CN114486798A - Method for rapidly predicting content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddleheads, which relates to the technical field of fiddlehead quality detection and comprises the following steps: (1) collecting diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrum original spectrogram of fiddlehead powder sample by Fourier transform attenuation diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrometer, wherein the measurement range of mid-infrared spectrum is 4000-400cm‑1(ii) a (2) Preprocessing the spectral data; (3) screening spectral characteristic variables; (4) predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead. The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by adopting the same sample for multiple times of acquisition and spectrum pretreatment methods, the influence of manual sampling errors and scanning times, resolution, temperature and optical path on the mid-infrared spectrogram can be effectively reduced, the spectrum characteristic variable is screened by using the flavonoid compound characteristic combination wave number, the interference wave band is eliminated, and useless variables and interference information in the mid-infrared spectrogram can be effectively compressed; the rapid prediction of the content of the total flavonoids in the bracken sample can be realized through the established quantitative model of the content of the total flavonoids in the bracken.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bracken quality detection, in particular to a method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in bracken.
Background
Pteridium aquilinum is young leaf and stem of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. Latisusculum (Desv) Underw, also called Gymna japonica, Ruyi vegetable, fist-shaped vegetable, etc. The edible wild vegetable grows in mountain forest lands, is less polluted, is delicious to eat and crisp and refreshing in taste, and has become a wild vegetable which is deeply loved by people in recent years. The rhizome or whole herb of fern can be used as medicine, and has high medicinal value. According to the record of the compendium of materia Medica: fern is sweet and cold in flavor and has the effects of clearing heat, reducing phlegm, promoting urination, soothing nerves and the like. The bracken is used as a plant with dual purposes of medicine and food, has high nutritive value, contains various bioactive substances such as flavone, terpenes, polysaccharide and the like, has various medicinal health-care functions of reducing blood fat, reducing blood sugar, resisting allergy, resisting oxidation, improving the immunity of the organism and the like, and has high utilization value.
The content of the total flavonoids is one of important indexes for evaluating the quality of the fiddleheads, and the research on the total flavonoids in the fiddleheads has important significance for the deep development of fiddlehead resources. The traditional method for determining the content of total flavonoids in plants mainly adopts an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (extraction and content determination of polysaccharide and flavone of wild fiddlehead of flowers and fruits and mountain [ J ] food science, 2010,31(24): 124-.
Fourier Transform-based Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is used as a quantitative analysis method, has the characteristics of quick analysis, low cost, good reproducibility, convenience in measurement and the like, and can perform qualitative or quantitative analysis by using data of a whole spectrum or multiple wavelengths. And compared with the near infrared or ultraviolet visible short wave infrared spectrum, the intermediate infrared spectrum can accurately detect the sample composition and the group information, and has characteristic absorption peaks of detected components, so that the wavelength selection of spectral data is more definite.
Mid-infrared spectroscopy has found application in the field of food research. In the research of the method for identifying the quality of the santalum album (CN103472025B), by cinnamylin and the like, rutin is used as a reference substance, and the existence of flavone compounds in the santalum album is proved by a similarity analysis method, but the total flavone content value is not estimated, and meanwhile, the operation is complex and the time consumption is long by using a potassium bromide tabletting mode. In the research of a mid-infrared spectrum multi-component quantitative analysis method (CN101310738A) of a traditional Chinese medicine extract, Liu rock and the like, the content of related components in the traditional Chinese medicine extract is detected, but the traditional Chinese medicine extract is compared with raw materials, and the steps of extraction and drying are needed, so that the raw materials are difficult to perform rapid nondestructive detection. When the mid-infrared spectrum is used for measuring a single compound in a sample, the characteristic absorption waveband of the compound is selected as a quantitative analysis waveband, and a calculation model is often adopted for data screening in the measurement of a class of compounds, so that the obtained wavelength data can have a phenomenon irrelevant to the structure of the compound. As for the pretreatment method of wavelength, a great deal of comparison was made in the study of Sun Heng et al (Infrared Spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to predict rapidly the total flavone content in Dendrobium officinale, Spectroscopy and Spectroscopy, 2018,38(06):48-53), but no study was made on the screening of characteristic wavelengths, and the wavelength screening method was not investigated in the study of Analysis of flavone in extract of Rose Guava (L.) -free using isolated surgery and chemometrics, 4th Annual Applied Science and Engineering Conference (AASEC)2019 by Suryana, S et al.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead based on a mid-infrared spectrum.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
a method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead comprises the following steps:
(1) attenuating diffuse reflectance using fourier transformCollecting diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrum original spectrogram of fiddlehead powder sample by using a mid-infrared spectrometer, wherein the measurement range of the mid-infrared spectrum is 4000-400cm-1；
(2) Preprocessing spectral data: preprocessing original spectral data by adopting a multivariate scattering correction method;
(3) screening spectral characteristic variables: screening 3000-2800cm-1、1700-1500cm-1、1200-900cm-1The three wave bands are effective wavelengths for establishing a PLS model;
(4) prediction of the content of the total flavonoids in the bracken: and (4) combining the spectral characteristic variable in the step (3) with the total flavone content of the fiddlehead sample, establishing a quantitative model of the spectral characteristic variable and the total flavone content of the fiddlehead sample by a partial least square method, and predicting the total flavone content of the fiddlehead according to the quantitative model.
Has the advantages that: compared with the mid-infrared and near-infrared, the wavelength range is narrow, and the method is commonly used for carrying out quantitative analysis on a single compound or a plurality of compounds according to characteristic peaks, because the mutual interference of group absorption peaks is strong, the invention optimizes the pretreatment method of infrared spectrum data in fiddlehead, improves the correlation between the predicted sample spectrum and the component content value, simultaneously optimizes the spectrum characteristic variable, and improves the accuracy of the model.
The invention can effectively reduce the influence of manual sampling error and scanning times, resolution, temperature and optical path on the mid-infrared spectrogram by adopting the same sample for multiple times of acquisition and the spectrum pretreatment method. In order to eliminate interference wave bands and solve the problem that a characteristic wavelength variable screening method is lacked, the invention uses a flavone compound characteristic wavelength combination method to screen spectral characteristic variables, so that useless variables and interference information in a mid-infrared spectrogram can be effectively compressed, and the correlation between the spectral wavelength variables and the content of total flavone is increased; the rapid prediction of the content of the total flavonoids in the bracken sample can be realized through the established quantitative model of the content of the total flavonoids in the bracken.
The prediction method is simple and accurate to operate, high in sensitivity, good in reproducibility and reliable in result.
Preferably, the particle size of the bracken powder sample is 60-100 mesh.
Preferably, the bracken powder sample has a total flavone content in the range of 1.62-5.83%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bracken powder sample comprises the following steps: picking fresh bracken samples, cleaning, removing impurities, cutting into sections, drying at 60 ℃, and collecting powder of 60-100 meshes.
Has the advantages that: the bracken powder sample is dried to remove moisture, so that the stability of the collected sample is ensured, and the influence of the moisture in the sample on the near infrared spectrum data is eliminated.
The quantity of the bracken samples is enough, so that the adaptability of establishing the model is improved.
Preferably, the bracken powder sample is stored under sealed dry conditions.
Has the advantages that: to ensure the stability of the bracken sample.
Preferably, the fourier transform attenuated diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectrometer is equipped with an AIR accessory.
Preferably, the scanning times of the Fourier transform attenuation diffuse reflection intermediate infrared spectrometer are 32 times, and the resolution is 4.0cm-1And repeatedly collecting the same sample for 6 times to obtain a mid-infrared original spectrogram.
Preferably, the baseline correction and the average spectrum calculation are performed on the raw spectrum of the mid-infrared spectrum in the step (2), so as to obtain a spectrum of which the average spectrum is eliminated due to the manual sampling error, and finally 8 spectrum preprocessing methods are applied: screening a preprocessing method by using a multivariate scattering correction method, a standard normal variation method, a first derivative method, a second derivative method, a multivariate scattering correction plus first derivative method, a standard normal variation plus first derivative method, a multivariate scattering correction plus second derivative method, a standard normal variation plus second derivative method and a partial least square algorithm (PLS) to obtain a mid-infrared spectrogram of the preprocessed bracken sample, and obtaining a higher R by using a spectrum preprocessing method of the multivariate scattering correction method2Value 0.9154, minimum RMSEC value 0.305.
Preferably, all wavenumbers, the recommended wavenumber of the TQ analysis-9 mid-infrared quantitative analysis software package, the characteristic single wavenumber of the flavonoid compound and the flavonoid compound are compared in the step (3)The effective wavelength for building the PLS model is obtained by combining the compound characteristic with four wavelength selection methods of wave number, and 3000-2800cm is used-1、1700-1500cm-1、1200-900cm-1Three wave bands to obtain higher R2Value 0.9240, minimum RMSEC value 0.29%.
Preferably, in the step (4), the content of total flavonoids in the bracken sample is determined by a sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method.
Preferably, 2.0g of fiddlehead dry powder is accurately weighed, and the weight ratio of the fiddlehead dry powder to the liquid is 1: 15, adding 30mL of 80% ethanol solution, performing condensation reflux extraction at 80 ℃ for 2h, filtering, collecting filtrate, repeatedly extracting the residue for 2 times, combining the extracting solutions, placing the extracting solutions in a volumetric flask for later use, determining the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead by adopting a sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method, determining the absorbance at 510nm wavelength by taking rutin as a standard substance, and obtaining the rutin with a standard curve equation of Y-0.0685X-0.0003, wherein R is20.9981, wherein X is rutin concentration mg/mL and Y is absorbance A.
Preferably, in the step (4), a quantitative model is used to predict the total flavone content of the fiddlehead sample according to the characteristic variables of the spectrogram of the fiddlehead sample; a quantitative model between characteristic variables of a spectrogram of 80 correction set bracken samples and the content of total flavonoids is established by a partial least square method, the content of the total flavonoids of 40 prediction set bracken samples is verified by the quantitative model, the correlation coefficient of the correction set is 0.8747, the root mean square error is 0.379%, the correlation coefficient of the prediction set is 0.7851, the root mean square error is 0.456%, in addition, 20 parts of bracken samples are used for complete external inspection, and the error is-1.16% -0.61%.
Has the advantages that: the method constructed by the invention can provide a reliable method for quantitative research of the content of the total flavonoids in the fiddlehead.
The invention has the advantages that: compared with the mid-infrared and near-infrared, the wavelength range is narrow, the method can be used for quantitative analysis of single or a plurality of compounds according to characteristic peaks, and because the mutual interference of group absorption peaks is strong, the method optimizes the pretreatment method of infrared spectrum data in fiddlehead, improves the correlation between the predicted sample spectrum and the component content value, optimizes the spectrum characteristic variable, and improves the accuracy of the model.
According to the invention, by adopting the same sample for multiple times of acquisition and spectrum pretreatment methods, the influence of manual sampling errors and scanning times, resolution, temperature and optical path on the mid-infrared spectrogram can be effectively reduced, the spectrum characteristic variable is screened by using the flavonoid compound characteristic combination wave number, the interference wave band is eliminated, useless variables and interference information in the mid-infrared spectrogram can be effectively compressed, and the correlation between the spectrum wavelength variable and the total flavone content is increased; the rapid prediction of the content of the total flavonoids in the bracken sample can be realized through the established quantitative model of the content of the total flavonoids in the bracken.
The prediction method is simple and accurate to operate, high in sensitivity, good in reproducibility and reliable in result.
The bracken powder sample is dried to remove moisture, so that the stability of the collected sample is ensured, and the influence of the moisture in the sample on the near infrared spectrum data is eliminated.
The quantity of the bracken samples is enough, so that the adaptability of establishing the model is improved. The bracken powder sample is stored under a sealed and dry condition to ensure the stability of the bracken sample.
The method constructed by the invention can provide a reliable method for quantitative research of the content of the total flavonoids in the fiddlehead.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a quantitative analysis method for the total flavonoid content of fiddlehead constructed by infrared spectroscopy combined with a chemometrics analysis method in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the original mid-infrared spectra of several samples of bracken in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a spectrum of a multivariate scatter-corrected pre-treatment spectrum of several bracken samples according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the predicted effect of a quantitative analysis model of total flavonoids in fiddlehead samples according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a model prediction error distribution of quantitative analysis of total flavonoids in fiddlehead samples according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Test materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Those skilled in the art who do not specify any particular technique or condition in the examples can follow the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or follow the product specification.
The mid-infrared Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Nicolet iS50 FT-IR Spectrometer) was equipped with a sample cell attached to a diamond single reflection AIR.
(1) Collecting a diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrum original spectrogram of a fiddlehead powder sample by adopting a Fourier transform attenuation diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrometer:
a. preparation of bracken powder samples: collecting 14 groups of fresh bracken samples, 10 samples in each group, sorting, cleaning, removing impurities, cutting into sections, drying at 60 ℃, crushing, sieving, collecting powder of 60-100 meshes, drying, sealing and storing for later use.
b. And c, dividing 140 parts of fiddlehead prepared in the step a into 80 parts of correction fiddlehead, 40 parts of prediction fiddlehead and 20 parts of complete external verification set, and collecting the diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrogram of each fiddlehead sample by using a diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrometer. Before sample collection, the intermediate infrared spectrometer is firstly turned on and preheated for 0.5h, and air is used as a blank control to eliminate spectral noise caused by a detection environment when a sample is detected every time.
The procedure for spectrum acquisition was as follows: placing a bracken powder sample in a sample cell of a diamond single reflection AIR accessory equipped in a spectrometer, and setting the measuring range of a mid-infrared spectrometer to be 4000-400cm-1Setting the scanning times of the mid-infrared spectrometer to be 32 times and the resolution to be 4.0cm-1Repeatedly collecting the same sample for 6 times to obtainAnd (3) a mid-infrared original spectrogram.
(2) Preprocessing spectral data:
and performing baseline correction and average spectrum calculation on the original spectrum of the mid-infrared spectrum acquired 6 times by using the same fiddlehead sample to obtain an average spectrum, eliminating the spectrum caused by the artificial sampling error, and eliminating the spectrum noise caused by the detection environment by using an average spectrum moving average 15-point smoothing method.
8 spectral pretreatment methods were applied: and (3) screening a preprocessing method by combining a multivariate scattering correction method, a standard normal variation method, a first derivative method, a second derivative method, a multivariate scattering correction plus first derivative method, a standard normal variation plus first derivative method, a multivariate scattering correction plus second derivative method and a standard normal variation plus second derivative method with a Partial Least Squares (PLS).
By comparing R of the PLS model correction set2Correcting the set root mean square error RMSEC value to obtain a spectrum pretreatment method using a multivariate scattering correction Method (MSC) to obtain higher R2Value 0.9154, minimum RMSEC value 0.305, and mid-infrared spectra of the multiple scatter corrected spectrally pretreated bracken samples.
(3) Screening spectral characteristic variables:
comparing four different wavelength selection methods of all wave numbers, the recommended wave number of the TQ analyser-9 mid-infrared quantitative analysis software package, the flavonoid characteristic single wave number and the flavonoid characteristic combined wave number.
The model is constructed by the four wavelength selection method and the PLS algorithm, and 3000-2800cm is used for screening characteristic wavelengths by comparing and using four different wavelength selection methods of the characteristic combination wave number of the flavonoid compounds in the interval-1、1700-1500cm-1、1200-900cm-13 wave bands, obtaining higher R2Value 0.9240, minimum RMSEC value 0.29%.
(4) Predicting the content of the total flavonoids in the fiddlehead:
a. accurately weighing 2.0g of fiddlehead dry powder, and mixing the weighed materials according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: 15, adding 80 vol% ethanol solution, extracting at 80 deg.C under reflux for 2 hr, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting the residue for 2 times, mixingPlacing the extract in the same volumetric flask for later use. The content of the total flavonoids in the fiddlehead is determined by adopting a sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method. Measuring absorbance at 510nm wavelength with rutin as standard substance to obtain rutin with standard curve equation of Y-0.0685X-0.0003, R20.9981. (X is rutin concentration mg/mL, Y is absorbance A).
b. Predicting the total flavone content of the bracken sample by adopting a quantitative model according to the characteristic variable of the spectrogram of the bracken sample; and establishing a quantitative model between the characteristic variables of the spectrogram and the total flavone content of 80 correction fiddlehead samples by a partial least square method, verifying the total flavone content of 40 prediction fiddlehead samples by using the quantitative model, and performing complete external inspection by using 20 fiddlehead samples.
The correlation coefficient of the obtained correction set is 0.8747, the root mean square error is 0.379%, the correlation coefficient of the prediction set is 0.7851, the root mean square error is 0.456%, and in addition, 20 parts of bracken samples are used for complete external inspection, and the error is-1.16% -0.61%. The constructed method can provide a reliable method for quantitative research on the content of the total flavonoids in the fiddlehead.
Examples
The method for predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead based on the mid-infrared spectrum specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrum original spectrogram of fiddlehead powder sample by Fourier transform attenuation diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrometer
a. Preparation of a bracken sample: collecting 14 groups of fresh bracken samples, 10 samples of each group, picking, cleaning, removing impurities, cutting into sections, drying at 60 ℃, crushing, sieving, collecting powder between 60 meshes and 100 meshes, drying, sealing and storing for later use.
b. Collection of original spectrum of fiddlehead sample
And (3) dividing 140 parts of fiddlehead samples obtained in the last step into 80 parts of correction fiddlehead, 40 parts of prediction fiddlehead and 20 parts of complete external verification set, and collecting diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrograms of the fiddlehead samples by using a diffuse reflection mid-infrared Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Nicolet iS50 FT-IR Spectrometer). The intermediate infrared spectrometer is turned on and preheated for 0.5h before sample collection, and each time of detection is carried outWhen the sample is measured, air is used as a blank control to eliminate spectral noise caused by the detection environment. Setting relevant parameters collected by the spectrum of the mid-infrared spectrometer, and measuring the range of 4000-400cm-1Setting the scanning times of the mid-infrared spectrometer to be 32 times and the resolution to be 4.0cm-1The same sample was repeatedly collected 6 times, and the obtained mid-infrared original spectrogram was shown in FIG. 2.
(2) Determination of total flavone content in fiddlehead sample
And (3) determining the content of the total flavone in the bracken sample by adopting a sodium nitrite-aluminum sulfate method. Measuring absorbance at 510nm wavelength with rutin as standard substance to obtain rutin standard curve equation of Y ═ 0.0685X-0.0003, R20.9981. (X is rutin concentration mg/mL, Y is absorbance A)
(3) Spectral preprocessing
And performing baseline correction and average spectrum calculation on the original 6 mid-infrared spectra acquired by the same fiddlehead sample to obtain an average spectrum, eliminating the spectrum caused by artificial sampling errors, and eliminating the spectrum noise caused by the detection environment by an average spectrum moving average 15-point smoothing method.
8 spectral pretreatment methods were applied: and (3) screening the preprocessing method by combining a multivariate scattering correction method, a standard normal variation method, a first derivative method, a second derivative method, a multivariate scattering correction plus first derivative method, a standard normal variation plus first derivative method, a multivariate scattering correction plus second derivative method and a standard normal variation plus second derivative method with a partial least square algorithm.
By comparing R of PLS models2Values and correction set root mean square error values RMSEC, as shown in Table 1, resulting in higher R obtained using the spectral preprocessing method of multivariate Scattering correction2The value 0.9154, minimum RMSEC value was 0.305, and the mid-infrared spectrum of the bracken sample after spectral pretreatment by multivariate scatter correction was obtained, as shown in FIG. 3.
Table 1 shows the results of the spectral pretreatment method
(4) Spectral feature variable extraction
Screening of spectral characteristic variables: comparing four different wavelength selection methods of all wave numbers, the recommended wave number of the TQ analyser-9 mid-infrared quantitative analysis software package, the flavonoid characteristic single wave number and the flavonoid characteristic combined wave number.
3000-2800cm is used for screening characteristic wavelength by using the above-mentioned four different wavelength selection methods of flavonoid characteristic combination wave number in comparison use interval-1、1700-1500cm-1、1200-900cm-13 bands, as shown in Table 2, higher R is obtained2Value 0.9240, minimum RMSEC value 0.29%.
Table 2 shows the results of the 4 wavelength variable screening methods
(5) Prediction of total flavone content in bracken
Predicting the total flavone content of the fiddlehead sample by adopting a quantitative model according to the characteristic variable of the spectrogram of the fiddlehead sample and the characteristic variable of the spectrogram of the fiddlehead sample; and establishing a quantitative model between the characteristic variables of the spectrogram and the total flavone content of 80 correction fiddlehead samples by a partial least square method, verifying the total flavone content of 40 prediction fiddlehead samples by using the quantitative model, and performing complete external inspection by using 20 fiddlehead samples.
As shown in table 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, the correlation coefficient of the obtained calibration set was 0.8747, the root mean square error was 0.379%, the correlation coefficient of the prediction set was 0.7851, the root mean square error was 0.456%, and in addition, the error was-1.16% to 0.61% when a complete external examination was performed using 20 samples of bracken. The constructed method can provide a reliable method for the determination and research of the content of the total flavonoids in the fiddlehead.
Table 3 is a complete external verification comparison analysis table
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting the diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrum original spectrogram of the fiddlehead powder sample by adopting a Fourier transform attenuation diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrometer, wherein the measuring range of the mid-infrared spectrum is 4000-400cm-1；
(2) Preprocessing spectral data: preprocessing original spectrum data by adopting a multivariate scattering correction method;
(3) screening spectral characteristic variables: screening 3000 + 2800cm-1、1700-1500cm-1、1200-900cm-1The three wave bands are effective wavelengths for establishing a PLS model;
(4) predicting the content of the total flavonoids in the fiddlehead: and (4) combining the spectral characteristic variable in the step (3) with the total flavone content of the fiddlehead sample, establishing a quantitative model of the spectral characteristic variable and the total flavone content of the fiddlehead sample by a partial least square method, and predicting the total flavone content of the fiddlehead according to the quantitative model.
2. The method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the bracken powder sample comprises the following steps: picking fresh bracken samples, cleaning, removing impurities, cutting into sections, drying at 60 ℃, and collecting powder of 60-100 meshes.
3. The method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead according to claim 1, wherein: the bracken powder samples were stored under sealed dry conditions.
4. The method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead according to claim 1, wherein: the Fourier transform attenuated diffuse reflection mid-infrared spectrometer is provided with an AIR accessory.
5. The method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead according to claim 1, wherein: the scanning times of the Fourier transform attenuation diffuse reflection intermediate infrared spectrometer are 32 times, and the resolution is 4.0cm-1And repeatedly collecting the same sample for 6 times to obtain a mid-infrared original spectrogram.
6. The method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead according to claim 1, wherein: the baseline correction and average spectrum calculation are carried out on the intermediate infrared spectrum original spectrum in the step (2), the spectrum of the average spectrum, which is eliminated due to the manual sampling error, is obtained, and finally 8 spectrum pretreatment methods are applied: screening a preprocessing method by using a multivariate scattering correction method, a standard normal variation method, a first derivative method, a second derivative method, a multivariate scattering correction plus first derivative method, a standard normal variation plus first derivative method, a multivariate scattering correction plus second derivative method, a standard normal variation plus second derivative method and a partial least square algorithm (PLS) to obtain a mid-infrared spectrogram of the preprocessed bracken sample, and obtaining a higher R by using a spectrum preprocessing method of the multivariate scattering correction method2Value 0.9154, minimum RMSEC value 0.305.
7. According to claimThe method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), four wavelength selection methods of all wavenumbers, recommended wavenumber of the intermediate infrared quantitative analysis software package TQ analysis-9, single wavenumber of flavonoid characteristic and combined wavenumber of flavonoid characteristic are compared to obtain effective wavelength for establishing a PLS model, and 3000-2800cm is used-1、1700-1500cm-1、1200-900cm-1Three wave bands to obtain higher R2Value 0.9240, minimum RMSEC value 0.29%.
8. The method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) in the step (4), determining the total flavone content of the bracken sample by adopting a sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method.
9. The method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead according to claim 8, wherein: accurately weighing 2.0g of fiddlehead dry powder, and mixing the dry powder and the liquid according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: 15, adding 30mL of 80% ethanol solution, performing condensation reflux extraction at 80 ℃ for 2h, filtering, collecting filtrate, repeatedly extracting the residue for 2 times, combining the extracting solutions, placing the extracting solutions in a volumetric flask for later use, determining the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead by adopting a sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method, determining the absorbance at 510nm wavelength by taking rutin as a standard substance, and obtaining the rutin with a standard curve equation of Y-0.0685X-0.0003, wherein R is20.9981, wherein X is rutin concentration mg/mL and Y is absorbance A.
10. The method for rapidly predicting the content of total flavonoids in fiddlehead according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the total flavone content of the fiddlehead sample is predicted by adopting a quantitative model according to the characteristic variable of the spectrogram of the fiddlehead sample; a quantitative model between characteristic variables of a spectrogram of 80 correction set bracken samples and the content of total flavonoids is established by a partial least square method, the content of the total flavonoids of 40 prediction set bracken samples is verified by the quantitative model, the correlation coefficient of the correction set is 0.8747, the root mean square error is 0.379%, the correlation coefficient of the prediction set is 0.7851, the root mean square error is 0.456%, in addition, 20 parts of bracken samples are used for complete external inspection, and the error is-1.16% -0.61%.
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