value, such as area and range and ecological regulation function value. The adjustable coefficients in the variation potential function are gradually increased from small to large, so that the annual ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface of each central area is continuously expanded to the periphery, the central peak value of the curved surface is reduced, and the total amount of the ecological regulation function value contained by the curved surface is constant; when the ecological regulation function curved surface expanding diffusion will be stable? The ecological value of the ecological regulation function in unit area is selected and recorded as mu, and the initial value of mu is more than 0. The plane with the value of z ═ mu is tangent to the expanded ecological regulation function value curved surface, and an intersection line is obtained on the curved surface; when the value of the curved surface in the intersection line range accounts for more than 90% of the total value of all the curved surfaces, and the projection of the curved surface on the geographical plane can cover more than 85% of the area of other research areas, the form of the curved surface is considered to be fully expanded and tends to be stable. Otherwise, reselecting the mu value, or increasing or decreasing the mu value, and simultaneously amplifying or reducing the lengths of the long axis and the short axis of the fitting ellipse in a matching manner, so that the form of the ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface is adjusted again until the requirement is met, and the curved surface is the required special solution. The process is completed through a plurality of trial calculation judgments, and the thinking method is widely applied to mechanics and engineering calculation.

3. Rapid calculation of inter-regional lateral ecological regulation function value compensation standard by utilizing modern surveying and mapping monitoring result

The ecological regulation function value of a certain area can be measured and calculated by using the GIS and the factor table; according to an entropy increase theory, constructing an ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface with year as a time unit by using a probability density function, namely constructing a potential function of value flow; the method comprises the steps of setting a plurality of characteristic parameters into a series of numerical values for fitting a potential function, enabling the ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface to continuously change, and when the curved surface changes enough to meet the formulated constraint condition and the curved surface state is naturally coordinated, determining the curved surface as the required special solution.

The ecological factor-entropy increase-curved surface method is an upgraded version of the factor-entropy increase-plane method. Compared with a plane method, the value diffusion boundary can be determined by the curved surface method, the value distribution model is optimized, a plurality of processes are simplified, the analysis work of a defined area is omitted, and the systematicness and the scientificity of the multi-dimensional function compensation result of the ecological system are improved. The processing process is programmed and standardized, an operation method is provided for establishing the ecological compensation standard among the transverse areas, and the method has universality and popularization value.

Ecological compensation between regions is a mechanism for income redistribution, and promotes fair sense between regions. Economic compensation is provided from the ecological benefit area to the ecological output area, the external value of ecological protection is converted into the actual value of monetization, and the method is also an important way for realizing the value of ecological products. The current methods for implementing ecological compensation in the territory of the drainage basin are many, and an ecological factor-entropy increase-curved surface method can be selected as a method, so that the method is beneficial to enhancing the transverse compensation coordination management capability of governments at all levels to the territory and improving the measurement and calculation precision of the ecological compensation upper limit among the territories.

The invention also provides 2 practical measurement examples of the inter-area transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard measurement method based on the entropy-enhanced surface method in the following embodiment section, wherein:

case 1 is to use the entropy increase-curve method to measure and calculate the lateral ecological compensation standard among three areas (beam lake area, urban area and Huarong area) in Huzhou city.

Case 2 was used for analysis of air pollution transport and compensation between areas. According to the principle of "who pollutes and who compensates", if A ground transmits pollutants such as SO2, NOx and PM to B ground_2.5And PM₁₀Etc., B should be compensated or compensated from A. It is necessary to measure the amount of the pollutants introduced at B and to calculate the pricing problem.

The air pollution diffusion form follows the rules of constant total amount, dynamic balance and probability statistics of distribution. Can be described by a bell-shaped normal distribution surface with a high middle to a low periphery. The external influence of air pollution can be simulated by an entropy increase-curved surface method, and the compensation amount is determined by accounting the treatment cost of pollutants. Case 2 measured how much pollutants and the fees to be compensated were delivered to the Yanzihu basin from Wuhan, Ezhou, Huangshi and Xianning, respectively.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main technical route of example 1 of the present invention (the focus of the inter-area lateral multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard estimation method of the present invention corresponds to the first two steps in FIG. 1).

FIG. 2-1 is a (two-dimensional) schematic diagram of the value surface diffusion-stabilization process of the method of the present invention; wherein (a) in fig. 2-1 corresponds to the geographic range and geographic center of the three zones; fig. 2-1 (b) shows that the initial state formed by counting and summing up the ecological regulatory function values in the corresponding region ranges is a bell-shaped distribution surface, which corresponds to the case that the boundary ranges are not determined and the other research regions are not fully covered; FIG. 2-1 (c) corresponds to the diffusion of the value surface to a steady state; FIG. 2-1(d) is a composition of a three-region surface of certain ecological regulatory functional value. Fig. 2-2 is a perspective view of the view of fig. 2-1 (d).

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the diffusion-stabilization process of a value surface in example 1 of the present invention; wherein (a) in fig. 3 corresponds to the initial value surface, the boundary range (b) in fig. 3 corresponds to the boundary area that does not sufficiently cover the other study areas, the value surface (c) in fig. 3 corresponds to the boundary area that is diffused to the steady state, and the value amount in the boundary range (d) in fig. 3 corresponds to not less than 90% of the total value amount. The horizontal dotted lines in the graph correspond to the base value mu (mu can be preset according to actual conditions, and is the base value of the service value unit area of the ecological regulation function; for example, the set value is matched with two '90%' principles emphasized later, if the set value is not matched, a mu value can be selected, and adjustment and calculation are carried out again until the three are considered simultaneously); the intersection points of the horizontal dotted line and the curve are respectively marked as boundary point 1 and boundary point 2 from left to right.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a value surface model technique of the method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows the boundaries of the regions and the fitted ellipse in example 1.

FIG. 6 is a curved surface of initial value of gas conditioning in the beam lake region in example 1.

FIG. 7 is a curved surface of ecological regulatory values synthesized in example 1; among them, (a) in fig. 7 corresponds to gas conditioning, (b) in fig. 7 corresponds to climate conditioning, (c) in fig. 7 corresponds to environmental conditioning, and (d) in fig. 7 corresponds to hydrologic conditioning.

FIG. 8 (a) shows the local range-monitored PM selected in example 1₁₀The concentration value and the gas adjusting value curve value on the space coordinate are mapped. The "white dots" of the discrete distribution in the figure represent the PM₁₀A concentration value; the colors of the curved surface are different, and represent different values of unit area. Similarly, (b) in fig. 8 represents a graph in which the humidity monitoring value "white point" corresponds to the curved surface.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the relationship and range between the demarcated areas and the study areas in example 1 of the present invention. In the figure, the research areas include 3 areas (i.e., Liangzi lake, Hubei city, Huarong area), and the demarcated areas are 9 administrative areas (i.e., Wuhan central city area, Jiangxa, Xinzhou, Xian, Huangshi city area, Dayue, Tufeng, Huangzhou, xi shui) around the research areas.

Fig. 10 is a spatial distribution diagram of natural resources in texas, which is obtained by interpreting satellite remote sensing images by using GIS software (2019).

Fig. 11 is a map showing the relationship between the four cities and the beam lake watershed (5 areas) in example 2.

FIG. 12 is the curved ellipse position determination for the four cities (Beam added lake basin) in example 2.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the superposition of the air pollutant diffusion curved surfaces of the four cities and the five regions of the beam lake basin in example 2 to obtain synthetic curved surfaces of ecological regulatory value, wherein (a) -1 and (a) -2 in FIG. 13 both correspond to SO₂In FIG. 13, (b) -1 and (b) -2 each correspond to NOx, and (c) -1 and (c) -2 each correspond to PM_2.5In FIG. 13, (d) -1 and (d) -2 both correspond to PM₁₀In addition, (a) -1, (b) -1, (c) -1, and (d) -1 are all plan views, and (a) -2, (b) -2, (c) -2, and (d) -2 are all perspective views.

FIG. 14 shows the amount of air pollution control compensation for the four commercial beam lake basins obtained in example 2.

FIG. 15 is the vehicle-mounted operation track of the "smart smell" air detector on the administrative map (using GIS to randomly extract a plurality of PM acquired by the "smart smell")_2.5、PM₁₀VOCs data)

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Case 1-lateral ecological compensation case between three districts in Huzhou city

As shown in fig. 1, the method of the present invention mainly comprises the following steps:

1. ecological system value research for representing environmental characteristic difference based on equivalent factor method

The research area comprises three areas in Hubei province, the Huarong area and the beam lake area.

1) Through investigation, data is acquired

The method comprises the steps of obtaining relevant remote sensing images, environment monitoring data, water conservancy meteorological data, national soil resource data, agricultural product price and social and economic data through the modes of network collection, data application, interview and interview, field investigation and the like, identifying the scale and quality conditions of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes and grasses in a research area, and sorting a data set. And drawing a research area range graph and a resource distribution graph.

2) Correspondence and selection of land use type and ecosystem type

According to the land utilization classification GB/T21010-2017 and the natural geographic conditions of the research area, by comparing the concepts of the land utilization type and different ecosystem types in the equivalent factor table, the ecosystem type corresponding to the research area, mainly including wetland, broad-leaved forest, grassland, bare land, paddy field, dry land and the like, is selected from the equivalent factor table (shown in the table 1), and the ecosystem type is in relation correspondence with the land utilization classification land.

3) Adjusting the equivalent factor value according to the regional environmental characteristic conditions

At present, the equivalent factor method sets a regulating factor of the difference of the ecological function quantity in the space heterogeneity in the process of valuation. By using the method, the related factors are adjusted according to the difference between the precipitation and the biological Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and a new equivalent factor table is established. Wherein the precipitation and NPP adjustment factors are calculated using (equations 1 and 2):

the calculation method of the NPP regulating factor comprises the following steps:

wherein P is an adjustment coefficient, and can adjust the food production, raw material production, gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification, nutrient circulation maintenance, biological diversity maintenance, aesthetic landscape providing and other service functional factors; b is_jRefers to the NPP (t × hm) of the j region of the ecosystem^-2)，

Representing the annual average NPP of this ecosystem nationwide (t × hm)^-2)。

The concrete calculation method of the rainfall adjustment factor comprises the following steps:

in the formula, R is an adjusting coefficient and can adjust water resource supply or hydrologic regulation service function factors; w_jMeans the average unit area precipitation (mm hm) in the j-th area^-2)，

Means the rainfall (mm hm) of the unit area of the national year^-2)。

4) Calculating the value of the ecological system in the research area and adjusting the service value

First, the concept of the 4 ecological regulation service functions is explained. And the value of a new table, a standard equivalent factor (comprehensively determined by the prices of agricultural products including rice, wheat and corn) and the physical quantity of natural resources can be used for calculating the ecological service value of a research area (such as three areas in the Huzhou province), wherein the ecological service value comprises the values of 4 service regulation functions (gas regulation, climate regulation, hydrological regulation and environment purification). Of course, besides calculating the total value of a certain ecological regulation function by using the ecological factor table in the Xigao area, other methods can be used for calculation, such as an ecological function value method and the like.

These 4 values are key to the subsequent calculation of ecological output value and ecological compensation. The total value and the regulatory function value of the ecosystem are calculated by the formula 3.

Wherein ESV is an ecological service value, t represents a certain year, j represents an ecosystem type, i represents a specific ecological service function, S represents an area of a certain ecosystem type, X represents a revised factor value, D represents a value of a standard equivalence factor, and D is determined according to a value of agricultural products in the year. In case 1, the D value of 2019 is calculated to be 4256 yuan × hm according to the CPI fluctuation^-2And calculating according to the value.

2. Ecological regulation function value diffusion model research based on maximum entropy increase theory

Maximum entropy theory (MEP) indicates that: open systems may form "stable ordered dissipative structures" when far from equilibrium and in the presence of "negative entropy flow". The dissipation structure is a structure far away from a balance-disorder state, is a stable self-organizing structure generated in a nonlinear and open system, and can generate a coordination action and a coherence effect among all elements of the system due to the nonlinear, ordered and positive feedback interaction, so that the system is changed from disorder to well-ordered. The living organism is an ordered structure far from the equilibrium state, and can survive and develop only by continuously metabolizing, so that the living organism is a typical dissipative structure. The ecosystem is a highly developed dissipative structure with a complex and precise ordering structure and strictly coordinated ordering functions. Therefore, the development of all ecosystems, including human society, is an increasingly ordered process; in an ecological-human system, the processes of generation, flow and dissipation of ecological functions are a process of disordered and ordered combination, continuous growth of ordered and dynamic change; there is dissipation and disorder in the ecosystem, but the ordering plays a dominant role, and the process will appear and follow a certain rule, such as a statistical rule, and obey a certain probability distribution.

Based on MEP, the dynamic equilibrium state of the value surface is approximately in the form of a normal distribution of a "bell-shaped" surface. The central limit theorem also provides theoretical support for the trend of the valence surface to normal distribution. The invention uses probability density function to construct the value distribution surface of ecological regulation function, namely the potential function of value flow, namely the general solution of differential equation. Trial calculation is carried out on a plurality of characteristic parameters in the potential function by substituting series of numerical values one by one, so that the value curved surface is continuously changed; when the curved surface changes to meet the formulated constraint condition and the curved surface state is naturally coordinated, the curved surface at this time can be regarded as the special solution of the requirement. The thinking method is widely applied to mechanics and engineering calculation.

1) Establishing ecological accommodation value spatial distribution

Based on the satellite remote sensing image, the image and vector data superposition registration is firstly carried out on the research area range by using an image recognition technology. Measuring and calculating 4 types of adjusting function values (static values) according to an ecological equivalent factor method, and generating 2 x 2km unit area adjusting value space data (a coordinate system is x-y-z, the x-y is a geographical coordinate in a research range, and a value of a z axis displays the unit area ecological function value) in a Geographical Information System (GIS) software. Drawing a value distribution chart, and recording the value distribution as H₀。

2) Ecological regulation functional value surface model for constructing single research area

(ii) administrative region boundaries of each study area

Deriving the boundary coordinates of each research area by Geographic Information System (GIS) software, and importing the boundary coordinates into Matlab software for ellipse fitting to obtain a standard form equation of the ellipse fitting of the boundary of each research area:

Ax²+Bxy+Cy²+Dx+Ey+1＝0 (4)

the coordinates (x) of the central point of the three-zone oval boundary in Huzhou are respectively obtained by the calculation of a standard equation_c,y_c) Major and minor axes Lx, Ly, and an inclination angle θ. The central coordinate, the major axis, the minor axis and the major axis dip of the ellipse can be obtained by calculating by a general form ellipse equation:

② basic model of single value curved surface

Respectively constructing value curved surfaces f with 4 adjusting functions in each research area according to the characteristics of the two-dimensional normal probability density function_j(j represents a certain research area in a plurality of research areas, and the surface parameters are related to the ecological value, the area size and the shape of each area), namely, the potential function of value flow. Each f_jThe ecological regulation function value of the 'wrapping' is different, so that 'bell-shaped' value curved surfaces which are different in volume and size and similar in appearance can be formed, and the projection shape of the 'bell-shaped' value curved surface to the x-y plane is circular or elliptical.

By using the excellent performance of the two-dimensional normal probability density function, the normal distribution function of the influence range and the strength of each curved surface is as follows:

wherein, a_jThe symbol is positive and represents the upward projection of the curved surface, a_j＝H_j/[2π(Lx_j b)(Ly_j c)]，H_jIs a certain ecological regulatory function value, such as gas regulatory value, measured in zone j. Lx_jIs the major axis length of the j-th region, Ly_jThe minor axis length of the j-th area, b, c are further adjustment factors to adjust the smoothness of the curved surface in the x-direction and y-direction, respectively.

It should be noted that, the orientation of the geographical coordinates of the ellipse generally has an inclination angle θ with the established north-south geographical coordinates, and the coordinate transformation can be performed according to the following formula:

x′＝xcosθ+ysinθ

y′＝ycosθ-xsinθ (6)

state of extension of curved surface

f_jExpanding towards the periphery, and the overall shape of the expansion on the plane is consistent with that of each research area. In Matlab f_jThe initial state of (1) is that b and c are both 1; and adjusting the values of the related parameters b and c, gradually taking the values of b and c according to 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 … (programming operation), gradually flattening and smoothing the shape of each bell-shaped curved surface, and finally achieving a stable normal distribution shape of the expanded bell-shaped curved surface under certain condition constraint (to be described later), wherein each curved surface takes a ground plane (z is 0) as a progressive plane, and the total amount of functional values contained in the curved surface is unchanged.

a.f_jWhere is the effective range of outward extension of the curved surface? The mu value is set, which is the base value of the unit area of the service value of a certain ecological regulation function in the range of the research area. When the function value of a certain position on the curved surface is less than or equal to mu, the coordinate corresponding to the curved surface is the boundary range of the curved surface, namely the judgment value B of the diffusion boundary_j. The value of μ can be preset according to actual conditions. b.f_jThe outward extension should satisfy the following condition: the curved surface extends and expands outwards, the height of the pot top is reduced, the ecological regulation function value flows sufficiently, the land area of each party can be covered by more than 90%, and meanwhile, the value contained in the curved surface in the boundary range is ensured to account for more than 90% of the total value;

c. by analogy, each research area can form a value curved surface aiming at each ecological function; the multiple curved surfaces are mutually influenced, penetrated, redistributed and synthesized into a curved surface (see figure 2-1 and figure 2-2). The peripheral boundary of the curved surface M is B' (is B)_jA peripheral synthesized portion).

d. Compared with the farmland, forest, grassland, dry land and wetland, the average value of the ecological regulation service values of unit areas of the desert and the bare land is the lowest, and the value can be found from an ecological factor table.

In the Huzhou region, the channelThrough comparison and measurement, the average value of the ecological regulation service values in unit areas of the desert and the bare land can be considered as the background value of the diffusion of the ecological regulation function values. When curved surface f_jThe functional value of the above place is less than or equal to mu_iThe coordinate corresponding to the curved surface is the boundary range of the curved surface, namely the judgment value B of the diffusion boundary_j。

The method comprises the following specific operations:

at a base value of μ_i(i ═ 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively, corresponding to the lowest mean of the four regulatory functions) construct the value plane (z ═ μ_i) And intersecting with the value surface to obtain a boundary on the surface.

In the process of curved surface diffusion, the boundary shows a rule of increasing first and then decreasing. When a larger expansion area exists in the boundary range, the land area of each party can be covered by more than 90%, and the value quantity contained in the inner curved surface of the boundary range is ensured to be more than 90% of the total value quantity (the value overflow prevention part is more than 10%); if the curved surface is too flat, the functional value is scattered, and the results of each research area are less. At this time, the value surface reaches a stable state of diffusion.

The above process is to make a section of the three-dimensional curved surface and observe the section as shown in fig. 3. In practice, a three-dimensional graph is reduced to two dimensions, a curved surface is replaced by a curve, and a plane is replaced by a straight line, so that the description is convenient: the curve is a value surface, the horizontal dotted line is a base value μ, and the range included by the vertical dotted line (i.e., the vertical connecting line between each boundary point and the horizontal axis) is a value surface boundary (only 2 boundary points, i.e., boundary point 1 and boundary point 2, are shown in fig. 3, and the actual boundary points are a plurality of boundary points along the circular cross section corresponding to y ═ μ).

The four subgraphs in fig. 3 show: the curved surface gradually diffuses outwards from the initial state until reaching the stable state, and the value curved surface diffuses to reach the stable state, so that two conditions are met: 1) the distance between the two

boundary points

1 and 2 is large enough; 2) the area enclosed by the curve at this distance is more than 90% of the total.

Fig. 3 (a): in the initial state, the value amount is mainly concentrated in the self area;

fig. 3 (b): as the values of b and c are increased, the value curved surface gradually diffuses outwards, the value quantity in the boundary range meets the requirement of occupying 90% of the total value quantity, but other research areas are not fully covered;

fig. 3 (c): when the curved surface is diffused and simultaneously meets the two requirements and the boundary range is as large as possible, the curved surface reaches a stable state;

fig. 3 (d): if the curved surface continues to diffuse outward, the value in the boundary range will decrease, and the requirement of occupying more than 90% of the total value is no longer satisfied.

Fourthly, compensation calculation of transverse ecological value among all research areas

Curved surface f_jReflects the overflow-flow of the adjusting function value of each research area to other peripheral areas to form a relatively stable and dynamically balanced ecological adjusting function value curved surface.

Calculating each f separately by numerical integration_jTo the contribution within each study area. Because the value amount of the value curved surface outside the intercepted boundary range is still the effective value, the integral of the whole value curved surface is carried out in the integral process instead of the value curved surface integral after the boundary range is intercepted; and then comparing the expenditure and the income among the research areas, and accurately calculating who and how much to supplement the areas.

The above process is summarized as a value surface model flow chart.

In fig. 4, constraints (mu-area over 90% -value over 90%) are set, and the optimization is realized through a loop iteration program.

Thus calculating the contribution value of the ecological function value of each research area to other areas; profit and loss between the research areas, namely the transverse ecological compensation standard can be calculated.

For the areas outside the research area, only the ecological regulation function value flowing-expanding from the research area is 'accepted' to participate in the calculation, but the problem of the flowing expansion of the ecological regulation function value to other areas is not considered, and no substantial compensation calculation work is carried out.

3. Verification research of ecological regulation functional value surface model

1) Judging the relationship between the natural physical quantity and different ecological regulation values

The objects to be tested are many, and the relation is complex. For 4 regulating functions (gas regulation, climate regulation, environment purification and hydrologic regulation), the relationship of physical quantities on time scale, different seasons and ecological benefit influence on ecological value is judged by screening physical quantities through qualitative and quantitative combined analysis methods such as data query and literature analysis. If the external performance of climate regulation can be reflected from the ground temperature and humidity, the positive benefit is reflected by cooling in summer; similarly, the concentrations of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and oxygen can reflect gas regulation; hydrologic regulation may be closely related to precipitation and evapotranspiration; the particulate concentration may also reflect the effect of cleaning the environment.

2) Determining respective natural physical quantity distribution surface

The measurable physical quantity is discrete data, and a trend surface (the fitting surface is collectively called Q) of a certain physical quantity is fitted by using a global polynomial method of a spatial interpolation method. And respectively randomly extracting a plurality of data from the value curved surface M and the trend surface Q in the corresponding geographic coordinates to form a vector to be verified.

3) Ecological adjustment service functional value surface model verification

Corresponding variables on the M curved surface and the Q curved surface can be verified by different methods and multiple ways respectively. One is similarity calculation, such as cosine similarity, where cosine similarity focuses more on the difference in direction between two vectors, rather than on the difference in distance or length. The second is correlation analysis, such as pearson correlation method, which is a very common evaluation method for correlation of two types of independent variables, but the method is sensitive to abnormal values. If Q does not represent a normal distribution characteristic, the model is reset by using other probability density functions (such as lognormal distribution).

Curved surface model construction and verification

1. Model construction

Taking transverse ecological compensation among three administrative areas (beam lake area, urban area and Huarong area) in Huzhou city as an example, the method of the invention has the following specific treatment processes:

(1) inputting coordinate points of administrative region boundaries of each research area in Matlab, and carrying out ellipse fitting on three areas in Huzhou to respectively obtain ellipse boundaries of the beam lake area, the Huarong area and the Huzhou area, a central point O, major and minor axes Lx and Ly and an inclination angle theta which are fitted, as shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Ezhou three-region boundary fitting ellipse parameters

The ellipse boundary fitted by three regions is shown in fig. 5, which substantially corresponds to the area covering 90% of the respective region, and has better credibility for replacing the original irregular administrative region boundary.

(2) The total value H of gas regulation, climate regulation, environmental regulation and hydrologic regulation of three zones in Huzhou is measured and calculated by a geographic information system_iAs shown in table 3, the initial curved surface of each eco-regulation value in three regions (b ═ c ═ 1) can be calculated from Matlab. For example, as shown in fig. 6, the initial value curve of the gas conditioning in the beam lake region, under the initial condition, the ecological conditioning value is mainly concentrated in the region of the body and is not fully diffused to the other two regions.

TABLE 3 Total ecological value H of three zones in Huzhou_i(Wanyuan)

(3) After multiple measurements, the ecological regulation service values of the desert and the bare land are found to be the base value mu_iAnd (i is 1, 2, 3 and 4), the calculated value curved surface range and the mutual compensation value among the research areas are most consistent with the actual situation.

The obtained base values mu of gas regulation, climate regulation, environmental regulation and hydrological regulation are 2115.9, 777.1, 8714.6 and 3523.6 yuan/km respectively². When the boundary division is carried out on the value curved surface by taking the mu value as a reference, the boundary range shows a rule of increasing firstly and then reducing in the process of outward diffusion of the value curved surface.

Through programming and setting circular calculation, in the process of curved surface diffusion, the bell-shaped curved surface boundary is preferably selected according to the base value mu, so that not only can the land area of each party be covered by larger expansion area within the boundary range, but also the value contained by the curved surface within the boundary range is ensured to be more than 90% of the total value, and the overflow part is prevented from being more than 10%; if the curved surface is too flat, the functional value is scattered, and the results of each research area are less.

The condition is met, the form of the curved surface diffusion is in a stable state, the curved surface diffusion is a high-probability (90%) event, and the reliability is high. The adjustment coefficients b and c obtained by calculating the curve diffusion to stability of the ecological value of the three regions are shown in table 4.

TABLE 4 curved surface adjustment coefficients of ecological values in three Huzhou areas

(4) And respectively calculating the integral value of each ecological regulation value curve of the three zones in Huzhou to each research zone by using the actual administrative area of each research zone as an integral domain through numerical integral calculation, and obtaining the mutual output value of the ecological values among the zones.

The expenses and benefits between the regions were compared, and the mutual compensation between the regions was calculated, as well as the coverage area of one study region's worth profile to the other two regions, as shown in table 5.

TABLE 5 compensation value of ecological values in three regions of Huzhou province and curved surface coverage area of values

Note: + number indicates the due compensation and-number indicates the payout

(5) And (3) superposing the ecological value curved surfaces of the three zones in the Huzhou area to obtain the synthesized ecological regulation value curved surfaces, as shown in figure 7.

It can be seen that: the research is based on the maximum entropy yield theory, constructs an ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface, and implements research on the horizontal multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard among the regions. ArcGIS and Matlab software are used as main tools to carry out numerical calculation on compensation of lateral ecological values of three zones in Hubei province. Relatively reliable initial data are obtained through field investigation, and through mathematical modeling and substituting data calculation, the final ecological value compensation value between three zones in Huzhou is obtained as follows:

11440.1 ten thousand yuan should be compensated in the beam lake region, 6989.8 ten thousand yuan should be paid out in the Huarong region, 4450.3 ten thousand yuan should be paid out in the Hubei city region, the value basically accords with the expectation value of ecological compensation between the Hubei three regions, and the actual situation is relatively met.

2. Model validation

To obtain more essential, geographically-extensive data, we have adopted a mobile (on-board) air monitor "sniffing". In use, the device will record a batch of data every second, with a motion profile as in figure 15. Environmental elements in the state are monitored in a vehicle-mounted mode, and the elements which can be recorded specifically comprise various air pollutants, air pressure, humidity and temperature and the like. Verification of selection of air humidity and climate control, PM₁₀The effectiveness of the model is discussed in relation to gas regulation. During actual calculation, an official air monitoring value or an average value of air pollutant concentrations measured for multiple times can be adopted; the distribution heights of different air pollutants in the atmosphere are different; for a certain area and the total amount of certain air pollutants, the concentration value, the distribution height and the area of the area can be obtained by monitoring; the total amount of certain air pollutants or carbon emissions for each study area is measured in years.

The verification idea is as follows: and a correlation verification method (Pearson correlation verification) is adopted for verification, and the data of the ecological regulation value curved surface is compared with the monitoring data. The greater the gas conditioning value, the greater the PM in the area of the study₁₀The lower the concentration, the negative correlation of the value data and the monitoring data should be shown; the greater the climate conditioning value, the higher the air humidity is relatively, and the value data should show positive correlation with the monitoring data.

1) Gas conditioning value surface model validation

Firstly, a plurality of PM obtained by 'lingxiang' is randomly extracted by utilizing GIS₁₀Data, data points cover most of the region in three, jaw. These data are used to form a curved surface through GIS spatial interpolation, and the curved surface covers the Huzhou situation and can be called to adjust a value curved surface (figure 7). The values extracted from the random point generated on the surface form the corresponding (x, y, z1) values in Table 6, i.e., abscissa and ordinate, and PM₁₀The value is obtained. Then, the parameters of the gas regulation value surface are extracted at the corresponding coordinate points to obtain the (x, y, z2) values, namely the parameters of the gas regulation value surface corresponding to the horizontal and vertical coordinates (table 6). And carrying out correlation test on z1 and z 2. Direct output of PM through Excel table₁₀The correlation of the data with the gas conditioning data was-0.53 in order. Matlab drawing gas adjusting value curved surface and PM₁₀Sample point relationship diagram (fig. 8 (a)).

2) Climate regulation value surface model verification

Similarly, humidity data is obtained from the 'lingxiang', a GIS is used for carrying out spatial interpolation on humidity to form a curved surface, and then random points are generated on the curved surface, and values extracted form corresponding (x, y, z1) values in a table 6, namely horizontal and vertical coordinates and humidity values. Similarly, the climate adjustment value surface parameters are extracted at the same coordinate point, and the (x, y, z2) value, namely the climate adjustment value of the value surface corresponding to the abscissa and the ordinate is obtained (table 6). And carrying out correlation test on z1 and z 2. The correlation of two columns of data directly output through the Excel table is 0.253. The climate-conditioning value surface and the humidity value sample points were plotted by Matlab ((b) in fig. 8).

From PM on the basis of the results of the analytical verification₁₀The results of the verification of the curved surface of humidity and gas regulation and climate regulation can prove the rationality of the curved surface. First PM₁₀Showing a good negative correlation and being less likely to have ideal results for different physical quantities and gas regulation, PM₁₀The results of the verification demonstrate at least that the curved surface is comparable to certain air pollutants. Climate regulation also exhibits some positive correlation with humidity. Secondly, the natural physical quantity and the value surface have great difference, one has randomness and unpredictability, the other is from the ecological economic concept and the ideal value surface based on the maximum entropy increase theoretical hypothesis, and the comparison and verification of the two is hugeChallenging and difficult to check characteristics, high correlation cannot be blindly pursued. The above results are therefore at least trend-ideal and also provide evidence for the credibility of the model.

Table 6 PM on corresponding coordinates₁₀Humidity (z1) and gas, climate control value (z2)

Discussion of the preferred embodiments

The expansion form of the ecological regulation function value is distributed according to a bell shape, and the principle of the maximum entropy increase theory is met. The synthesized final value surface basically covers all research areas, and the value surface is fully and uniformly diffused. The value in the core range of the curved surface accounts for about 90% of the total amount, belongs to a large probability event and accords with the basic estimation of probability theory. The measurement and calculation are carried out in the processes of comparison and optimization, the result is reasonable, and scientific basis is provided.

Case 2 measurement and calculation of pollutant delivery and indemnification by using entropy curve increasing method

The Liangzi lake basin is an important water source area in the Wuhan city circle, has great ecological function value, is in the range of ecological red lines, is a whole, but belongs to the Wuhan, Ezhou, Yanning and Huangshi cities. The study area includes five areas, namely four cities and the Liangzi lake basin, which are sequentially marked as A-E (shown in figure 11).

The beam lake basin is surrounded by four cities, and particularly the Wuhan city has a large population, a large capacity and large rows. The influence of air pollution transmission on the beam lake basin is obvious, and the pollution amount is large and the compensation is large, so that the method is worth discussing.

1. Establishment of curved surface geographic coordinate system

The data to be imported from the GIS into Matlab include: the boundary coordinates and the coordinates of the central point of the grid are used for ellipse fitting to obtain an ellipse standard equation; the coordinates of the central point are used for value integration, the administrative region is dispersed into a plurality of grids of 4 multiplied by 4km, and the value integration of the value curved surface in the region can be obtained by multiplying the value of the value curved surface at the central point of the grids by the area of the grids.

(1) Determining O, Lx, Ly and theta of corresponding ellipses of each region

Similar to example 1, coordinate points of the boundary of the regions a to E of the study are input into Matlab, and ellipse fitting is performed on the five regions to obtain the boundary of the ellipse of the region a to E, the central point O, the major and minor axes Lx, Ly, and the inclination angle θ, respectively. Respectively carrying out ellipse fitting on the five-region boundary by a program to obtain a general form ellipse equation (shown as the following formula) of the five-region boundary, wherein the general form ellipse equation (the coordinate x of the central point) is used as the coordinate of the central point_c,y_cThe equations for calculating the major and minor axes Lx, Ly and the inclination angle θ are the same as those set forth in example 1), the center coordinates of the ellipse, the major and minor axes and the inclination angle of the major axis are calculated, and the results are shown in table 7 below.

Ax²+Bxy+Cy²+Dx+Ey+1＝0

TABLE 7 determination of the position of the individual curved ellipses of the zones A-E

The ellipse boundaries of the five-region fit are shown in fig. 12, which substantially correspond to 90% of the area covered by the respective region, and have better confidence for replacing the original irregular administrative region boundaries.

2. Air pollutant emission estimation

2014-charge 2015 research work on analysis of particulate matter emission sources and source lists in Wuhan city (source analysis mainly refers to analysis of particulate matter sources, and by analyzing chemical compositions of pollutants, the sources are traced to the emission sources, such as emission from factories, motor vehicles, restaurants and the like, and the source lists refer to main air pollutants, such as SO₂Predicted emissions of NOx, VOCs, particulate matter, etc.).

The inventor of the patent uses a system dynamics model to distinguish different environmental protection scenes according to source analysis and source list dataMeasuring the change of air pollutant discharge amount in Wuhan city and PM_2.5And PM₁₀Is a constrained atmospheric ambient capacity. The specific research method, the research content and the result can be referred to as follows: document [1 ]]Zhou Y J,Zhou J X.Urban Atmospheric Environmental Capacity and Atmospheric Environmental Carrying Capacity Constrained by GDP and PM_2.5[J]Ecological Indicators,2017,73: 637-652; literature reference]GDP-PM based on system dynamics_2.5Atmospheric environment bearing capacity model research restricted to reach standard-for example, Wuhan City]Safety and environmental engineering, 2017,24(6): 20-29; the literature: zhou Jing, Zhou Jing Xuan, Tao, based on system dynamics, with GDP-PM_2.5Atmospheric environment bearing capacity model research restricted to reach standard-for example, Wuhan City]Safety and environmental engineering, 2017,24(6):20-29.[3 ]]Forest ecosystem service function assessment standard [ S ] of the people' S republic of China].LY/T 1721─2008.。

According to a predictive model, SO₂、NOx、PM_2.5And PM₁₀The predicted values in 2020 are 22500 tons, 97700 tons, 27400 tons and 61800 tons. Because Huzhou, Huangshi, and Yanning do not have the original list of air pollution emissions, the emissions of pollutants are roughly estimated here in proportion to the carbon emissions. As shown in table 8. Wherein GDP and carbon emissions data are from chinese greenhouse gas working group statistical data, table 9.

Table 8 predicts the air pollutant emission and carbon emission data of Wuhan, Ezhou, yellow stone and Yanning in 2020

TABLE 9 carbon emission statistics of 2011-

Note: the prefecture of Hubei includes: tianmen, Xinjiang and Xiantao.

3. Air pollution output and compensation

1) Initial shape of air pollutant curved surface

The above contents on the position of the curved surface ellipse and the initial shape of the curved surface can be directly referred to in the section; the X-Y axis in the geographic coordinate system is the geographic coordinate and the Z axis is the concentration coordinate.

2) Determining the shape of surface expansion

In the foregoing method, the μ value reflects the ecological background value, and the intersection of the μ value with the curved surface defines a range that constitutes the boundary of the curved surface. Meanwhile, the requirement that the value quantity contained by 90% of the coverage area and the curved surface and the mu value is not less than 90% is met, and the selection of the background value needs trial calculation according to the actual situation. The μ value here is the contaminant concentration value, unit: g/m³。

Mu value-boundary value for establishing the curved diffusion of air pollutants, which reflects the background condition of the diffusion space. Referring to the Chinese environmental air quality standard GB3095-2012, the boundary value mu of the air pollutant diffused in the natural protection area and the landscape scenic spot is 1/5 of a corresponding limit value, and the background concentration is reflected. In this example, PM_2.5Taking 3 mu g/m³，PM₁₀Taking 8 mu g/m³，SO₂Taking 4 mu g/m³NOx is 10 mu g/m³. (Note 1)

Trial calculation of μ values starting from the above values, when the surface expansion satisfies two 90% constraints, μ values and b, c results defining the surface morphology are shown in table 10. (suppose PM)_2.550% sedimentation, 50% diffusion, PM₁₀There was 70% sedimentation and 30% diffusion. Has been driven from PM₁₀Is less than PM_2.5Calculated as 100m, contaminant distribution height).

TABLE 10 values of the diffusion curve μ and b, c for contaminants

Note 1: 15 μ g/m³、40μg/m³、20μg/m³、50μg/m³Are each PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂And of NOxA class of limit values.

And superposing the diffusion curved surfaces of the air pollutants in the four cities and the five areas of the beam lake watershed to obtain the synthesized ecological regulation value curved surfaces, as shown in figure 13.

3) Pollutant transmission amount and compensation value

And respectively calculating the integral value of each pollutant diffusion curved surface of the five regions A-D to the lake flow area E of the beam by using the actual administrative region area of each research region as an integral domain through numerical integration calculation. The air contaminant transfer between the five zones and each other, and the equivalent compensation value are shown in table 11 below.

TABLE 11 conveying quantity and compensation quantity of urban air pollutants around beam lake watershed

Note 2: regarding the pricing standard, reference may be made to "appendix 10 forest ecosystem service function evaluation social public data table (recommended price for use)" in "forest ecosystem service function evaluation specification" LY/T1721-2008 "of the national republic of China, which is based on: the standard for collecting the pollution discharge fee of the sulfur dioxide of the high-sulfur coal in Beijing is 1.20 yuan/kg in the 31 st order of Commission on the fourth department of Federation, 2003, such as Federation, Standard and calculation method for the pollution discharge fee; the standard of fluoride pollution discharge charge is 0.69 yuan/kg; the charging standard of nitrogen oxide pollution discharge cost is 0.63 yuan/kg; the general dust pollution discharge charge standard is 0.15 yuan per kg; the standard of the pollution discharge fee charge of the lead and the compound thereof is 30.00 yuan/kg; the standard of the charge for the cadmium and the compound pollution discharge fee is 20.00 yuan/kg; the standard of the charge for the pollution discharge fee of the nickel and the compound is 4.62 yuan/kg; the standard for the discharge charge of tin and compounds is 2.22 yuan/kg.

The 2003 standard is now modified to: the standard of sulfur dioxide pollution discharge charge is changed from 1.20 yuan/kg to 60 yuan/kg; the charging standard of the nitrogen oxide pollution discharge cost is changed from 0.63 yuan/kg to 30 yuan/kg; general dust (includingPM₁₀、PM_2.5) The standard of the charge of the pollution discharge fee is changed from 0.15 yuan/kg to 15 yuan/kg. SO (SO)₂Since the unit price for removing NOx is higher in 2003, the current price increase range is different.

The research is based on the maximum entropy theory to construct an air pollutant diffusion curved surface and carry out research on the inter-area transverse air pollution regulation compensation standard. And (3) carrying out numerical calculation on the beam lake basin compensation by taking Matlab software as a tool. The contaminant output relationship and offset relationship between the five zones a-D and E is obtained (as shown in fig. 14).

From the results:

SO transmitted to E by Wuhan area A₂、NOx、PM_2.5、PM₁₀670.13 tons, 1652.13 tons, 493.67 tons and 591.51 tons respectively, and the compensation total value is 10852.8 ten thousand yuan;

the four pollutants transmitted to E by Ezhou B are 484.58 tons, 1487.17 tons, 325.18 tons and 297.41 tons respectively, and the compensation value is 8526 ten thousand yuan;

the four pollutants transmitted to the E by the Yangning C are 175.33 tons, 563.59 tons, 107.65 tons and 47.65 tons respectively, and the compensation total value is 3060.3 ten thousand yuan;

the four pollutants transmitted to the E by the yellow stone D are 509.20 tons, 1481.75 tons, 337.16 tons and 263.18 tons respectively, and the total compensation value is 8623.2 ten thousand yuan.

The total value of the total compensation of the four cities A-D to the river basin of the E beam lake is 31062.3 ten thousand yuan.

Supplementary explanation:

firstly, the inter-region transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation standard measuring and calculating method can also be extended to the method of replacing a normal probability density function curved surface model by other probability density function curved surfaces, and the main technical process ideas are the same;

therefore, the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A calculation method for transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation quantity among areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:

then, simultaneously amplifying the major axis length and the minor axis length of the fitting ellipse by using a preset multiple factor step length to obtain an amplified ellipse; the ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface is also synchronously adjusted to realize expansion, and in the adjustment process, the ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface always meets the following requirements: the projection shape of the curve corresponding to the same z value on the curved surface on the XOY plane is similar to the shape of the enlarged ellipse, the long axis of the projection shape is coincident with the long axis of the enlarged ellipse, the short axis of the projection shape is coincident with the short axis of the enlarged ellipse, and the area integral of the ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface to the enlarged ellipse is equal to the total value of the ecological regulation function corresponding to the research area;

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the probability density function is a normally distributed probability density function; the mathematical expression for the probability density function is:

wherein j is the study area number; a is_j＝H_j/[2π(Lx_jb)(Ly_jc)]，H_jIs the total value of the ecological regulation function corresponding to the research area; x is the number of_j、y_jFitting the coordinates x of the center point of the ellipse to the study area, respectively_C、y_C；Lx_j、Ly_jRespectively fitting the study region with the major axis length Lx and the minor axis length Ly of an ellipse;

b and c are magnification factors of the long axis length and the short axis length in the adjusting process respectively; b is 1 and c is 1 corresponding to the initial ecological regulation function value distribution curved surface.

3. The method for calculating the inter-area multi-dimensional ecological compensation quantity according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a pre-selected ecological regulation function is selected, and specifically, the ecological regulation function is a gas regulation function, a climate regulation function, a purification regulation function or a hydrological regulation function.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the fitted ellipse is a circle with equal duration and short axis, i.e. Lx ═ Ly.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the initial value of μ is set to 0.1 or more standard equivalence factors according to an ecological function equivalence factor table.

6. An inter-area transverse multi-dimensional ecological compensation amount calculation method based on air pollutant or carbon emission is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

aiming at a certain pollutant, in order to obtain a stable pollutant distribution amount curved surface after adjustment and expansion, a pollutant concentration background value is selected, which reflects the background condition of a diffusion space and is marked as mu, and the initial value of the mu is preset; then, a plane with the value of z ═ mu is tangent to the expanded curved surface of the distribution quantity of the pollutants, and an intersection line is obtained on the curved surface; when the pollutant amount contained in the curved surface part in the intersection line range accounts for more than 90% of the total amount of the air pollutants or the total amount of carbon emission in the research area, and the projection of the curved surface part in the intersection line range on the geographical plane can cover more than 85% of the area of each other research area, the curved surface form is considered to be fully expanded and tends to be stable, and the adjustment of the pollutant distribution amount curved surface is terminated; otherwise, reselecting the mu value, or increasing or decreasing the mu value, and simultaneously amplifying or reducing the lengths of the long axis and the short axis of the fitting ellipse in a matching manner, so that the curved surface form of the pollutant distribution amount is adjusted again until the requirement is met;

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the specific air pollutant is PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂NOx, VOCs or NH₃。

8. The method for calculating the inter-area multi-dimensional ecological compensation amount based on air pollutants or carbon emissions according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the carbon emissions are CO₂。

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (3), the initial value of μ is 1/5 that is set as a limit value of air pollutants.